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Landis GN, Bell HS, Peng OK, Fan Y, Yan K, Baybutt B, Tower J. Conditional Inhibition of Eip75B Eliminates the Effects of Mating and Mifepristone on Lifespan in Female Drosophila. Cells 2024; 13:1123. [PMID: 38994975 PMCID: PMC11240670 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mating in female Drosophila melanogaster causes midgut hypertrophy and reduced lifespan, and these effects are blocked by the drug mifepristone. Eip75B is a transcription factor previously reported to have pleiotropic effects on Drosophila lifespan. Because Eip75B null mutations are lethal, conditional systems and/or partial knock-down are needed to study Eip75B effects in adults. Previous studies showed that Eip75B is required for adult midgut cell proliferation in response to mating. To test the possible role of Eip75B in mediating the lifespan effects of mating and mifepristone, a tripartite FLP-recombinase-based conditional system was employed that provides controls for genetic background. Expression of a Hsp70-FLP transgene was induced in third instar larvae by a brief heat pulse. The FLP recombinase catalyzed the recombination and activation of an Actin5C-GAL4 transgene. The GAL4 transcription factor in turn activated expression of a UAS-Eip75B-RNAi transgene. Inhibition of Eip75B activity was confirmed by loss of midgut hypertrophy upon mating, and the lifespan effects of both mating and mifepristone were eliminated. In addition, the negative effects of mifepristone on egg production were eliminated. The data indicate that Eip75B mediates the effects of mating and mifepristone on female midgut hypertrophy, egg production, and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
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2
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Landis GN, Bell HS, Peng O, Bognar B, Tong A, Manea TD, Bao H, Han X, Tower J. Dhr96[1] mutation and maternal tudor[1] mutation increase life span and reduce the beneficial effects of mifepristone in mated female Drosophila. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292820. [PMID: 38127988 PMCID: PMC10735022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mating and receipt of male Sex Peptide hormone cause increased egg laying, increased midgut size and decreased life span in female Drosophila. Feeding mated females with the synthetic steroid mifepristone decreases egg production, reduces midgut size, and increases life span. Here, several gene mutations were assayed to investigate possible mechanisms for mifepristone action. Drosophila Dhr96 is a hormone receptor, and a key positive regulator of midgut lipid uptake and metabolism. Dhr96[1] null mutation increased female life span, and reduced the effects of mifepristone on life span, suggesting that Dhr96[1] mutation and mifepristone may act in part through the same mechanism. Consistent with this idea, lipidomics analysis revealed that mating increases whole-body levels of triglycerides and fatty-acids in triglycerides, and these changes are reversed by mifepristone. Maternal tudor[1] mutation results in females that lack the germ-line and produce no eggs. Maternal tudor[1] mutation increased mated female life span, and reduced but did not eliminate the effects of mating and mifepristone on life span. This indicates that decreased egg production may be related to the life span benefits of mifepristone, but is not essential. Mifepristone increases life span in w[1118] mutant mated females, but did not increase life span in w[1118] mutant virgin females. Mifepristone decreased egg production in w[1118] mutant virgin females, indicating that decreased egg production is not sufficient for mifepristone to increase life span. Mifepristone increases life span in virgin females of some, but not all, white[+] and mini-white[+] strains. Backcrossing of mini-white[+] transgenes into the w[1118] background was not sufficient to confer a life span response to mifepristone in virgin females. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that mechanisms for mifepristone life span increase involve reduced lipid uptake and/or metabolism, and suggest that mifepristone may increase life span in mated females and virgin females through partly different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Landis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hans S. Bell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Oscar Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brett Bognar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andy Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tomás D. Manea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hanmei Bao
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Tower
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Moore WT, Luo J, Liu D. Kaempferol improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via an AMPK-dependent mechanism. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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4
