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Lucarelli M, Camuso S, Di Pietro C, Bruno F, La Rosa P, Marazziti D, Fiorenza MT, Canterini S. Reduced Cerebellar BDNF Availability Affects Postnatal Differentiation and Maturation of Granule Cells in a Mouse Model of Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5395-5410. [PMID: 37314654 PMCID: PMC10415459 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is a lysosomal lipid storage disorder due to mutations in the NPC1 gene resulting in the accumulation of cholesterol within the endosomal/lysosomal compartments. The prominent feature of the disorder is the progressive Purkinje cell degeneration leading to ataxia.In a mouse model of NPC1 disease, we have previously demonstrated that impaired Sonic hedgehog signaling causes defective proliferation of granule cells (GCs) and abnormal cerebellar morphogenesis. Studies conducted on cortical and hippocampal neurons indicate a functional interaction between Sonic hedgehog and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, leading us to hypothesize that BDNF signaling may be altered in Npc1 mutant mice, contributing to the onset of cerebellar alterations present in NPC1 disease before the appearance of signs of ataxia.We characterized the expression/localization patterns of the BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), in the early postnatal and young adult cerebellum of the Npc1nmf164 mutant mouse strain.In Npc1nmf164 mice, our results show (i) a reduced expression of cerebellar BDNF and pTrkB in the first 2 weeks postpartum, phases in which most GCs complete the proliferative/migrative program and begin differentiation; (ii) an altered subcellular localization of the pTrkB receptor in GCs, both in vivo and in vitro; (iii) reduced chemotactic response to BDNF in GCs cultured in vitro, associated with impaired internalization of the activated TrkB receptor; (iv) an overall increase in dendritic branching in mature GCs, resulting in impaired differentiation of the cerebellar glomeruli, the major synaptic complex between GCs and mossy fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Lucarelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Camuso
- Division of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP, 88046, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Division of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Division of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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Demir S, Wolff G, Wieder A, Maida A, Bühler L, Brune M, Hautzinger O, Feuchtinger A, Poth T, Szendroedi J, Herzig S, Ekim Üstünel B. TSC22D4 interacts with Akt1 to regulate glucose metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5555. [PMID: 36269831 PMCID: PMC9586482 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive insulin signaling is a key feature in the pathogenesis of severe metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. Enhancing insulin sensitivity represents a major goal in the treatment of patients affected by diabetes. Here, we identify transforming growth factor-β1 stimulated clone 22 D4 (TSC22D4) as a novel interaction partner for protein kinase B/Akt1, a critical mediator of insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. While energy deprivation and oxidative stress promote the TSC22D4-Akt1 interaction, refeeding mice or exposing cells to glucose and insulin impairs this interaction, which relies on an intrinsically disordered region (D2 domain) within TSC22D4. Functionally, the interaction with TSC22D4 reduces basal phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream targets during starvation, thereby promoting insulin sensitivity. Genetic, liver-specific reconstitution experiments in mice demonstrate that the interaction between TSC22D4 and Akt1 improves glucose handling and insulin sensitivity. Overall, our findings postulate a model whereby TSC22D4 acts as an environmental sensor and interacts with Akt1 to regulate insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgican Demir
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gretchen Wolff
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annika Wieder
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adriano Maida
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lea Bühler
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Hautzinger
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology (CMCP), Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bilgen Ekim Üstünel
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Hwang J, Haque MA, Suzuki H, Dijke PT, Kato M. THG-1 suppresses SALL4 degradation to induce stemness genes and tumorsphere formation through antagonizing NRBP1 in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:307-314. [PMID: 31864704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Knockdown of THG-1 in TE13 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells is known to suppress tumorsphere growth. THG-1 was identified as an NRBP1 binding protein, and NRBP1 was reported to downregulate an stemness-related transcriptional factor SALL4, so we decided to examine the possibility that tumorigenic function of THG-1 is achieved by the competition to the tumor-suppressive function of NRBP1. SALL4 was decreased in THG-1 deficient TE13 cells with reduced tumorsphere formation, while exogenous SALL4 expression in THG-1 deficient TE13 cells recovered expression of stemness genes (NANOG and OCT4) and partially, but significantly, recovered tumorsphere formation ability. Additionally, we found that NRBP1 induced ubiquitination of SALL4, and THG-1 interrupted the ubiquitination of SALL4 by antagonizing NRBP1 binding to SALL4. These results suggest that THG-1 promotes tumorsphere growth of ESCC cells by the stabilization of SALL4 protein and induction of the target stemness genes through competitive binding to NRBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchan Hwang
