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Johnson CS, Williams M, Sham K, Belluschi S, Ma W, Wang X, Lau WWY, Kaufmann KB, Krivdova G, Calderbank EF, Mende N, McLeod J, Mantica G, Li J, Grey-Wilson C, Drakopoulos M, Basheer S, Sinha S, Diamanti E, Basford C, Wilson NK, Howe SJ, Dick JE, Göttgens B, Green AR, Francis N, Laurenti E. Adaptation to ex vivo culture reduces human hematopoietic stem cell activity independently of the cell cycle. Blood 2024; 144:729-741. [PMID: 38805639 PMCID: PMC7616366 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Loss of long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) function ex vivo hampers the success of clinical protocols that rely on culture. However, the kinetics and mechanisms through which this occurs remain incompletely characterized. In this study, through time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing, matched in vivo functional analysis, and the use of a reversible in vitro system of early G1 arrest, we defined the sequence of transcriptional and functional events that occur during the first ex vivo division of human LT-HSCs. We demonstrated that the sharpest loss in LT-HSC repopulation capacity happens early on, between 6 and 24 hours of culture, before LT-HSCs commit to cell cycle progression. During this time window, LT-HSCs adapt to the culture environment, limit the global variability in gene expression, and transiently upregulate gene networks involved in signaling and stress responses. From 24 hours, LT-HSC progression past early G1 contributes to the establishment of differentiation programs in culture. However, contrary to the current assumptions, we demonstrated that the loss of HSC function ex vivo is independent of cell cycle progression. Finally, we showed that targeting LT-HSC adaptation to culture by inhibiting the early activation of JAK/STAT signaling improves HSC long-term repopulating function ex vivo. Collectively, our study demonstrated that controlling early LT-HSC adaptation to ex vivo culture, for example, via JAK inhibition, is critically important to improve HSC gene therapy and expansion protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carys S Johnson
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cell Process Development, Cell and Gene Therapy, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Williams
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kendig Sham
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Belluschi
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Winnie W Y Lau
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin B Kaufmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gabriela Krivdova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emily F Calderbank
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Mende
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica McLeod
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giovanna Mantica
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Li
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Grey-Wilson
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Drakopoulos
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shaaezmeen Basheer
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shubhankar Sinha
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelia Diamanti
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Basford
- Cell Process Development, Cell and Gene Therapy, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Howe
- Cell Process Development, Cell and Gene Therapy, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Francis
- Cell Process Development, Cell and Gene Therapy, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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2
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Hou X, Song S, Xu Z, Shi Y, Yang Y, Zhang L, Cui Y, Wang C, Lin Y. Prolactin upregulates amino acids uptake in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via LAT1. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00966-4. [PMID: 38945262 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The uptake of AA in mammary tissues is affected by prolactin (PRL). To investigate whether PRL-induced AA uptake is involved in L-type AA transporter 1 (LAT1), we analyzed the changes of AA in the medium of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells in the presence of PRL or PRL plus BCH, an inhibitor of LAT1. Then Western blot and luciferase assay were used to detect the regulation mechanism of PRL on LAT1 expression and function. Our results showed that Thr, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Lys, Phe, and His are LAT1 substrates and could be transported into mammary epithelial cells via LAT1. PRL stimulation increased the uptake of most AA into mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows, however, inhibition of LAT1 transport activity reduced PRL-induced AA uptake, suggesting that the effect of PRL on AA transport depends on LAT1 expression and function. PRL stimulation upregulated LAT1 expression and plasma membrane location not only in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells, but also in mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11. Western blot showed that PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling could be activated in PRL-stimulated mammary epithelial cells. Treatment of cells with LY294002 decreased PI3K-AKT-mTOR activation, as well LAT1 expression, that in turn decreased milk protein synthesis. Luciferase assay showed PRL treatment increased the promoter activity of LAT1 promoter fragment -419∼-86 bp. Treatment of cells with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, or SC79, an activator of AKT abolished or promoted the transcriptional activity of this promoter fragment in the presence of PRL. These results suggested that the -419∼-86 bp fragment of LAT1 promoter mediates the action of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling on LAT1 transcription in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows, which in turn increased LAT1 expression and AA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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3
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Shrestha H, Rädler PD, Dennaoui R, Wicker MN, Rajbhandari N, Sun Y, Peck AR, Vistisen K, Triplett AA, Beydoun R, Sterneck E, Saur D, Rui H, Wagner KU. The Janus kinase 1 is critical for pancreatic cancer initiation and progression. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114202. [PMID: 38733583 PMCID: PMC11194014 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-class inflammatory cytokines signal through the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and promote the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, the functions of specific intracellular signaling mediators in this process are less well defined. Using a ligand-controlled and pancreas-specific knockout in adult mice, we demonstrate in this study that JAK1 deficiency prevents the formation of KRASG12D-induced pancreatic tumors, and we establish that JAK1 is essential for the constitutive activation of STAT3, whose activation is a prominent characteristic of PDAC. We identify CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) as a biologically relevant downstream target of JAK1 signaling, which is upregulated in human PDAC. Reinstating the expression of C/EBPδ was sufficient to restore the growth of JAK1-deficient cancer cells as tumorspheres and in xenografted mice. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that JAK1 executes important functions of inflammatory cytokines through C/EBPδ and may serve as a molecular target for PDAC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridaya Shrestha
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Patrick D Rädler
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rayane Dennaoui
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Madison N Wicker
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nirakar Rajbhandari
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amy R Peck
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kerry Vistisen
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Aleata A Triplett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rafic Beydoun
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Esta Sterneck
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Dieter Saur
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Guo X, Zhao C, Yang R, Wang Y, Hu X. ABCD4 is associated with mammary gland development in mammals. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:494. [PMID: 38764031 PMCID: PMC11103957 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammary gland development is a critical process in mammals, crucial for their reproductive success and offspring nourishment. However, the functional roles of key candidate genes associated with teat number, including ABCD4, VRTN, PROX2, and DLST, in this developmental process remain elusive. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the dynamic expression patterns, functional implications, and regulatory networks of these candidate genes during mouse mammary gland development. RESULTS In this study, the spatial and temporal patterns of key genes were characterized in mammary gland development. Using time-series single-cell data, we uncovered differences in the expression of A bcd4, Vrtn, Prox2, and Dlst in cell population of the mammary gland during embryonic and adult stages, while Vrtn was not detected in any cells. We found that only overexpression and knockdown of Abcd4 could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of HC11 mammary epithelial cells, whereas Prox2 and Dlst had no significant effect on these cells. Using RNA-seq and qPCR, further analysis revealed that Abcd4 can induce widespread changes in the expression levels of genes involved in mammary gland development, such as Igfbp3, Ccl5, Tlr2, and Prlr, which were primarily associated with the MAPK, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-AKT pathways by functional enrichment. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed ABCD4 as a candidate gene pivotal for regulating mammary gland development and lactation during pregnancy by influencing PRLR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition &, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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5
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Ren W, Wang J, Zeng Y, Wang T, Meng J, Yao X. Transcriptome identification of differential mammary genes of Kazakh horses during early pregnancy. Gene 2024; 902:148189. [PMID: 38246578 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Kazakh mares have attracted widespread attention with their outstanding lactation traits. Lactation is a complex dynamic process regulated by multiple factors. The extensive application of transcriptome sequencing technology enables researchers to further explore this biological issue. This study selected three pregnant and three non-pregnant Kazakh mares as the research subject. Their mammary glands were taken for transcriptome sequencing. The results show that there are 9 lncRNAs and 122 mRNAs differentially expressed between the two groups. GO enrichment analysis shows that there are 175 molecular functions, 59 cellular components, and 555 biological processes, including cellular hormone metabolic process, hormone catabolic process, and I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. KEGG enrichment analysis exhibits that these differential genes are mainly enriched in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, breast cancer, ECM-receptor interaction, and MAPK signaling pathway. WNT4, DPP4, and NFKBIA are key nodes regulating breast activation. Conclusions: Through the comparative analysis of the transcriptome data of mammary tissues of pregnant and non-pregnant mares, relevant differentially expressed genes are screened and analyzed. This study provides valuable fundamental data for investigating candidate genes related to the lactation regulation and mammogenesis of Kazakh horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Ren
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yaqi Zeng
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Tongliang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Jun Meng
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Xinkui Yao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
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6