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Fernández-Puente E, Martín-Prieto E, Márquez CM, Palomero J. Effect of RONS-Induced Intracellular Redox Homeostasis in 6-NBDG/Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myotubes and Single Isolated Skeletal Muscle Fibres. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098082. [PMID: 37175789 PMCID: PMC10179233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is essential to produce energy through ATP, which is needed by this organ to maintain vital functions. The impairment of glucose uptake compromises the metabolism and function of skeletal muscle and other organs and is a feature of diabetes, obesity, and ageing. There is a need for research to uncover the mechanisms involved in the impairment of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In this study, we adapted, developed, optimised, and validated a methodology based on the fluorescence glucose analogue 6-NBDG, combined with a quantitative fluorescence microscopy image analysis, to determine the glucose uptake in two models of skeletal muscle cells: C2C12 myotubes and single fibres isolated from muscle. It was proposed that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and redox homeostasis play an important role in the modulation of intracellular redox signalling pathways associated with glucose uptake. In this study, we prove that the prooxidative intracellular redox environment under oxidative eustress produced by RONS such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. However, when oxidation is excessive, oxidative distress occurs, and cellular viability is compromised, although there might be an increase in the glucose uptake. Based on the results of this study, the determination of 6-NBDG/glucose uptake in myotubes and skeletal muscle cells is feasible, validated, and will contribute to improve future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Escarlata Fernández-Puente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Martín-Prieto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Manuel Márquez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Palomero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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5
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N. Landis G, Ko S, Peng O, Bognar B, Khmelkov M, S. Bell H, Tower J. A screen of small molecule and genetic modulators of life span in female Drosophila identifies etomoxir, RH5849 and unanticipated temperature effects. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:397-413. [PMID: 36412257 PMCID: PMC9683069 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2149209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mifepristone increases life span in female Drosophila melanogaster, and its molecular target(s) remain unclear. Here small molecule and genetic interventions were tested for ability to mimic mifepristone, or to decrease life span in a way that can be rescued by mifepristone. Etomoxir inhibits lipid metabolism, and significantly increased life span in virgin and mated females, but not males, at 50 µM concentration. Pioglitazone is reported to activate both mammalian PPARγ and its Drosophila homolog Eip75B. Pioglitazone produced minor and inconsistent benefits for female Drosophila life span, and only at the lowest concentrations tested. Ecdysone is a Drosophila steroid hormone reported to regulate responses to mating, and RH5849 is a potent mimic of ecdysone. RH5849 reduced virgin female life span, and this was partly rescued by mifepristone. Mifepristone did not compete with RH5849 for activation of an ecdysone receptor (EcR)-responsive transgenic reporter, indicating that the relevant target for mifepristone is not EcR. The conditional GAL4/GAL80ts system was used in attempt to test the effect of an Eip75B RNAi construct on female life span. However, the 29°C temperature used for induction reduced or eliminated mating-induced midgut hypertrophy, the negative life span effects of mating, and the positive life span effects of mifepristone. Even when applied after mating was complete, a shift to 29°C temperature reduced mating-induced midgut hypertrophy by half, and the life span effects of mating by 4.8-fold. Taken together, these results identify promising small molecules for further analysis, and inform the design of experiments involving the GAL4/GAL80ts system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Landis
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Ko
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Peng
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brett Bognar
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Khmelkov
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hans S. Bell
