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Li G, Wang H, Zhong J, Bai Y, Chen W, Jiang K, Huang J, Shao Y, Liu J, Gong Y, Zhang J, Sun R, Wei T, Gong R, Zhu J, Lu Z, Li Z, Lei J. Circulating small extracellular vesicle-based miRNA classifier for follicular thyroid carcinoma: a diagnostic study. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:925-933. [PMID: 38238428 PMCID: PMC10951262 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) prior to surgery remains a major challenge in the clinic. METHODS This multicentre diagnostic study involved 41 and 150 age- and sex-matched patients in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The diagnostic properties of circulating small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-associated and cell-free RNAs were compared by RNA sequencing in the training cohort. Subsequently, using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) assay, high-quality candidates were identified to construct an RNA classifier for FTC and verified in the validation cohort. The parallel expression, stability and influence of the RNA classifier on surgical strategy were also investigated. RESULTS The diagnostic properties of sEV long RNAs, cell-free long RNAs and sEV microRNAs (miRNAs) were comparable and superior to those of cell-free miRNAs in RNA sequencing. Given the clinical application, the circulating sEV miRNA (CirsEV-miR) classifier was developed from five miRNAs based on qRT‒PCR data, which could well identify FTC patients (area under curve [AUC] of 0.924 in the training cohort and 0.844 in the multicentre validation cohort). Further tests revealed that the CirsEV-miR score was significantly correlated with the tumour burden, and the levels of sEV miRNAs were also higher in sEVs from the FTC cell line, organoid and tissue. Additionally, circulating sEV miRNAs remained constant after different treatments, and the addition of the CirsEV-miR classifier as a biomarker improves the current surgical strategy. CONCLUSIONS The CirsEV-miR classifier could serve as a noninvasive, convenient, specific and stable auxiliary test to help diagnose FTC following ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genpeng Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjing Zhong
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilan Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Thyroid Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronghao Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rixiang Gong
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyong Lei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Toraih EA, Ruiz E, Ning B, Tortelote GG, Hilliard S, Moroz K, Hu T, Fawzy MS, Kandil E. Chromatin-Accessible miRNA Regulons Driving Thyroid Tumorigenesis and Progression. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 236:732-750. [PMID: 36728308 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although papillary thyroid cancer can remain indolent, associated lymph node metastases and recurrence rates are approximately 50% and 20%, respectively. Omics-based medicine has led to the discovery of predictive biomarkers that can be used to predict tumor progression and clinical outcomes. We aimed to develop a noninvasive omics-driven blood test to allow accurate risk stratification and help tailor individual patient treatment plans. STUDY DESIGN RNA sequencing (seq) and microRNA analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were employed to identify an epigenetic prognostic panel. Integrated bulk assay for transposase-accessible chromatin-seq and RNA-seq experiments confirmed the results. Sixty-two paired tumor and adjacent control thyroid tissues and 67 blood samples (62 papillary thyroid cancer and 5 controls) were analyzed for validation using sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction and correlated to clinical outcomes. A liposome-exosome fusion clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-fluorescent detection system miRNA assay was developed. A predictive risk nomogram was generated and tested for performance. RESULTS Our miRNA panel (miR-146b-5p and miR-221-3p) from tissue and blood was associated with aggressive features and was located within accessible chromatin regions. The miRNA risk score and prognostic nomogram showed higher accuracy in predicting lymph node metastases (miR-146b: area under the curve [AUC] 0.816, sensitivity 76.9%; miR-221: AUC 0.740, sensitivity 79.5%) and recurrence (miR-146b: AUC 0.921, sensitivity 75.0%; miR-221: AUC 0.756, sensitivity 70.0%; p < 0.001) than staging and American Thyroid Association risk stratification. CRISPR-based miRNA assays showed upregulation in the blood of cancer cohorts. CONCLUSIONS CRISPR-based detection of miR-146b and miR-221 in the blood of thyroid cancer patients is a reliable and noninvasive tool for real-time assessment and prognostication that has great potential to provide a direct impact on the care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Toraih
- From the Division of General Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Toraih, Kandil), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- the Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology (Toraih); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, and Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Emmanuelle Ruiz
- the Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA (Ruiz)
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Ning, Hu), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Giovane G Tortelote
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics (Tortelote, Hilliard), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sylvia Hilliard
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics (Tortelote, Hilliard), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Moroz), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tony Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Ning, Hu), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia (Fawzy)
| | - Emad Kandil
- From the Division of General Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Toraih, Kandil), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Rikta ST, Uddin KMM, Biswas N, Mostafiz R, Sharmin F, Dey SK. XML-GBM lung: An explainable machine learning-based application for the diagnosis of lung cancer. J Pathol Inform 2023; 14:100307. [PMID: 37025326 PMCID: PMC10070138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer can greatly improve the chances of survival for patients. Machine learning has been increasingly used in the medical sector for the detection of lung cancer, but the lack of interpretability of these models remains a significant challenge. Explainable machine learning (XML) is a new approach that aims to provide transparency and interpretability for machine learning models. The entire experiment has been performed in the lung cancer dataset obtained from Kaggle. The outcome of the predictive model with ROS (Random Oversampling) class balancing technique is used to comprehend the most relevant clinical features that contributed to the prediction of lung cancer using a machine learning explainable technique termed SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation). The results show the robustness of GBM's capacity to detect lung cancer, with 98.76% accuracy, 98.79% precision, 98.76% recall, 98.76% F-Measure, and 0.16% error rate, respectively. Finally, a mobile app is developed incorporating the best model to show the efficacy of our approach.
