1
|
Wumiti T, Wang L, Xu B, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Zuo X, Qian W, Chu X, Sun H. lncTIMP3 promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via miR-214/Smad4 axis to relieve postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:719. [PMID: 38824271 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09652-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting the balance between bone formation and bone resorption is the main therapeutic goal for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation plays an important regulatory role in this process. Recently, several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of OP and participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of lncRNA tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (lncTIMP3) remains to be investigated. METHODS The characteristics of BMSCs isolated from the PMOP rat model were verified by flow cytometry assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red and Oil Red O staining assays. Micro-CT and HE staining assays were performed to examine histological changes of the vertebral trabeculae of the rats. RT-qPCR and western blotting assays were carried out to measure the RNA and protein expression levels. The subcellular location of lncTIMP3 was analyzed by FISH assay. The targeting relationships were verified by luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS The trabecular spacing was increased in the PMOP rats, while ALP activity and the expression levels of Runx2, Col1a1 and Ocn were all markedly decreased. Among the RNA sequencing results of the clinical samples, lncTIMP3 was the most downregulated differentially expressed lncRNA, also its level was significantly reduced in the OVX rats. Knockdown of lncTIMP3 inhibited osteogenesis of BMSCs, whereas overexpression of lncTIMP3 exhibited the reverse results. Subsequently, lncTIMP3 was confirmed to be located in the cytoplasm of BMSCs, implying its potential as a competing endogenous RNA for miRNAs. Finally, the negative targeting correlations of miR-214 between lncTIMP3 and Smad4 were elucidated in vitro. CONCLUSION lncTIMP3 may delay the progress of PMOP by promoting the activity of BMSC, the level of osteogenic differentiation marker gene and the formation of calcium nodules by acting on the miR-214/Smad4 axis. This finding may offer valuable insights into the possible management of PMOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taxi Wumiti
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Chinese Medicine Centre (International Collaboration between Western Sydney University, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Huishan Hospital of Xinglin College, Nantong University, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214187, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinchen Zuo
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiqing Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Chu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Huishan Hospital of Xinglin College, Nantong University, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214187, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Huishan Hospital of Xinglin College, Nantong University, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214187, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Q, Luo J, Wang H, Zhang L, Guo J, Jin G. GAS5, a long noncoding RNA, contributes to annulus fibroblast osteogenic differentiation and apoptosis in intervertebral disk degeneration via the miR-221-3p/SOX11 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3896-3914. [PMID: 38407972 PMCID: PMC10929823 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
miR-221-3p has been reported to attenuate the osteogenic differentiation of annulus fibrosus cells (AFs), which has been implicated in intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) development. This study aimed to elucidate miR-221-3p's role in osteogenic differentiation and apoptosis of AFs in an IVDD model. After successfully establishing an IVDD rat model by annulus fibrosus needle puncture, AFs were isolated. Bioinformatics, dual-luciferase reporter, and AGO2-RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays predicted and confirmed the potential miR-221-3p lncRNA and gene target. Functional analyses were performed after AF transfection to explore the roles of the identified lncRNA and gene. Western blotting, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alizarin red and TUNEL staining were performed to investigate AF apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation with different transfections. Compared with AFs isolated from sham rats, IVDD-isolated Afs exhibited stronger osteogenic potential and higher apoptosis rates accompanied by miR-221-3p downregulation. The growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) was identified as miR-221-3p's target lncRNA, which was highly expressed in IVDD. GAS5 overexpression facilitated AF apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation, whereas silencing GAS5 had the opposite effect. SRY box-related11 (SOX11) was identified as a downstream miR-221-3p target gene in IVDD. GASS silencing-induced suppression of AF apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation could be reversed by SOX11 overexpression. Our findings uncovered a lncRNA GAS5/miR-221-3p/SOX11 axis in Afs under IVDD, which may help implement novel IVDD therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jiaying Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jingwen Guo
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Guoxin Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ru Y, Ma M, Zhou X, Kriti D, Cohen N, D’Souza S, Schaniel C, Motch Perrine SM, Kuo S, Pinto D, Housman G, Wu M, Holmes G, Schadt E, van Bakel H, Zhang B, Jabs EW. Transcriptomic landscape of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived osteogenic differentiation identifies a regulatory role of KLF16. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.11.579844. [PMID: 38405902 PMCID: PMC10888757 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.11.579844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation is essential for bone development and metabolism, but the underlying gene regulatory networks have not been well investigated. We differentiated mesenchymal stem cells, derived from 20 human induced pluripotent stem cell lines, into preosteoblasts and osteoblasts, and performed systematic RNA-seq analyses of 60 samples for differential gene expression. We noted a highly significant correlation in expression patterns and genomic proximity among transcription factor (TF) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes. We identified TF-TF regulatory networks, regulatory roles of lncRNAs on their neighboring coding genes for TFs and splicing factors, and differential splicing of TF, lncRNA, and splicing factor genes. TF-TF regulatory and gene co-expression network analyses suggested an inhibitory role of TF KLF16 in osteogenic differentiation. We demonstrate that in vitro overexpression of human KLF16 inhibits osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, and in vivo Klf16+/- mice exhibit increased bone mineral density, trabecular number, and cortical bone area. Thus, our model system highlights the regulatory complexity of osteogenic differentiation and identifies novel osteogenic genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ru
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Meng Ma
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Divya Kriti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Present address: Division of Cytogenetics and Molecular Pathology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health Laboratories, Lake Success, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Sunita D’Souza
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Present address: St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan M. Motch Perrine
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sharon Kuo
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Genevieve Housman