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Faught E, Vijayan MM. The Mineralocorticoid Receptor Functions as a Key Glucose Regulator in the Skeletal Muscle of Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6679268. [PMID: 36041019 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential for maintaining energy homeostasis as part of the adaptive stress response. Most work to date has characterized the metabolic role of GCs via the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (nr3c1; GR), which is activated under high GC conditions. However, GCs also bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor (nr3c2; MR), a high-affinity corticosteroid receptor active under basal GC conditions. Despite the expression of MR in skeletal muscles, almost nothing is known about its physiological role. Here we tested the hypothesis that the MR promotes anabolic processes during resting cortisol levels and curtails the catabolic actions of the GR during high (stressed) levels of cortisol. To determine the effect of MR, a zebrafish line with a ubiquitous MR knockout (MRca402/ca402) was utilized. The GR was activated in the same group by chronically treating fish with exogenous cortisol. In the muscle, MR primarily promoted nutrient storage, and restricted energy substrate mobilization under resting conditions, whereas GR activation resulted in increased nutrient utilization. Interestingly, MR loss improved GR-driven metabolic flexibility, suggesting that the activation state of these receptors is a key determinant of skeletal muscle ability to switch fuel sources. To determine if the anabolism-promoting nature of MR was due to an interaction with insulin, fish were co-injected with insulin and the fluorescent glucose analogue 2-NBDG. A loss of MR abolished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle. Taken together, we postulate that MR acts as a key modulator of glucose metabolism in the musculature during basal and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Faught
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
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7
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Ávalos Y, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Lagos P, Pinto-Nuñez D, Rivera P, Burgos P, Díaz-Castro F, Joy-Immediato M, Venegas-Zamora L, Lopez-Gallardo E, Kretschmar C, Batista-Gonzalez A, Cifuentes-Araneda F, Toledo-Valenzuela L, Rodriguez-Peña M, Espinoza-Caicedo J, Perez-Leighton C, Bertocchi C, Cerda M, Troncoso R, Parra V, Budini M, Burgos PV, Criollo A, Morselli E. Palmitic acid control of ciliogenesis modulates insulin signaling in hypothalamic neurons through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:659. [PMID: 35902579 PMCID: PMC9334645 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is significantly increased in the hypothalamus of mice, when fed chronically with a high-fat diet (HFD). PA impairs insulin signaling in hypothalamic neurons, by a mechanism dependent on autophagy, a process of lysosomal-mediated degradation of cytoplasmic material. In addition, previous work shows a crosstalk between autophagy and the primary cilium (hereafter cilium), an antenna-like structure on the cell surface that acts as a signaling platform for the cell. Ciliopathies, human diseases characterized by cilia dysfunction, manifest, type 2 diabetes, among other features, suggesting a role of the cilium in insulin signaling. Cilium depletion in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons triggers obesity and insulin resistance in mice, the same phenotype as mice deficient in autophagy in POMC neurons. Here we investigated the effect of chronic consumption of HFD on cilia; and our results indicate that chronic feeding with HFD reduces the percentage of cilia in hypothalamic POMC neurons. This effect may be due to an increased amount of PA, as treatment with this saturated fatty acid in vitro reduces the percentage of ciliated cells and cilia length in hypothalamic neurons. Importantly, the same effect of cilia depletion was obtained following chemical and genetic inhibition of autophagy, indicating autophagy is required for ciliogenesis. We further demonstrate a role for the cilium in insulin sensitivity, as cilium loss in hypothalamic neuronal cells disrupts insulin signaling and insulin-dependent glucose uptake, an effect that correlates with the ciliary localization of the insulin receptor (IR). Consistently, increased percentage of ciliated hypothalamic neuronal cells promotes insulin signaling, even when cells are exposed to PA. Altogether, our results indicate that, in hypothalamic neurons, impairment of autophagy, either by PA exposure, chemical or genetic manipulation, cause cilia loss that impairs insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenniffer Ávalos
- grid.412179.80000 0001 2191 5013Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Lagos
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Pinto-Nuñez
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Rivera
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Burgos
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle Joy-Immediato
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslye Venegas-Zamora
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erik Lopez-Gallardo