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Cheng C, Liang S, Yue K, Wu N, Li Z, Dong T, Dong X, Ling M, Jiang Q, Liu J, Huang XJ. STAT5 is essential for inducing the suppressive subset and attenuate cytotoxicity of Vδ2 + T cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216730. [PMID: 38360140 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Under the sustained exposure to tumor microenvironment, effector lymphocytes may transform into the suppressive populations. γδ T cells are recognized as a crucial mediator and effector of immune surveillance and thereby a promising candidate for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Emerging clinical studies implicate that some γδ T subsets play an important role in promoting tumor progression. Our previous study identified an abnormal Vδ2+ T cells subset with regulatory features (Reg-Vδ2) in the patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and demonstrated that Reg-Vδ2 cells significantly suppressed the anti-AML effects of effector Vδ2 cells (Eff-Vδ2). The molecular mechanism underlying the subset transformation of Vδ2 cells remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression and activity of STAT5 were significantly induced in Reg-Vδ2 cells compared with Eff-Vδ2 cells, which was consistent with the differences found in primary Vδ2 cells between AML patients and healthy donors. In-vitro experiments further indicated that STAT5 was required for the induction of Reg-Vδ2 cells. The combined immunophenotypical and functional assays showed that blockage of STAT5 alleviated the immunosuppressive effect of Reg-Vδ2 cells on Eff-Vδ2 cells and enhanced the anti-AML capacity of Vδ2 cells from health donors and AML patients. Collectively, these results suggest that STAT5 acts as a critical regulator in the transformation of effector Vδ2 cells into a subset with immunosuppressive characteristics, providing a potential target for the improvement the efficacy of γδ T cells-based immunotherapy to treat AML and other hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Cheng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (2019RU029), Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Keli Yue
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Zongru Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Dong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ling
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangying Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (2019RU029), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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7
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Liu Y, Zhen H, Wu X, Wang J, Luo Y, Hu J, Liu X, Li S, Li M, Shi B, Ren C, Gu Y, Hao Z. Molecular Characteristics of JAK2 and Its Effect on the Milk Fat and Casein Synthesis of Ovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4027. [PMID: 38612844 PMCID: PMC11012485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to its association with milk protein synthesis via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, JAK2 also affects milk fat synthesis. However, to date, there have been no reports on the effect of JAK2 on ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMECs), which directly determine milk yield and milk contents. In this study, the coding sequence (CDS) region of ovine JAK2 was cloned and identified and its tissue expression and localization in ovine mammary glands, as well as its effects on the viability, proliferation, and milk fat and casein levels of OMECs, were also investigated. The CDS region of ovine JAK2, 3399 bp in length, was cloned and its authenticity was validated by analyzing its sequence similarity with JAK2 sequences from other animal species using a phylogenetic tree. JAK2 was found to be expressed in six ovine tissues, with the highest expression being in the mammary gland. Over-expressed JAK2 and three groups of JAK2 interference sequences were successfully transfected into OMECs identified by immunofluorescence staining. When compared with the negative control (NC) group, the viability of OMECs was increased by 90.1% in the pcDNA3.1-JAK2 group. The over-expression of JAK2 also increased the number and ratio of EdU-labeled positive OMECs, as well as the expression levels of three cell proliferation marker genes. These findings show that JAK2 promotes the viability and proliferation of OMECs. Meanwhile, the triglyceride content in the over-expressed JAK2 group was 2.9-fold higher than the controls and the expression levels of four milk fat synthesis marker genes were also increased. These results indicate that JAK2 promotes milk fat synthesis. Over-expressed JAK2 significantly up-regulated the expression levels of casein alpha s2 (CSN1S2), casein beta (CSN2), and casein kappa (CSN3) but down-regulated casein alpha s1 (CSN1S1) expression. In contrast, small interfered JAK2 had the opposite effect to JAK2 over-expression on the viability, proliferation, and milk fat and milk protein synthesis of OMECs. In summary, these results demonstrate that JAK2 promotes the viability, proliferation, and milk fat synthesis of OMECs in addition to regulating casein expression in these cells. This study contributes to a better comprehension of the role of JAK2 in the lactation performance of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyun Hao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
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8
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Liu J, Wei X, Zhang Y, Ran Y, Qu B, Wang C, Zhao F, Zhang L. dCas9-guided demethylation of the AKT1 promoter improves milk protein synthesis in a bovine mastitis mammary gland epithelial model induced by using Staphylococcus aureus. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:300-310. [PMID: 38100153 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is among the main factors affecting milk quality and yield. Although DNA methylation is associated with mastitis, its role in mastitis remains unclear. In this study, a bovine mastitis mammary epithelial cells (BMMECs) model was established via Staphylococcus aureus infection of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs). Bisulfite sequencing PCR was used to determine the methylation status of the AKT1 promoter in BMMECs. We found that the degree of the AKT1 promoter methylation in BMMECs was significantly greater than that in BMECs, and the expression levels of genes related to milk protein synthesis were significantly decreased. We used the pdCas9-C-Tet1-SgRNA 2.0 system to regulate the methylation status of the AKT1 promoter. High-efficiency sgRNAs were screened and dCas9-guided AKT1 promoter demethylation vectors were constructed. Following transfection with the vectors, the degree of methylation of the AKT1 promoter was significantly reduced in BMMECs, while AKT1 protein levels increased. When the methylation level of the AKT1 promoter decreased, the synthesis of milk proteins and the expression levels of genes related to milk protein synthesis increased significantly. The viability of the BMMECs was enhanced. Taken together, these results indicate that demethylation guided by the pdCas9-C-Tet1-SgRNA 2.0 system on the AKT1 promoter can reactivate the expression of AKT1 and AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins by reducing the AKT1 promoter methylation level and promoting the recovery milk protein expression in BMMECs, thereby alleviating the symptoms of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangfei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yaoxiang Ran
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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9
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Driva TS, Schatz C, Haybaeck J. Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Carcinomas: How PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Affects Their Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1253. [PMID: 37627318 PMCID: PMC10452661 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell (OCCC) and endometrioid (EnOC) carcinomas are often subsumed under the umbrella term "endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer" (EAOC), since they frequently arise from ectopic endometrium settled in the ovaries. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is known to be aberrantly activated both in endometriosis and EAOC; however, its role in the progression of endometriosis to ovarian cancer remains unclear. In fact, cancer-associated alterations in the mTOR pathway may be found in normal uterine epithelium, likely acting as a first step towards ovarian cancer, through the intermediary stage of endometriosis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding mTOR signaling dysregulation in the uterine endometrium, endometriosis, and EAOC while focusing on the interconnections between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and other signaling molecules that give rise to synergistic molecular mechanisms triggering ovarian cancer development in the presence of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S. Driva
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Schatz
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Sun B, Zhou S, Yang H, Zhou J, Leng X, Zhang W, Zeng X. Tofacitinib as a possible treatment for arthritis in an APDS2 patient. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:e39-e41. [PMID: 35904543 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College.,Peking Union Medical College, M.D. Program
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Huaxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Leng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
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11
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Wang C, Li L, Wang F, Li X, Sun J, Li X, Lei T, Huang Q, Zhang G, Wang H, Li D, Jia J, Li C, Geng F, Yue J, Liu C. Single-cell transcriptomics dissects epithelial heterogeneity in HPV + cervical adenocarcinoma. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28480. [PMID: 36609919 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of epithelial cells in human papillomavirus (HPV+ ) cervical adenocarcinoma (CEAD) remains largely unknown. To investigate this issue, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 19 229 epithelial cells sorted from three tumor samples of three patients with HPV+ CEAD. Six epithelial subclusters (Epi1-Epi6) were identified that showed distinct gene expression. Among these, Epi1 and Epi4 had apparent tumor hallmarks and metabolic activities. Epi1 was highly enriched in hallmarks of hypoxia, IL2/STAT5 signaling, retinol metabolism, glycolysis, and arachidonic acid metabolism, while Epi4 was highly enriched in hallmarks of G2M checkpoint, E2F targets, DNA repair, PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling, glycolysis, fatty acid degradation, TCA cycle, and glutathione metabolism. We also investigated intertumoral epithelial heterogeneity and found that Patient 1 was highly enriched for KRAS signaling and angiogenesis, while Patient 2 was highly enriched for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β signaling, and Patient 3 was highly enriched for hypoxia, DNA repair, G2M checkpoint, and E2F targets. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we revealed the intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of epithelial cells in HPV+ CEAD, providing insights into the importance of personalized treatment for patients with HPV+ CEAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, China
| | - Fuhao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Jujie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyu Lei
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jue Jia
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinbo Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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12
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Xuan R, Wang J, Zhao X, Li Q, Wang Y, Du S, Duan Q, Guo Y, Ji Z, Chao T. Transcriptome Analysis of Goat Mammary Gland Tissue Reveals the Adaptive Strategies and Molecular Mechanisms of Lactation and Involution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214424. [PMID: 36430911 PMCID: PMC9693614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how genes precisely regulate lactation physiological activity and the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying mammary gland involution, this study investigated the transcriptome characteristics of goat mammary gland tissues at the late gestation (LG), early lactation (EL), peak lactation (PL), late lactation (LL), dry period (DP), and involution (IN) stages. A total of 13,083 differentially expressed transcripts were identified by mutual comparison of mammary gland tissues at six developmental stages. Genes related to cell growth, apoptosis, immunity, nutrient transport, synthesis, and metabolism make adaptive transcriptional changes to meet the needs of mammary lactation. Notably, platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) was screened as a hub gene of the mammary gland developmental network, which is highly expressed during the DP and IN. Overexpression of PDGFRB in vitro could slow down the G1/S phase arrest of goat mammary epithelial cell cycle and promote cell proliferation by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In addition, PDGFRB overexpression can also affect the expression of genes related to apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinase family, and vascular development, which is beneficial to the remodeling of mammary gland tissue during involution. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in lactation and mammary gland involution.
