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Thakur A, Rana N, Kumar R. Altered hormone expression induced genetic changes leads to breast cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:115-122. [PMID: 38441060 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast cancer ranks first among gynecological cancer in India. It is associated with urbanization, changes in lifestyle and obesity. Hormones also play a crucial role in the development of breast cancer. Steroid hormones play critical role in development of breast cancer. RECENT FINDING Breast cancer is caused due to alteration in different hormone expressions leading to genetic instability. Loss or gains of functions due to genetic instability were associated with the alterations in housekeeping genes. Up-regulation in c-myc, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), CREB-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) may cause the development of breast cancer. Peptide hormones are commonly following the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway for activation of cell cycle causing uncontrolled proliferation. Although steroid hormones are following the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) pathway, their hyper-activation of these pathways causes extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and MAPK activation, leading to carcinogenesis. SUMMARY Alteration in cell cycle proteins, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, transcription and translation factors lead to breast cancer. Apoptosis plays a vital role in the elimination of abnormal cells but failure in any of these apoptotic pathways may cause tumorigenesis. Hence, a complex interplay of hormonal and genetic factors is required to maintain homeostasis in breast cells. Imbalance in homeostasis of these hormone and genes may lead to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Thakur
- Department of Animal sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, H.P
| | - Navya Rana
- Department of Animal sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, H.P
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland
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Giordano C, Accattatis FM, Gelsomino L, Del Console P, Győrffy B, Giuliano M, Veneziani BM, Arpino G, De Angelis C, De Placido P, Pietroluongo E, Zinno F, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Barone I, Catalano S. miRNAs in the Box: Potential Diagnostic Role for Extracellular Vesicle-Packaged miRNA-27a and miRNA-128 in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15695. [PMID: 37958677 PMCID: PMC10649351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are now considered the next generation of cancer "theranostic" tools, with strong clinical relevance. Although their potential in breast cancer diagnosis has been widely reported, further studies are still required to address this challenging issue. The present study examined the expression profiles of EV-packaged miRNAs to identify novel miRNA signatures in breast cancer and verified their diagnostic accuracy. Circulating EVs were isolated from healthy controls and breast cancer patients and characterized following the MISEV 2018 guidelines. RNA-sequencing and real-time PCR showed that miRNA-27a and miRNA-128 were significantly down-regulated in patient-derived EVs compared to controls in screening and validation cohorts. Bioinformatics analyses of miRNA-target genes indicated several enriched biological processes/pathways related to breast cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves highlighted the ability of these EV-miRNAs to distinguish breast cancer patients from non-cancer controls. According to other reports, the levels of EV-miRNA-27a and EV-miRNA-128 are not associated with their circulating ones. Finally, evidence from the studies included in our systematic review underscores how the expression of these miRNAs in biofluids is still underinvestigated. Our findings unraveled the role of serum EV-derived miRNA-27a and miRNA-128 in breast cancer, encouraging further investigation of these two miRNAs within EVs towards improved breast cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.A.); (L.G.); (P.D.C.); (D.B.); (S.A.); (I.B.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Clinical Laboratory Unit, A.O. “Annunziata”, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Felice Maria Accattatis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.A.); (L.G.); (P.D.C.); (D.B.); (S.A.); (I.B.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.A.); (L.G.); (P.D.C.); (D.B.); (S.A.); (I.B.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Piercarlo Del Console
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.A.); (L.G.); (P.D.C.); (D.B.); (S.A.); (I.B.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (G.A.); (C.D.A.); (P.D.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Grazia Arpino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (G.A.); (C.D.A.); (P.D.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (G.A.); (C.D.A.); (P.D.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Pietro De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (G.A.); (C.D.A.); (P.D.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Erica Pietroluongo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (G.A.); (C.D.A.); (P.D.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Francesco Zinno
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, A.O. “Annunziata”, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.A.); (L.G.); (P.D.C.); (D.B.); (S.A.); (I.B.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.A.); (L.G.); (P.D.C.); (D.B.); (S.A.); (I.B.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.A.); (L.G.); (P.D.C.); (D.B.); (S.A.); (I.B.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.A.); (L.G.); (P.D.C.); (D.B.); (S.A.); (I.B.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Clinical Laboratory Unit, A.O. “Annunziata”, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
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Anne Kutzler M, Moccia V, Zwida K, Verena Löhr C. Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Expression in Neoplastic Mast Cells Is Increased in Spayed and Neutered Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:271-276. [PMID: 36315865 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone receptors (LHRs) are expressed in canine lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma. We hypothesized that LHR would be expressed in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) and that more neoplastic mast cells would express LHR in gonadectomized dogs compared with intact dogs. Eleven archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cutaneous MCT tissue sections were processed using routine immunohistochemistry. For both the KIT protein and LHR, the percentage of positive cells for each staining pattern (I-III) was calculated. A Student's t test was used to compare the total percentage of positive cells expressing LHR and KIT in intact and gonadectomized dogs. A one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the percentage of cells within each staining pattern for LHR and KIT in intact and gonadectomized dogs. All MCT expressed LHR. MCT from gonadectomized dogs had a significantly higher percentage of LHR-positive mast cells (84.2 ± 8.7%) compared with MCTs from intact dogs (64.3 ± 4.2%). This is the first study to demonstrate the expression of LHR in canine MCTs and to report that LHR expression is increased in neoplastic mast cells from gonadectomized dogs compared with intact dogs. Future studies are planned to evaluate the functionality of the LHR in canine neoplastic mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerio Moccia
- Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Khawla Zwida
- From Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (M.A.K., K.Z., C.V.L.)