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Md Anwarul Haque
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshai, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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Dragotto J, Canterini S, Del Porto P, Bevilacqua A, Fiorenza MT. The interplay between TGF-β-stimulated TSC22 domain family proteins regulates cell-cycle dynamics in medulloblastoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18349-18360. [PMID: 30912127 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteins belonging to the TGFβ-stimulated clone 22 domain (TSC22D) family display a repertoire of activities, regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The tumor suppressor activity of the first identified member of the family, TSC22D1 (formerly named TSC-22), has been extensively studied, but afterward a longer isoform encoded by the same gene turned out to play an opposite role. We have previously characterized the role of TSC22D1 and TSC22D4 in cell differentiation using granule neurons (GNs) isolated from the mouse cerebellum. However, the possibility to study the role of these factors in cell proliferation was limited by the fact that GNs readily exit from the cell-cycle and differentiate upon isolation and in vitro culture. To overcome this limitation, we have now exploited DAOY medulloblastoma cells, which are ontogenetically similar to cerebellar GNs and can be efficiently transfected with interfering RNA for gene knockdown purposes. Our findings indicate that TSC22D4-TSC22D1 short isoform heterodimers are involved in the escape from cell proliferation and exit from the cell-cycle, whereas, the TSC22D1 long isoform is required for cell proliferation, acting independently from TSC22D4. We also show that the silencing of specific expression of TSC22D4 or TSC22D1 isoforms affects the cell-cycle progression. These findings add a novel insight on the function of TSC22D proteins, with particular reference to the tumor suppressor activity of the TSC22D1 short isoform, which is re-framed within the context of a functional interplay with TSC22D4 and the mutually exclusive expression with the TSC22D1 long isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dragotto
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Bevilacqua
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Wang L, Ma S, Hu Z, McGuire TF, Xie XQ(S. Chemogenomics Systems Pharmacology Mapping of Potential Drug Targets for Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:565-575. [PMID: 30014763 PMCID: PMC6354609 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Though the death rate of initial trauma has dramatically decreased, no drug has been developed to effectively limit the progression of the secondary injury caused by TBI. TBI appears to be a predisposing risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we have conducted a research investigation of computational chemogenomics systems pharmacology (CSP) to identify potential drug targets for TBI treatment. TBI-induced transcriptional profiles were compared with those induced by genetic or chemical perturbations, including drugs in clinical trials for TBI treatment. The protein-protein interaction network of these predicted targets were then generated for further analyses. Some protein targets when perturbed, exhibit inverse transcriptional profiles in comparison with the profiles induced by TBI, and they were recognized as potential therapeutic targets for TBI. Drugs acting on these targets are predicted to have the potential for TBI treatment if they can reverse the TBI-induced transcriptional profiles that lead to secondary injury. In particular, our results indicated that TRPV4, NEUROD1, and HPRT1 were among the top therapeutic target candidates for TBI, which are congruent with literature reports. Our analyses also suggested the strong associations between TBI and AD, as perturbations on AD-related genes, such as APOE, APP, PSEN1, and MAPT, can induce similar gene expression patterns as those of TBI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CSP-based gene expression profile analyses for predicting TBI-related drug targets, and the findings could be used to guide the design of new drugs targeting the secondary injury caused by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shifan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ziheng Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Terence Francis McGuire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiang-Qun (Sean) Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Capuozzo E, Giorgi A, Canterini S, Baseggio Conrado A, Giarrusso P, Schininà ME, Fontana M. A Proteomic Approach to Study the Effect of Thiotaurine on Human Neutrophil Activation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:563-571. [PMID: 28849482 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thiotaurine, a thiosulfonate related to taurine and hypotaurine, is formed by a metabolic process from cystine and generated by a transulfuration reaction between hypotaurine and thiocysteine. Thiotaurine can produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from its sulfane sulfur moiety. H2S is a gaseous signaling molecule which