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Ahmed R, Samanta S, Banerjee J, Kar SS, Dash SK. Modulatory role of miRNAs in thyroid and breast cancer progression and insights into their therapeutic manipulation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100131. [PMID: 36568259 PMCID: PMC9780070 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, thyroid cancer has become one of the most common types of endocrine cancer, contributing to an increase in prevalence. In the year 2020, there were 586,202 newly diagnosed cases of thyroid cancer around the world. This constituted approximately 3.0% of all patients diagnosed with cancer. The World Health Organization reported that there will be 2.3 million women receiving treatment for breast cancer in 2020, with 685,000. Despite the fact that carcinoma is one of the world's leading causes of death, there is still a paucity of information about its biology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are non-coding RNAs that can reduce gene expression by cleaving the 3' untranslated regions of mRNA. These factors make them a potential protein translation inhibitor. Diverse biological mechanisms implicated in the genesis of cancer are modulated by miRNA. The investigation of global miRNA expression in cancer showed regulatory activity through up regulation and down-regulation in several cancers, including thyroid cancer and breast cancer. In thyroid cancer, miRNA influences several cancers related signaling pathways through modulating MAPK, PI3K, and the RAS pathway. In breast cancer, the regulatory activity of miRNA was played through the cyclin protein family, protein kinases and their inhibitors, and other growth promoters or suppressors, which modulated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. This article's goal is to discuss key miRNA expressions that are involved in the development of thyroid and breast cancer as well as their therapeutic manipulation for these two specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubai Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sovan Samanta
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Suvrendu Sankar Kar
- Department of Medicine, R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700004, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India,Corresponding author.
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Melaccio A, Sgaramella LI, Pasculli A, Di Meo G, Gurrado A, Prete FP, Vacca A, Ria R, Testini M. Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Angiogenic Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112775. [PMID: 34204889 PMCID: PMC8199761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Angiogenesis is an essential event for the progression of solid tumors and is promoted by angiogenic cytokines released in the tumor microenvironment by neoplastic and stromal cells. Over the last 20 years, the role of the microenvironment and the implication of several angiogenic factors in tumorigenesis of solid and hematological neoplasms have been widely studied. The tumor microenvironment has also been well-defined for thyroid cancer, clarifying the importance of angiogenesis in cancer progression, spread, and metastasis. Furthermore, recent studies have evaluated the association of circulating angiogenic factors with the clinical outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer, potentially providing noninvasive, low-cost, and safe tests that can be used in screening, diagnosis, and follow-up. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of action of these proangiogenic factors and their different molecular pathways, as well as their applications in the treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a typically favorable prognosis following standard treatments, such as surgical resection and radioiodine therapy. A subset of thyroid cancers progress to refractory/metastatic disease. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment is transformed into an angiogenic microenvironment has a role of primary importance in the aggressive behavior of these neoplasms. During tumor growth and progression, angiogenesis represents a deregulated biological process, and the angiogenic switch, characterized by the formation of new vessels, induces tumor cell proliferation, local invasion, and hematogenous metastases. This evidence has propelled the scientific community’s effort to study a number of molecular pathways (proliferation, cell cycle control, and angiogenic processes), identifying mediators that may represent viable targets for new anticancer treatments. Herein, we sought to review angiogenesis in thyroid cancer and the potential role of proangiogenic cytokines for risk stratification of patients. We also present the current status of treatment of advanced differentiated, medullary, and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, based on the rationale of angiogenesis as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Melaccio
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Lucia Ilaria Sgaramella
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pasculli
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Giovanna Di Meo
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angela Gurrado
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Prete
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Ria
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Mario Testini
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3355370914
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Knyazeva M, Korobkina E, Karizky A, Sorokin M, Buzdin A, Vorobyev S, Malek A. Reciprocal Dysregulation of MiR-146b and MiR-451 Contributes in Malignant Phenotype of Follicular Thyroid Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5950. [PMID: 32824921 PMCID: PMC7503510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, incidental thyroid nodules are being diagnosed with increasing frequency with the use of highly sensitive imaging techniques. The ultrasound thyroid gland examination, followed by the fine-needle aspiration cytology is the standard diagnostic approach. However, in cases of the follicular nature of nodules, cytological diagnosis is not enough. Analysis of miRNAs in the biopsy presents a promising approach. Increasing our knowledge of miRNA's role in follicular carcinogenesis, and development of the appropriate the miRNA analytical technologies are required to implement miRNA-based tests in clinical practice. We used material from follicular thyroid nodes (n.84), grouped in accordance with their invasive properties. The invasion-associated miRNAs expression alterations were assayed. Expression data were confirmed by highly sensitive two-tailed RT-qPCR. Reciprocally dysregulated miRNAs pair concentration ratios were explored as a diagnostic parameter using receiver operation curve (ROC) analysis. A new bioinformatics method (MiRImpact) was applied to evaluate the biological significance of the observed expression alterations. Coupled experimental and computational approaches identified reciprocal dysregulation of miR-146b and miR-451 as important attributes of follicular cell malignant transformation and follicular thyroid cancer progression. Thus, evaluation of combined dysregulation of miRNAs relevant to invasion and metastasis can help to distinguish truly malignant follicular thyroid cancer from indolent follicular adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Knyazeva
- Subcellular technology Lab., N. N. Petrov National Medical Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.K.); (E.K.)