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Waszczykowska K, Prażanowska K, Kałuzińska Ż, Kołat D, Płuciennik E. Discovering biomarkers for hormone-dependent tumors: in silico study on signaling pathways implicated in cell cycle and cytoskeleton regulation. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:947-963. [PMID: 35532795 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignancies dependent on hormone homeostasis include breast, ovary, cervical, prostate, testis and uterine tumors. Hormones are involved in signal transduction which orchestrate processes, such as apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle or cytoskeleton organization. Currently, there is a need for novel biomarkers which would help to diagnose cancers efficiently. In this study, the genes implicated in signaling that is important in hormone-sensitive carcinogenesis were investigated regarding their prognostic significance. Data of seven cancer cohorts were collected from FireBrowse. 54 gene sets implicated in specific pathways were browsed through MSig database. Profiling was assessed via Monocle3, while gene ontology through PANTHER. For confirmation, correlation analysis was performed using WGCNA. Protein-protein networks were visualized via Cytoscape and impact of genes on survival, as well as cell cycle or cytoskeleton-related prognostic signatures, was tested. Several differences in expression profile were identified, some of them allowed to distinguish histology. Functional annotation revealed that various regulation of cell cycle, adhesion, migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis underlie these differences. Clinical traits, such as histological type or cancer staging, were found during evaluation of module-trait relationships. Of modules, the TopHubs (COL6A3, TNR, GTF2A1, NKX3-1) interacted directly with, e.g., PDGFB, ITGA10, SP1 or AKT3. Among TopHubs and interacting proteins, many showed an impact on hazard ratio and affected the cell cycle or cytoskeleton-related prognostic signatures, e.g., COL1A1 or PDGFB. In conclusion, this study laid the foundation for further hormone-sensitive carcinogenesis research through identification of genes which prove that crosstalk between cell cycle and cytoskeleton exists, opening avenues for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Prażanowska
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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Pre-treatment circulating reproductive hormones levels predict pathological and survival outcomes in breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:899-910. [PMID: 35239089 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of pre-treatment circulating reproductive hormones levels with pathological and survival outcomes in breast cancer patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS Information from 196 premenopausal and 137 postmenopausal breast cancer patients who received NAC were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment response to NAC, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was estimated using logistic regression adjusted for key confounders. Survival outcomes with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI were estimated using Cox regression adjusted for key confounders. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied in the survival analysis. RESULTS Premenopausal patients with lower testosterone levels (OR = 0.996, 95% CI 0.992-0.999, P = 0.026), and postmenopausal patients with higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (OR = 1.045, 95% CI 1.014-1.077, P = 0.005) were likely to achieve pathological complete response (pCR). In multivariate survival analysis, the lowest tertile (T) progesterone was associated with worse overall survival (OS) in premenopausal patients (T2 vs T1, HR = 0.113, 95% CI 0.013-0.953, P = 0.045; T3 vs T1, HR = 0.109, 95% CI 0.013-0.916, P = 0.041). Premenopausal patients with the lowest tertile progesterone exhibited worse 3-year OS compared with those with higher tertiles (72.9% vs 97.4%, log-rank, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Pre-treatment testosterone and FSH are significant independent predictors for pCR to NAC in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients, respectively. Low progesterone levels are correlated with worse OS in premenopausal patients. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for pre-operative endocrine therapy combined with NAC in breast cancer.
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Zhang T, Shen Y, Guo Y, Yao J. Identification of key transcriptome biomarkers based on a vital gene module associated with pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14940-14967. [PMID: 34031265 PMCID: PMC8221319 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of transcriptome expression has been reported to play an increasingly significant role in AD. In this study, we firstly identified a vital gene module associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) using the WGCNA method. The vital module, named target module, was then employed for the identification of key transcriptome biomarkers. For coding RNA, GNA13 and GJA1 were identified as key biomarkers based on ROC analysis. As for non-coding RNA, MEG3, miR-106a-3p, and miR-24-3p were determined as key biomarkers based on analysis of a ceRNA network and ROC analysis. Experimental analyses firstly confirmed that GNA13, GJA1, and ROCK2, a downstream effector of GNA13, were all increased in 5XFAD mice, compared to littermate mice. Moreover, their expression was increased with aging in 5XFAD mice, as Aβ and p-tau pathology developed. Besides, the expression of key ncRNA biomarkers was verified to be decreased in 5XFAD mice. GSEA results indicated that GNA13 and GJA1 were respectively involved in ribosome and spliceosome dysfunction. MEG3, miR-106a-3p, and miR-24-3p were identified to be involved in MAPK pathway and PI3K-Akt pathway based on enrichment analysis. In summary, we identified several key transcriptome biomarkers, which promoted the prediction and diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hua R, Cheng J, Yang L, Zhang Z, Xu D, Chen H, Li Y, Duan J, Li X, Geng G, Liu J, Li Q. Development and characterization of in vitro self-assembled recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone originated from goat mammary epithelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 526:111211. [PMID: 33582214 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), composed of FSHα and FSHβ subunits, is essential for female follicle development and male spermatogenesis. The recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) products on the market are mainly generated from mammalian cells and are expensive. Large animal mammary gland bioreactors are urgently needed to produce large amounts of rhFSH. However, there are currently no effective methods to prepare rhFSH by large animals mainly due to the fact that excessive accumulation of FSH might cause many adverse effects in animals. We herein report the development and characterization of functional self-assembled rhFSH produced in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). FSHα and FSHβ stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were secreted into culture medium and well glycosylated. Importantly, FSHα and FSHβ expressed apart were able to assemble into functional FSH. We next inserted human FSHα or FSHβ gene separately into goat β-Lactoglobulin locus in GMECs by CRISPR/Cas9. Inactive FSHα and FSHβ subunits expressed from GMECs assembled into rhFSH as analyzed by His-tag pull down assay. Functional assessment of rhFSH by cAMP induction assay, mouse ovulation induction and rat ovarian weight gain experiments showed that the bioactivity of self-assembled rhFSH expressed by GMECs was comparable to that of Gonal-F both in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrated that FSHα and FSHβ can be separately expressed and assembled into functional rhFSH, and provided the basis for future preparing FSH by goat mammary gland bioreactor with less health problems on the producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmao Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jianyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dejun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Huali Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guoxia Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Hegde M, Joshi MB. Comprehensive analysis of regulation of DNA methyltransferase isoforms in human breast tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:937-971. [PMID: 33604794 PMCID: PMC7954751 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant reprogramming of epigenome is widely described during pathogenesis of breast cancer. Transformation of normal cell to hyperplastic cell and to neoplastic phenotype is associated with aberrant DNA (de)methylation, which, through promoter and enhancer methylation changes, activates oncogenes and silence tumor suppressor genes in variety of tumors including breast. DNA methylation, one of the major epigenetic mechanisms is catalyzed by evolutionarily conserved isoforms namely, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in humans. Over the years, studies have demonstrated intricate and complex regulation of DNMT isoforms at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The recent findings of allosteric regulation of DNMT isoforms and regulation by other interacting chromatin modifying proteins emphasizes functional integrity and their contribution for the development of breast cancer and progression. DNMT isoforms are regulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In the present review, we have extensively performed bioinformatics analysis of expression of DNMT isoforms along with their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators such as transcription factors, interacting proteins, hormones, cytokines and dietary elements along with their significance during pathogenesis of breast tumors. Our review manuscript provides a comprehensive understanding of key factors regulating DNMT isoforms in breast tumor pathology and documents unsolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Hua R, Liu J, Li Y, Fan Y, Zeng B, Geng G, Li Q. Novel Functional Recombinant Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Acquired from Goat Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2793-2804. [PMID: 33645971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An animal mammary bioreactor is regarded as an excellent biological system which is applied to produce large-scale recombinant proteins in milk. However, there are no effective methods to produce a large amount of some pharmaceutical proteins, such as human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), by large animal mammary gland bioreactors due to the fact that accumulation of excessive bioactive FSH might cause serious diseases in animals. Here, we report a novel strategy of preparing recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) from goat mammary glands, which could avoid the accumulation of bioactive FSH in goats. First, the single inactive FSHα and FSHβ subunits expressed in goat mammary epithelial cells and goat mammary glands were performed to reassemble in vitro and were found to self-assemble into a complete heterodimer rhFSH at 4 °C and pH 7.4. Further, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) induction assay showed that the cAMP levels in cell lysate of HEK 293/FSHR cells were increased by about 8-fold in reassembled rhFSH groups than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the reassembled rhFSH from goat mammary glands was comparable to that of the commercially available Gonal-F (P > 0.05). In addition, the increasing dose of reassembled rhFSH significantly promoted ovulation of mouse and ovary weight gain of Sprague Dawley rat compared with the control groups and maximum values were up to 3-fold (P < 0.01) and 2.8-fold (P < 0.01), respectively. The reassembled rhFSH showed a similar effect to Gonal-F in inducing expression of FSH target genes in vivo and activating the PI3K pathway in granulosa cells. Our study developed a novel method to produce rhFSH and provided the basis for preparing FSH by the goat mammary gland bioreactor with less health problems on the producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmao Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fan
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Guoxia Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
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10
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Mondaca JM, Uzair ID, Castro Guijarro AC, Flamini MI, Sanchez AM. Molecular Basis of LH Action on Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion via Kinase and Scaffold Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:630147. [PMID: 33614634 PMCID: PMC7893099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.630147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem affecting women worldwide. Approximately 80% of diagnosed cases are hormone-dependent breast cancers. These hormones are known to stimulate tumor development and progression. In this setting, tentative evidence suggests that luteinizing hormone (LH) may also play a role in tumors. In BC cells that express functional LH receptors (LHR), this hormone regulates cell migration and invasion by controlling several kinases that activate actin cytoskeletal proteins. In this article, we show that LH induces phosphorylation of paxillin and its translocation toward the plasmatic membrane, where focal adhesion complexes are assembled. This process is triggered via a rapid extra-gonadal LHR signaling to Src/FAK/paxillin, which results in the phosphorylation/activation of the nucleation promoter factors cortactin and N-WASP. As a consequence, Arp2/3 complexes induce actin polymerization, essential to promote cell adhesion, migration, and invasion, thus enhancing metastatic spread of tumoral cells. Our findings provide relevant information about how gonadotrophins exert their action in BC. This information helps us understand the extragonadal effects of LH on BC metastasis. It may provide new perspectives for therapeutic treatment, especially for women with high serum levels of gonadotrophins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselina Magali Mondaca
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ivonne Denise Uzair
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana Carla Castro Guijarro
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marina Inés Flamini
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Angel Matias Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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11
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Sayers NS, Anujan P, Yu HN, Palmer SS, Nautiyal J, Franks S, Hanyaloglu AC. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Induces Lipid Droplets via Gαi/o and β-Arrestin in an Endometrial Cancer Cell Line. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798866. [PMID: 35185785 PMCID: PMC8850301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and its G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR, represents a paradigm for receptor signaling systems that activate multiple and complex pathways. Classically, FSHR activates Gαs to increase intracellular levels of cAMP, but its ability to activate other G proteins, and β-arrestin-mediated signaling is well documented in many different cell systems. The pleiotropic signal capacity of FSHR offers a mechanism for how FSH drives multiple and dynamic downstream functions in both gonadal and non-gonadal cell types, including distinct diseases, and how signal bias may be achieved at a pharmacological and cell system-specific manner. In this study, we identify an additional mechanism of FSH-mediated signaling and downstream function in the endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cell line. While FSH did not induce increases in cAMP levels, this hormone potently activated pertussis toxin sensitive Gαi/o signaling. A selective allosteric FSHR ligand, B3, also activated Gαi/o signaling in these cells, supporting a role for receptor-mediated activation despite the low levels of FSHR mRNA. The low expression levels may attribute to the lack of Gαs/cAMP signaling as increasing FSHR expression resulted in FSH-mediated activation of the Gαs pathway. Unlike prior reports for FSH-mediated Gαs/cAMP signaling, FSH-mediated Gαi/o signaling was not affected by inhibition of dynamin-dependent receptor internalization. While chronic FSH did not alter cell viability, FSH was able to increase lipid droplet size. The β-arrestins are key adaptor proteins known to regulate FSHR signaling. Indeed, a rapid, FSH-dependent increase in interactions between β-arrestin1 and Gαi1 was observed via NanoBiT complementation in Ishikawa cells. Furthermore, both inhibition of Gαi/o signaling and siRNA knockdown of β-arrestin 1/2 significantly reduced FSH-induced lipid droplet accumulation, implying a role for a Gαi/o/β-arrestin complex in FSH functions in this cell type. As FSH/FSHR has been implicated in distinct hormone-dependent cancers, including endometrial cancer, analysis of the cancer genome database from 575 human endometrial adenocarcinoma tumors revealed that a subpopulation of samples expressed FSHR. Overall, this study highlights a novel mechanism for FSHR signal pleiotropy that may be exploited for future personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh S. Sayers