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bonilauri B, Ribeiro AL, Spangenberg L, Dallagiovanna B. Unveiling Polysomal Long Non-Coding RNA Expression on the First Day of Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2013. [PMID: 38396700 PMCID: PMC10888724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the fate of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) is essential for elucidating the delicate balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in both healthy and pathological conditions. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators involved in lineage commitment and differentiation of stem cells, operating at various levels of gene regulation, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational processes. To gain deeper insights into the role of lncRNAs' in hASCs' differentiation, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the lncRNA transcriptome (RNA-seq) and translatome (polysomal-RNA-seq) during a 24 h period of adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Our findings revealed distinct expression patterns between the transcriptome and translatome during both differentiation processes, highlighting 90 lncRNAs that are exclusively regulated in the polysomal fraction. These findings underscore the significance of investigating lncRNAs associated with ribosomes, considering their unique expression patterns and potential mechanisms of action, such as translational regulation and potential coding capacity for microproteins. Additionally, we identified specific lncRNA gene expression programs associated with adipogenesis and osteogenesis during the early stages of cell differentiation. By shedding light on the expression and potential functions of these polysome-associated lncRNAs, we aim to deepen our understanding of their involvement in the regulation of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, ultimately paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies and insights into regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Bonilauri
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory (LABCET), Carlos Chagas Institute—Fiocruz/PR, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil;
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Annanda Lyra Ribeiro
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory (LABCET), Carlos Chagas Institute—Fiocruz/PR, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil;
| | - Lucía Spangenberg
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory (LABCET), Carlos Chagas Institute—Fiocruz/PR, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Wang Q, Xue H, Guo Y, Wei S, Li F, Gong L, Pan W, Jiang P. Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy in Bone Metabolism. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae004. [PMID: 38486976 PMCID: PMC10935486 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system is crucial for supporting bodily functions, protecting vital organs, facilitating hematopoiesis, and storing essential minerals. Skeletal homeostasis, which includes aspects such as bone density, structural integrity, and regenerative processes, is essential for normal skeletal function. Autophagy, an intricate intracellular mechanism for degrading and recycling cellular components, plays a multifaceted role in bone metabolism. It involves sequestering cellular waste, damaged proteins, and organelles within autophagosomes, which are then degraded and recycled. Autophagy's impact on bone health varies depending on factors such as regulation, cell type, environmental cues, and physiological context. Despite being traditionally considered a cytoplasmic process, autophagy is subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation within the nucleus. However, the precise influence of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, on cellular fate remains incompletely understood. The interplay between autophagy and epigenetic modifications adds complexity to bone cell regulation. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the intricate interplay between these two regulatory paradigms, with a focus on the epigenetic control of autophagy in bone metabolism. Such an understanding enhances our knowledge of bone metabolism-related disorders and offers insights for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Hongjia Xue
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining 272000, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Linqiang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Weiliang Pan
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining 272000, China
- Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining 272000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Sheng M, Cao H, Zhang L, Shao W. Decoding the role of long non-coding RNAs in periodontitis: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115357. [PMID: 37619483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the pathological loss of alveolar bone and the adjacent periodontal ligament. It is considered a disease that imposes a substantial health burden, with an incidence rate of 20-50%. The etiology of periodontitis is multifactorial, with genetic factors accounting for approximately half of severe cases. Studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in periodontitis pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs have distinct regulatory mechanisms, enabling them to control numerous vital processes in periodontal cells, including osteogenic differentiation, inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of disease development. By highlighting the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, this review offers a new perspective on the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis, paving the way for further investigation into the field of lncRNA-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengfei Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huake Cao
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wei Shao
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
An F, Wang X, Wang C, Liu Y, Sun B, Zhang J, Gao P, Yan C. Research progress on the role of lncRNA-miRNA networks in regulating adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210627. [PMID: 37645421 PMCID: PMC10461560 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by a decrease in osteoblasts and an increase in adipocytes in the bone marrow compartment, alongside abnormal bone/fat differentiation, which ultimately results in imbalanced bone homeostasis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes to maintain bone homeostasis. Several studies have shown that lncRNAs are competitive endogenous RNAs that form a lncRNA-miRNA network by targeting miRNA for the regulation of bone/fat differentiation in BMSCs; this mechanism is closely related to the corresponding treatment of OP and is important in the development of novel OP-targeted therapies. However, by reviewing the current literature, it became clear that there are limited summaries discussing the effects of the lncRNA-miRNA network on osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Therefore, this article provides a review of the current literature to explore the impact of the lncRNA-miRNA network on the osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, with the aim of providing a new theoretical basis for the treatment of OP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaxia Wang
- School of Tradional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bai Sun