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Batista-Gonzalez
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavia Cifuentes-Araneda
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Toledo-Valenzuela
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rodriguez-Peña
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jasson Espinoza-Caicedo
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Perez-Leighton
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Bertocchi
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Network for the Study of High-Lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.442215.40000 0001 2227 4297Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile ,grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.442215.40000 0001 2227 4297Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Landis GN, Riggan L, Bell HS, Vu W, Wang T, Wang I, Tejawinata FI, Ko S, Tower J. Mifepristone Increases Life Span in Female Drosophila Without Detectable Antibacterial Activity. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:924957. [PMID: 35935727 PMCID: PMC9354577 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.924957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mifepristone dramatically increases the life span of mated female Drosophila while reducing the expression of innate immune response genes. Previous results indicated that mifepristone also reduced the load of aero-tolerant bacteria in mated females. Experiments were conducted to further investigate the possible role of bacteria in mifepristone life span effects. Life span was assayed in flies grown from sterilized eggs on autoclaved media and in normally cultured controls in two independent assays. Sterilization increased mated female life span (+8.3% and +57%, respectively), and the effect of mifepristone was additive (+53% and +93%, respectively). High-throughput sequencing of 16S sequences revealed that sterilization reduced the abundance of multiple species and the classes Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Actinobacteria, and Cytophagia. By contrast, mifepristone caused no decreases and instead increased the abundance of three species. Five aero-tolerant bacterial species were cultured from extracts of mated female flies, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species (Acetobacter sicerae, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Serratia rubidea, and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus). There was no detectable effect of mifepristone on the growth of these bacteria in vitro, indicating that mifepristone does not have a direct antibiotic effect. To test if antibiotics could mimic the effects of mifepristone in vivo, mated female flies were treated throughout adult life span with high concentrations of the individual antibiotics doxycycline, ampicillin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, in replicate experiments. No significant effect on life span was observed for ampicillin, kanamycin, or streptomycin, and an inconsistent benefit was observed for doxycycline. Finally, supplementation of media with Enterococcus faecalis did not alter adult female life span in the presence or absence of mifepristone. Taken together, the results indicate the life span benefits of mifepristone are not due to an antibiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Sepúlveda-Quiñenao C, Rodriguez JM, Díaz-Castro F, del Campo A, Bravo-Sagua R, Troncoso R. Glucocorticoid Receptor β Overexpression Has Agonist-Independent Insulin-Mimetic Effects on HepG2 Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105582. [PMID: 35628392 PMCID: PMC9141770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are steroids hormones that drive circulating glucose availability through gluconeogenesis in the liver. However, alternative splicing of the GR mRNA produces two isoforms, termed GRα and GRβ. GRα is the classic receptor that binds to GCs and mediates the most described actions of GCs. GRβ does not bind GCs and acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of GRα. Moreover, GRβ has intrinsic and GRα-independent transcriptional activity. To date, it remains unknown if GRβ modulates glucose handling in hepatocytes. Therefore, the study aims to characterize the impact of GRβ overexpression on glucose uptake and storage using an in vitro hepatocyte model. Here we show that GRβ overexpression inhibits the induction of gluconeogenic genes by dexamethasone. Moreover, GRβ activates the Akt pathway, increases glucose transports mRNA, increasing glucose uptake and glycogen storage as an insulin-mimetic. Our results suggest that GRβ has agonist-independent insulin-mimetic actions in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sepúlveda-Quiñenao
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (C.S.-Q.); (J.M.R.); (F.D.-C.)
| | - Juan M. Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (C.S.-Q.); (J.M.R.); (F.D.-C.)
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (C.S.-Q.); (J.M.R.); (F.D.-C.)