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Anujan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry N. Yu
- CanWell Pharma Inc., Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Stephen S. Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Franks
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aylin C. Hanyaloglu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Aylin C. Hanyaloglu,
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12
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Wu Y, Yuan MH, Wu HT, Chen WJ, Zhang ML, Ye QQ, Liu J, Zhang GJ. MicroRNA-488 inhibits proliferation and motility of tumor cells via downregulating FSCN1, modulated by Notch3 in breast carcinomas. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:912. [PMID: 33099573 PMCID: PMC7585581 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As important modulators in multiple physiological processes, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported in various malignant tumors, including breast cancer. The current study investigated the function of a new tumor suppressor microRNA, miR-488, and its molecular mechanism of metastasis in breast cancers. CCK8 and transwell assays revealed that the upregulated miR-488 level significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. As a potential downstream gene, the mRNA and protein level of FSCN1 was suppressed by increased miR-488 and vice versa. Luciferase assay showed that miR-488 directly bind to the 3'UTR of FSCN1 and suppressed the translation process of FSCN1. The promoter region of miR-488 was directly bound by Notch3 and promoted the expression of miR-488 transcriptionally. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that in patients with breast cancer, the expression of Notch3 and were negatively correlated with the FSCN1 levels significantly. Therefore, the current finding predicted miR-488 as a tumor suppressor molecule in breast cancer, and demonstrated that Notch3/miR-488/FSCN1 axis is established and involved in regulating the metastasis of breast cancers, providing novel therapeutic targets for patients with breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Ming-Heng Yuan
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Man-Li Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ye
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China.
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China.
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 361101 Xiamen, China.
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13
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Bergandi L, Canosa S, Pittatore G, Silvagno F, Doublier S, Gennarelli G, Benedetto C, Revelli A. Human recombinant FSH induces chemoresistance in human breast cancer cells via HIF-1α activation†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1521-1535. [PMID: 30939201 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients under 40 years of age who are candidate to chemotherapy with alkylating drugs may undergo controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rhFSH) in order to get fertility preservation by mature oocyte cryostorage. The direct effect(s) of exogenous rhFSH on the chemosensitivity of breast cancer is currently unknown. To clarify this issue, we incubated four different breast cancer cell lines with rhFSH (10 IU/L, 24 h) and then we exposed them to doxorubicin (DOX) or cyclophosphamide (CPA). The effect(s) of rhFSH on human breast cancer cells treated with DOX or CPA was measured in terms of (1) cell viability, (2) cytotoxicity, (3) multidrug resistance (MDR) genes and proteins expression and activities, and (4) hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) activation. Pretreatment with rhFSH significantly increased the viability of breast cancer cells after treatment with DOX or CPA, and reduced the lactate dehydrogenase leakage and reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, after preincubation with rhFSH, the MDR proteins (Pgp, MPR1, and BCRP) expression and activity resulted upregulated and the HIF-1α pathway activated. In addition, the use of a widely used HIF-1α inhibitor, the 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), prevented the rhFSH effect on the onset of MDR. Taken together, these observations suggest that a short exposure to rhFSH induces chemoresistance to DOX and CPA in human breast cancer cells via HIF-1α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergandi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Canosa
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, S. Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - G Pittatore
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, S. Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Doublier
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - G Gennarelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - C Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, S. Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Revelli
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, S. Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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14
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Bernhardt SM, Dasari P, Walsh D, Townsend AR, Price TJ, Ingman WV. Timing of breast cancer surgery during the menstrual cycle-is there an optimal time of the month? Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2045-2057. [PMID: 32782523 PMCID: PMC7400969 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An intriguing relationship between menstrual cycle phase at the time of breast cancer surgery and clinical outcomes was first proposed in the late 1980s. Despite a number of clinical studies conducted to address this, as well as meta-analyses and systematic reviews, there remains significant controversy surrounding the effect of menstrual cycle phase at time of surgery on the prognosis of premenopausal breast cancer. While some studies have suggested that surgery performed during the luteal phase results in the most favourable outcome, other studies report the follicular phase is more favourable, and others show no association. Given the conflicting results, there remains insufficient evidence to determine whether there is an optimal time of the month to perform surgery. This issue has dogged breast cancer surgery for decades; knowledge of an optimal time of the month to conduct surgery would be a simple approach to improving patient outcomes. This review explores the potential biological mechanisms through which the hormonal milieu might contribute to differences in prognosis, and why clinical findings are so variable. It is concluded that a significant problem with current clinical research is the lack of insight from mechanistic studies. While there are a number of plausible biological mechanisms that could lead to altered survival, supporting evidence is limited. There are also variable approaches to defining the menstrual cycle phase and hormone receptor status of the tumour and few studies controlled for prognostic factors such as tumour size and stage, or addressed the impact of adjuvant treatments. Elucidation of the specific confounding factors, as well as biological mechanistic pathways that could explain the potential relationship between timing of surgery and survival, will greatly assist in designing robust well-controlled prospective clinical studies to evaluate this paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bernhardt
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia.,The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Pallave Dasari
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia.,The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - David Walsh
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia
| | - Timothy J Price
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia.,The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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15