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13
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Jiang N, Wu C, Li Y, Liu J, Yuan Y, Shi H. Identification and profiling of microRNAs involved in the regenerative involution of mammary gland. Genomics 2022; 114:110442. [PMID: 35931275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative involution is important for the subsequent lactation, but molecular mechanism has not been revealed. The crucial miRNA in tissue development indicates that miRNAs might participate in regenerative involution. In the present study, the mammary tissues of the dairy goats (n = 3) were collected via biopsy at wk-8 (time to dry off), -6, -4, -1, and + 1 relative to lambing for the Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and miRNA sequencing. Alveolar structures collapsed during regenerative involution, but the structures remained intact and distended. Among the 50 miRNA expression trajectories categorized by short time-series expression miner, two significant patterns were clustered. The differentially expressed miRNAs in the two patterns were mainly related to the self-renewal of tissue and enriched in pathways containing vesical-mediated transport, tissue development, tube development, vasculature development and epithelial development. The identification of the miRNA will help in elucidating the regulatory roles of miRNAs in mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Jiang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Hengbo Shi
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, PR China.
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14
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Anhê GF, Bordin S. The adaptation of maternal energy metabolism to lactation and its underlying mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 553:111697. [PMID: 35690287 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal energy metabolism undergoes a singular adaptation during lactation that allows for the caloric enrichment of milk. Changes in the mammary gland, changes in the white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscles and endocrine pancreas are pivotal for this adaptation. The present review details the landmark studies describing the enzymatic modulation and the endocrine signals behind these metabolic changes. We will also update this perspective with data from recent studies showing transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that mediate the adaptation of the maternal metabolism to lactation. The present text will also bring experimental and observational data that describe the long-term consequences that short periods of lactation impose to maternal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Kang Y, Lin J, Wang L, Shen X, Li J, Wu A, Yue L, Wei L, Ye Y, Yang J, Wu J. Hirsutine, a novel megakaryopoiesis inducer, promotes thrombopoiesis via MEK/ERK/FOG1/TAL1 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154150. [PMID: 35569185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia (TP) remains a challenge in clinical hematology. TP may have serious consequences, such as recurrent skin and mucosal bleeding and increased risk of intracranial and internal organ hemorrhage. However, effective and safe therapeutic drugs for the long-term management of TP are still lacking. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify more effective active compounds for TP therapy. METHODS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was used to confirm the medicinal species and chemical structure of Hirsutine (HS). The proliferation of HS was examined by Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8) assay on cells lines. The effect of HS on megakaryocyte differentiation was analyzed by evaluating the expression of CD41, CD42b, and DNA ploidy via flow cytometry (FCM). The morphology of megakaryocytes and intermediate cells was observed using an optical microscope. K562 cells were then stained with Giemsa and benzidine. qRT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of GATA-1, GATA-2, FOG-1, TAL-1, RUNX-1, NF-E2, and KLF-1 in K562 cells. Protein levels of the transcription factors were analyzed by western blotting. An MEK inhibitor was used to verify the relationship between the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and CD41/CD42b (FCM), FOG-1, and TAL-1. The Kunming thrombocytopenia mouse model was established by X-ray irradiation (4 Gy) and used to test HS activity and related hematopoietic organ index in vivo. Finally, computer simulations of molecular docking were used to predict the binding energies between HS-MEK and HS-ERK. RESULTS We preliminarily identified HS by screening a plant-sourced compound library for natural compounds with megakaryocytic differentiation and maturation (MKD/MKM)-promoting activity. We found that HS not only enhanced MKD/MKM of K562 and Meg01 cells, but also suppressed the decline of peripheral platelet levels in X-ray-induced myelosuppressive mice. In addition, HS promoted MKD via activation of MEK-ERK-FOG1/TAL1 signaling, which may be the key molecular mechanism of HS action in TP treatment. Molecular docking simulations further verified that HS targets the signaling protein MEK with high-affinity. CONCLUSION In this study, we report for the first time that hirsutine boosts MKD/MKM through the MEK/ERK/FOG1/TAL1 signaling pathway and thus represents a promising treatment option for TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liuping Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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16
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Rosario R, Cui W, Anderson RA. Potential ovarian toxicity and infertility risk following targeted anti-cancer therapies. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:R147-R162. [PMID: 35928672 PMCID: PMC9346327 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike traditional chemotherapy agents which are generally cytotoxic to all cells, targeted anti-cancer therapies are designed to specifically target proliferation mechanisms in cancer cells but spare normal cells, resulting in high potency and reduced toxicity. There has therefore been a rapid increase in their development and use in clinical settings, including in curative-intent treatment regimens. However, the targets of some of these drugs including kinases, epigenetic regulatory proteins, DNA damage repair enzymes and proteasomes, have fundamental roles in governing normal ovarian physiology. Inhibiting their action could have significant consequences for ovarian function, with potentially long-lasting adverse effects which persist after cessation of treatment, but there is limited evidence of their effects on reproductive function. In this review, we will use literature that examines these pathways to infer the potential toxicity of targeted anti-cancer drugs on the ovary. Lay summary Compared to traditional chemotherapy agents, anti-cancer therapies are thought to be highly effective at targeting cancer cells but sparing normal cells, resulting in reduced drug side effects. However, many of processes within the cells that these drugs affect are also important for the ovary to work normally, so suppressing them in this way could have long-lasting implications for female fertility. This review examines the potential toxicity of anti-cancer therapies on the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne Rosario
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wanyuan Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Farhat SA, Jabbari F, Jabbari P, Rezaei N. Targeting signaling pathways involved in primordial follicle growth or dormancy: potential application in prevention of follicular loss and infertility. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:871-881. [PMID: 35658707 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2086042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the important causes of infertility in females. To date, no efficient preventive pharmacological treatment has been offered to prevent POF. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on strategies that provide a normal reproductive lifespan to females at risk of developing POF. AREAS COVERED Recently, attention has been drawn to discovering pathways involved in primordial follicle activation, as the inhibition of this process might maintain the stock of primordial follicles and therefore, prevent POF. In vitro and animal studies have resulted in the discovery of several of these pathways that can be used to develop new treatments for POF. These studies show crosstalk of these pathways at different levels. One of the important crossing points of many of these pathways involves anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). Herein, we discuss different aspects of this topic by reviewing related published articles indexed in PubMed and Web of Science as of December 2021. EXPERT OPINION Although the findings seem promising, most of the studies were conducted on animals, and the interaction between these factors and the possible outcomes of their administration in the long term are still unknown. Therefore, further investigation is necessary to assess these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ali Farhat
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forouq Jabbari
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Jabbari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Wakasa H, Tsugami Y, Koyama T, Han L, Nishimura T, Isobe N, Kobayashi K. Adverse Effects of High Temperature On Mammary Alveolar Development In Vitro. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:155-170. [PMID: 35581442 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammary glands during pregnancy, the alveolar buds are first branched from the mammary ducts after which they form the alveolar luminal structure for milk production postparturition. Body temperature could increase for several reasons, such as infectious disease and heat stress. We have previously reported that high temperature adversely effects on the lactation capacity of mouse mammary epithelial cells (MECs). However, it remains unclear how high temperature influences mammary morophogenesis during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the effects of high temperature on this mammary alveolar development process using two types of culture models including embedded organoids of MECs in Matrigel; these models reproduced mammary alveolar bud induction and alveolar luminal formation. Results showed that a culture temperature of 41 °C repressed alveolar bud induction and inhibited alveolar luminal formation. In addition, the treatment at 41 °C decreased the number of proliferating mammary epithelial cells but did not affect cell migration. Levels of phosphorylated Akt, -ERK1/2, -HSP90, and -HSP27 were increased in organoids cultured at 41 °C. The specific inhibitors of HSP90 and HSP27 exacerbated the disruption of organoids at 41 °C but not at 37 °C. Furthermore, the organoids precultured at 37 and 41 °C in the alveolar luminal formation model showed differences in the expression levels of caseins and tight junction proteins, which express in MECs in lactating mammary glands, after induction of MEC differentiation by prolactin and dexamethasone treatment in vitro. These results suggest that elevated temperature directly hinders mammary alveolar development; however, heat shock proteins may mitigate the adverse effects of high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Wakasa
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Tsugami
- Laboratory of Animal Histophysiology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4, Kagamiyama, 739-8528, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taku Koyama
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Liang Han
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Isobe
- Laboratory of Animal Histophysiology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4, Kagamiyama, 739-8528, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ken Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan.