- School of Tradional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Tradional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Liu Y, Lei P. LncRNA HOTAIRM1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by targeting miR-152-3p/ETS1 axis. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08466-6. [PMID: 37171551 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts and thus present a tremendous therapeutic potential in osteoporosis. Here, we elucidated the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) HOXA transcript antisense RNA, myeloid-specific 1 (HOTAIRM1) in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression levels of HOTAIRM1, miR-152-3p, ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix, and osteocalcin (OCN) were determined by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot method. Targeted relationship between miR-152-3p and HOTAIRM1 or ETS1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was measured by the ALP Activity Assay Kit. The extent of the calcium deposition was assessed by Alizarin Red Staining. Our data showed that HOTAIRM1 and ETS1 levels were up-regulated and miR-152-3p expression was down-regulated during osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs (HBMSCs). HOTAIRM1 overexpression enhanced osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs, and decreased level of HOTAIRM1 suppressed osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs. HOTAIRM1 directly targeted miR-152-3p. ETS1 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-152-3p. Furthermore, HOTAIRM1 functioned as a post-transcriptional regulator of ETS1 expression by miR-152-3p. CONCLUSION The findings in this paper identify HOTAIRM1 as a novel regulator of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by the regulation of miR-152-3p/ETS1 axis, uncovering HOTAIRM1 as a promising therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin City, 300052, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin City, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin City, 300052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song X, Xu L, Zhang W. Biomimetic synthesis and optimization of extracellular vesicles for bone regeneration. J Control Release 2023; 355:18-41. [PMID: 36706840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Critical-size bone defect repair is in high demand but is difficult to treat. Modern therapies, such as autograft and cell-based treatments, face limitations, including potential immunological rejection and tumorigenesis. Therefore, extracellular vesicle (EV)-based strategies have been proposed as a novel approach for tissue regeneration owing to EVs' complex composition of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as their low immunogenicity and congenital cell-targeting features. Despite these remarkable features of EVs, biomimetic synthesis and optimization of natural EVs can lead to enhanced bioactivity, increased cellular uptake, and specific cell targeting, aiming to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy. To maximize their function, these nanoparticles can be integrated into bone graft biomaterials for superior bone regeneration. Herein, we summarize the role of naturally occurring EVs from distinct cell types in bone regeneration, the current strategies for optimizing biomimetic synthetic EVs in bone regeneration, and discuss the recent advances in applying bone graft biomaterials for the delivery of EVs to bone defect repair. We focused on distinct strategies for optimizing EVs with different functions and the most recent research on achieving time-controlled release of nanoparticles from EV-loaded biomaterials. Furthermore, we thoroughly discuss several current challenges and proposed solutions, aiming to provide insight into current progress, inspiration for future development directions, and incentives for clinical application in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Wang B, Zhou X, Ding H, Sun C, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zhao J. METTL3-mediated long non-coding RNA MIR99AHG methylation targets miR-4660 to promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:476-493. [PMID: 36369887 PMCID: PMC9879177 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2125751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether long non-coding RNA Mir-99a-Let-7c Cluster Host Gene (LncRNA MIR99AHG) is involved in osteoporosis (OP) remains vague, so we hereby center on its implication. Old C57BL/6J mice were injected with the silencing lentivirus of MIR99AHG and subjected to microCT analysis and immunohistochemistry on osteogenic cells. The osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with or without transfection was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S staining. Total N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was quantified. The potential methylation site and the complementary binding sites with candidate microRNA (miR) were predicted via bioinformatic analyses, with the latter being confirmed via dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used for quantification assays. MIR99AHG was decreased during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, where increased Osterix (OSX), Collagen, Type I, Alpha 1 (Col1A1), Osteocalcin (OCN) and RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) as well as more color-stained areas were found. Also, silencing MIR99AHG relieved the OP in mice and reduced the loss of osteogenic cells. M6A methylation in undifferentiated BMSCs was low and MIR99AHG overexpression abolished the effects of overexpressed METTL3 on promoting osteogenic differentiation. MiR-4660, which was downregulated in BMSCs without differentiation but increased during osteogenic differentiation, could bind with MIR99AHG. Furthermore, miR-4660 promoted osteogenic differentiation and reversed the effects of overexpressed MIR99AHG. The present study demonstrated that METTL3-mediated LncRNA MIR99AHG methylation enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via targeting miR-4660.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Beiyue Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Z, Wen S, Zhong M, Yang Z, Xiong W, Zhang K, Yang S, Li H, Guo S. Epigenetics: Novel crucial approach for osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231175364. [PMID: 37342486 PMCID: PMC10278427 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231175364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone has a robust regenerative potential, but its capacity to repair critical-sized bone defects is limited. In recent years, stem cells have attracted significant interest for their potential in tissue engineering. Applying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for enhancing bone regeneration is a promising therapeutic strategy. However, maintaining optimal cell efficacy or viability of MSCs is limited by several factors. Epigenetic modification can cause changes in gene expression levels without changing its sequence, mainly including nucleic acids methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. This modification is believed to be one of the determinants of MSCs fate and differentiation. Understanding the epigenetic modification of MSCs can improve the activity and function of stem cells. This review summarizes recent advances in the epigenetic mechanisms of MSCs differentiation into osteoblast lineages. We expound that epigenetic modification of MSCs can be harnessed to treat bone defects and promote bone regeneration, providing potential therapeutic targets for bone-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Si Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meiqi Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ziming Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huizheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tan AQ, Zheng YF. The Roles of SNHG Family in Osteoblast Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122268. [PMID: 36553535 PMCID: PMC9777675 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs), members of long-chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have received increasing attention regarding their roles in multiple bone diseases. Studies have revealed that SNHGs display unique expression profile during osteoblast differentiation and that they could act as promising biomarkers of certain bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an important part of bone repair and reconstruction. Moreover, studies confirmed that the SNHG family participate in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in part by regulating important pathways of osteogenesis, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Based on these observations, clarifying the SNHG family's roles in osteogenesis (especially in MSCs) and their related mechanisms would provide novel ideas for possible applications of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of bone diseases. After searching, screening, browsing and intensive reading, we