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Pei B, Li T, Qian Q, Fan W, He X, Zhu Y, Xu L. Downregulation of microRNA-30c-5p was responsible for cell migration and tumor metastasis via COTL1-mediated microfilament arrangement in breast cancer. Gland Surg 2020; 9:747-758. [PMID: 32775265 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer metastasis is the main problem that affects the therapy and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Studies have indicated the role of microRNAs in breast cancer regulation, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods In this study, we determined the expression of microRNA-30c-5p (miR-30c-5p) and coactosin-like protein 1 (COTL1) gene in breast cancer tissues, and revealed their effects on breast cancer metastasis regulation. Breast cancer and paracancerous tissues were collected. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression of miR-30c-5p and COTL1, and breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was employed to verify the relationship between miR-30c-5p and COTL1. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were used for proteins analysis and microfilament observation, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter gene was used for microRNA-gene interaction assay. Results The results showed that the expression of miR-30c-5p decreased, while the expression of COTL1 increased in breast cancer tissues. The results of luciferase reporting gene assay showed that, COTL1 was the target of miR-30c-5p. After miR-30c-5p was upregulated, the expression of COTL1 was reduced, microfilament arrangement was in disorder, and cell migration ability was inhibited. After miR-30c-5p was downregulated, the expression of COTL1 was increased, and the cell migration ability was enhanced. COTL1 protein expression levels were significantly higher in cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis. Conclusions These findings indicate that miR-30c-5p/COTL1 pathway regulates breast cancer metastasis and can be used as a potential therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Pei
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Xinglong Lance, Changzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | | | - Qi Qian
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Xinglong Lance, Changzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Xinglong Lance, Changzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xiao He
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Xinglong Lance, Changzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Xinglong Lance, Changzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Lingyun Xu
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Xinglong Lance, Changzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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16
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Bandyopadhayaya S, Ford B, Mandal CC. Cold-hearted: A case for cold stress in cancer risk. J Therm Biol 2020; 91:102608. [PMID: 32716858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A negative correlation exists between environmental temperature and cancer risk based on both epidemiological and statistical analyses. Previously, cold stress was reported to be an effective cause of tumorigenesis. Several studies have demonstrated that cold temperature serves as a potential risk factor in cancer development. Most recently, a link was demonstrated between the effects of extreme cold climate on cancer incidence, pinpointing its impact on tumour suppressor genes by causing mutation. The underlying mechanism behind cold stress and its association with tumorigenesis is not well understood. Hence, this review intends to shed light on the role of associated factors, genetic and/or non-genetic, which are modulated by cold temperature, and eventually influence tumorigenic potential. While scrutinizing the effect of cold exposure on the body, the expression of certain genes, e.g. uncoupled proteins and heat-shock proteins, were elevated. Biological chemicals such as norepinephrine, thyroxine, and cholesterol were also elevated. Brown adipose tissue, which plays an essential role in thermogenesis, displayed enhanced activity upon cold exposure. Adaptive measures are utilized by the body to tolerate the cold, and in doing so, invites both epigenetic and genetic changes. Unknowingly, these adaptive strategies give rise to a lethal outcome i.e., genesis of cancer. Concisely, this review attempts to draw a link between cold stress, genetic and epigenetic changes, and tumorigenesis and aspires to ascertain the mechanism behind cold temperature-mediated cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridget Ford
- Department of Biology, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, 78209, USA
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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17
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Luo J, Kong Z, Wang Y, Xie J, Liu J, Jin H, Cai X. Label-free Paper-based Immunosensor with Graphene Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Detection of Follicle-stimulating Hormone. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:2901-2904. [PMID: 30441007 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is an important indicator of ovarian reserve function in women in clinical testing. In this work, a label-free paper-based immunosensor was developed for electrochemical rapid detection of FSH. A hydrophilic channel surrounded with hydrophobic barriers was firstly fabricated on the chromatography paper by wax printing technology. Then three electrodes were screen-printed on the circle zones of the channel, in which one carbon electrode further modified by reduced graphene-oxide /thionine /gold nanoparticles nanocomposites and FSH monoclonal antibody was used as the working electrode to provide sensitivity of the immunosensor. The detection of FSH is based on the decreased electrochemical current of Thi produced from the specific binding of the FSH and anti-FSH, and the decrease of the current is proportional to the concentration of the FSH. The experimental results exhibited that the immunosensor could be used to detect the standard FSH in range of 1-100 mIU/mL with the detection limit of 1 mIU/mL. And the proposed immunosensor had been successfully applied to detect FSH in serum samples.
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18
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Zhong C, Yu J, Li D, Jiang K, Tang Y, Yang M, Shen H, Fang X, Ding K, Zheng S, Yuan Y. Zyxin as a potential cancer prognostic marker promotes the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15775-15789. [PMID: 30697742 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death. This study was conducted to investigate the functions and mechanisms of Zyxin (ZYX) in CRC. Multiomics analysis associated ZYX with CRC metastasis. ZYX expression levels were increased in human CRC tissues and related to shorter recurrence-free survival. Knockdown of ZYX expression resulted in inhibition of cell growth, invasion, and migration in vitro and in vivo. Comprehensive analysis of gene microarray analysis showed that ZYX may activate the pathway of NUPR1 and JNK, inhibit CST5, regulate focal adhesion (FA), and affect epithelial-mesenchymal transition in CRC cells. Results of gene microarray and membrane protein isobaric tags with relative and absolute quantitation labeling mass spectrometry found ten differentially expressed genes, which were associated with ZYX activity. Furthermore, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the expression patterns of selected genes in the integrative analysis. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that decreased expression level of ZYX impairs CRC cell proliferation and metastasis probably via the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhan Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Chinese National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiekai Yu
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Chinese National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Chinese National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Chinese National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Chinese National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Chinese National Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Lizneva D, Rahimova A, Kim SM, Atabiekov I, Javaid S, Alamoush B, Taneja C, Khan A, Sun L, Azziz R, Yuen T, Zaidi M. FSH Beyond Fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:136. [PMID: 30941099 PMCID: PMC6433784 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a reproductive hormone is changing. It has been shown that FSH receptors (FSHRs) are expressed in various extra-gonadal tissues and mediate the biological effects of FSH at those sites. Molecular, animal, epidemiologic, and clinical data suggest that elevated serum FSH may play a significant role in the evolution of bone loss and obesity, as well as contributing to cardiovascular and cancer risk. This review summarizes recent data on FSH action beyond reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Lizneva