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Grinman DY, Boras-Granic K, Takyar FM, Dann P, Hens JR, Marmol C, Lee J, Choi J, Chodosh LA, Sola MEG, Wysolmerski JJ. PTHrP induces STAT5 activation, secretory differentiation and accelerates mammary tumor development. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:30. [PMID: 35440032 PMCID: PMC9020078 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is required for embryonic breast development and has important functions during lactation, when it is produced by alveolar epithelial cells and secreted into the maternal circulation to mobilize skeletal calcium used for milk production. PTHrP is also produced by breast cancers, and GWAS studies suggest that it influences breast cancer risk. However, the exact functions of PTHrP in breast cancer biology remain unsettled. METHODS We developed a tetracycline-regulated, MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus)-driven model of PTHrP overexpression in mammary epithelial cells (Tet-PTHrP mice) and bred these mice with the MMTV-PyMT (polyoma middle tumor-antigen) breast cancer model to analyze the impact of PTHrP overexpression on normal mammary gland biology and in breast cancer progression. RESULTS Overexpression of PTHrP in luminal epithelial cells caused alveolar hyperplasia and secretory differentiation of the mammary epithelium with milk production. This was accompanied by activation of Stat5 and increased expression of E74-like factor-5 (Elf5) as well as a delay in post-lactation involution. In MMTV-PyMT mice, overexpression of PTHrP (Tet-PTHrP;PyMT mice) shortened tumor latency and accelerated tumor growth, ultimately reducing overall survival. Tumors overproducing PTHrP also displayed increased expression of nuclear pSTAT5 and Elf5, increased expression of markers of secretory differentiation and milk constituents, and histologically resembled secretory carcinomas of the breast. Overexpression of PTHrP within cells isolated from tumors, but not PTHrP exogenously added to cell culture media, led to activation of STAT5 and milk protein gene expression. In addition, neither ablating the Type 1 PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R) in epithelial cells nor treating Tet-PTHrP;PyMT mice with an anti-PTH1R antibody prevented secretory differentiation or altered tumor latency. These data suggest that PTHrP acts in a cell-autonomous, intracrine manner. Finally, expression of PTHrP in human breast cancers is associated with expression of genes involved in milk production and STAT5 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PTHrP promotes pathways leading to secretory differentiation and proliferation in both normal mammary epithelial cells and in breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Y Grinman
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA.
| | - Kata Boras-Granic
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | - Farzin M Takyar
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pamela Dann
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | - Julie R Hens
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | | | - Jongwon Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perlman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin E Garcia Sola
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John J Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
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20
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Flores-García LC, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Romero-Córdoba SL, Hernández-Juárez AJ, Naranjo-Meneses MA, García-García E, Méndez JP, Cabrera-Quintero AJ, Ramírez-Ruíz A, Pedraza-Sánchez S, Meraz-Cruz N, Vadillo-Ortega F, Zentella-Dehesa A. Sera from women with different metabolic and menopause states differentially regulate cell viability and Akt activation in a breast cancer in-vitro model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266073. [PMID: 35413055 PMCID: PMC9004774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased incidence and aggressiveness of breast cancer and is estimated to increment the development of this tumor by 50 to 86%. These associations are driven, in part, by changes in the serum molecules. Epidemiological studies have reported that Metformin reduces the incidence of obesity-associated cancer, probably by regulating the metabolic state. In this study, we evaluated in a breast cancer in-vitro model the activation of the IR-β/Akt/p70S6K pathway by exposure to human sera with different metabolic and hormonal characteristics. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of brief Metformin treatment on sera of obese postmenopausal women and its impact on Akt and NF-κB activation. We demonstrated that MCF-7 cells represent a robust cellular model to differentiate Akt pathway activation influenced by the stimulation with sera from obese women, resulting in increased cell viability rates compared to cells stimulated with sera from normal-weight women. In particular, stimulation with sera from postmenopausal obese women showed an increase in the phosphorylation of IR-β and Akt proteins. These effects were reversed after exposure of MCF-7 cells to sera from postmenopausal obese women with insulin resistance with Metformin treatment. Whereas sera from women without insulin resistance affected NF-κB regulation. We further demonstrated that sera from post-Metformin obese women induced an increase in p38 phosphorylation, independent of insulin resistance. Our results suggest a possible mechanism in which obesity-mediated serum molecules could enhance the development of luminal A-breast cancer by increasing Akt activation. Further, we provided evidence that the phenomenon was reversed by Metformin treatment in a subgroup of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Flores-García
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L. Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, IIBO, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra L. Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, IIBO, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo J. Hernández-Juárez
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María A. Naranjo-Meneses
- Clínica de Obesidad y Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo García-García
- Clínica de Obesidad y Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto J. Cabrera-Quintero
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ramírez-Ruíz
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sigifredo Pedraza-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemi Meraz-Cruz
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, IIBO, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Mumtaz PT, Bhat B, Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Taban Q, Wang M, Dar MA, Bhat SA, Shabir N, Shah RA, Ganie NA, Velayutham D, Haq ZU, Ahmad SM. Mammary epithelial cell transcriptome reveals potential roles of lncRNAs in regulating milk synthesis pathways in Jersey and Kashmiri cattle. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:176. [PMID: 35246027 PMCID: PMC8896326 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are now proven as essential regulatory elements, playing diverse roles in many biological processes including mammary gland development. However, little is known about their roles in the bovine lactation process. Results To identify and characterize the roles of lncRNAs in bovine lactation, high throughput RNA sequencing data from Jersey (high milk yield producer), and Kashmiri cattle (low milk yield producer) were utilized. Transcriptome data from three Kashmiri and three Jersey cattle throughout their lactation stages were utilized for differential expression analysis. At each stage (early, mid and late) three samples were taken from each breed. A total of 45 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified between the three stages of lactation. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were found co-expressed with genes involved in the milk synthesis processes such as GPAM, LPL, and ABCG2 indicating their potential regulatory effects on milk quality genes. KEGG pathways analysis of potential cis and trans target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs indicated that 27 and 48 pathways were significantly enriched between the three stages of lactation in Kashmiri and Jersey respectively, including mTOR signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, and RAP1 signaling pathways. These pathways are known to play key roles in lactation biology and mammary gland development. Conclusions Expression profiles of lncRNAs across different lactation stages in Jersey and Kashmiri cattle provide a valuable resource for the study of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the lactation process as well as facilitate understanding of the role of lncRNAs in bovine lactation biology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08406-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Jammu, 190006, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Division of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Jammu, India
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qamar Taban
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Jammu, 190006, India
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Jammu, 190006, India
| | - Shakil Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Jammu, 190006, India
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Jammu, 190006, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Jammu, 190006, India
| | - Nazir A Ganie
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Jammu, 190006, India
| | | | - Zulfqar Ul Haq
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Jammu, 190006, India.