- Oncosystem Company Limited, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great Saint. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Korobkina
- Subcellular technology Lab., N. N. Petrov National Medical Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.K.); (E.K.)
- Oncosystem Company Limited, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Karizky
- Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO) University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Maxim Sorokin
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119048 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (A.B.)
- Omicsway Corporation, Walnut, CA 91789, USA
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119048 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (A.B.)
- Omicsway Corporation, Walnut, CA 91789, USA
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Vorobyev
- National Center of Clinical Morphological Diagnostics, 192283 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Malek
- Subcellular technology Lab., N. N. Petrov National Medical Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.K.); (E.K.)
- Oncosystem Company Limited, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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Differential MicroRNA-Signatures in Thyroid Cancer Subtypes. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:2052396. [PMID: 32565797 PMCID: PMC7290866 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2052396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine cancers, with an increasing trend in the last few decades. Although papillary thyroid cancer is the most frequent subtype compared with follicular or anaplastic thyroid cancer, it can dedifferentiate to a more aggressive phenotype, and the recurrence rate is high. The cells of follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas appear identical in cytology, making the preoperative diagnosis difficult. On the other hand, anaplastic thyroid cancer poses a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature with no effective therapeutic options. In the past several years, the roles of genetic alterations of thyroid tumors have been documented, with a remarkable correlation between genotype and phenotype, indicating that distinct molecular changes are associated with a multistep tumorigenic process. Besides mRNA expression profiles, small noncoding microRNA (miRNA) expression also showed critical functions for cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis and finally activating invasion and metastasis in cancer. Several high-throughput sequencing studies demonstrate that miRNA expression signatures contribute clinically relevant information including types of thyroid cancer, tumor grade, and prognosis. This review summarizes recent findings on miRNA signatures in thyroid cancer subtypes.
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Geng X, Sun YY, Fu JJ, Cao L, Li Y. Role of miR-155-5p expression and its involvement in apoptosis-related factors in thyroid follicular carcinoma. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45:660-665. [PMID: 32415722 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Thyroid follicular carcinoma is a malignant tumor from thyroid follicular epithelium, which is prone to involve capsular and vascular invasion. The present study was conducted in order to detect the expression of microRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) in thyroid follicular carcinoma with an attempt to analyze its involvement in apoptosis-related factors. METHODS Forty-five patients with thyroid follicular carcinoma made up the observation group and 45 patients with thyroid follicular adenoma were included into the control group. Tissues of thyroid follicular carcinoma and thyroid follicular adenoma were obtained from the patients, and analysed for expression of miR-155-5p by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). The expression of cysteine-containing aspartic acid protein hydrolase-3 (Caspase-3) in thyroid follicular carcinoma was detected with the use of Western Blot analyses. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (Bcl-2) in thyroid follicular carcinoma. RESULTS There was significant difference in the expression of miR-155-5p between the two groups (Observation vs Control: 1.46 ± 0.42 vs 0.98 ± 0.33 P < .05). The expression of miR-155-5p was significantly different in the maximum diameter of tumor, vascular invasion and neural invasion (maximum diameter of tumor <4 cm vs ≥4 cm: 1.36 ± 0.40 vs 1.68 ± 0.32, vascular invasion N vs Y: 1.35 ± 0.42 vs 1.69 ± 0.39, Neural invasion N vs Y: 1.35 ± 0.38 vs 1.70 ± 0.31 P < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the expression of miR-155-5p in terms of different gender, age and group with or without lymph node metastasis (P > .05). Based on survival analysis, patients with high expression of miR-155-5p experienced short survival time (median survival time was 45 months, P < .05). There was a negative correlation between miR-155-5p and Caspase-3 (r = -.50, P < .05). In addition, positive correlation was observed between miR-155-5p and Bcl-2 (r = .55, P < .05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION There was increased expression of miR-155-5p in thyroid follicular carcinoma. The abnormal expression of miR-155-5p may be an independent prognostic factor for thyroid follicular carcinoma associated with cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Geng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jin Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Sheikholeslami S, Shabani N, Shivaee S, Tavangar SM, Yeganeh M, Hedayati M, Lotfi J, Gholami H. Overexpression of mir-129-1, miR-146b, mir-183, and mir-197 in follicular thyroid carcinoma and adenoma tissues. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 51:101536. [PMID: 32081771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is responsible for approximately 10% of thyroid malignancies. Since this type of malignancy indicates no capsular and vascular invasions, adenoma and follicular carcinoma of thyroid are not distinguishable. It has been proved that microRNAs, which regulate approximately 30% of coding proteins, have an association with follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and carcinoma of the thyroid. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the expression of some miRNAs for detecting the most appropriate miRNA as potential biomarker in the diagnosis of FTA and FTC patients. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to determine the expression levels of miR-129-1, miR-146b,-183 and miR-197 in 48 cases (16 FTC, 16 FTA and 16 hyperplasia/multinodular goiter (MNG) cases). The significance of miRNA differential expression levels among groups were assessed using Multivariate test by Statistical Package for Science Software (SPSS v.20) and Graph Pad Prism v.8. Results indicated that all of the miRNAs had significant overexpression in FTC and FTA versus MNG cases, and also increased expression level in FTC in comparison with FTA, however it was not significant. The results of ROC curve analysis determined the significant overexpression and prognostic value of miR-129-1 in FTA cases and miR-146b in both FTA and FTC cases compared to MNG group. Although all of the earlier mentioned microRNAs were overexpressed in FTC and FTA cases, the ROC curve results demonstrated that miR-129-1 had agreeable AUC for FTA cases. Therefore, it seems that it's cut-off point could be helpful in distinguishing between FTA and multinodular goiter cases. On the other hand, although miR-146b has excellent diagnostic value in both FTA and FTC groups, it seems that this microRNA is unable to act as a specific biomarker to discriminate between FTA and FTC cases. This data need to be confirmed in a large cohort study and other biological samples such as plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikholeslami