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alina Rahimova
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Se-Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ihor Atabiekov
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Seher Javaid
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bateel Alamoush
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charit Taneja
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ayesha Khan
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Li Sun
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Academic Health and Hospital Affairs, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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20
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Luis C, Duarte F, Faria I, Jarak I, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Soares R, Fernandes R. Warburg Effect Inversion: Adiposity shifts central primary metabolism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Life Sci 2019; 223:38-46. [PMID: 30862570 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is a complex health disorder and a trigger to many diseases like Diabetes mellitus (DM) and breast cancer (BrCa), both leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Also evidence demonstrates that abnormal glucose metabolism termed 'the Warburg effect' in cancer cell is closely associated with malignant phenotypes and promote the aggressiveness of several types of cancer, including BrCa. In this study, we evaluated the breast cancer cell metabolism in normoglycemia, hyperglycemia and in an obesity condition in order to clarify the potential underlined mechanisms that link these disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS MCF-7 cells were exposed to low and high glucose levels, the latter either in the presence of 3T3-L1 adipocyte conditioned medium (CM), thus mimicking the adiposity observed in obese patients. Cell viability, migration, proliferation, cytotoxicity and cell death assays were performed under the different culture conditions. Hormonal and lipid profile were also characterized by biochemical assays and primary metabolism was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. RESULTS Our results show an increased aggressiveness in the condition mimicking diabetogenic obesity with an altered energy/lipid metabolism. Interestingly in the experimental obesity-mimicking status, lipids and amino acids were expended while glucose was produced by tumor cells from lactate. These findings reveal a shift on tumor cells metabolism that is opposite to 'the Warburg effect'. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this experimentally obesity-mimicking condition not only revealed an increased tumor proliferation and aggressiveness but also disclosed a new mechanism of cancer metabolism, the 'Warburg Effect Inversion'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luis
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Porto, Portugal; Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Porto, Portugal; CoreLab, Hospital Centre of Porto University (CHUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Coimbra; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain.
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Chrusciel M, Ponikwicka-Tyszko D, Wolczynski S, Huhtaniemi I, Rahman NA. Extragonadal FSHR Expression and Function-Is It Real? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:32. [PMID: 30778333 PMCID: PMC6369633 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), besides gonadal tissues, has recently been detected in several extragonadal normal and tumorous tissues, including different types of primary and metastatic cancer and tumor vessel endothelial cells (TVEC). The suggested FSH actions in extragonadal tissues include promotion of angiogenesis, myometrial contractility, skeletal integrity, and adipose tissue accumulation. Non-malignant cells within cancer tissue have been shown to be devoid of FSHR expression, which implies a potential role of FSHR as a diagnostic, prognostic, or even a therapeutic tool. There are shared issues between several of the published reports questioning the validity of some of the conclusion. Firstly, protein expression of FSHR was performed solely with immunohistochemistry (IHC) using either an unavailable "in house" FSHR323 monoclonal antibody or poorly validated polyclonal antibodies, usually without additional methodological quality control and confirmations. Secondly, there is discrepancy between the hardly traceable or absent FSHR gene amplification/transcript data and non-reciprocal strong FSHR protein immunoreactivity. Thirdly, the pharmacological high doses of recombinant FSH used in in vitro studies also jeopardizes the physiological or pathophysiological meaning of the findings. We performed in this review a critical analysis of the results presenting extragonadal expression of FSHR and FSH action, and provide a rationale for the validation of the reported results using additional more accurate and sensitive supplemental methods, including in vivo models and proper positive and negative controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Chrusciel
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Slawomir Wolczynski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nafis A. Rahman
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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22
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Dizeyi N, Trzybulska D, Al-Jebari Y, Huhtaniemi I, Lundberg Giwercman Y. Cell-based evidence regarding the role of FSH in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:290.e1-290.e8. [PMID: 30611646 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conversion of androgen-responsive prostate cancer (CaP) to castration-resistant CaP is associated with an acceleration of the disease that often requires treatment modalities other than androgen deprivation therapy only. Recently, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has been shown to play a role in CaP growth, and clinical data showed that high serum concentration of FSH in chemically castrated CaP patients was associated with a shorter time of progression to castration-resistant CaP. In this study, we sought to investigate if FSH could have direct effects on CaP cells, possibly through the androgen receptor and androgen receptor regulated genes, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The human CaP cell lines PC-3, LNCaP and C4-2, and nonmalignant PNT1A cells, were utilized to investigate the effects of FSH. qPCR, Western blotting analysis, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymetoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium assays were performed in order to analyze the FSH effects. RESULTS The FSH receptor was present in all cell lines except PNT1A. FSH significantly increased PSA mRNA (P < 0.01) and protein (P < 0.03) levels in C4-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In LNCaP cells, FSH also increased PSA protein level, although to a lesser extent than in C4-2 cells, and the expression was reduced by the antiandrogen enzalutamide. In PC-3 cells, FSH was shown to increase their proliferation (P < 0.03) and β-catenin expression. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that FSH may have a direct effect in CaP in an androgen-depleted environment. However, further research is needed to understand the significance of direct FSH action in the maintenance of CaP growth at the different phases of transition from androgen dependence to androgen independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtman Dizeyi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Dorota Trzybulska
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yahia Al-Jebari
- Department of Translational Medicine,Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Lundberg Giwercman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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23