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22
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Xuan R, Chao T, Zhao X, Wang A, Chu Y, Li Q, Zhao Y, Ji Z, Wang J. Transcriptome profiling of the nonlactating mammary glands of dairy goats reveals the molecular genetic mechanism of mammary cell remodeling. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5238-5260. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Mutation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) Binding Sites Decreases Milk Allergen α S1-Casein Content in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030346. [PMID: 35159497 PMCID: PMC8834060 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
αS1-Casein (encoded by the CSN1S1 gene) is associated with food allergy more than other milk protein components. Milk allergy caused by αS1-casein is derived from cow milk, goat milk and other ruminant milk. However, little is known about the transcription regulation of αS1-casein synthesis in dairy goats. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) on αS1-casein in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC). Deletion analysis showed that the core promoter region of CSN1S1 was located at −110 to −18 bp upstream of transcription start site, which contained two putative STAT5 binding sites (gamma-interferon activation site, GAS). Overexpression of STAT5a gene upregulated the mRNA level and the promoter activity of the CSN1S1 gene, and STAT5 inhibitor decreased phosphorylated STAT5 in the nucleus and CSN1S1 transcription activity. Further, GAS site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that GAS1 and GAS2 sites in the CSN1S1 promoter core region were binding sites of STAT5. Taken together, STAT5 directly regulates CSN1S1 transcription by GAS1 and GAS2 sites in GMEC, and the mutation of STAT5 binding sites could downregulate CSN1S1 expression and decrease αS1-casein synthesis, which provide the novel strategy for reducing the allergic potential of goat milk and improving milk quality in ruminants.
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24
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Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030552. [PMID: 35158821 PMCID: PMC8833582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. We also recognized the value of the re-evaluation of the disease-specific roles of multiple pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers-as well as the application of data from single-cell RNA sequencing in the success of future drug discovery endeavors.
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25
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Vallone SA, Solá MG, Schere-Levy C, Meiss RP, Hermida GN, Chodosh LA, Kordon EC, Hynes NE, Gattelli A. Aberrant RET expression impacts on normal mammary gland post-lactation transition enhancing cancer potential. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274874. [PMID: 35044452 PMCID: PMC8990024 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RET is a receptor tyrosine kinase with oncogenic potential in the mammary epithelium. Several receptors with oncogenic activity in the breast are known to participate in specific developmental stages. We found that RET is differentially expressed during mouse mammary gland development: RET is present in lactation and its expression dramatically decreases in involution, the period during which the lactating gland returns to a quiescent state after weaning. Based on epidemiological and pre-clinical findings, involution has been described as tumor promoting. Using the Ret/MTB doxycycline-inducible mouse transgenic system, we show that sustained expression of RET in the mammary epithelium during the post-lactation transition to involution is accompanied by alterations in tissue remodeling and an enhancement of cancer potential. Following constitutive Ret expression, we observed a significant increase in neoplastic lesions in the post-involuting versus the virgin mammary gland. Furthermore, we show that abnormal RET overexpression during lactation promotes factors that prime involution, including premature activation of Stat3 signaling and, using RNA sequencing, an acute-phase inflammatory signature. Our results demonstrate that RET overexpression negatively affects the normal post-lactation transition. Summary: We show that RET activation stimulates Stat3 signaling in mammary epithelial cell culture and in vivo during post-lactation transition, demonstrating that the RET receptor participates in the post-lactation transition priming tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A. Vallone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín García Solá
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Schere-Levy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto P. Meiss
- Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Av. Gral. Las Heras 3092, C1425ASU CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gladys N. Hermida
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Biología de Anfibios-Histología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lewis A. Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (Upenn), 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Edith C. Kordon
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy E. Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albana Gattelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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27
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Hu X, Li J, Fu M, Zhao X, Wang W. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:402. [PMID: 34824210 PMCID: PMC8617206 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 755] [Impact Index Per Article: 251.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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28
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Jesser EA, Brady NJ, Huggins DN, Witschen PM, O'Connor CH, Schwertfeger KL. STAT5 is activated in macrophages by breast cancer cell-derived factors and regulates macrophage function in the tumor microenvironment. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:104. [PMID: 34743736 PMCID: PMC8573892 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In breast cancer, complex interactions between tumor cells and cells within the surrounding stroma, such as macrophages, are critical for tumor growth, progression, and therapeutic response. Recent studies have highlighted the complex nature and heterogeneous populations of macrophages associated with both tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting phenotypes. Defining the pathways that drive macrophage function is important for understanding their complex phenotypes within the tumor microenvironment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, such as STAT5, are key regulators of immune cell function. The studies described here investigate the functional contributions of STAT5 to tumor-associated macrophage function in breast cancer. METHODS Initial studies were performed using a panel of human breast cancer and mouse mammary tumor cell lines to determine the ability of tumor cell-derived factors to induce STAT5 activation in macrophages. Further studies used these models to identify soluble factors that activate STAT5 in macrophages. To delineate STAT5-specific contributions to macrophage function, a conditional model of myeloid STAT5 deletion was used for in vitro, RNA-sequencing, and in vivo studies. The effects of STAT5 deletion in macrophages on tumor cell migration and metastasis were evaluated using in vitro co-culture migration assays and an in vivo tumor cell-macrophage co-injection model. RESULTS We demonstrate here that STAT5 is robustly activated in macrophages by tumor cell-derived factors and that GM-CSF is a key cytokine stimulating this pathway. The analysis of RNA-seq studies reveals that STAT5 promotes expression of immune stimulatory genes in macrophages and that loss of STAT5 in macrophages results in increased expression of tissue remodeling factors. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of STAT5 in macrophages promotes tumor cell migration in vitro and mammary tumor metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer cells produce soluble factors, such as GM-CSF, that activate the STAT5 pathway in macrophages and drive expression of inflammatory factors. STAT5 deletion in myeloid cells enhances metastasis, suggesting that STAT5 activation in tumor-associated macrophages protects against tumor progression. Understanding mechanisms that drive macrophage function in the tumor microenvironment will ultimately lead to new approaches that suppress tumor-promoting functions while enhancing their anti-tumor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Jesser
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brady
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Danielle N Huggins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 6Th St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patrice M Witschen
- Comparative and Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Christine H O'Connor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 6Th St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 6Th St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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Kaboli PJ, Imani S, Jomhori M, Ling KH. Chemoresistance in breast cancer: PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors vs the current chemotherapy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5155-5183. [PMID: 34765318 PMCID: PMC8569340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women. Several types of drugs, targeting the specific proteins expressed on the breast cancer cell surface (such as receptor tyrosine kinases and immune checkpoint regulators) and proteins involved in cell cycle and motility (including cyclin-dependent kinases, DNA stabilisers, and cytoskeleton modulators) are approved for different subtypes of breast cancer. However, breast cancer also has a poor response to conventional chemotherapy due to intrinsic and acquired resistance, and an Akt fingerprint is detectable in most drug-resistant cases. Overactivation of Akt and its upstream and downstream regulators in resistant breast cancer cells is considered a major potential target for novel anti-cancer therapies, suggesting that Akt signalling acts as a cellular mechanism against chemotherapy. The present review has shown that sustained activation of Akt results in resistance to different types of chemotherapy. Akt signalling plays a cellular defence role against chemotherapy and (1) enhances multi-drug resistance, (2) increases reactive oxygen species at breast tumor microenvironment, (3) enhances anaerobic metabolism, (4) inhibits the tricarboxylic cycle, (5) promotes PD-L1 upregulation, (6) inhibits apoptosis, (7) increases glucose uptake, and more importantly (8) recruits and interconnects the plasma membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria to hijack breast cancer cells and rescue these cells from chemotherapy. Therefore, Akt signalling is considered a cellular defence mechanism employed against chemotherapeutic effects. In addition, interfering roles of PI3K/Akt signalling on the current cytotoxic and molecularly targeted therapy as well as immunotherapy of breast cancer are discussed with a clinical approach. Although, alpelisib, a PIK3CA inhibitor, is the only PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor approved for breast cancer, we also highlight well-evaluated inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signalling based on different subtypes of breast cancer, which are under clinical trials whether as monotherapy or in combination with other types of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou, Sichuan 646000, P. R. China
| | - Masume Jomhori
- Department of Biotechnology Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteMashhad, Iran
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA
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Determination of Genetic and Epigenetic Modifications-Related Prognostic Biomarkers of Breast Cancer: Genome High-Throughput Data Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:2143362. [PMID: 34557230 PMCID: PMC8455195 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2143362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The high heterogeneity of breast cancer (BRCA) makes it more challenging to interpret the genetic variation mechanisms involved in BRCA pathogenesis and prognosis. Areas with high DNA methylation (such as CpG islands) were accompanied by copy number variation (CNV), and these genomic variations affected the level of DNA methylation. In this study, we characterized intertumor heterogeneity and analyzed the effects of CNV on DNA methylation and gene expression. In addition, we performed a Genetic Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify key pathways for changes between patients with low and high expression of genes. Our analysis found two key genes, namely, HPDL and SOX17. The protein expressed by HPDL is 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like protein, which has dioxygenase activity. SOX17 is a transcription factor that can inhibit Wnt signaling, promote the degradation of activated CTNNB1, and participate in cell proliferation. Our analysis found that the CNV of HPDL and SOX17 is not only related to the patient's prognosis, but also related to gene methylation and expression levels affecting the patient's survival time. Among them, the high-methylation, low-expression HPDL and SOX17 showed poor prognosis. And the addition of two copies of SOX17 is associated with a lower survival rate, while a decrease in the copy number of HPDL also suggests a poor prognosis. This study provided an effective bioinformatics basis for further exploration of molecular mechanisms related to BRCA and assessment of patient prognosis, but the development of biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment still requires further clinical data validation.