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Shabani
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Shivaee
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MarjanZarif Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jabar Lotfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Gholami
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Titov SE, Ivanov MK, Demenkov PS, Katanyan GA, Kozorezova ES, Malek AV, Veryaskina YA, Zhimulev IF. Combined quantitation of HMGA2 mRNA, microRNAs, and mitochondrial-DNA content enables the identification and typing of thyroid tumors in fine-needle aspiration smears. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1010. [PMID: 31660895 PMCID: PMC6819494 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Analysis of molecular markers in addition to cytological analysis of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples is a promising way to improve the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Nonetheless, in clinical practice, applications of existing diagnostic solutions based on the detection of somatic mutations or analysis of gene expression are limited by their high cost and difficulties with clinical interpretation. The aim of our work was to develop an algorithm for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules on the basis of a small set of molecular markers analyzed by real-time PCR. Methods A total of 494 preoperative FNA samples of thyroid goiters and tumors from 232 patients with known histological reports were analyzed: goiter, 105 samples (50 patients); follicular adenoma, 101 (48); follicular carcinoma, 43 (28); Hürthle cell carcinoma, 25 (11); papillary carcinoma, 121 (56); follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, 80 (32); and medullary carcinoma, 19 (12). Total nucleic acids extracted from dried FNA smears were analyzed for five somatic point mutations and two translocations typical of thyroid tumors as well as for relative concentrations of HMGA2 mRNA and 13 microRNAs and the ratio of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA by real-time PCR. A decision tree–based algorithm was built to discriminate benign and malignant tumors and to type the thyroid cancer. Leave-p-out cross-validation with five partitions was performed to estimate prediction quality. A comparison of two independent samples by quantitative traits was carried out via the Mann–Whitney U test. Results A minimum set of markers was selected (levels of HMGA2 mRNA and miR-375, − 221, and -146b in combination with the mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio) and yielded highly accurate discrimination (sensitivity = 0.97; positive predictive value = 0.98) between goiters with benign tumors and malignant tumors and accurate typing of papillary, medullary, and Hürthle cell carcinomas. The results support an alternative classification of follicular tumors, which differs from the histological one. Conclusions The study shows the feasibility of the preoperative differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules using a panel of several molecular markers by a simple PCR-based method. Combining markers of different types increases the accuracy of classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei E Titov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,AO Vector-Best, Koltsovo, 630559, Russia.
| | - Mikhail K Ivanov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,AO Vector-Best, Koltsovo, 630559, Russia
| | - Pavel S Demenkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Eugenia S Kozorezova
- Siberian District Medical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Novosibirsk, 630007, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Malek
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Yulia A Veryaskina
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor F Zhimulev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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11
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Khatami F, Larijani B, Nikfar S, Hasanzad M, Fendereski K, Tavangar SM. Personalized treatment options for thyroid cancer: current perspectives. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:235-245. [PMID: 31571972 PMCID: PMC6750856 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s181520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies, with increasing incidence all over the world. In spite of good prognosis for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, for an unknown reason, about 5–10% of the patients, the cancer will show aggressive behavior, develop metastasis, and be refractory to treatment strategies like radioactive iodine. Regarding the genetic information, each thyroid cancer patient can be considered as an individual unique one, with unique genetic information. Contrary to standard chemotherapy drugs, target therapy components aim at one or more definite molecular pathway on cancer cells, so their selection is underlying patient’s genetic information. Nowadays, several mutations and rearrangements including BRAF, VEGF receptors, RET, and RET/PTC, KDR, KIT, PDGFRA, CD274, and JAK2 are taken into account for the therapeutic components like larotrectinib (TRK inhibitor), vemurafenib, sunitinib, sorafenib, selumetinib, and axitinib. With the new concept of personalized treatment of thyroid cancer diagnoses, planning treatment, finding out how well treatment will work, and estimating a prognosis has changed for the better over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarad Fendereski
- Pediateric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Carr FE. THYROID CANCER. Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119645214.ch23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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In Silico Integration Approach Reveals Key MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2725192. [PMID: 31032340 PMCID: PMC6458921 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2725192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), this study aimed at identifying key miRNAs and their target genes associated with FTC, as well as analyzing their interactions. Based on the gene microarray data GSE82208 and microRNA dataset GSE62054, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs (DEMs) were obtained using R and SAM software. The common DEMs from R and SAM were fed to three different bioinformatic tools, TargetScan, miRDB, and miRTarBase, respectively, to predict their biological targets. With DEGs intersected with target genes of DEMs, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed through the DAVID database. Then a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING. Finally, the module analysis for PPI network was performed by MCODE and BiNGO. A total of nine DEMs were identified, and their function might work through regulating hub genes in the PPI network especially KIT and EGFR. KEGG analysis showed that intersection genes were enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and microRNAs in cancer. In conclusion, the study of miRNA-mRNA network would offer molecular support for differential diagnosis between malignant FTC and benign FTA, providing new insights into the potential targets for follicular thyroid carcinoma diagnosis and treatment.
