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Lin YT, Wu KH, Jhang JJ, Jhang JL, Yu Z, Tsai SC, Chen JC, Hsu PH, Li HY. Hypothalamic NPFFR2 attenuates central insulin signaling and its knockout diminishes metabolic dysfunction in mouse models of diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:603-619. [PMID: 38301284 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamus is a crucial brain region that mediates the effects of insulin and leptin signals on peripheral metabolic functions. Previous research has shown that insulin signals in the hypothalamus act via multiple neuronal circuits and anabolic/catabolic pathways that converge on the vagus nerve and sympathetic fibers to coordinate energy metabolism in peripheral organs. Additionally, neuropeptide FF (NPFF) has been identified as a regulator of feeding behaviors and energy homeostasis in the hypothalamus, but the mechanisms underlying its involvement in metabolic control remain unclear. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of NPFF in modulating metabolic disorders. METHODS In this study, we investigated the physiological role of NPFF in insulin-related energy homeostasis and metabolic health. First, we evaluated the effects of NPFF and its receptors on central insulin signaling using mouse hypothalamic cell lines and Npffr2-overexpressing mice. To further explore the effects of NPFFR2 on insulin-related metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, we used Npffr2-deleted mice in combination with the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes and high-fat diet/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic mouse models. The impacts of central NPFFR2 were demonstrated specifically through Npffr2 overexpression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, which subsequently induced type 2 diabetes. RESULTS We found that stimulating NPFFR2 in the hypothalamus blocked hypothalamic insulin activity. Npffr2 deletion improved central and peripheral metabolic symptoms in both mouse models of diabetes mellitus, exerting effects on central and systemic insulin resistance, feeding behaviors, glucose and insulin intolerance, lipid metabolism, liver steatosis, and inflammation of white adipose tissues. The overexpression of ARC Npffr2 augmented the metabolic dysregulation in the mouse model of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that hypothalamic NPFFR2 negatively regulates insulin signaling in the central nervous system and plays an important role in maintaining systemic metabolic health, thereby providing valuable insights for potential clinical interventions targeting these health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition & TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Jhu Jhang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Lan Jhang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Zachary Yu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Chi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition & TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology & Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Hsu
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yun Li
- Department of Natural Sciences, Oregon Institute of Technology, 3201 Campus Drive, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA
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Huang L, Deng X, Yang X, Tang Z, Fan S, Zhou Z, Tao M, Liu S. Cloning, distribution, and effects of growth regulation of MC3R and MC4R in red crucian carp ( Carassius auratus red var.). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1310000. [PMID: 38322156 PMCID: PMC10846643 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1310000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R), G protein-coupled receptors, play vital roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. To understand the functions of mc3r and mc4r in the energy homeostasis of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var., RCC), we cloned mc3r and mc4r, analyzed the tissue expression and localization of the genes, and investigated the effects of knockout of mc3r (mc3r +/-) and mc4r (mc4r +/-) in RCC. Results The full-length cDNAs of RCC mc3r and mc4r were 1459 base pairs (bp) and 1894 bp, respectively. qRT-PCR indicated that mc3r and mc4r were profusely expressed in the brain, but lower expressed in the periphery tissues. ISH revealed that mc3r and mc4r were located in NPP, NPO, NAPv, NSC, NAT, NRL, NLTl, and NLTp of the brain, suggesting that mc3r and mc4r might regulate many physiological and behavioral aspects in RCC. To further verify the roles of mc3r and mc4r in energy homeostasis, the mc3r+/- and mc4r+/- fish were obtained by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The average body weights, total lengths, body depths, and food intake of mc4r+/- fish were significantly higher than those of mc3r+/- and the normal wild-type (WT) fish, but there was no difference between the mc3r+/- and WT fish, indicating that the RCC phenotype and food intake were mainly influenced by mc4r but not mc3r. Interestingly, mc4r+/- fish displayed more visceral fat mass than mc3r+/- and WT fish, and mc3r+/- fish also exhibited slightly more visceral fat mass compared to WT. RNA-seq of the liver and muscle revealed that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) differed in WT vs. mc3r+/-, WT vs. mc4r+/-, and mc3r+/- vs. mc4r+/-, mainly related to lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways such as steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, wnt signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway, thereby affecting lipid accumulation and growth. Conclusion