uncovered more than 30 papers related to the SNHG family and osteoblast differentiation that were published in recent years. Here, our review aims to summarize these findings in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu G, Luo S, Lei Y, Jiao M, Cao R, Guan H, Tian R, Wang K, Yang P. Osteogenesis-Related Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 as a Novel Biomarker for Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:857612. [PMID: 35392165 PMCID: PMC8980611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.857612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The lack of effective biomarkers makes it difficult to achieve early diagnosis and intervention for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Hence, we aimed to identify novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) biomarkers for ONFH. Methods: High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to detect lncRNA and mRNA expression levels in subchondral bone samples from three patients with ONFH and three patients with femoral neck fractures. Integrated bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify lncRNAs associated with ONFH development and their potential functions and signaling pathways. A co-expression network was constructed based on the gene time-series expression data in GSE113253. After selecting lncRNA GAS5 as a novel biomarker for ONFH, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation assays were performed to verify the association between lncRNA GAS5 and osteogenic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to measure the osteogenic phenotype and lncRNA GAS5 expression. Finally, for further validation, ONFH rat models were established, and lncRNA GAS5 expression in subchondral bone was detected by RT-qPCR. Results: We identified 126 and 959 differentially expressed lncRNAs and genes, respectively. lncRNA GAS5 expression level was significantly downregulated in patients with ONFH compared to the control group patients. The BMSC osteogenic differentiation assays showed that ALP activity increased gradually from days 3 to 7, while the lncRNA GAS5 expression level was significantly upregulated in the osteogenic differentiation induction groups. Furthermore, in vivo experiments suggested that the bone volume/tissue volume value and trabecular thickness significantly decreased in the ONFH rat model group compared to the control group, whereas the trabecular space significantly increased in the ONFH group compared to the control group. In addition, the lncRNA GAS5 expression level significantly decreased in the ONFH rat model group. Conclusion: The lncRNA GAS5 expression level was highly associated with BMSC osteogenic differentiation and was significantly downregulated in both the subchondral trabecular bone tissue of ONFH patients and ONFH rat models. Therefore, lncRNA GAS5 can serve as an ONFH osteogenic biomarker to provide an effective target for early diagnosis and molecular therapy of ONFH.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou Z, Chen J, Huang Y, Liu D, Chen S, Qin S. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5: A New Factor Involved in Bone Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:807419. [PMID: 35155450 PMCID: PMC8826583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.807419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as an important type of RNA encoded in the human transcriptome, have shown to regulate different genomic processes in human cells, altering cell type and function. These factors are associated with carcinogenesis, cancer metastasis, bone diseases, and immune system diseases, among other pathologies. Although many lncRNAs are involved in various diseases, the molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs contribute to regulation of disease are still unclear. The lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is a key player that we initially found to be associated with regulating cell growth, differentiation, and development. Further work has shown that GAS5 is involved in the occurrence and prognosis of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, and postosteoporotic fracture. In this review, we discuss recent progress on the roles of GAS5 in bone diseases to establish novel targets for the treatment of bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zimo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Da Liu,
| | - Senxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sen Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ping J, Li L, Dong Y, Wu X, Huang X, Sun B, Zeng B, Xu F, Liang W. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Bone Regeneration: Modulating MiRNAs Function. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 16:227-243. [PMID: 34958714 DOI: 10.1002/term.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although bone is a self-healing organ and is able to repair and restore most fractures, large bone fractures, about 10%, are not repairable. Bone grafting, as a gold standard, and bone tissue engineering using biomaterials, growth factors, and stem cells have been developed to restore large bone defects. Since bone regeneration is a complex and multiple-step process and the majority of the human genome, about 98%, is composed of the non-protein-coding regions, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play essential roles in bone regeneration. Recent studies demonstrated that long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as members of ncRNAs, are widely involved in bone regeneration by interaction with microRNAs (miRNAs) and constructing a lncRNA or circRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory network. The constructed network regulates the differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts and their commitment to osteogenesis. This review will present the structure and biogenesis of lncRNAs and circRNAs, the mechanism of bone repair, and the bone tissue engineering in bone defects. Finally, we will discuss the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in osteogenesis and bone fracture healing through constructing various lncRNA or circRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks and the involved pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ping
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Laifeng Li
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Affiliated Jinan Third Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jinan, 250132, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinchang People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312500, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaogang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Geng Y, Chen J, Chang C, Zhang Y, Duan L, Zhu W, Mou L, Xiong J, Wang D. Systematic Analysis of mRNAs and ncRNAs in BMSCs of Senile Osteoporosis Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:776984. [PMID: 34987549 PMCID: PMC8721150 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.776984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is a worldwide age-related disease characterized by the loss of bone mass and decrease in bone strength. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play an important role in the pathology of senile osteoporosis. Abnormal expression and regulation of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) are involved in a variety of human diseases. In the present study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and ncRNAs in senile osteoporosis patient-derived BMSCs via high-throughput transcriptome sequencing in combination with bioinformatics analysis. As a result, 415 mRNAs, 30 lncRNAs, 6 circRNAs and 27 miRNAs were found to be significantly changed in the senile osteoporosis group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were applied to analyze the function of differentially expressed mRNAs and ncRNAs. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network was constructed using the cytoHubba plugin based on the Cytoscape software. Interestingly, circRNA008876-miR-150-5p-mRNA was the sole predicted circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. The differential expression profile of this ceRNA network was further verified by qRT-PCR. The biological function of this network was validated by overexpression and knockdown experiments. In conclusion, circRNA008876-miR-150-5p-mRNA could be an important ceRNA network involved in senile osteoporosis, which provides potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for senile osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Geng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinfu Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chongfei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifen Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyi Xiong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Daping Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Long non-coding RNA GAS5 inhibits osteogenic differentiation through miR-382-3p/ TAF1 signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 42:e0054120. [PMID: 34898279 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00541-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed as important regulators during osteogenic differentiation. Previous researches have disclosed that growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) can promote the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchyml stem cells (hBMSCs), but the underlying regulatory mechanism of GAS5 during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs is unclear. Methods: Osteogenic differentiation was induced in hBMSCs by using osteogenic medium (OM). Gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR or western blot assays as needed. ALP activity, ALP staining and ARS staining assays were performed to evaluate the impact of GAS5, microRNA-382-3p (miR-382-3p) and TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1 (TAF1) on osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The interaction among GAS5, miR-382-3p and TAF1 was determined by RIP, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays. Results: Expression of GAS5 (transcript variant 2) was down-regulated during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and its overexpression retarded the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. GAS5 inhibited miR-382-3p through targeting RNA-directed microRNA degradation (TDMD). MiR-382-3p down-regulation partially offset the promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs upon GAS5 silencing. TAF1 negatively modulated osteogenic differentiation and it activated GAS5 transcription so as to form a positive GAS5/miR-382-3p/TAF1 feedback loop in hBMSCs. Conclusion: This research was the first to reveal that the GAS5/miR-382-3p/TAF1 feedback loop inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, which provided new clues for exploring the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation and disclosed the potential of GAS5 as a promising target during osteogenic differentiation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Wu X, Shi Y, Zhao H. FGD5-AS1 facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via targeting the miR-506-3p/BMP7 axis. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:665. [PMID: 34772438 PMCID: PMC8588622 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by impaired bone formation, increased bone resorption, and brittle bone fractures. The osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) is considered to be a vital process for bone formation. Numerous studies have reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5-AS1) on osteogenic differentiation. METHODS RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression of FGD5-AS1, miR-506-3p, and osteogenesis-related genes OCN, OPN, OSX, and RUNX2. Western blotting was carried out to detect the protein levels of osteogenesis-related markers. In addition, the regulatory effect of FGD5-AS1 on osteogenic differentiation was detected through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to predict and validate the interaction between FGD5-AS1 and miR-506-3p as well as miR-506-3p and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7). RESULTS The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that FGD5-AS1 was upregulated in hBMSCs following induction of osteogenic differentiation. In addition, FGD5-AS1 knockdown attenuated hBMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays verified that FGD5-AS1 could directly interact with microRNA (miR)-506-3p. Furthermore, miR-506-3p could directly target the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of BMP7. Additionally, functional assays demonstrated that miR-506-3p silencing could restore the suppressive effect of FGD5-AS1 knockdown on osteogenic differentiation and viability of hBMSCs, and miR-506-3p could attenuate osteogenic differentiation via targeting BMP7. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that FGD5-AS1 could positively regulate the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via targeting the miR-506-3p/BMP7 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 25 Heping North Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xingbiao Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 25 Heping North Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yaohua Shi
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 25 Heping North Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 25 Heping North Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li J, Lu L, Liu Y, Yu X. Bone marrow adiposity during pathologic bone loss: molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular events. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:167-183. [PMID: 34751809 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a heterogeneous niche where bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, adipocytes, hematopoietic cells, and immune cells coexist. The cellular composition of BM changes with various pathophysiological states. A reduction in osteoblast number and a concomitant increase in adipocyte number in aging and pathological conditions put bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) into spotlight. Accumulating evidence strongly supports that an overwhelming production of BMAT is a major contributor to bone loss disorders. Therefore, BMAT-targeted therapy can be an efficient and feasible intervention for osteoporosis. However, compared to blocking bone-destroying molecules produced by BMAT, suppressing BMAT formation is theoretically a more effective and fundamental approach in treating osteoporotic bone diseases. Thus, a deep insight into the molecular basis underlying increased BM adiposity during pathologic bone loss is critical to formulate strategies for therapeutically manipulating BMAT. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs as well as the interaction between bone marrow adipocytes and osteoclasts. More importantly, we further discuss the potential clinical implications of therapeutically targeting the upstream of BMAT formation in bone loss diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Echave M, Erezuma I, Golafshan N, Castilho M, Kadumudi F, Pimenta-Lopes C, Ventura F, Pujol A, Jimenez J, Camara J, Hernáez-Moya R, Iturriaga L, Sáenz Del Burgo L, Iloro I, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Lakshminarayanan R, Al-Tel T, García-García P, Reyes R, Delgado A, Évora C, Pedraz J, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Orive G. Bioinspired gelatin/bioceramic composites loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) promote osteoporotic bone repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
21
|