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14
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Kuo JH, McManus C, Graves CE, Madani A, Khokhar MT, Huang B, Lee JA. In brief. Curr Probl Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Kuo JH, McManus C, Graves CE, Madani A, Khokhar MT, Huang B, Lee JA. Updates in the management of thyroid nodules. Curr Probl Surg 2018; 56:103-127. [PMID: 30798796 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Kuo
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | | | - Claire E Graves
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Amin Madani
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mamoona T Khokhar
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Bernice Huang
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - James A Lee
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
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16
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Dom G, Frank S, Floor S, Kehagias P, Libert F, Hoang C, Andry G, Spinette A, Craciun L, de Saint Aubin N, Tresallet C, Tissier F, Savagner F, Majjaj S, Gutierrez-Roelens I, Marbaix E, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C. Thyroid follicular adenomas and carcinomas: molecular profiling provides evidence for a continuous evolution. Oncotarget 2018; 9:10343-10359. [PMID: 29535811 PMCID: PMC5828225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-autonomous thyroid nodules are common in the general population with a proportion found to be cancerous. A current challenge in the field is to be able to distinguish benign adenoma (FA) from preoperatively malignant thyroid follicular carcinoma (FTC), which are very similar both histologically and genetically. One controversial issue, which is currently not understood, is whether both tumor types represent different molecular entities or rather a biological continuum. To gain a better insight into FA and FTC tumorigenesis, we defined their molecular profiles by mRNA and miRNA microarray. Expression data were analyzed, validated by qRT-PCR and compared with previously published data sets. The majority of deregulated mRNAs were common between FA and FTC and were downregulated, however FTC showed additional deregulated mRNA. Both types of tumors share deregulated pathways, molecular functions and biological processes. The additional deregulations in FTC include the lipid transport process that may be involved in tumor progression. The strongest candidate genes which may be able to discriminate follicular adenomas and carcinomas, CRABP1, FABP4 and HMGA2, were validated in independent samples by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. However, they were not able to adequately classify FA or FTC, supporting the notion of continuous evolving tumors, whereby FA and FTC appear to show quantitative rather than qualitative changes. Conversely, miRNA expression profiles showed few dysregulations in FTC, and even fewer in FA, suggesting that miRNA play a minor, if any, role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Dom
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Frank
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Floor
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pashalina Kehagias
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederick Libert
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Hoang
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Guy Andry
- Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederique Tissier
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Ilse Gutierrez-Roelens
- Biolibrary of the King Albert II Institute, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institut de Duve, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- Biolibrary of the King Albert II Institute, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institut de Duve, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques E. Dumont
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, School of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Chi J, Zheng X, Gao M, Zhao J, Li D, Li J, Dong L, Ruan X. Integrated microRNA-mRNA analyses of distinct expression profiles in follicular thyroid tumors. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7153-7160. [PMID: 29344146 PMCID: PMC5754833 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small non-coding RNAs identified in plants, animals and certain viruses; they function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs also serve an important role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of tumors. However, few studies have investigated the role of miRNAs in thyroid tumors. In the present study, the expression of miRNA and mRNA was compared between follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular thyroid adenoma (FA) samples, and then miRNA-mRNA regulatory network analysis was performed. Microarray datasets (GSE29315 and GSE62054) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and profiling data were processed with R software. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was subsequently performed for DEGs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The target genes of the DEMs were identified with miRWalk, miRecords and TarMir databases. Network analysis of the DEMs and DEMs-targeted DEGs was performed using Cytoscape software. In GSE62054, 23 downregulated and 9 upregulated miRNAs were identified. In GSE29315, 42 downregulated and 44 upregulated mRNAs were identified. A total of 36 miRNA-gene pairs were also identified. Network analysis indicated a co-regulatory association between miR-296-5p, miR-10a, miR-139-5p, miR-452, miR-493, miR-7, miR-137, miR-144, miR-145 and corresponding targeted mRNAs, including TNF receptor superfamily member 11b, benzodiazepine receptor (peripheral) -associated protein 1, and transforming growth factor β receptor 2. These results suggest that miRNA-mRNAs networks serve an important role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of FTC and FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Chi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Department of Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhu Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jiansen Li
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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18
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Eszlinger M, Lau L, Ghaznavi S, Symonds C, Chandarana SP, Khalil M, Paschke R. Molecular profiling of thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration cytology. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:415-424. [PMID: 28361927 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis and malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules requires multidisciplinary expertise and knowledge of both local ultrasonography practices and the local malignancy rates for a given fine-needle aspiration (FNA) result. Even in such a multidisciplinary setting, FNA cytology has the inherent limitation that indeterminate cytology results cannot distinguish between follicular adenomas, follicular thyroid carcinomas or follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas. Accumulating evidence suggests that this limitation can be overcome by using molecular diagnostic approaches. In this Review, we present the advantages and disadvantages of the different molecular diagnostic methodologies, which can be divided into two approaches: those that 'rule out' malignancy (to reduce the overtreatment of benign nodules) and those that 'rule in' malignancy (to optimize surgical planning). We identify microRNA classifiers as potential additional markers for use in a two-step diagnostic approach, consider the potential implications of the reclassification of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas to noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features and discuss the cost-effectiveness of molecular testing. Molecular FNA diagnostics is an important complementary addition to FNA cytology that could substantially reduce unnecessary surgery and better define the need for appropriate surgery in patients who have thyroid nodules with indeterminate FNA cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Eszlinger