| | - Andrea del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
- Red de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Consejo de la Universidades del Estado de Chile (CUECH), Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (C.S.-Q.); (J.M.R.); (F.D.-C.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229781587
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10
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Donoso-Barraza C, Borquez JC, Sepúlveda C, Díaz-Castro F, Sepúlveda-Quiñenao C, Rodríguez JM, Porras O, Troncoso R. Hydrogen sulfide disrupts insulin-induced glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113083. [PMID: 35577173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been known for its toxicity. However, recent studies have focused on the mechanisms involved in endogenous production and function. To date, the H2S role in insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis is unclear. This uncertainty is even more evident in skeletal muscle, a physiological niche highly relevant for regulating glycemia in response to insulin. This study aimed to investigate the role of H2S on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in the L6 skeletal muscle cell line. We evaluated the endogenous synthesis with the fluorescent dye, 7-azido-4-methyl coumarin (7-AzMC). Glucose restriction-induced an increase in the endogenous levels of H2S, likely through stimulation of cystathionine γ-lyase activity, as its specific inhibitor, PAG (5 mM) prevented this increase, and mRNA levels of CSE decreased with glucose and amino acid restriction. Exogenous H2S reduced insulin-induced glucose uptake at 0.5 up to 24 h, an effect dissociated from the level of Akt phosphorylation. Our results show that glucose restriction induces endogenous production of H2S via CSE. In addition, H2S disrupts insulin-induced glucose uptake independent of the Akt pathway. These results suggest that H2S antagonism over insulin-induced glucose uptake could help maintain the plasmatic glucose levels in conditions that provoke hypoglycemia, which could serve as an H2S-regulated mechanism for maintaining glucose plasmatic levels through the inhibition of the skeletal muscle insulin-depended glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Donoso-Barraza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Borquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Carlos Sepúlveda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Claudia Sepúlveda-Quiñenao
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Juan Manuel Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Omar Porras
- Laboratory for Research in Functional Nutrition, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380492, Chile.
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11
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del Campo A, Salamanca C, Fajardo A, Díaz-Castro F, Bustos C, Calfío C, Troncoso R, Pastene-Navarrete ER, Acuna-Castillo C, Milla LA, Villarroel CA, Cubillos FA, Aranda M, Rojo LE. Anthocyanins from Aristotelia chilensis Prevent Olanzapine-Induced Hepatic-Lipid Accumulation but Not Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206149. [PMID: 34684731 PMCID: PMC8537850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity are major problems worldwide and dietary polyphenols have shown efficacy to ameliorate signs of these diseases. Anthocyanins from berries display potent antioxidants and protect against weight gain and insulin resistance in different models of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Olanzapine is known to induce an accelerated form of metabolic syndrome. Due to the aforementioned, we evaluated whether delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside (DG) and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucoside (DS), two potent antidiabetic anthocyanins isolated from Aristotelia chilensis fruit, could prevent olanzapine-induced steatosis and insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle cells, respectively. HepG2 liver cells and L6 skeletal muscle cells were co-incubated with DG 50 μg/mL or DS 50 μg/mL plus olanzapine 50 μg/mL. Lipid accumulation was determined in HepG2 cells while the expression of p-Akt as a key regulator of the insulin-activated signaling pathways, mitochondrial function, and glucose uptake was assessed in L6 cells. DS and DG prevented olanzapine-induced lipid accumulation in liver cells. However, insulin signaling impairment induced by olanzapine in L6 cells was not rescued by DS and DG. Thus, anthocyanins modulate lipid metabolism, which is a relevant factor in hepatic tissue, but do not significantly influence skeletal muscle, where a potent antioxidant effect of olanzapine was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea del Campo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.d.C.); (L.E.R.); Tel.: +56-223544384 (A.d.C.); +56-22718-1177 (L.E.R.)
| | - Catalina Salamanca
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Angelo Fajardo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (F.D.-C.); (R.T.)
| | - Catalina Bustos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Camila Calfío
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (F.D.-C.); (R.T.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Edgar R. Pastene-Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 4081112, Chile;
| | - Claudio Acuna-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Luis A. Milla
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, CIBAP, Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile;
| | - Carlos A. Villarroel
- ANID-Programa Iniciativa Científica Milenio-Instituto Milenio de Biología Integrativa (iBio), General del Canto 50, Providencia, Santiago 7500565, Chile; (C.A.V.); (F.A.C.)
- Laboratorio Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Francisco A. Cubillos
- ANID-Programa Iniciativa Científica Milenio-Instituto Milenio de Biología Integrativa (iBio), General del Canto 50, Providencia, Santiago 7500565, Chile; (C.A.V.); (F.A.C.)
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile
| | - Mario Aranda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fármacos y Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Leonel E. Rojo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Correspondence: (A.d.C.); (L.E.R.); Tel.: +56-223544384 (A.d.C.); +56-22718-1177 (L.E.R.)