Wang Y, Xue M, Xia F, Zhu L, Jia D, Gao Y, Li L, Shi Y, Li Y, Chen S, Xu G, Yuan C. Long noncoding RNA GAS5 in age-related diseases. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2863-2877. [PMID: 34711157 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211027123932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging refers to a natural process and a universal phenomenon in all cells, tissues, organs and the whole organism. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with the length of 200 nucleotides. LncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (lncRNA GAS5) is often down-regulated in cancer. The accumulation of lncRNA GAS5 has been found to be able to inhibit cancer growth, invasion and metastasis, while enhancing the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapy drugs. LncRNA GAS5 can be a signaling protein, which is specifically transcribed under different triggering conditions. Subsequently, it is involved in signal transmission in numerous pathways as a signal node. LncRNA GAS5, with a close relationship to multiple miRNAs, was suggested to be involved in the signaling pathway under three action modes (i.e., signal, bait and guidance). LncRNA GAS5 was found to be involved in different age-related diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, cancer etc.). This study mainly summarized the regulatory effect exerted by lncRNA GAS5 on age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Mengzhen Xue
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Fangqi Xia
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Leiqi Zhu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Dengke Jia
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Luoying Li
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Yue Shi
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Yuanyang Li
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Silong Chen
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Guangfu Xu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu W, Li Q, Liu YF, Li Y. lncRNA GAS5 regulates angiogenesis by targeting miR‑10a‑3p/VEGFA in osteoporosis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:711. [PMID: 34396445 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a severe bone disease commonly occurring in older males and postmenopausal females. Previous studies have shown that long non‑coding (lnc)RNA growth arrest‑specific 5 (GAS5) serves an important role in osteoporosis. However, its role is unclear and requires further exploration. The relative expression levels of GAS5 and miR‑10a‑3p in the serum samples of patients with osteoporosis, as well as the relative expression levels of GAS5, microRNA (miR)‑10a‑3p and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA in osteoblasts, were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. ELISA and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of VEGFA. A Matrigel angiogenesis test was used to assess the effects on angiogenesis. RNA binding interactions between GAS5/miR‑10a‑3p and miR‑10a‑3p/VEGFA were evaluated using dual‑luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, the effects of the GAS5/miR‑10a‑3p/VEGFA axis were investigated via ELISA, western blotting and Matrigel angiogenesis. GAS5 was significantly downregulated and miR‑10a‑3p was upregulated in patients with osteoporosis. Overexpression of GAS5 promoted angiogenesis. GAS5 acted as a sponge of miR‑10a‑3p; VEGFA was a target gene of miR‑10a‑3p. GAS5 induced angiogenesis by inhibiting miR‑10a‑3p and enhancing VEGFA expression. These results indicated that GAS5 overexpression increased angiogenesis by inhibiting miR‑10a‑3p, promoting the expression of VEGFA. The present study revealed a novel mechanism and provided novel targets for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qiu Y, Zhu G, Zeng C, Yuan S, Qian Y, Ye Z, Zhao S, Li R. Next‑generation sequencing of miRNAs and lncRNAs from rat femur and tibia under mechanical stress. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:561. [PMID: 34109424 PMCID: PMC8201655 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise intervention has become one of the most effective methods to prevent and treat osteoporosis, which is a common age‑related disease and seriously affects the health and quality of life of the elderly. However, the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated the exercise‑induced promotion of osteogenic differentiation and inhibition of adipogenic differentiation in femur and tibia by establishing an animal exercise model using a treadmill exercise system. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) and long non‑coding (lnc)RNA sequencing analyses identified 16 upregulated and two downregulated miRNAs in the exercise group, as well as 44 upregulated lncRNAs and 39 downregulated lncRNAs in the exercise group. There was increased expression of miR‑9942 and miR‑7704 in both the femur and tibia and an upregulation of miR‑30d, miR‑5100 and miR‑1260 in the femur of animals from the exercise group. In addition, four of the five most downregulated lncRNAs, including lncRNA MSTRG.2625, lncRNA MSTRG.1557, lncRNA MSTRG.691 and lncRNA MSTRG.7497, were demonstrated to be suppressed in both the femur and tibia after treadmill exercise. The results of the present study provided a valuable resource for further exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of osteoporosis by exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Section II, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Guozheng Zhu
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Canjun Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
| | - Song Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, Tibet 860000, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
| | - Zelin Ye
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shanwen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
| | - Runguang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, Tibet 860000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure, which predisposes to higher risks of bone fragility and bone fracture. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs with a length of > 200 nucleotides without protein-coding function, which control the expression of genes and affect multiple biological processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs are widely involved in the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis. This review aims to summarize the function and underlying mechanism of lncRNAs involved in the development of osteoporosis, and how it contributes to osteoblast and osteoclast function. This knowledge will shed new light on the modulation and potential treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinxi He
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aurilia C, Donati S, Palmini G, Miglietta F, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. The Involvement of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083909. [PMID: 33920083 PMCID: PMC8069547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A harmonious balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity guarantees optimal bone formation and resorption, pathological conditions affecting the bone may arise. In recent years, emerging evidence has shown that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role during osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis processes, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These molecules are a class of ncRNAs with lengths exceeding 200 nucleotides not translated into protein, that have attracted the attention of the scientific community as potential biomarkers to use for the future development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for several pathologies, including bone diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the lncRNAs and their possible molecular mechanisms in the osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis processes. The deregulation of their expression profiles in common diseases associated with an altered bone turnover is also described. In perspective, lncRNAs could be considered potential innovative molecular biomarkers to help with earlier diagnosis of bone metabolism-related disorders and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Aurilia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (S.D.); (G.P.); (F.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Simone Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (S.D.); (G.P.); (F.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Gaia Palmini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (S.D.); (G.P.); (F.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Francesca Miglietta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (S.D.); (G.P.); (F.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (S.D.); (G.P.); (F.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (S.D.); (G.P.); (F.M.); (T.I.)