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Ghinea N. Vascular Endothelial FSH Receptor, a Target of Interest for Cancer Therapy. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3268-3274. [PMID: 30113652 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Improved molecular understanding of tumor microenvironment has resulted in the identification of various cancer cell targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, including the receptor for the FSH, a glycoprotein hormone responsible for growth, maturation, and function of human reproductive system. The expression and localization of the FSH receptor (FSHR)-protein were associated with the tumor epithelial cells and/or with the peripheral tumor blood vessels. The available evidence indicates that in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, the tumor epithelial FSHR promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. The vascular endothelial FSHR, detected in 11 types of solid tumors and 11 types of sarcomas, is involved in receptor-mediated transendothelial transport of FSH, tumor angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. In contrast to intratumor vessels, which are abnormal and disorganized, the FSHR-positive blood microvessels are arranged in a hierarchical pattern: arterioles-capillaries-venules. The FSHR-positive blood vessels make connections between the intratumor vessels and the general blood circulation of patients. In this mini-review, I summarize these studies and discuss the rationale for developing a strategy for cancer therapy based on FSHR expressed on the luminal endothelial cell surface of blood vessels located in the peritumoral area rather than endothelial markers expressed in the core of tumors. Because FSHR is a common marker of peritumoral vessels, therapeutic agents coupled to anti-FSHR humanized antibodies should in principle be applicable to a wide range of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Ghinea
- Inserm-Tumor Angiogenesis Team, Translational Research Department, Curie Institute, Paris, France
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24
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Qin Y, Chen K, Gu W, Dong X, Lei R, Chang Y, Bai X, Xia S, Zeng L, Zhang J, Ma S, Li J, Li S, Xing G. Small size fullerenol nanoparticles suppress lung metastasis of breast cancer cell by disrupting actin dynamics. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:54. [PMID: 29935539 PMCID: PMC6015447 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients. Migratory breast cancer cells in lymphatic and blood vessels seek new sites and form metastatic colonies in the lung and bone, and then these cancer cells often wreak considerable havoc. With advances in nanotechnology, nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are widely applied in tumor therapy. In this paper, small size fullerenol nanoparticles, which are separated by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IFE) for discrepancy of isoelectric point (pI), are used in the study of tumor metastasis. RESULTS In this study, the commendable inhibition of tumor metastasis was uncovered by intravenous injection of purified fullerenol fraction with special surface charge and functional groups, which was separated by IFE for discrepancy of pI. By investigating the actin dynamics in several cancer cell lines, we found these small size fullerenol nanoparticles disturbed actin dynamics. Young's modulus detection and cell migration assays revealed that fullerenol lowered stiffness and restrained migration of breast cancer cells. Filopodia, the main supporting structures of actin bundles, are important for cell motility and adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy showed that fullerenol reduced the number and length of filopodia. Simultaneously, the inhibition of integrin to form clusters on filopodias, which was likely induced by reorganizing of actin cytoskeleton, impacted cancer cell adhesion and motility. CONCLUSIONS With intravenous injection of these fullerenol nanoparticles, tumor metastasis is well inhibited in vivo. The underlying mechanism most likely to be attributed to the effect of fullerenol nanoparticles on disturbing actin dynamics. With the disordered actin fiber, cell function is varied, including decreased cell stiffness, reduced filopodia formation, and inactivated integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Qin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Kui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yanan Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibo Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sihan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Gengmei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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Marlicz W, Poniewierska-Baran A, Rzeszotek S, Bartoszewski R, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Starzyńska T, Ratajczak MZ. A novel potential role of pituitary gonadotropins in the pathogenesis of human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189337. [PMID: 29494614 PMCID: PMC5832186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death in the western world, and its incidence increases with patient age. It is also known that with age there occur changes in the levels of certain hormones, including an increase in the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins (PtGs) as a result of the loss of gonadal hormone feedback. We recently reported that functional PtG receptors are expressed in human lung cancer cells, rhabdomyosarcoma cells, and malignant hematopoietic stem cells. Findings Here we report for the first time that the receptors for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are expressed in primary tumor samples isolated from CRC patients as well as in the established human CRC cell lines HTC116 and HTB37. Moreover, we also report that PtGs stimulate chemotaxis, adhesion, and proliferation of these cell lines. Conclusions Our results suggest that PtGs play an important and underappreciated role in CRC pathogenesis, and we call for further studies to better define their role in gastrointestinal malignancies and their direct effect on putative CRC cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail: (WM); (AP)
| | - Agata Poniewierska-Baran
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail: (WM); (AP)
| | - Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Starzyńska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States of America
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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Sanchez AM, Flamini MI, Zullino S, Russo E, Giannini A, Mannella P, Naccarato AG, Genazzani AR, Simoncini T. Regulatory Actions of LH and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on Breast Cancer Cells and Mammary Tumors in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:239. [PMID: 29867771 PMCID: PMC5964138 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadotrophins are mainly known to influence the body through the formation of gonadal steroids. However, receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) are present in a set of extra-gonadal tissues in humans and animals, but their functional relevance is uncertain. In this article, we present experimental evidence that, in T-47D breast cancer (BC) cells, FSH, and LH alter the expression of genes involved in adhesion, motility, and invasion through the activation of their receptors. Using miniarray technology we also found that LH influences the expression of a broad set of genes involved in cancer biology in T-47D cells. Interestingly, the regulatory actions of FSH and LH depend on the modality of exposure, with significant differences between pre-pubertal-like vs. post-menopausal-like amounts of gonadotrophins, but not after intermittent administration, representative of fertile life. We also studied the modulation of the circulating levels of gonadotrophins in an in vivo rat model of BC progression and observed a direct correlation with the extent of cancer growth. These results support the hypothesis that gonadotrophins may have direct effects on extra-gonadal tissues. They also highlight that gonadotrophins could potentially contribute to BC progression, particularly in post-menopausal women who typically have higher gonadotrophin levels. This research may ultimately lead to testing the use of gonadotrophin-modulating drugs in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Matias Sanchez
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Angel Matias Sanchez, ; Tommaso Simoncini,
| | - Marina Ines Flamini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sara Zullino