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 - 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N2, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Centre, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta T2T 4Z6, Canada
| | - Lorraine Lau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta T2T 5C7, Canada
| | - Sana Ghaznavi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta T2T 5C7, Canada
| | - Christopher Symonds
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta T2T 5C7, Canada
| | - Shamir P Chandarana
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 - 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N2, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, North Tower 1012, 1403 - 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Moosa Khalil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, McCaig Tower, 1403 - 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Ralf Paschke
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 - 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N2, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Centre, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta T2T 4Z6, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta T2T 5C7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, North Tower 9th floor, 1403 - 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Centre, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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19
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Sorrenti S, Baldini E, Tartaglia F, Catania A, Arcieri S, Pironi D, Calò PG, Filippini A, Ulisse S. Nodular thyroid disease in the elderly: novel molecular approaches for the diagnosis of malignancy. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:7-13. [PMID: 27832468 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial thyroid cancers (TC) comprise two differentiated histotypes (DTC), the papillary (PTC) and the follicular (FTC) thyroid carcinomas which, following dedifferentiation, are assumed to give rise to the poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and the rare, but highly aggressive and invariably fatal, anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Although thyroid cancer mortality has not been changed, its annual incidence has increased over the last two decades, mainly because of the improved ability to diagnose malignant transformation in small non-palpable thyroid nodules. Despite DTC patients have a favorable prognosis, aggressive disease is more frequently observed in the elderly showing a higher disease-specific mortality. Of relevance is the high prevalence of nodular thyroid disease in aged patients being higher than 90%, in women older than 60 year, and 60% in men older than 80 year. This implies a careful evaluation of thyroid nodules in this group of patients in order to exclude malignancy. In fact, despite the tremendous progress in the comprehension of the underlying molecular mechanisms deregulated in DTC progression, several aspects of their clinical management remain to be solved and novel diagnostic strategies are sorely needed. Here, we will attempt to review new molecular approaches, which are currently being exploited in order to ameliorate the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
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20
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Stokowy T, Wojtas B, Jarzab B, Krohn K, Fredman D, Dralle H, Musholt T, Hauptmann S, Lange D, Hegedüs L, Paschke R, Eszlinger M. Two-miRNA classifiers differentiate mutation-negative follicular thyroid carcinomas and follicular thyroid adenomas in fine needle aspirations with high specificity. Endocrine 2016; 54:440-447. [PMID: 27473101 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of thyroid by fine needle aspiration is challenging for the "indeterminate" category and can be supported by molecular testing. We set out to identify miRNA markers that could be used in a diagnostic setting to improve the discrimination of mutation-negative indeterminate fine needle aspirations. miRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed for freshly frozen tissue samples of 19 RAS and PAX8/PPARG mutation-negative follicular thyroid carcinomas, and 23 RAS and PAX8/PPARG mutation-negative follicular adenomas. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a set of 44 fine needle aspiration samples representing 24 follicular thyroid carcinomas and 20 follicular adenomas. Twenty-six miRNAs characterized by a significant differential expression between follicular thyroid carcinomas and follicular adenomas were identified. Nevertheless, since no single miRNA had satisfactory predictive power, classifiers comprising two differentially expressed miRNAs were designed with the aim to improve the classification. Six two-miRNA classifiers were established and quantitative polymerase chain reaction validated in fine needle aspiration samples. Four out of six classifiers were characterized by a high specificity (≥94 %). The best two-miRNA classifier (miR-484/miR-148b-3p) identified thyroid malignancy with a sensitivity of 89 % and a specificity of 87 %. The high-throughput sequencing allowed the identification of subtle differences in the miRNA expression profiles of follicular thyroid carcinomas and follicular adenomas. While none of the differentially expressed miRNAs could be used as a stand-alone malignancy marker, the validation results for two-miRNA classifiers in an independent set of fine needle aspirations are very promising. The ultimate evaluation of these classifiers for their capability of discriminating mutation-negative indeterminate fine needle aspirations will require the evaluation of a sufficiently large number of fine needle aspirations with histological confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Stokowy
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, and Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojtas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, and Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Jarzab
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, and Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Knut Krohn
- IZKF Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Fredman
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henning Dralle
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Musholt
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Hauptmann
- Department of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Tumor Pathology Department, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - László Hegedüs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ralf Paschke
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Oncology and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Markus Eszlinger
- Department of Oncology and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Zhang M, Lin O. Molecular Testing of Thyroid Nodules: A Review of Current Available Tests for Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 140:1338-1344. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0100-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—
Fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules is a reliable diagnostic method to determine the nature of thyroid nodules. Nonetheless, indeterminate cytology diagnoses remain a diagnostic challenge. The development of multiplex molecular techniques and the identification of genetic alterations associated with different follicular cell–derived cancers in the thyroid have led to the introduction of several commercially available tests.