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Involvement of the long noncoding RNA H19 in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:74. [PMID: 33478579 PMCID: PMC7819155 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration are complex processes involving multiple genes and multiple steps. In this review, we summarize the effects of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 on osteogenic differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation includes matrix secretion and calcium mineralization as hallmarks of osteoblast differentiation and the absorption of calcium and phosphorus as hallmarks of osteoclast differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) form osteoprogenitor cells, pre-osteoblasts, mature osteoblasts, and osteocytes through induction and differentiation. lncRNAs regulate the expression of coding genes and play essential roles in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. The lncRNA H19 is known to have vital roles in osteogenic induction. This review highlights the role of H19 as a novel target for osteogenic differentiation and the promotion of bone regeneration.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lu DG, Lu MJ, Yao SH, Lin JJ, Luo S, Wei JH, Tang YJ. Long non-coding RNA TUG1 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway. Biomed Res 2021; 42:239-246. [PMID: 34937823 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Promoting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts is an effective strategy against osteoporosis. Long non-coding RNAs are closely implicated in BMSC osteogenic differentiation. The present study explored the expression pattern and biological role of taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in osteogenic differentiation. The expressions of TUG1 and osteogenic markers following the osteogenic induction of BMSCs were detected. The functional relevance of TUG1 was evaluated by performing gain- and loss-of-function tests. Inhibitors of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) autophagy were applied to ascertain the effects of TUG1 on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. TUG1 expression increased during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The overexpression of TUG1 was promoted, whereas the knockdown of TUG1 was suppressed, by BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Mechanically, TUG1 promoted the osteogenesis of BMSCs via the AMPK-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-autophagy signaling pathway. Blocking AMPK and autophagy could abrogate the osteogenic role of TUG1 in BMSCs. These results demonstrated that TUG1 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy axis, suggesting that targeting TUG1 may be a potential therapy for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Gui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities
| | - Mei-Jiao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities
| | - Shun-Han Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities
| | - Jia-Jie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities
| | - Su Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities
| | - Ji-Hua Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities
| | - Yu-Jin Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li M, Xie Z, Li J, Lin J, Zheng G, Liu W, Tang S, Cen S, Ye G, Li Z, Yu W, Wang P, Wu Y, Shen H. GAS5 protects against osteoporosis by targeting UPF1/SMAD7 axis in osteoblast differentiation. eLife 2020; 9:e59079. [PMID: 33006314 PMCID: PMC7609060 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common systemic skeletal disorder resulting in bone fragility and increased fracture risk. It is still necessary to explore its detailed mechanisms and identify novel targets for the treatment of osteoporosis. Previously, we found that a lncRNA named GAS5 in human could negatively regulate the lipoblast/adipocyte differentiation. However, it is still unclear whether GAS5 affects osteoblast differentiation and whether GAS5 is associated with osteoporosis. Our current research found that GAS5 was decreased in the bones and BMSCs, a major origin of osteoblast, of osteoporosis patients. Mechanistically, GAS5 promotes the osteoblast differentiation by interacting with UPF1 to degrade SMAD7 mRNA. Moreover, a decreased bone mass and impaired bone repair ability were observed in Gas5 heterozygous mice, manifesting in osteoporosis. The systemic supplement of Gas5-overexpressing adenoviruses significantly ameliorated bone loss in an osteoporosis mouse model. In conclusion, GAS5 promotes osteoblast differentiation by targeting the UPF1/SMAD7 axis and protects against osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Guan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Su'an Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuizhong Cen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy,The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Circulating Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5 Is Overexpressed in Serum from Osteoporotic Patients and Is Associated with Increased Risk of Bone Fragility. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186930. [PMID: 32967315 PMCID: PMC7554802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a multifactorial disorder in which environmental factors along with genetic variants and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulators of bone metabolism and OP aetiology. In this study, we analyzed the expression level and the genetic association of lncRNA GAS5 in OP patients compared to controls. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of GAS5 was performed on the serum of 56 OP patients and 28 healthy individuals. OP subjects were divided into three groups of analysis: 29 with fragility fractures of lumbar spine (OP_VF), 14 with fragility fractures of femoral neck (OP_FF) and 13 without fractures (OP_WF). Genotyping of the rs145204276 insertion/deletion polymorphism has also been performed by Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing analyses. Expression of circulating GAS5 is significantly increased in OP patients compared to controls (p < 0.01), with a statistically higher significance in fractured OP individuals vs. healthy subjects (p < 0.001). No statistically significant change was found in female OP patients; conversely, GAS5 is upregulated in the subgroup of fractured OP women sera (p < 0.01) and in all OP males (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a direct correlation between GAS5 expression level and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was found in OP patients (r = 0.2930; p = 0.0389). Genetic analysis of rs145204276 revealed that the deletion allele was correlated with a higher expression of GAS5 in OP patients (0.22 ± 0.02 vs. 0.15 ± 0.01, ** p < 0.01). Our results suggest circulating GAS5 as a putative biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of OP and OP-related fractures.