can have regulatory roles in inflammatory process. In addition, sulfane sulfur displays the capacity to reversibly bind to other sulfur atoms. Thiotaurine inhibits PMA-induced activation of human neutrophils, and hinders neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis. Here, we present the results of a proteomic approach to study the possible effects of thiotaurine at protein expression level. Proteome analysis of human neutrophils has been performed comparing protein extracts of resting or PMA-activated neutrophils in presence or in absence of thiotaurine. In particular, PMA-stimulated neutrophils showed high level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression compared to the level of the same glycolytic enzyme in the resting neutrophils. Conversely, decreased expression of GAPDH has been observed when human neutrophils were incubated with 1 mM thiotaurine before activation with PMA. This result, confirmed by Western blot analysis, suggests again that thiotaurine shows a bioactive role in the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process, influencing the energy metabolism of activated leukocytes and raises the possibility that thiotaurine, acting as a sulfur donor, could modulate neutrophil activation via persulfidation of target proteins, such as GAPDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Capuozzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, sezione di Neuroscienze, Centro di Ricerche in Neurobiologia "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Baseggio Conrado
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Pina Giarrusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Dragotto J, Capuozzo E, Fontana M, Curci A, Fiorenza MT, Canterini S. Thiotaurine protects mouse cerebellar granule neurons from potassium deprivation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:513-23. [PMID: 25833523 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dragotto
- Section of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Vandevyver S, Dejager L, Tuckermann J, Libert C. New insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of glucocorticoids: an emerging role for glucocorticoid-receptor-mediated transactivation. Endocrinology 2013; 154:993-1007. [PMID: 23384835 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory drugs that are widely used for the treatment of numerous (autoimmune) inflammatory diseases. They exert their actions by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. Upon ligand binding, the GR translocates to the nucleus, where it acts either as a homodimeric transcription factor that binds glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in promoter regions of glucocorticoid (GC)-inducible genes, or as a monomeric protein that cooperates with other transcription factors to affect transcription. For decades, it has generally been believed that the undesirable side effects of GC therapy are induced by dimer-mediated transactivation, whereas its beneficial anti-inflammatory effects are mainly due to the monomer-mediated transrepressive actions of GR. Therefore, current research is focused on the development of dissociated compounds that exert only the GR monomer-dependent actions. However, many recent reports undermine this dogma by clearly showing that GR dimer-dependent transactivation is essential in the anti-inflammatory activities of GR. Many of these studies used GR(dim/dim) mutant mice, which show reduced GR dimerization and hence cannot control inflammation in several disease models. Here, we review the importance of GR dimers in the anti-inflammatory actions of GCs/GR, and hence we question the central dogma. We summarize the contribution of various GR dimer-inducible anti-inflammatory genes and question the use of selective GR agonists as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vandevyver
- VIB-Department for Molecular Biomedical Research /Ugent, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
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Canterini S, Carletti V, Nusca S, Mangia F, Fiorenza MT. Multiple TSC22D4 iso-/phospho-glycoforms display idiosyncratic subcellular localizations and interacting protein partners. FEBS J 2013; 280:1320-9. [PMID: 23305244 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the TSC22 domain (TSC22D) family, including TSC22D1 and TSC22D4, play pivotal roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, interacting with other factors in a still largely unknown manner. This study explores this issue by biochemically characterizing various TSC22D4 forms (both iso- and glyco-phospho-, namely the splice variants 42 and 55 kDa and the post-translationally modified 67 and 72 kDa forms) and their subcellular localization and protein partners during cerebellar granule neuron (CGN) differentiation. The TSC22D4-42 form is mostly cytosolic, and is the only TSC22D4 form that associates with TSC22D1.2 in undifferentiated but not differentiated CGNs. In contrast, TSC22D4-55 is prominently associated with the nuclear matrix in differentiated but not undifferentiated CGNs. As for TSC22D4-67, it is localized in the cytosol and nuclei of undifferentiated CGNs and enters mitochondria of differentiated CGNs, associating with apoptosis-inducing factor. TSC22D4-72 is modified by O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylated) and phosphorylated and is always associated with chromatin irrespective of CGN differentiation. The various subcellular localization patterns and interacting protein partners of TSC22D4 forms during CGN differentiation suggest the existence of form-specific function(s) and provide a novel framework to further investigate the biological functions of TSC22D proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Canterini