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Frost ER, Ford EA, Peters AE, Reed NL, McLaughlin EA, Baker MA, Lovell-Badge R, Sutherland JM. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 are expressed in the human ovary and have Janus kinase 1-independent functions in the COV434 human granulosa cell line. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:1027-1039. [PMID: 32758351 DOI: 10.1071/rd20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cells are fundamental for oocyte maintenance and maturation. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of members of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway in the granulosa cell population of mouse and horse ovaries, with perturbation of JAK1 signalling in the mouse shown to impair oocyte maintenance and accelerate primordial follicle activation. The presence and role of the JAK/STAT pathway in human granulosa cells has yet to be elucidated. In this study, expression of JAK1, STAT1 and STAT3 was detected in oocytes and granulosa cells of human ovarian sections from fetal (40 weeks gestation) and premenopausal ovaries (34-41 years of age; n=3). To determine the effects of JAK1 signalling in granulosa cells, the human granulosa-like cell line COV434 was used, with JAK1 inhibition using ruxolitinib. Chemical inhibition of JAK1 in COV434 cells with 100nM ruxolitinib for 72h resulted in significant increases in STAT3 mRNA (P=0.034) and p-Y701-STAT1 protein (P=0.0117), demonstrating a role for JAK1 in modulating STAT in granulosa cells. This study implicates a conserved role for JAK/STAT signalling in human ovary development, warranting further investigation of this pathway in human granulosa cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Frost
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; and Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; and Corresponding author.
| | - E A Ford
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - A E Peters
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - N L Reed
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - E A McLaughlin
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; and School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - M A Baker
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - R Lovell-Badge
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - J M Sutherland
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Laka K, Mapheto K, Mbita Z. Selective in vitro cytotoxicity effect of Drimia calcarata bulb extracts against p53 mutant HT-29 and p53 wild-type Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells through STAT5B regulation. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1265-1279. [PMID: 34195018 PMCID: PMC8233163 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of oncological-related deaths and the third most diagnosed malignancy, worldwide. The emergence of chemoresistance is a fundamental drawback of colorectal cancer therapies and there is an urgent need for novel plant-derived therapeutics. In this regard, other compounds are needed to improve the efficacy of treatment against colorectal cancer. Medicinal plants have been effectively used by traditional doctors for decades to treat various ailments with little to no side effects. Drimia calcarata (D. calcarata) is one of the plants used by Pedi people in South Africa to treat a plethora of ailments. However, the anticancer therapeutic use of D. calcarata is less understood. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the potential anticancer activities of D. calcarata extracts against human colorectal cancer cells. The phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity were analysed using LC-MS, DPPH, and FRAP. The inhibitory effects and IC50 values of D. calcarata extracts were determined using the MTT assay. Induction of cellular apoptosis was assessed using fluorescence microscopy, the Muse® Cell Analyser, and gene expression analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Water extract (WE) demonstrated high phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid contents than the methanol extract (ME). LC-MS data demonstrated strong differences between the ME and WE. Moreover, WE showed the best antioxidant activity than ME. The MTT data showed that both ME and WE had no significant activity against human embryonic kidney Hek 293 cell line that served as non-cancer control cells. Caco-2 cells demonstrated high sensitivity to the ME and demonstrated resistance toward the WE, while HT-29 cells exhibited sensitivity to both D. calcarata extracts. The expression of apoptosis regulatory genes assessed by PCR revealed an upregulation of p53 by ME, accompanied by downregulation of Bcl-2 and high expression of Bax after treatment with curcumin. The Bax gene was undetected in HT-29 cells. The methanol extract induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in colorectal Caco-2 and HT-29 cells and WE induced the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in HT-29 cells. ME downregulated STAT1, 3, and 5B in HT-29 cells. The D. calcarata bulb extracts, therefore, contain potential anticancer agents that can be further targeted for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Laka
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - K.B.F. Mapheto
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Z. Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, Polokwane, South Africa
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Goswami S, Balasubramanian I, D'Agostino L, Bandyopadhyay S, Patel R, Avasthi S, Yu S, Goldenring JR, Bonder EM, Gao N. RAB11A-mediated YAP localization to adherens and tight junctions is essential for colonic epithelial integrity. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100848. [PMID: 34058200 PMCID: PMC8254046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the intestinal epithelium, regulation of intracellular protein and vesicular trafficking is of utmost importance for barrier maintenance, immune responses, and tissue polarity. RAB11A is a small GTPase that mediates the anterograde transport of protein cargos to the plasma membrane. Loss of RAB11A-dependent trafficking in mature intestinal epithelial cells results in increased epithelial proliferation and nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key Hippo-signaling transducer that senses cell–cell contacts and regulates tissue growth. However, it is unclear how RAB11A regulates YAP intracellular localizations. In this report, we examined the relationship of RAB11A to epithelial junctional complexes, YAP, and the associated consequences on colonic epithelial tissue repair. We found that RAB11A controls the biochemical associations of YAP with multiple components of adherens and tight junctions, including α-catenin, β-catenin, and Merlin, a tumor suppressor. In the absence of RAB11A and Merlin, we observed enhanced YAP–β-catenin complex formation and nuclear translocation. Upon chemical injury to the intestine, mice deficient in RAB11A were found to have reduced epithelial integrity, decreased YAP localization to adherens and tight junctions, and increased nuclear YAP accumulation in the colon epithelium. Thus, RAB11A-regulated trafficking regulates the Hippo–YAP signaling pathway for rapid reparative response after tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Goswami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Luca D'Agostino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Radha Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shail Avasthi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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Wurtz T. Nested information processing in the living world. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1500:5-16. [PMID: 34042190 PMCID: PMC8518751 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms create, copy, and make use of information, the content depending on the level of organization. In cells, a network of signal chain proteins regulates gene expression and other cell functions. Incoming information is encoded through signal reception, processed by the network, and decoded by the synthesis of new gene products and other biological functions. Signaling proteins represent nodes, and signal transmission proceeds via allosteric binding, chemical and structural modifications, synthesis, sequestering, and degradation. The induction of the gene caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) in the mammalian preimplantation embryo is outlined as a demonstration of this concept. CDX2 is involved in the decision of cells to enter the trophoblast lineage. Two signal chains are coordinated into an information processing model with the help of logic gates. The model introduces a formal structure that incorporates experimental and morphological data. Above the cell level, information flow relates to tissue formation and functioning, and whole cells play the role of network nodes. This is described for the anatomical patterning of bone with implications for bone formation and homeostasis. The information usage in cells and tissues is set into a context of the nervous system and the interaction of human individuals in societies, both established scenes of information processing.
