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Chang C, Banerjee SL, Park SS, Zhang XL, Cotnoir-White D, Opperman KJ, Desbois M, Grill B, Kania A. Ubiquitin ligase and signalling hub MYCBP2 is required for efficient EPHB2 tyrosine kinase receptor function. eLife 2024; 12:RP89176. [PMID: 38289221 PMCID: PMC10945567 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases participate in a variety of normal and pathogenic processes during development and throughout adulthood. This versatility is likely facilitated by the ability of Eph receptors to signal through diverse cellular signalling pathways: primarily by controlling cytoskeletal dynamics, but also by regulating cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Despite many proteins linked to these signalling pathways interacting with Eph receptors, the specific mechanisms behind such links and their coordination remain to be elucidated. In a proteomics screen for novel EPHB2 multi-effector proteins, we identified human MYC binding protein 2 (MYCBP2 or PAM or Phr1). MYCBP2 is a large signalling hub involved in diverse processes such as neuronal connectivity, synaptic growth, cell division, neuronal survival, and protein ubiquitination. Our biochemical experiments demonstrate that the formation of a complex containing EPHB2 and MYCBP2 is facilitated by FBXO45, a protein known to select substrates for MYCBP2 ubiquitin ligase activity. Formation of the MYCBP2-EPHB2 complex does not require EPHB2 tyrosine kinase activity and is destabilised by binding of ephrin-B ligands, suggesting that the MYCBP2-EPHB2 association is a prelude to EPHB2 signalling. Paradoxically, the loss of MYCBP2 results in increased ubiquitination of EPHB2 and a decrease of its protein levels suggesting that MYCBP2 stabilises EPHB2. Commensurate with this effect, our cellular experiments reveal that MYCBP2 is essential for efficient EPHB2 signalling responses in cell lines and primary neurons. Finally, our genetic studies in Caenorhabditis elegans provide in vivo evidence that the ephrin receptor VAB-1 displays genetic interactions with known MYCBP2 binding proteins. Together, our results align with the similarity of neurodevelopmental phenotypes caused by MYCBP2 and EPHB2 loss of function, and couple EPHB2 to a signalling effector that controls diverse cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chang
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Sara L Banerjee
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Sung Soon Park
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Xiao Lei Zhang
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
| | | | - Karla J Opperman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Muriel Desbois
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research InstituteSeattleUnited States
- School of Life Sciences, Keele UniversityKeeleUnited Kingdom
| | - Brock Grill
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research InstituteSeattleUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
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Chang C, Banerjee SL, Park SS, Zhang X, Cotnoir-White D, Opperman KJ, Desbois M, Grill B, Kania A. Ubiquitin ligase and signalling hub MYCBP2 is required for efficient EPHB2 tyrosine kinase receptor function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.12.544638. [PMID: 37693478 PMCID: PMC10491099 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases participate in a variety of normal and pathogenic processes during development and throughout adulthood. This versatility is likely facilitated by the ability of Eph receptors to signal through diverse cellular signalling pathways: primarily by controlling cytoskeletal dynamics, but also by regulating cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Despite many proteins linked to these signalling pathways interacting with Eph receptors, the specific mechanisms behind such links and their coordination remain to be elucidated. In a proteomics screen for novel EPHB2 multi-effector proteins, we identified human MYC binding protein 2 (MYCBP2 or PAM or Phr1). MYCBP2 is a large signalling hub involved in diverse processes such as neuronal connectivity, synaptic growth, cell division, neuronal survival, and protein ubiquitination. Our biochemical experiments demonstrate that the formation of a complex containing EPHB2 and MYCBP2 is facilitated by FBXO45, a protein known to select substrates for MYCBP2 ubiquitin ligase activity. Formation of the MYCBP2-EPHB2 complex does not require EPHB2 tyrosine kinase activity and is destabilised by binding of ephrin-B ligands, suggesting that the MYCBP2-EPHB2 association is a prelude to EPHB2 signalling. Paradoxically, the loss of MYCBP2 results in increased ubiquitination of EPHB2 and a decrease of its protein levels suggesting that MYCBP2 stabilises EPHB2. Commensurate with this effect, our cellular experiments reveal that MYCBP2 is essential for efficient EPHB2 signalling responses in cell lines and primary neurons. Finally, our genetic studies in C. elegans provide in vivo evidence that the ephrin receptor VAB-1 displays genetic interactions with known MYCBP2 binding proteins. Together, our results align with the similarity of neurodevelopmental phenotypes caused by MYCBP2 and EPHB2 loss of function, and couple EPHB2 to a signaling effector that controls diverse cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chang