In conclusion, these results will assist in the further investigation of the molecular mechanisms in which MC3R and MC4R were involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang T, Zhang M, Sun Y, Li L, Cheng P, Li X, Wang N, Chen S, Xu W. Identification and Functional Analysis of foxo Genes in Chinese Tongue Sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087625. [PMID: 37108789 PMCID: PMC10142177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a traditional, precious fish in China. Due to the large growth difference between males and females, the investigation of their sex determination and differentiation mechanisms receives a great deal of attention. Forkhead Box O (FoxO) plays versatile roles in the regulation of sex differentiation and reproduction. Our recent transcriptomic analysis has shown that foxo genes may participate in the male differentiation and spermatogenesis of Chinese tongue sole. In this study, six Csfoxo members (Csfoxo1a, Csfoxo3a, Csfoxo3b, Csfoxo4, Csfoxo6-like, and Csfoxo1a-like) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these six members were clustered into four groups corresponding to their denomination. The expression patterns of the gonads at different developmental stages were further analyzed. All members showed high levels of expression in the early stages (before 6 months post-hatching), and this expression was male-biased. In addition, promoter analysis found that the addition of C/EBPα and c-Jun transcription factors enhanced the transcriptional activities of Csfoxo1a, Csfoxo3a, Csfoxo3b, and Csfoxo4. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of the Csfoxo1a, Csfoxo3a, and Csfoxo3b genes in the testicular cell line of Chinese tongue sole affected the expression of genes related to sex differentiation and spermatogenesis. These results have broadened the understanding of foxo's function and provide valuable data for studying the male differentiation of tongue sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- School of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mengqian Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lu Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Na Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenteng Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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Liu B, Wen H, Yang J, Li X, Li G, Zhang J, Wu S, Butts IAE, He F. Hypoxia Affects HIF-1/LDH-A Signaling Pathway by Methylation Modification and Transcriptional Regulation in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081233. [PMID: 36009861 PMCID: PMC9405012 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary With global climate change and increased aquaculture production, fishes in natural waters or aquaculture systems are easily subjected to hypoxic stress. However, our understanding about their responsive mechanisms to hypoxia is still limited. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a widely cultivated marine economical flatfish, whose hypoxic responsive mechanisms are not fully researched. In this study, responses to hypoxia were investigated at blood physiological, biochemical, hormonal, and molecular levels. Responsive mechanisms of the HIF-1/LDH-A signaling pathway in epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation were also researched. These results are important for enriching the theory of environmental responsive mechanisms and guiding aquaculture. Abstract Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) responsive mechanisms to hypoxia are still not fully understood. Therefore, we performed an acute hypoxic treatment (dissolved oxygen at 2.07 ± 0.08 mg/L) on Japanese flounder. It was confirmed that the hypoxic stress affected the physiological phenotype through changes in blood physiology (RBC, HGB, WBC), biochemistry (LDH, ALP, ALT, GLU, TC, TG, ALB), and hormone (cortisol) indicators. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), an essential oxygen homeostasis mediator in organisms consisting of an inducible HIF-1α and a constitutive HIF-1β, and its target gene LDH-A were deeply studied. Results showed that HIF-1α and LDH-A genes were co-expressed and significantly affected by hypoxic stress. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that transcription factor HIF-1 transcriptionally regulated the LDH-A gene, and its transcription binding sequence was GGACGTGA located at −2343~−2336. The DNA methylation status of HIF-1α and LDH-A genes were detected to understand the mechanism of environmental stress on genes. It was found that hypoxia affected the HIF-1α gene and LDH-A gene methylation levels. The study uncovered HIF-1/LDH-A signaling pathway responsive mechanisms of Japanese flounder to hypoxia in epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation. Our study is significant to further the understanding of environmental responsive mechanisms as well as providing a reference for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Guangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ian AE Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- Correspondence:
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Liu B, Li G, Yang J, Li X, Wang H, Yang J, Wen H, He F. The mechanism of immune related signal pathway Egr2-FasL-Fas in transcription regulation and methylated modification of Paralichthys olivaceus under acute hypoxia stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:152-163. [PMID: 35219829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis genes Egr2, Fas and FasL are related to immune responses. However, the mechanism of these genes inducing apoptosis in fish are still not very clear. An acute hypoxia treatment (1.73 ± 0.06 mg/L) for 24 h was carried out on Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The increasingly dense apoptotic signals at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h by TUNEL in skeletal muscle indicated that hypoxia could quickly affect muscle growth and development. Furthermore, we concluded that the Egr2-FasL-Fas signal pathway, which was located at the upstream of apoptotic executor protein caspases, was related to the apoptosis by quantitative real-time PCR, protein concentration detection in ELISA and double gene in situ hybridization methods. The mechanism of the pathway was researched in transcription regulation and epigenetic modification by dual-luciferase reporter assay and bisulfite modified method, respectively. Egr2, as a transcription factor, could up-regulate the expression of FasL gene. And its binding site was mainly between -479 to -1 of FasL gene promoter. The 5th CpG dinucleotides (-514) methylation levels in FasL gene were significantly affected by hypoxia, and they were negatively correlated with its expressions. These suggested that the -514 site may be a very important site to regulate the FasL gene expression. Above results, we concluded that hypoxia activated the immune related signal pathway Egr2-FasL-Fas to induced skeletal muscle apoptosis to affect growth and development of Japanese flounder. The study revealed the mechanism of hypoxia induced apoptosis, which could provide a reference for fish immunity and aquaculture management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Guangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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Yang J, Liu B, Li X, Li G, Wen H, Qi X, Li Y, He F. Immune correlates of NF-κB and TNFα promoter DNA methylation in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) muscle and immune parameters change response to vibrio anguillarum infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:578-586. [PMID: 34655738 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum infection can activate NF-κB/TNFα pathway in the immune organs of fish. Fish muscle is also an important immune organ, but the research on its immune function is few. Our aim was to study regulating mechanism of NF-κB and TNFα gene expressions in the muscle of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) which was under Vibrio anguillarum infection (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h). The results showed that the expressions of NF-κB and TNFα increased significantly at 48 h, and there was a significant positive correlation between them. In situ hybridization confirmed the co-existence of NF-κB and TNFα genes in Japanese flounder muscle. Interestingly, the expression of the TNFα gene was regulated by the DNA methylation and its methylation level was negatively correlated with the expression. The lowest methylation level of TNFα occurred at 48 h under Vibrio anguillarum infection (P < 0.05). And more, when the fragment (-2122 ∼ -730) was deleted on TNFα gene promoter, double luciferase activity was the highest, indicating that fragment (-730-0) was the transcription factor binding region. The site (-78 ~ -69) on the fragment (-730-0) binding NF-κB was mutated, and double luciferase activity decreased significantly. The results confirmed that the site (-78 ~ -69) was indeed an important binding site for NF-κB. In addition, the activity of TNFα in the serum of Japanese flounder changed with the prolongation of vibrio anguillarum infection, and the concentration of other immune factors such as ALP, ALT, AST and LDH also changed in the muscle under vibrio anguillarum infection. They all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Above studies implied that Japanese flounder responded to Vibrio anguillarum infection at the immune level with the change of its methylation status and the activation of transcription factor. By studying the mechanism of immune pathways, understanding the response to immune stress is great significant to the research of fish breeding for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Binghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Guangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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Liu B, Wen H, Li X, Yang J, Li G, Zhang M, Li J, He F. Acute hypoxia effects on Keap1/Nrf2 (Mafs)-GST pathway related oxidative metabolism in muscle of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148646. [PMID: 34247093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute hypoxia can aggravate the oxidation metabolism of fish muscle tissue. However, the molecular mechanism of oxidative metabolism in fish muscle under acute hypoxia is not very clear. We carried out effects of a typical oxidative metabolism pathway Keap1/Nrf2 (MafG)-GST on muscle oxidative metabolism of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) during acute hypoxia stimulation (1.65 ± 0.05 mg/L; 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h) and reoxygenation (7.30 ± 0.08 mg/L; R12 h, R24 h, R48 h). The mRNAs of Nrf2 and GST in skeletal muscle were found co-existent, and their expressions were significant increase in 3 h and 6 h. The methylation level of CpG island1 in Nrf2 promoter, whose minimum value appeared at 3 h hypoxia treatment group, was affected by acute hypoxia, and it was negatively correlated with Nrf2 expression. The result suggests that environmental factors may regulate gene expression by epigenetic modification. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that GST gene was activated by transcription factor Nrf2, whose transcriptional activation binding region in GST promoter was antioxidant response element located near -980 and -852 sites, and Keap1 and MafG were Nrf2 antagonistic and synergistic factor, respectively. Furthermore, the GST activity changed with hypoxia and reoxygenation treatment in muscle, where other oxidative stress factor (MDA), antioxidant factors (T-AOC, GSH) and antioxidant enzyme activities (GST, SOD, CAT) were also changed. The results of MDA and T-AOC being further different between its hypoxia and normoxia groups (P < 0.05) at 6 h demonstrated that hypoxia stimulation lasting for 6 h would deeply affect Japanese flounder. The study illustrated that Japanese flounder responded to acute hypoxia in multiple metabolic levels by changing methylation status and transcription factor activation. It is significant to understand oxidative metabolic mechanism, analyze organism stress response and promote the scientific development of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Guangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Meizhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Ning Y, Fan M, Liu Q, Lu H, Qian S, Cui X, Meng F, Li X, Xu X, Sun S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang W. Two Foxo1 homologues in the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides: sequences, expression, and possible involvement in the activation of cyp19a1a expression in the ovary. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1597-1610. [PMID: 34417918 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Foxo1, a member of Foxo transcription factor family, is involved in a number of physiological processes including metabolism, cell cycle progression, aging, and apoptosis. In the ovarian granulosa cell of mouse, Foxo1 is implicated to inhibit the expression of Cyp19a1, a gene encoding the aromatase that converts androgens into estrogens. Currently, the information about the expression and physiological relevance of Foxo1 homologues in the ovary of teleosts is scarce. In the present study, cDNAs encoding two forms of Foxo1, Foxo1a and Foxo1b, were isolated from the orange-spotted grouper. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the orange-spotted groupers Foxo1a and Foxo1b were closely related to the counterparts of the ricefield eel. RT-PCR analysis showed that the orange-spotted groupers foxo1a and foxo1b were expressed in a wide range of tissues, with high levels detected in the brain regions, liver, and intestine. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed similar expression profiles for cyp19a1a, foxo1a, and foxo1b in the ovary during development from the primary growth to mature stages, with peak values detected at the vitellogenic stage. In situ hybridization detected mRNA of foxo1a, foxo1b, and cyp19a1a in granulosa cells surrounding vitellogenic oocytes. In vitro transfection showed that both Foxo1a and Foxo1b upregulated the orange-spotted grouper cyp19a1a promoter activities, possibly through the conserved Foxo binding site. Collectively, these results suggest that both Foxo1a and Foxo1b may be involved in the regulation of the ovarian functions in the orange-spotted grouper and the physiological roles of Foxo1 homologues in the ovary may be diversified in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Ning
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Fan
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongyou Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangyong Qian
- Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cui
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Meng
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Xu
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Sun
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Chen P, Wu X, Gu X, Han J, Xue M, Liang X. FoxO1 in Micropterus salmoides: Molecular characterization and its roles in glucose metabolism by glucose or insulin-glucose loading. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 310:113811. [PMID: 33979571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), a nuclear transcription factor, plays an important role in insulin-mediated glucose metabolism. In this study, FoxO1 gene from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was cloned and characterized, and its effects on hepatic glucose metabolism regulated by insulin-AKT pathway were investigated in response to glucose or insulin-glucose injection. The full-length cDNA of FoxO1 consisted of 2541 bp and encoded 680 amino acids. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that FoxO1 exhibited a high degree of conservation among teleost, retaining one forkhead domain, one transactivation domain, and three phosphorylation sites. FoxO1 mRNA was expressed in a wide range of tissues, and high in the brain and liver. Glucose loading resulted in persistent hyperglycemia, and plasma insulin levels remained unchanged except at 1 h. After the insulin-glucose injection, insulin levels were significantly elevated and glucose levels recovered to the basal value after 6 h, which indicated insufficient insulin secretion caused persistent hyperglycemia in this species. Compared with the glucose injection group, transcript levels and enzyme activities of hepatic glycolysis-related genes (GK and PK) were significantly activated, and gluconeogenesis-related genes (PEPCK and G6Pase) were significantly depressed at 3 h after the insulin-glucose injection. Besides, phosphorylation of AKT-FoxO1 pathway was significantly activated. Therefore, insulin improved glucose metabolism by activating the AKT-FoxO1 phosphorylation to decrease hyperglycemia stress after the meal, which indicated insufficient insulin secretion was the reason for glucose intolerance in largemouth bass. Meanwhile, conserved S267 and S329 phosphorylation sites of FoxO1 were confirmed to be regulated by AKT and mediated the glucose metabolism. In conclusion, activation of insulin-AKT-FoxO1 pathway improved glucose tolerance through mediating glucose metabolism in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiufeng Wu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Gu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Han