Objective.—
To summarize the most common commercially available molecular testing in thyroid cancer, focusing on the technical features and test performance validation.
Data Sources.—
Peer-reviewed original articles, review articles, and published conference abstracts were reviewed to analyze the advantages and limitations of the most common tests used in the evaluation of thyroid needle aspirations.
Conclusions.—
The most common tests available include the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier, ThyGenX, and ThyroSeq. The excellent negative predictive value (NPV) of the Afirma test allows it to be used as a “rule out” test. ThyGenX analyzes a panel of DNA mutations and RNA translocation fusion markers to assess the risk of malignancy with good NPV and positive predictive value. ThyroSeq is a next-generation sequencing–based gene mutation and fusion test that has been reported to have the best NPV and positive predictive value combined, suggesting that it can be used as a “rule in” and “rule out” test. Molecular testing of cytology specimens from thyroid nodules has the potential to play a major role in the evaluation of indeterminate thyroid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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22
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Wójcicka A, Kolanowska M, Jażdżewski K. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: MicroRNA in diagnostics and therapy of thyroid cancer. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:R89-98. [PMID: 26503845 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, short non-coding regulators of the gene expression, are subjects of numerous investigations assessing their potential use in the diagnostics and management of human diseases. In this review, we focus on studies that analyze the utility of microRNAs as novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas. This very interesting and promising field brings new insight into future strategies for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wójcicka
- Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland
| | - Monika Kolanowska
- Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland
| | - Krystian Jażdżewski
- Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland
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23
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Huang FJ, Zhou XY, Ye L, Fei XC, Wang S, Wang W, Ning G. Follicular thyroid carcinoma but not adenoma recruits tumor-associated macrophages by releasing CCL15. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:98. [PMID: 26875556 PMCID: PMC4753660 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular adenoma (FA) before surgery is a clinical challenge. Many efforts have been made but most focusing on tumor cells, while the roles of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) remained unclear in FTC. Here we analyzed the differences between TAMs in FTC and those in FA. METHODS We first analyzed the density of TAMs by CD68 immunostaining in 59 histologically confirmed FTCs and 47 FAs. Cytokines produced by FTC and FA were profiled using antibody array, and validated by quantitative PCR. Chemotaxis of monocyte THP-1 was induced by condition medium of FTC cell lines (FTC133 and WRO82-1) with and without anti-CCL15 neutralizing antibody. Finally, we analyzed CCL15 protein level in FTC and FA by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The average density of CD68(+) cells was 9.5 ± 5.4/field in FTC, significantly higher than that in FA (4.9 ± 3.4/field, p < 0.001). Subsequently profiling showed that CCL15 was the most abundant chemokine in FTC compared with FA. CCL15 mRNA in FTC was 51.4-folds of that in FA. CM of FTC cell lines induced THP-1 cell chemotaxis by 33 ~ 77%, and anti-CCL15 neutralizing antibody reduced THP-1 cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we observed positive CCL15 immunostaining in 67.8% of FTCs compared with 23.4% of FAs. CONCLUSION Our study suggested FTC might induce TAMs infiltration by producing CCL15. Measurement of TAMs and CCL15 in follicular thyroid lesions may be applied clinically to differentiate FTC from FA pre-operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jiao Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratoryfor Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratoryfor Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Lei Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratoryfor Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratoryfor Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China. .,Laboratory for Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases of Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratoryfor Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Key Laboratoryfor Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China. .,Laboratory for Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases of Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
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24
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Wylie D, Beaudenon-Huibregtse S, Haynes BC, Giordano TJ, Labourier E. Molecular classification of thyroid lesions by combined testing for miRNA gene expression and somatic gene alterations. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 2:93-103. [PMID: 27499919 PMCID: PMC4907059 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple molecular markers contribute to the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer and can provide valuable information to improve disease diagnosis and patient management. We performed a comprehensive evaluation of miRNA gene expression in diverse thyroid lesions (n = 534) and developed predictive models for the classification of thyroid nodules, alone or in combination with genotyping. Expression profiling by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in surgical specimens (n = 257) identified specific miRNAs differentially expressed in 17 histopathological categories. Eight supervised machine learning algorithms were trained to discriminate benign from malignant lesions and evaluated for accuracy and robustness. The selected models showed invariant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in cross-validation (0.89), optimal AUC (0.94) in an independent set of preoperative thyroid nodule aspirates (n = 235), and classified 92% of benign lesions as low risk/negative and 92% of malignant lesions as high risk/positive. Surgical and preoperative specimens were further tested for the presence of 17 validated oncogenic gene alterations in the BRAF, RAS, RET or PAX8 genes. The miRNA-based classifiers complemented and significantly improved the diagnostic performance of the 17-mutation panel (p < 0.001 for McNemar's tests). In a subset of resected tissues (n = 54) and in an independent set of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology (n = 42), the optimized ThyraMIR Thyroid miRNA Classifier increased diagnostic sensitivity by 30-39% and correctly classified 100% of benign nodules negative by the 17-mutation panel. In contrast, testing with broad targeted next-generation sequencing panels decreased diagnostic specificity by detecting additional mutations of unknown clinical significance in 19-39% of benign lesions. Our results demonstrate that, independent of mutational status, miRNA expression profiles are strongly associated with altered molecular pathways underlying thyroid tumorigenesis. Combined testing for miRNA gene expression and well-established somatic gene alterations is a novel diagnostic strategy that can improve the preoperative diagnosis and surgical management of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Pathology University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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25