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sara L. Banerjee
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Sung Soon Park
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - David Cotnoir-White
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Karla J. Opperman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Muriel Desbois
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Brock Grill
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B2, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
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Schramm S, Krizanovic N, Roggenbuck U, Jöckel KH, Herring A, Keyvani K, Jokisch M. Blood Kallikrein-8 and Non-Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Exploratory Study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:327-337. [DOI: 10.3233/adr-220073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood kallikrein-8 is supposed to be a biomarker for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a precursor of AD dementia. Little is known about the association of kallikrein-8 and non-AD type dementias. Objective: To investigate whether blood kallikrein-8 is elevated in individuals with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), which has a higher probability to progress to a non-AD type dementia, compared with cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls. Methods: We measured blood kallikrein-8 at ten-year follow-up (T2) in 75 cases and 75 controls matched for age and sex who were participants of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (baseline: 2000–2003). Cognitive performance was assessed in a standardized manner at five (T1) and ten-year follow-up. Cases were CU or had subjective cognitive decline (SCD) at T1 and had naMCI at T2. Controls were CU at both follow-ups. The association between kallikrein-8 (per 500 pg/ml increase) and naMCI was estimated using conditional logistic regression: odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined, adjusted for inter-assay variability and freezing duration. Results: Valid kallikrein-8 values were measured in 121 participants (45% cases, 54.5% women, 70.5±7.1 years). In cases, the mean kallikrein-8 was higher than in controls (922±797 pg/ml versus 884±782 pg/ml). Kallikrein-8 was not associated with having naMCI compared to being CU (adjusted; OR: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.80–1.32]). Conclusion: This is the first population-based study that shows that blood kallikrein-8 tends not to be elevated in individuals with naMCI compared with CU. This adds to the evidence of the possible AD specificity of kallikrein-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nela Krizanovic
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulla Roggenbuck
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martha Jokisch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Sullivan KG, Bashaw GJ. Intracellular Trafficking Mechanisms that Regulate Repulsive Axon Guidance. Neuroscience 2023; 508:123-136. [PMID: 35863679 PMCID: PMC9839465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Friedrich Bonhoeffer made seminal contributions to the study of axon guidance in the developing nervous system. His discoveries of key cellular and molecular mechanisms that dictate wiring specificity laid the foundation for countless investigators who have followed in his footsteps. Perhaps his most significant contribution was the cloning and characterization of members of the conserved ephrin family of repulsive axon guidance cues. In this review, we highlight the major contributions that Bonhoeffer and his colleagues made to the field of axon guidance, and discuss ongoing investigations into the diverse array of mechanisms that ensure that axon repulsion is precisely regulated to allow for accurate pathfinding. Specifically, we focus our discussion on the post-translational regulation of two major families of repulsive axon guidance factors: ephrin ligands and their Eph receptors, and slit ligands and their Roundabout (Robo) receptors. We will give special emphasis to the ways in which regulated endocytic trafficking events allow navigating axons to adjust their responses to repellant signals and how these trafficking events are intimately related to receptor signaling. By highlighting parallels and differences between the regulation of these two important repulsive axon guidance pathways, we hope to identify key outstanding questions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
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Abstract