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Kontio JAJ, Pyhäjärvi T, Sillanpää MJ. Model guided trait-specific co-expression network estimation as a new perspective for identifying molecular interactions and pathways. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008960. [PMID: 33939702 PMCID: PMC8118548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of 1) parametric regression models and 2) co-expression networks have been developed for finding gene-by-gene interactions underlying complex traits from expression data. While both methodological schemes have their own well-known benefits, little is known about their synergistic potential. Our study introduces their methodological fusion that cross-exploits the strengths of individual approaches via a built-in information-sharing mechanism. This fusion is theoretically based on certain trait-conditioned dependency patterns between two genes depending on their role in the underlying parametric model. Resulting trait-specific co-expression network estimation method 1) serves to enhance the interpretation of biological networks in a parametric sense, and 2) exploits the underlying parametric model itself in the estimation process. To also account for the substantial amount of intrinsic noise and collinearities, often entailed by expression data, a tailored co-expression measure is introduced along with this framework to alleviate related computational problems. A remarkable advance over the reference methods in simulated scenarios substantiate the method's high-efficiency. As proof-of-concept, this synergistic approach is successfully applied in survival analysis, with acute myeloid leukemia data, further highlighting the framework's versatility and broad practical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho A. J. Kontio
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tanja Pyhäjärvi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko J. Sillanpää
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Decoding signaling pathways involved in prolactin-induced neuroprotection: A review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100913. [PMID: 33766566 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that prolactin (PRL), a pleiotropic hormone, has many functions in the brain, such as maternal behavior, neurogenesis, and neuronal plasticity, among others. Recently, it has been reported to have a significant role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity. Glutamate excitotoxicity is a common alteration in many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, leading to neuronal death. In this sense, several efforts have been made to decrease the progression of these pathologies. Despite various reports of PRL's neuroprotective effect against excitotoxicity, the signaling pathways that underlie this mechanism remain unclear. This review aims to describe the most recent and relevant studies on the molecular signaling pathways, particularly, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and JAK2/STAT5, which are currently under investigation and might be implicated in the molecular mechanisms that explain the PRL effects against excitotoxicity and neuroprotection. Remarkable neuroprotective effects of PRL might be useful in the treatment of some neurological diseases.
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Havusha-Laufer S, Kosenko A, Kisliouk T, Barash I. H2AX Promoter Demethylation at Specific Sites Plays a Role in STAT5-Induced Tumorigenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:205-218. [PMID: 32748326 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated STAT5 activity in the mammary gland of transgenic mice results in parity-dependent latent tumorigenesis. The trigger for cell transformation was previously associated with hyperactivation of the H2AX proximal promoter in a small basal cell population during pregnancy. The current study focuses on the latent activation of tumor development. H2AX was highly expressed in carcinoma and adenocarcinoma as compared to the multiparous mammary gland, whereas pSTAT5 expression decreased in a tumor type-dependent manner. In contrast to the pregnant gland, no positive correlation between H2AX and pSTAT5 expression could be defined in carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Using targeted methylation analysis, the methylation profile of the H2AX promoter was characterized in the intact gland and tumors. Average H2AX promoter methylation in the tumors was relatively high (~90%), but did not exceed that of the multiparous gland; 5mC methylation was higher in the differentiated tumors and negatively correlated with its oxidative product 5hmC and H2AX expression. Individual analysis of 25 H2AX promoter-methylation sites revealed two consecutive CpGs at positions -77 and - 54 that were actively demethylated in the multiparous gland, but not in their age-matched virgin counterpart. The different methylation profiles at these sites distinguished tumor types and may assume a prognostic role. In-silico and ChIP analyses revealed overlapping methylation-independent SP1-binding and methylation-dependent p53-binding to these sites. We propose that interference with SP1-assisted p53-binding to these sites abrogates H2AX's ability to arrest the cell cycle upon DNA damage, and contributes to triggering latent development of STAT5-induced tumors in estrapausal multiparous mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Havusha-Laufer
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ana Kosenko
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tatiana Kisliouk
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Itamar Barash
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Campbell KM, O'Leary KA, Rugowski DE, Mulligan WA, Barnell EK, Skidmore ZL, Krysiak K, Griffith M, Schuler LA, Griffith OL. A Spontaneous Aggressive ERα+ Mammary Tumor Model Is Driven by Kras Activation. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1526-1537.e4. [PMID: 31390566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRL-PRL murine model, defined by mammary-selective transgenic rat prolactin ligand rPrl expression, establishes spontaneous ER+ mammary tumors in nulliparous females, mimicking the association between elevated prolactin (PRL) and risk for development of ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Whole-genome and exome sequencing in a discovery cohort (n = 5) of end-stage tumors revealed canonical activating mutations and copy number amplifications of Kras. The frequent mutations in this pathway were validated in an extension cohort, identifying activating Ras alterations in 79% of tumors (23 of 29). Transcriptome analyses over the course of oncogenesis revealed marked alterations associated with Ras activity in established tumors compared with preneoplastic tissues; in cell-intrinsic processes associated with mitosis, cell adhesion, and invasion; as well as in the surrounding tumor environment. These genomic analyses suggest that PRL induces a selective bottleneck for spontaneous Ras-driven tumors that may model a subset of aggressive clinical ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Campbell
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Kathleen A O'Leary
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Debra E Rugowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - William A Mulligan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Erica K Barnell
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Zachary L Skidmore
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Kilannin Krysiak
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Malachi Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Obi L Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Zhang LX, Chen RL, Liao XY, You X, Gao FG. Ex vivo IL-15 replenishment augments bone marrow precursor cell-mediated adaptive immunity via PI3K-Akt pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:177-188. [PMID: 32293057 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ma0220-337rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that PI3K-Akt activity contributes to the superior immune function of IL-15-administrated bone marrow precursor cells (BMPC). Our previous studies revealed that PI3K-Akt play vital role in dendritic cells (DCs) cross-presentation and DC-based CTL priming. Despite the fact that IL-15 serves multiple functions in its therapeutic potential for the induction and maintenance of T cell response, the exact role of PI3K-Akt in IL-15 increased adaptive immunity is still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that ex vivo IL-15 administration increased BMPC capability of antigen uptake and the expression of costimulatory molecules (such as CD80 and 4-1BB(CD137) ligand [4-1BBL]) and MHC class I molecule via PI3K-Akt pathway. Importantly, PI3K-Akt activity was not only necessary for IL-15 augmented BMPC cross-presentation and CTL priming, but also facilitated IL-15 increased therapeutic potential of the cytolytic capacity and maintenance of BMPC-activated T cells. Thus, these data suggested that PI3K-Akt activity contribute to the superior immune function of IL-15-administrated BMPC and thereby might be therapeutic potential for adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ling Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yan Liao
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang You
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guang Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shang Hai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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40
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Laminin-dependent integrin β1 signaling regulates milk protein synthesis via prolactin/STAT5 pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:288-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Xu X, Chen E, Mo L, Zhang L, Shao F, Miao K, Liu J, Su SM, Valecha M, Chan UI, Zheng H, Chen M, Chen W, Chen Q, Fu H, Aladjem MI, He Y, Deng CX. BRCA1 represses DNA replication initiation through antagonizing estrogen signaling and maintains genome stability in parallel with WEE1-MCM2 signaling during pregnancy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:842-857. [PMID: 30445628 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes fast cell proliferation during early pregnancy, yet the mechanism to ensure genome integrity during this highly proliferative stage is largely unknown. We show that pregnancy triggers replicative stresses leading to genetic instability in mice carrying a mammary specific disruption of breast cancer associated gene-1 (BRCA1). The fast cell proliferation was correlated with enhanced expression of most genes encoding replisomes, which are positively regulated by estrogen/ERα signaling but negatively regulated by BRCA1. Our further analysis revealed two parallel signaling pathways, which are mediated by ATR-CHK1 and WEE1-MCM2 and are responsible for regulating DNA replication checkpoint. Upon DNA damage, BRCA1 deficiency markedly enhances DNA replication initiation and preferably impairs DNA replication checkpoint mediated by ATR and CHK1. Meanwhile, DNA damage also activates WEE1-MCM2 signaling, which inhibits DNA replication initiation and enables BRCA1-deficient cells to avoid further genomic instability. Finally, we demonstrated that overriding this defense by WEE1 inhibition in combination with cisplatin, which causes DNA damage, serves as a promising therapeutic approach for killing BRCA1-deficient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Eric Chen
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch
| | - Lihua Mo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kai Miao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Sek Man Su
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Monica Valecha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Un In Chan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | | | - Mark Chen
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch
| | - Weiping Chen
- Gene Expression Core, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yanzhen He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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42
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Wang B, Shi L, Men J, Li Q, Hou X, Wang C, Zhao F. Controlled synchronization of prolactin/STAT5 and AKT1/mTOR in bovine mammary epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:243-252. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Park H, Song G, Lim W. Ivermectin-induced programmed cell death and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 163:84-93. [PMID: 31973874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is a commercially well-known antiparasitic agent derived from the natural fermentation product avermectin. Originally used as a veterinary drug, IVM has been studied for its pharmacokinetic advantages, such as anticancer, antimigration, and antiproliferative effects, using several cell types. In the present study, we verified that IVM suppressed bovine mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation and induced the arrest of the cell cycle from the sub-G1 to the G2/M phase in these cells. Due to IVM treatment, the homeostasis of calcium ions, which play a crucial role in intracellular metabolism, deteriorated, leading to the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). To underpin these results, further studies using inhibitors of Ca2+ signaling were performed; combination treatment with IVM and these factors, including 2-APB, BAPTA-AM, or ruthenium red, inhibited the IVM-induced MMP disruption. Furthermore, following IVM treatment, the relationships among various cell signaling mediators were altered, and the balance between diverse cellular processes associated with cell survival or death was disturbed. In conclusion, we assessed the anti-survival effects of IVM on mammary gland epithelial cells; IVM may impede normal lactation in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea..