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12
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Landis GN, Hilsabeck TAU, Bell HS, Ronnen-Oron T, Wang L, Doherty DV, Tejawinata FI, Erickson K, Vu W, Promislow DEL, Kapahi P, Tower J. Mifepristone Increases Life Span of Virgin Female Drosophila on Regular and High-fat Diet Without Reducing Food Intake. Front Genet 2021; 12:751647. [PMID: 34659367 PMCID: PMC8511958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.751647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The synthetic steroid mifepristone is reported to have anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in mammals on normal and high-fat diets (HFD). We previously reported that mifepristone blocks the negative effect on life span caused by mating in female Drosophila melanogaster. Methods: Here we asked if mifepristone could protect virgin females from the life span-shortening effect of HFD. Mifepristone was assayed for effects on life span in virgin females, in repeated assays, on regular media and on media supplemented with coconut oil (HFD). The excrement quantification (EX-Q) assay was used to measure food intake of the flies after 12 days mifepristone treatment. In addition, experiments were conducted to compare the effects of mifepristone in virgin and mated females, and to identify candidate mifepristone targets and mechanisms. Results: Mifepristone increased life span of virgin females on regular media, as well as on media supplemented with either 2.5 or 5% coconut oil. Food intake was not reduced in any assay, and was significantly increased by mifepristone in half of the assays. To ask if mifepristone might rescue virgin females from all life span-shortening stresses, the oxidative stressor paraquat was tested, and mifepristone produced little to no rescue. Analysis of extant metabolomics and transcriptomics data suggested similarities between effects of mifepristone in virgin and mated females, including reduced tryptophan breakdown and similarities to dietary restriction. Bioinformatics analysis identified candidate mifepristone targets, including transcription factors Paired and Extra-extra. In addition to shortening life span, mating also causes midgut hypertrophy and activation of the lipid metabolism regulatory factor SREBP. Mifepristone blocked the increase in midgut size caused by mating, but did not detectably affect midgut size in virgins. Finally, mating increased activity of a SREBP reporter in abdominal tissues, as expected, but reporter activity was not detectably reduced by mifepristone in either mated or virgin females. Conclusion: Mifepristone increases life span of virgin females on regular and HFD without reducing food intake. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses suggest some similar effects of mifepristone between virgin and mated females, however reduced midgut size was observed only in mated females. The results are discussed regarding possible mifepristone mechanisms and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Landis
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tyler A. U. Hilsabeck
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hans S. Bell
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tal Ronnen-Oron
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Devon V. Doherty
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Felicia I. Tejawinata
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Erickson
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William Vu
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel E. L. Promislow
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Díaz-Castro F, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Rojo LE, Del Campo A, Troncoso R. Mifepristone for Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome: Beyond Cushing's Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:429. [PMID: 32390830 PMCID: PMC7193078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates that cortisol, the glucocorticoid product of the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, plays a role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. In this regard, chronic exposure to cortisol is associated with risk factors related to metabolic syndrome like weight gain, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, among others. Mifepristone is the only FDA-approved drug with antiglucocorticoids properties for improved the glycemic control in patients with type 2 patients secondary to endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Mifepristone also have been shown positive effects in rodents models of diabetes and patients with obesity due to antipsychotic treatment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this perspective, we summarized the literature regarding the beneficial effects of mifepristone in metabolic syndrome from animal studies to clinical research. Also, we propose a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects in insulin sensitivity which involved the regulation of mitochondrial function in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología en Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología en Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonel E Rojo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Del Campo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología en Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Faught E, Vijayan MM. Loss of the glucocorticoid receptor in zebrafish improves muscle glucose availability and increases growth. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E1093-E1104. [PMID: 30939052 PMCID: PMC6620571 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00045.