- Department of Psychology, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation and Daniel Bovet Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Canterini S, Bosco A, Carletti V, Fuso A, Curci A, Mangia F, Fiorenza MT. Subcellular TSC22D4 localization in cerebellum granule neurons of the mouse depends on development and differentiation. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 11:28-40. [PMID: 20878296 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-010-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that TSC22D4, a protein encoded by the TGF-β1-activated gene Tsc22d4 (Thg-1pit) and highly expressed in postnatal and adult mouse cerebellum with multiple post-translationally modified protein forms, moves to nucleus when in vitro differentiated cerebellum granule neurons (CGNs) are committed to apoptosis by hyperpolarizing KCl concentrations in the culture medium. We have now studied TSC22D4 cytoplasmic/nuclear localization in CGNs and Purkinje cells: (1) during CGN differentiation/maturation in vivo, (2) during CGN differentiation in vitro, and (3) by in vitro culturing ex vivo cerebellum slices under conditions favoring/inhibiting CGN/Purkinje cell differentiation. We show that TSC22D4 displays both nuclear and cytoplasmic localizations in undifferentiated, early postnatal cerebellum CGNs, irrespectively of CGN proliferation/migration from external to internal granule cell layer, and that it specifically accumulates in the somatodendritic and synaptic compartments when CGNs mature, as indicated by TSC22D4 abundance at the level of adult cerebellum glomeruli and apparent lack in CGN nuclei. These features were also observed in cerebellum slices cultured in vitro under conditions favoring/inhibiting CGN/Purkinje cell differentiation. In vitro TSC22D4 silencing with siRNAs blocked CGN differentiation and inhibited neurite elongation in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells, pinpointing the relevance of this protein to CGN differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Canterini
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and D. Bovet Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Kahle JJ, Gulbahce N, Shaw CA, Lim J, Hill DE, Barabási AL, Zoghbi HY. Comparison of an expanded ataxia interactome with patient medical records reveals a relationship between macular degeneration and ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 20:510-27. [PMID: 21078624 PMCID: PMC3016911 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias 6 and 7 (SCA6 and SCA7) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by expansion of CAG repeats encoding polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts in CACNA1A, the alpha1A subunit of the P/Q-type calcium channel, and ataxin-7 (ATXN7), a component of a chromatin-remodeling complex, respectively. We hypothesized that finding new protein partners for ATXN7 and CACNA1A would provide insight into the biology of their respective diseases and their relationship to other ataxia-causing proteins. We identified 118 protein interactions for CACNA1A and ATXN7 linking them to other ataxia-causing proteins and the ataxia network. To begin to understand the biological relevance of these protein interactions within the ataxia network, we used OMIM to identify diseases associated with the expanded ataxia network. We then used Medicare patient records to determine if any of these diseases co-occur with hereditary ataxia. We found that patients with ataxia are at 3.03-fold greater risk of these diseases than Medicare patients overall. One of the diseases comorbid with ataxia is macular degeneration (MD). The ataxia network is significantly (P= 7.37 × 10−5) enriched for proteins that interact with known MD-causing proteins, forming a MD subnetwork. We found that at least two of the proteins in the MD subnetwork have altered expression in the retina of Ataxin-7266Q/+ mice suggesting an in vivo functional relationship with ATXN7. Together these data reveal novel protein interactions and suggest potential pathways that can contribute to the pathophysiology of ataxia, MD, and diseases comorbid with ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette J Kahle
- Department of Cellular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Geschwind DH, Konopka G. Neuroscience in the era of functional genomics and systems biology. Nature 2009; 461:908-15. [PMID: 19829370 DOI: 10.1038/nature08537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in genetics and genomics have fuelled a revolution in discovery-based, or hypothesis-generating, research that provides a powerful complement to the more directly hypothesis-driven molecular, cellular and systems neuroscience. Genetic and functional genomic studies have already yielded important insights into neuronal diversity and function, as well as disease. One of the most exciting and challenging frontiers in neuroscience involves harnessing the power of large-scale genetic, genomic and phenotypic data sets, and the development of tools for data integration and mining. Methods for network analysis and systems biology offer the promise of integrating these multiple levels of data, connecting molecular pathways to nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics and Neurobehavioural Genetics, Department of Neurology and Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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