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Quinolizidine alkaloids derivatives from Sophora alopecuroides Linn: Bioactivities, structure-activity relationships and preliminary molecular mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:111972. [PMID: 31884408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids, as essential active ingredients extracted from Sophora alopecuroides Linn, have been well concerned in the past several decades owing to the unique structural features and numerous pharmacological activities. Quinolizidine alkaloids consist of matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, sophocarpine and aloperine etc. Additionally, quinolizidine alkaloids exert various excellent activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-virus and anti-arrhythmia regulations. In this review, we comprehensively clarify the pharmacological activities of quinolizidine alkaloids, as well as the relationship between biological function and structure-activity of substituted quinolizidine alkaloids. We believe that biological agents based on the pharmacological functions of quinolizidine alkaloids could be well applied in clinical practice.
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45
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Wehde BL, Rädler PD, Shrestha H, Johnson SJ, Triplett AA, Wagner KU. Janus Kinase 1 Plays a Critical Role in Mammary Cancer Progression. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2192-2207.e5. [PMID: 30463015 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) and their downstream STAT proteins play key roles in cytokine signaling, tissue homeostasis, and cancer development. Using a breast cancer model that conditionally lacks Janus kinase 1, we show here that JAK1 is essential for IL-6-class inflammatory cytokine signaling and plays a critical role in metastatic cancer progression. JAK1 is indispensable for the oncogenic activation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 in ERBB2-expressing cancer cells, suggesting that ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase complexes do not directly activate these STAT proteins in vivo. A genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that JAK1 signaling has pleiotropic effects on several pathways associated with cancer progression. We established that FOS and MAP3K8 are targets of JAK1/STAT3 signaling, which promotes tumorsphere formation and cell migration. The results highlight the significance of JAK1 as a rational therapeutic target to block IL-6-class cytokines, which are master regulators of cancer-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Wehde
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Patrick D Rädler
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hridaya Shrestha
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stevi J Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aleata A Triplett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R Street, EL01TM, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Nicotine directly affects milk production in lactating mammary epithelial cells concurrently with inactivation of STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104741. [PMID: 31783125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine from tobacco smoke is absorbed into the bloodstream and transferred into breast milk in breastfeeding mothers. Smoking causes a decrease in breast milk volume, adverse changes to the milk composition, and a shortened lactation period. Breast milk is produced by mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in mammary glands during lactation. However, it remains unclear whether nicotine directly affects milk production in lactating MECs. To address this issue, we prepared a culture model with high milk production ability and less-permeable tight junctions (TJs) by seeding mouse MECs on a cell culture insert. Lactating MECs showed expression of α2, α3, β2, and β4 of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The high concentration of nicotine at 10-100 μM inhibited β-casein secretion and caused abnormal localization of TJ proteins. We subsequently investigated whether nicotine at a physiological concentration could affect lactating MECs. Nicotine at 1.0 μM directly inhibited α- and β-casein secretion in lactating MECs concurrently with inactivation of STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor without affecting the TJ barrier. Nicotine treatment also induced MEC apoptosis concurrently with inactivation of Akt. These results support the adverse effects of nicotine on breastfeeding in smoking mothers.
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47
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Transcriptome analysis and weighted gene co-expression network reveals potential genes responses to heat stress in turbot Scophthalmus maximus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 33:100632. [PMID: 31715507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is an economically important marine fish cultured in China. In this study, we performed transcriptome gene expression profiling of kidney tissue in turbot exposed to heat stress (20, 23, 25 and 28 °C); control fish were maintained at 14 °C. We investigated gene relationships based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Accordingly, enrichment analyses of GO terms and KEGG pathways showed that several pathways (e.g., fat metabolism, cell apoptosis, immune system, and insulin signaling) may be involved in the response of turbot to heat stress. Moreover, via WGCNA, we identified 19 modules: the dark grey module was mainly enriched in pathways associated with fat metabolism and the FOXO and Jak-STAT signaling pathways. The ivory module was significantly enriched in the P53 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the key hub genes CBP, AKT3, CCND2, PIK3r2, SCOS3, mdm2, cyc-B, and p48 were enriched in the FOXO, Jak-STAT and P53 signaling pathways. This is the first study reporting co-expression patterns of a gene network after heat stress in marine fish. Our results may contribute to our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of thermal tolerance.
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48
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Bousoik E, Nabiee R, Amirrad F, Nichols A, Witt R, Mahdipoor P, Montazeri Aliabadi H. Heterogeneity and Plasticity of Human Breast Cancer Cells in Response to Molecularly-Targeted Drugs. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1070. [PMID: 31681603 PMCID: PMC6803545 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-responsive subpopulation of tumor cells, and acquired resistance in initially responsive cells are major challenges for cancer therapy with molecularly-targeted drugs. While point mutations are considered the major contributing factor to acquired resistance, in this study we explored the role of heterogeneity and plasticity of selected human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and AU565) in their initial and adjusted response, respectively, to ruxolitinib, everolimus, and erlotinib. After determination of lethal concentration for 50% cell death (LC50), cells were exposed to selected drugs using three different approaches: single exposure to 4 × LC50 and collection of surviving cells, multiple exposures to 1.5 × LC50 and monitoring the surviving population, and exposure to gradually increasing concentrations of selected drugs (range of concentrations equivalent to 10% of LC50 to 1.5 × LC50). Surviving cells were studied for adjustments in expression level of selected proteins using quantitative PCR and Western Blot. Our data indicated overexpression of a variety of proteins in resistant populations, which included cell membrane receptors EGFR and HER2, anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and BIRC8, and other proteins involved in cell signaling (e.g., Akt1, MAPK7, and RPS6KA5). Silencing the identified alternative proteins via siRNA resulted in significant drop in the LC50 of the selected molecularly-targeted drugs cells resistant to ruxolitinib (via targeting Akt), everolimus (via targeting EGFR, MAPK7, RPS6KA5, and HER2), and erlotinib (via silencing Bcl2 and BIRC8). Our data indicates that targeting well-selected alternative proteins could potentially sensitize the resistant cells to the effect of the molecularly-targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Bousoik
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ramina Nabiee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Farideh Amirrad
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Nichols
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Witt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Parvin Mahdipoor
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
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Transporters in the Mammary Gland-Contribution to Presence of Nutrients and Drugs into Milk. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102372. [PMID: 31590349 PMCID: PMC6836069 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of nutrients and bioactive ingredients found in milk play an important role in the nourishment of breast-fed infants and dairy consumers. Some of these ingredients include physiologically relevant compounds such as vitamins, peptides, neuroactive compounds and hormones. Conversely, milk may contain substances-drugs, pesticides, carcinogens, environmental pollutants-which have undesirable effects on health. The transfer of these compounds into milk is unavoidably linked to the function of transport proteins. Expression of transporters belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC-) and Solute Carrier (SLC-) superfamilies varies with the lactation stages of the mammary gland. In particular, Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides 1A2 (OATP1A2) and 2B1 (OATP2B1), Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1), Novel Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCTN1), Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters 1, 2 and 3 (CNT1, CNT2 and CNT3), Peptide Transporter 2 (PEPT2), Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2 (SVCT2), Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 5 (ABCC5) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) are highly induced during lactation. This review will focus on these transporters overexpressed during lactation and their role in the transfer of products into the milk, including both beneficial and harmful compounds. Furthermore, additional factors, such as regulation, polymorphisms or drug-drug interactions will be described.
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50
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Wang D, Zhou W, Chen J, Wei W. Upstream regulators of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and their role in diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14460-14472. [PMID: 30710358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a crucial signaling molecule, is regulated by various upstream regulators. Traditionally, receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptor are regarded as its principle upstream regulators; however, recent reports have indicated that spleen tyrosine kinase, β-arrestin2, Janus kinase, and RAS can also perform this role. Dysregulation of PI3K is common in the progression of various diseases, including, but not limited to, tumors, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute myelogenous leukemia. The aim of this review is to provide a perspective on PI3K-related diseases examining both the classical and nonclassical upstream regulators of PI3K in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
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