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Giannini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Mannella
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccardo Genazzani
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angel Matias Sanchez, ; Tommaso Simoncini,
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Moeker N, Peters S, Rauchenberger R, Ghinea N, Kunz C. Antibody Selection for Cancer Target Validation of FSH-Receptor in Immunohistochemical Settings. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:antib6040015. [PMID: 31548530 PMCID: PMC6698838 DOI: 10.3390/antib6040015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-receptor (FSHR) has been reported to be an attractive target for antibody therapy in human cancer. However, divergent immunohistochemical (IHC) findings have been reported for FSHR expression in tumor tissues, which could be due to the specificity of the antibodies used. METHODS Three frequently used antibodies (sc-7798, sc-13935, and FSHR323) were validated for their suitability in an immunohistochemical study for FSHR expression in different tissues. As quality control, two potential therapeutic anti-hFSHR Ylanthia® antibodies (Y010913, Y010916) were used. The specificity criteria for selection of antibodies were binding to native hFSHR of different sources, and no binding to non-related proteins. The ability of antibodies to stain the paraffin-embedded Flp-In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)/FSHR cells was tested after application of different epitope retrieval methods. RESULTS From the five tested anti-hFSHR antibodies, only Y010913, Y010916, and FSHR323 showed specific binding to native, cell-presented hFSHR. Since Ylanthia® antibodies were selected to specifically recognize native FSHR, as required for a potential therapeutic antibody candidate, FSHR323 was the only antibody to detect the receptor in IHC/histochemical settings on transfected cells, and at markedly lower, physiological concentrations (ex., in Sertoli cells of human testes). The pattern of FSH323 staining noticed for ovarian, prostatic, and renal adenocarcinomas indicated that FSHR was expressed mainly in the peripheral tumor blood vessels. CONCLUSION Of all published IHC antibodies tested, only antibody FSHR323 proved suitable for target validation of hFSHR in an IHC setting for cancer. Our studies could not confirm the previously reported FSHR overexpression in ovarian and prostate cancer cells. Instead, specific overexpression in peripheral tumor blood vessels could be confirmed after thorough validation of the antibodies used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Moeker
- MorphoSys AG, Discovery Alliance and Technologies, 82152 Planegg, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Solveig Peters
- MorphoSys AG, Discovery Alliance and Technologies, 82152 Planegg, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Robert Rauchenberger
- MorphoSys AG, Discovery Alliance and Technologies, 82152 Planegg, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Nicolae Ghinea
- Curie Institute, Inserm-Tumoral Angiogenesis Unit, Translational Research Department, Curie Hospital, 75005-Paris, France.
| | - Christian Kunz
- MorphoSys AG, Discovery Alliance and Technologies, 82152 Planegg, Bavaria, Germany.
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Li X, Chen W, Li P, Wei J, Cheng Y, Liu P, Yan Q, Xu X, Cui Y, Gu Z, Simoncini T, Fu X. Follicular Stimulating Hormone Accelerates Atherogenesis by Increasing Endothelial VCAM-1 Expression. Theranostics 2017; 7:4671-4688. [PMID: 29187895 PMCID: PMC5706091 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Postmenopausal atherosclerosis (AS) has for decades been attributed to estrogen deficiency. Although the follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels rise sharply in parallel, the direct effect of FSH on AS has never been investigated. In this study, we explored the possible role of FSH in the development of AS. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 48 healthy premenopausal and 15 postmenopausal women. ApoE knockout mice were used as atherosclerosis model and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured as cell model. Serum hormones and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were measured. Real-time PCR, histology for atherosclerotic lesions, immunofluorescence, luciferase assay, transfection experiments, flow chamber adhesion assay and western blot were performed. Results: In ApoE knockout mice, administration of FSH increased the atherosclerotic lesions and serum VCAM-1 concentration. Importantly, in blood samples of postmenopausal women, we detected significantly higher levels of FSH and VCAM-1 compared with those from premenopausal women, and there was a positive correlation between these two molecules. In cultured HUVECs, FSH receptor (FSHR) mRNA and protein expression were detected and FSH enhanced VCAM-1 expression. This effect was mediated by the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which was sequentially enhanced by the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade. FSH first enhanced GαS activity resulting in elevated cAMP level and PKA activity, which relayed the signals from FSHR to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade. Furthermore, FSHR was detected in endothelial caveolae fraction and interacted with caveolin-1 and GαS. The disruption of caveolae or the silencing of caveolin-1 blocked FSH effects on signaling activation and VCAM-1 expression, suggesting the existence of a functional signaling module in membrane caveolae. Finally, FSH increased human monocyte adhesion to HUVECs which was reversed by the VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody. Conclusion: FSHR was located in the membrane caveolae of HUVECs and FSH promoted VCAM-1 expression via FSHR/GαS /cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB pathway. This may contribute to the deleterious role of FSH in the development of AS in postmenopausal women.
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Huang SP, Liu PY, Kuo CJ, Chen CL, Lee WJ, Tsai YH, Lin YF. The Gαh-PLCδ1 signaling axis drives metastatic progression in triple-negative breast cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:114. [PMID: 28576130 PMCID: PMC5457652 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to other organs, e.g., the lungs, has been correlated with poor survival rates among breast cancer patients. Therefore, the identification of useful therapeutic targets to prevent metastasis or even inhibit tumor growth of TNBC is urgently needed. Gαh is a novel GTP-binding protein and known as an inactive form of calcium-dependent tissue transglutaminase. However, the functional consequences of transamidating and G-protein activities of tissue transglutaminase in promoting cancer metastasis are still controversial. METHODS Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to estimate the prognostic values of Gαh and PLCδ1 by utilizing public databases and performing immunohistochemical staining experiments. Cell-based invasion assays and in vivo lung colony-forming and orthotropic lung metastasis models were established to evaluate the effectiveness of interrupting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Gαh and PLCδ1 in inhibiting the invasive ability and metastatic potential of TNBC cells. RESULTS Here, we showed that the increased level of cytosolic, not extracellular, Gαh is a poor prognostic marker in breast cancer patients and correlates with the metastatic evolution of TNBC cells. Moreover, clinicopathological analyses revealed that the combined signature of high Gαh/PLCδ1 levels indicates worse prognosis in patients with breast cancer and correlates with lymph node metastasis of ER-negative breast cancer. Blocking the PPI of the Gαh/PLCδ1 complex by synthetically myristoylated PLCδ1 peptide corresponding to the Gαh-binding interface appeared to significantly suppress cellular invasiveness in vitro and inhibit lung metastatic colonies of TNBC cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes Gαh/PLCδ1 as a poor prognostic factor for patients with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers, including TNBCs, and provides therapeutic value by targeting the PPI of the Gαh/PLCδ1 complex to combat the metastatic progression of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Pen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Kuo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan.
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