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pan Z, Ding J, Yang Z, Li H, Ding H, Chen Q. LncRNA FLVCR1-AS1 promotes proliferation, migration and activates Wnt/β-catenin pathway through miR-381-3p/CTNNB1 axis in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32518523 PMCID: PMC7275497 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in carcinogenesis is conducive for providing potential target for cancers. The role of FLVCR1-AS1 in breast cancer (BC) has not been probed yet. Materials and methods qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used to estimate relevant expressions of mRNAs and proteins. CCK8, MTT and EdU were implemented to assess cell proliferation ability. TUNEL was performed to investigate cell apoptosis, whereas transwell assay was performed to test cell migration and invasion capacities. TOP/FOP Flash assay was conducted to determine the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Luciferase reporter, RNA pull down and RIP assays were performed to verify interaction between genes. Results FLVCR1-AS1 was abnormally up-regulated in BC cells. Silencing FLVCR1-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, yet accelerating apoptosis. Inhibition of miR-381-3p reversed the tumor restraining impacts of FLVCR1-AS1 depletion on BC progression. Additionally, CTNNB1 was recognized to be targeted by miR-381-3p. FLVCR1-AS1 aggravated BC malignant progression via up-regulation CTNNB1 through sponging miR-381-3p. Conclusion FLVCR1-AS1 regulates BC malignant behavior via sequestering miR-381-3p and then freeing CTNNB1, implying a promising target for BC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199 China
| | - Junbin Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199 China
| | - Huaqing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199 China
| | - Hongjian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199 China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199 China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Song W, Xie J, Li J, Bao C, Xiao Y. The Emerging Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Bone Homeostasis and Their Potential Application in Bone-Related Diseases. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:926-937. [PMID: 32352840 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has announced the emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating bone homeostasis due to their potential regulating effects on bone-related cells' proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. Thus, lncRNAs have been considered as a promising gene tool to facilitate the bone regeneration process and then to predict and cure bone-related diseases such as osteosarcoma, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. In this review, we first enumerated several kinds of dysregulated lncRNAs and concisely summarized their regulating role in bone formation as well as resorption process. The related mechanisms were also discussed, respectively. Then, the positive or negative behavior of these lncRNAs in bone-related diseases was elucidated. This review provides an in-depth sight about the lncRNA's clinical values and limitations, which is conducive to explore new gene targets and further establish new therapeutic strategies for bone-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Centofanti F, Santoro M, Marini M, Visconti VV, Rinaldi AM, Celi M, D’Arcangelo G, Novelli G, Orlandi A, Tancredi V, Tarantino U, Botta A. Identification of Aberrantly-Expressed Long Non-Coding RNAs in Osteoblastic Cells from Osteoporotic Patients. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E65. [PMID: 32204466 PMCID: PMC7148473 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. One of the main causes of the bone homeostasis alteration is inflammation resulting in excessive bone resorption. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have a crucial role in regulating many important biological processes in bone, including inflammation. We designed our study to identify lncRNAs misregulated in osteoblast primary cultures derived from OP patients (n = 4), and controls (CTRs, n = 4) with the aim of predicting possible RNA and/or protein targets implicated in this multifactorial disease. We focused on 84 lncRNAs regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes and miRNAs. In silico analysis was utilized to predict the interaction of lncRNAs with miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins targets. Six lncRNAs were significantly down-regulated in OP patients compared to controls: CEP83-AS1, RP11-84C13.1, CTC-487M23.5, GAS5, NCBP2-AS2, and SDCBP2-AS1. Bioinformatic analyses identified HDCA2, PTX3, and FGF2 proteins as downstream targets of CTC-487M23.5, GAS5, and RP11-84C13.1 lncRNAs mediated by the interaction with miRNAs implicated in OP pathogenesis, including miR-21-5p. Altogether, these data open a new regulatory mechanism of gene expression in bone homeostasis and could direct the development of future therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Centofanti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.O.)
| | | | - Mario Marini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (V.T.)
- Center of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Veronica Visconti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Genetics Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (G.N.)
| | - Anna Maria Rinaldi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (V.T.)
- Center of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Celi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (V.T.)
- Center of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Genetics Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (G.N.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Unit of Medical Genetics, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (V.T.)
- Center of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, PTV Foundation, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Genetics Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (G.N.)
| |
Collapse
|