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress and the associated elevation in corticosteroid levels increase muscle protein catabolism. We hypothesized that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-regulated restriction of muscle glucose availability may play a role in the increased protein catabolism during chronic stress. To test this, we generated a ubiquitous GR knockout (GRKO) zebrafish to determine the physiological consequence of glucocorticoid stimulation on muscle metabolism and growth. Adult GRKO zebrafish had higher body mass, and this corresponded to an increased protein and lipid, but not carbohydrate, content. GRKO fish were hypercortisolemic, but they elicited a higher cortisol response to an acute stressor. However, the stressor-induced increase in plasma glucose level observed in the wild type was completely abolished in the GRKO fish. Also, the muscle, but not liver, capacity for glucose uptake was enhanced in the GRKO fish, and this corresponded with a higher hexokinase activity in the mutants. Zebrafish lacking GR also showed a higher capacity for protein synthesis, including increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4B, higher expression of heat shock protein cognate 70, and total protein content. A chronic fasting stressor reduced body mass and muscle protein content in adult zebrafish, but this decrease was attenuated in the GRKO compared with the wild-type fish. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the free pool of amino acid substrates used for oxidation and gluconeogenesis were lower in the fasted GRKO fish muscle compared with the wild type. Altogether, chronic stressor-mediated GR signaling limits muscle glucose uptake, and this may play a role in protein catabolism, leading to the growth suppression in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Faught
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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15
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Hernández-Cáceres MP, Toledo-Valenzuela L, Díaz-Castro F, Ávalos Y, Burgos P, Narro C, Peña-Oyarzun D, Espinoza-Caicedo J, Cifuentes-Araneda F, Navarro-Aguad F, Riquelme C, Troncoso R, Criollo A, Morselli E. Palmitic Acid Reduces the Autophagic Flux and Insulin Sensitivity Through the Activation of the Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFAR1) in the Hypothalamic Neuronal Cell Line N43/5. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:176. [PMID: 30972025 PMCID: PMC6446982 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic consumption of high fat diets (HFDs), rich in saturated fatty acids (SatFAs) like palmitic acid (PA), is associated with the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies indicate that PA accumulates in the hypothalamus following consumption of HFDs; in addition, HFDs consumption inhibits autophagy and reduces insulin sensitivity. Whether malfunction of autophagy specifically in hypothalamic neurons decreases insulin sensitivity remains unknown. PA does activate the Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFAR1), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40); however, whether FFAR1 mediates the effects of PA on hypothalamic autophagy and insulin sensitivity has not been shown. Here, we demonstrate that exposure to PA inhibits the autophagic flux and reduces insulin sensitivity in a cellular model of hypothalamic neurons (N43/5 cells). Furthermore, we show that inhibition of autophagy and the autophagic flux reduces insulin sensitivity in hypothalamic neuronal cells. Interestingly, the inhibition of the autophagic flux, and the reduction in insulin sensitivity are prevented by pharmacological inhibition of FFAR1. Our findings show that dysregulation of autophagy reduces insulin sensitivity in hypothalamic neuronal cells. In addition, our data suggest FFAR1 mediates the ability of PA to inhibit autophagic flux and reduce insulin sensitivity in hypothalamic neuronal cells. These results reveal a novel cellular mechanism linking PA-rich diets to decreased insulin sensitivity in the hypothalamus and suggest that hypothalamic autophagy might represent a target for future T2DM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Toledo-Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
- Research Laboratory of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yenniffer Ávalos
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Burgos
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Narro
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Peña-Oyarzun
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jasson Espinoza-Caicedo
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavia Cifuentes-Araneda
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Navarro-Aguad
- Laboratory of Differentiation and Pathology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Riquelme
- Laboratory of Differentiation and Pathology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
- Research Laboratory of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Eugenia Morselli
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16
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Chen Z, Li W, Guo Q, Xu L, Santhanam RK, Gao X, Chen Y, Wang C, Panichayupakaranant P, Chen H. Anthocyanins from dietary black soybean potentiate glucose uptake in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells via up-regulating phosphorylated Akt and GLUT4. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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