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Buscato M, Davezac M, Zahreddine R, Adlanmerini M, Métivier R, Fillet M, Cobraiville G, Moro C, Foidart JM, Lenfant F, Gourdy P, Arnal JF, Fontaine C. Estetrol prevents Western diet-induced obesity and atheroma independently of hepatic estrogen receptor α. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E19-E29. [PMID: 33135461 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00211.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estetrol (E4), a natural estrogen synthesized by the human fetal liver, is currently evaluated in phase III clinical studies as a new menopause hormone therapy. Indeed, E4 significantly improves vasomotor and genito-urinary menopausal symptoms and prevents bone demineralization. Compared with other estrogens, E4 was found to have limited effects on coagulation factors in the liver of women allowing to expect less thrombotic events. To fully delineate its clinical potential, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of E4 on metabolic disorders. Here, we studied the pathophysiological consequences of a Western diet (42% kcal fat, 0.2% cholesterol) in ovariectomized female mice under chronic E4 treatment. We showed that E4 reduces body weight gain and improves glucose tolerance in both C57Bl/6 and LDLR-/- mice. To evaluate the role of hepatic estrogen receptor (ER) α in the preventive effect of E4 against obesity and associated disorders such as atherosclerosis and steatosis, mice harboring a hepatocyte-specific ERα deletion (LERKO) were crossed with LDLR-/- mice. Our results demonstrated that, whereas liver ERα is dispensable for the E4 beneficial actions on obesity and atheroma, it is necessary to prevent steatosis in mice. Overall, these findings suggest that E4 could prevent metabolic, hepatic, and vascular disorders occurring at menopause, extending the potential medical interest of this natural estrogen as a new hormonal treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Estetrol prevents obesity, steatosis, and atherosclerosis in mice fed a Western diet. Hepatic ERα is necessary for the prevention of steatosis, but not of obesity and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Buscato
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Morgane Davezac
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Rana Zahreddine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- CNRS, Univ Rennes, IGDR (Institut de Génétique De Rennes), Rennes, France
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gael Cobraiville
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Cedric Moro
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Foidart
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Département de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Noirrit E, Buscato M, Dupuis M, Payrastre B, Fontaine C, Arnal JF, Valera MC. Effects of conjugated estrogen and bazedoxifene on hemostasis and thrombosis in mice. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:788-795. [PMID: 31085766 PMCID: PMC6590204 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-progestin therapy was previously considered as the standard of care for managing bothersome symptoms associated with menopause, but it increases risks of breast cancer and of thromboembolism. The combination of conjugated estrogen (CE) with bazedoxifene (BZA) named tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC) was designed to minimize or even abrogate the undesirable effects on breast, while maintaining the beneficial effects such as prevention of osteoporosis and suppression of climacteric symptoms. The risk on thromboembolism associated with TSEC is unknown, although the clinical available data are reassuring. The aim of this study was to define the impact of a chronic administration of CE, BZA or CE + BZA on hemostasis and thrombosis in ovariectomized mice. As expected, CE, but not BZA neither CE + BZA, induced uterine and vagina hypertrophy. As previously demonstrated for 17β-estradiol (E2), we found that CE (i) increased tail-bleeding time, (ii) prevented occlusive thrombus formation in injured carotid artery and (iii) protected against collagen/epinephrine-induced thromboembolism. Thus, whereas BZA antagonized CE action on reproductive tissues, it had no impact on the effect of CE on hemostasis, thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis in mice. CE + BZA shared the anti-thrombotic actions of CE in these mouse models. If a similar process is at work in women, CE combined with BZA could contribute to minimize the risk of thrombosis associated with hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Noirrit
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélissa Buscato
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Dupuis
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Valera
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Correspondence should be addressed to M-C Valera:
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Zimmerman MA, Hutson DD, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lindsey SH. Bazedoxifene-induced vasodilation and inhibition of vasoconstriction is significantly greater than estradiol. Menopause 2019; 26:172-181. [PMID: 30130290 PMCID: PMC6344253 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new strategy for menopausal hormone therapy replaces medroxyprogesterone with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene. While the agonist or antagonist activity of bazedoxifene has been examined in other tissues, the current study explored the impact of bazedoxifene on resistance artery reactivity. We hypothesized that bazedoxifene may induce greater vasoprotective effects than estradiol due to enhanced activation of the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor. METHODS We measured the vasodilation of mesenteric resistance arteries from adult male and female wild-type and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor knockout mice (n = 58) in response to increasing concentrations of bazedoxifene, medroxyprogesterone, and estradiol, and also the impact of these compounds on the responses to phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. RESULTS Bazedoxifene-induced vasorelaxation was greater than estradiol and blunted phenylephrine-induced contraction-an effect not observed with estradiol. Neither estradiol nor bazedoxifene altered relaxation to sodium nitroprusside. The combination of bazedoxifene + estradiol promoted greater vasodilation than medroxyprogesterone + estradiol, and opposed phenylephrine-induced contraction, whereas medroxyprogesterone + estradiol failed to attenuate this response. Both bazedoxifene + estradiol and medroxyprogesterone + estradiol enhanced sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation in females. Vascular responses were similar in both sexes in wild-type and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor knockout mice. CONCLUSION Bazedoxifene and bazedoxifene + estradiol relaxed mesenteric arteries and opposed vasoconstriction to a greater degree than estradiol or medroxyprogesterone + estradiol. These effects were independent of sex and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor expression. We conclude that bazedoxifene may provide vascular benefits over estrogen alone or estrogen plus progestogen combinations in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Zimmerman
- Department of Pharmacology, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Dillion D Hutson
- Department of Pharmacology, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Valéra MC, Fontaine C, Noirrit-Esclassan E, Boudou F, Buscato M, Adlanmerini M, Trémollières F, Gourdy P, Lenfant F, Arnal JF. [Towards an optimization of the modulation of the estrogen receptor during menopausal hormonal therapy]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 34:1056-1062. [PMID: 30623764 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Women now live more than a third of their lives after the onset of menopause. The decline in endogenous estrogen production during this period is accompanied by functional disorders that affect quality of life. These symptoms may be relieved by menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) initially based on the administration of equine conjugated estrogens (mainly in the United States, oral route) or the natural estrogen, 17β-estradiol (in Europe, transdermal route). Estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not ERβ, mediates most of the physiological effects of estrogens. ERα belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and regulates the transcription of genes via its activation functions AF1 and AF2. In addition to these classical genomic actions, estrogens can activate a subpopulation of ERα present at the cell membrane and thereby induce rapid signals. In this review, we will summarize the evolution of MHTs in last decades, as well as treatments that use various selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Next, we will describe recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of estrogen action, in particular the respective roles of nuclear and membrane ERα as well as the potential implications for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile Valéra
- Inserm U1048 et université Toulouse III, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- Inserm U1048 et université Toulouse III, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Frédéric Boudou
- Inserm U1048 et université Toulouse III, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Melissa Buscato
- Inserm U1048 et université Toulouse III, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- Inserm U1048 et université Toulouse III, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Florence Trémollières
- Inserm U1048 et université Toulouse III, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Inserm U1048 et université Toulouse III, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- Inserm U1048 et université Toulouse III, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Inserm U1048 et université Toulouse III, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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