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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10
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Gibert Y, Chung BC. Fish as a model for endocrine systems. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111316. [PMID: 33974942 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gibert
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Bon-Chu Chung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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11
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Transcriptomic Changes in Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Exposed to Neuropeptide FF. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050705. [PMID: 34065092 PMCID: PMC8151073 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a neuropeptide that regulates various biological activities. Currently, the regulation of NPFF on the immune system is an emerging field. However, the influence of NPFF on the transcriptome of primary macrophages has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effect of NPFF on the transcriptome of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was explored by RNA sequencing, bioinformatics, and molecular simulation. BMDMs were treated with 1 nM NPFF for 18 h, followed by RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, followed by GO, KEGG, and PPI analysis. A total of eight qPCR-validated DEGs were selected as hub genes. Subsequently, the three-dimensional (3-D) structures of the eight hub proteins were constructed by Modeller and Rosetta. Next, the molecular dynamics (MD)-optimized 3-D structure of hub protein was acquired with Gromacs. Finally, the binding modes between NPFF and hub proteins were studied by Rosetta. A total of 2655 DEGs were obtained (up-regulated 1442 vs. down-regulated 1213), and enrichment analysis showed that NPFF extensively regulates multiple functional pathways mediated by BMDMs. Moreover, the 3-D structure of the hub protein was obtained after MD-optimization. Finally, the docking modes of NPFF-hub proteins were predicted. Besides, NPFFR2 was expressed on the cell membrane of BMDMs, and NPFF 1 nM significantly activated NPFFR2 protein expression. In summary, instead of significantly inhibiting the expression of the immune-related gene transcriptome of RAW 264.7 cells, NPFF simultaneously up-regulated and down-regulated the gene expression profile of a large number of BMDMs, hinting that NPFF may profoundly affect a variety of cellular processes dominated by BMDMs. Our work provides transcriptomics clues for exploring the influence of NPFF on the physiological functions of BMDMs.
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12
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Sun Y, Kuang Y, Zuo Z, Zhang J, Ma X, Xing X, Liu L, Miao Y, Ren T, Li H, Mei Q. Cellular processes involved in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to NPFF: A transcriptional study. Peptides 2021; 136:170469. [PMID: 33309723 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a neuropeptide that modulates various physiological processes. The regulatory role of NPFF in the immune and inflammatory response is currently being revealed. However, the effect of NPFF at the transcriptome level in macrophages has not been fully elucidated. Here, the impact of NPFF on gene expression at the transcriptome level of RAW 264.7 cells was investigated by RNA-seq. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with NPFF (1 nM) for 18 h, followed by RNA-seq examination. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired, followed by GO, KEGG, and PPI analysis. A total of eight qPCR-verified DEGs were obtained. Next, three-dimensional models of the eight hub proteins were constructed by using homology modeling with Modeller (9v23). Finally, molecular dynamics simulation (300 ns) was performed with GROMACS 2018.2 to investigate the structural characteristics of these hub proteins. NPFF had no detectable effect on the morphology of RAW264.7 cells. A total of 211 DEGs were acquired, and an enrichment study demonstrated that the immune response-related pathway was significantly inhibited by NPFF. Moreover, the molecular dynamics optimized-protein models of the hub proteins were obtained. Collectively, NPFF inhibited the expression of immune-related genes in RAW 264.7 cells at the transcriptome level, which suggested a negative relationship between NPFF and this set of immune-related genes in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, our data may provide direct evidence of the role of NPFF in peripheral or central inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Kuang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Zhuo Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710049, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xing
- School of Humanities, Economics and Laws, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Lingyi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Hui Li
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, South Door Slightly Friendship Road 555, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
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