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Ludvíková M, Kalfeřt D, Kholová I. Pathobiology of MicroRNAs and Their Emerging Role in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration. Acta Cytol 2016; 59:435-44. [PMID: 26745212 DOI: 10.1159/000442145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRs) are noncoding, single-stranded regulatory RNA molecules involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. They control the development and maintenance of the diverse cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, motility and apoptosis. Expression of miRs is tissue-specific and each alteration of the tissue miR profile is associated with a distinct disease status. STUDY DESIGN We reviewed the literature on the expression of miRs in thyroid tumors, focusing on methodology and diagnostic and prognostic output. Separately, we analyzed 11 studies on miR profiles in thyroid cytological material. RESULTS Numerous studies have evaluated the miR profiles of thyroid tumors in an attempt to find a possible diagnostic and prognostic role. Both downregulation and upregulation of numerous miRs was found, but differences between the surgical pathology specimens and corresponding fine-needle aspirates in the expression of the same miRs were also reported. CONCLUSIONS The results from surgically resected material cannot be extrapolated into preoperative use without validation. For diagnostic use, the strong overlap between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma miR profiles is challenging. In summary, miR-221 and miR-222 are consistently upregulated in different types of thyroid carcinomas and might be used as markers of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ludvíková
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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26
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Wojakowska A, Chekan M, Marczak Ł, Polanski K, Lange D, Pietrowska M, Widlak P. Detection of metabolites discriminating subtypes of thyroid cancer: Molecular profiling of FFPE samples using the GC/MS approach. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 417:149-57. [PMID: 26415588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the critical issues in thyroid cancer diagnostic is differentiation between follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, which in some cases is not possible based on histopathological features only. In this paper we performed molecular profiling of thyroid tissue aiming to identify metabolites characteristic for different types of thyroid cancer. FFPE tissue specimens were analysed from 5 different types of thyroid malignancies (follicular, papillary/classical variant, papillary/follicular variant, medullary and anaplastic cancers), benign follicular adenoma and normal thyroid. Extracted metabolites were identified and semi-quantified using the GC/MS approach. There were 28 metabolites identified, whose abundances were significantly different among different types of thyroid tumours, including lipids, carboxylic acids, and saccharides. We concluded, that multi-component metabolome signature could be used for classification of different subtypes of follicular thyroid lesions. Moreover, potential applicability of the GC/MS-based analysis of FFPE tissue samples in diagnostics of thyroid cancer has been proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojakowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Mykola Chekan
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Lange
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Piotr Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
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Labourier E, Shifrin A, Busseniers AE, Lupo MA, Manganelli ML, Andruss B, Wylie D, Beaudenon-Huibregtse S. Molecular Testing for miRNA, mRNA, and DNA on Fine-Needle Aspiration Improves the Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules With Indeterminate Cytology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2743-50. [PMID: 25965083 PMCID: PMC4490308 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Molecular testing for oncogenic mutations or gene expression in fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) from thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology identifies a subset of benign or malignant lesions with high predictive value. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate a novel diagnostic algorithm combining mutation detection and miRNA expression to improve the diagnostic yield of molecular cytology. SETTING Surgical specimens and preoperative FNAs (n = 638) were tested for 17 validated gene alterations using the miRInform Thyroid test and with a 10-miRNA gene expression classifier generating positive (malignant) or negative (benign) results. DESIGN Cross-sectional sampling of thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) or follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) cytology (n = 109) was conducted at 12 endocrinology centers across the United States. Qualitative molecular results were compared with surgical histopathology to determine diagnostic performance and model clinical effect. RESULTS Mutations were detected in 69% of nodules with malignant outcome. Among mutation-negative specimens, miRNA testing correctly identified 64% of malignant cases and 98% of benign cases. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the combined algorithm was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73-97%) and 85% (95% CI, 75-92%), respectively. At 32% cancer prevalence, 61% of the molecular results were benign with a negative predictive value of 94% (95% CI, 85-98%). Independently of variations in cancer prevalence, the test increased the yield of true benign results by 65% relative to mRNA-based gene expression classification and decreased the rate of avoidable diagnostic surgeries by 69%. CONCLUSIONS Multiplatform testing for DNA, mRNA, and miRNA can accurately classify benign and malignant thyroid nodules, increase the diagnostic yield of molecular cytology, and further improve the preoperative risk-based management of benign nodules with AUS/FLUS or FN/SFN cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Labourier
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Alexander Shifrin
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Anne E Busseniers
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Mark A Lupo
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Monique L Manganelli
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Bernard Andruss
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Dennis Wylie
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Sylvie Beaudenon-Huibregtse
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
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