The EPH receptor tyrosine kinases and their signaling partners, the EPHRINS, comprise a large class of cell signaling molecules that plays diverse roles in development. As cell membrane-anchored signaling molecules, they regulate cellular organization by modulating the strength of cellular contacts, usually by impacting the actin cytoskeleton or cell adhesion programs. Through these cellular functions, EPH/EPHRIN signaling often regulates tissue shape. Indeed, recent evidence indicates that this signaling family is ancient and associated with the origin of multicellularity. Though extensively studied, our understanding of the signaling mechanisms employed by this large family of signaling proteins remains patchwork, and a truly "canonical" EPH/EPHRIN signal transduction pathway is not known and may not exist. Instead, several foundational evolutionarily conserved mechanisms are overlaid by a myriad of tissue -specific functions, though common themes emerge from these as well. Here, I review recent advances and the related contexts that have provided new understanding of the conserved and varied molecular and cellular mechanisms employed by EPH/EPHRIN signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O Bush
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Schramm S, Jokisch M, Jöckel KH, Herring A, Keyvani K. Is kallikrein-8 a blood biomarker for detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment? Results of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:202. [PMID: 34930454 PMCID: PMC8690879 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kallikrein-8 (KLK8) might be an early blood-biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined whether blood KLK8 is elevated in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) which is a precursor of AD, compared to cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls. METHODS Forty cases and 80 controls, matched by sex and age (± 3years), were participants of the longitudinal population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (baseline: 2000-2003). Standardized cognitive performance was assessed 5 (T1) and 10 years after baseline (T2). Cases were CU at T1 and had incidental aMCI at T2. Controls were CU at T1 and T2. Blood KLK8 was measured at T2. Using multiple logistic regression the association between KLK8 in cases vs. controls was investigated by estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adjusted for inter-assay variability and freezing duration. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the diagnostic accuracy of KLK8 was determined by estimating the area under the curve (AUC) and 95%CI (adjusted for inter-assay variability, freezing duration, age, sex). RESULTS Thirty-seven participants with aMCI vs. 72 CU (36.7%women, 71.0±8.0 (mean±SD) years) had valid KLK8 measurements. Mean KLK8 was higher in cases than in controls (911.6±619.8 pg/ml vs.783.1±633.0 pg/ml). Fully adjusted, a KLK8 increase of 500pg/ml was associated with a 2.68 (1.05-6.84) higher chance of having aMCI compared to being CU. With an AUC of 0.92 (0.86-0.97), blood KLK8 was a strong discriminator for aMCI and CU. CONCLUSION This is the first population-based study to demonstrate the potential clinical utility of blood KLK8 as a biomarker for incipient AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schramm
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Martha Jokisch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Bodin R, Paillé V, Oullier T, Durand T, Aubert P, Le Berre-Scoul C, Hulin P, Neunlist M, Cissé M. The ephrin receptor EphB2 regulates the connectivity and activity of enteric neurons. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101300. [PMID: 34648765 PMCID: PMC8569587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly organized circuits of enteric neurons are required for the regulation of gastrointestinal functions, such as peristaltism or migrating motor complex. However, the factors and molecular mechanisms that regulate the connectivity of enteric neurons and their assembly into functional neuronal networks are largely unknown. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which neurotrophic factors regulate this enteric neuron circuitry is paramount to understanding enteric nervous system (ENS) physiology. EphB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is essential for neuronal connectivity and plasticity in the brain, but so far its presence and function in the ENS remain largely unexplored. Here we report that EphB2 is expressed preferentially by enteric neurons relative to glial cells throughout the gut in rats. We show that in primary enteric neurons, activation of EphB2 by its natural ligand ephrinB2 engages ERK signaling pathways. Long-term activation with ephrinB2 decreases EphB2 expression and reduces molecular and functional connectivity in enteric neurons without affecting neuronal density, ganglionic fiber bundles, or overall neuronal morphology. This is highlighted by a loss of neuronal plasticity markers such as synapsin I, PSD95, and synaptophysin, and a decrease of spontaneous miniature synaptic currents. Together, these data identify a critical role for EphB2 in the ENS and reveal a unique EphB2-mediated molecular program of synapse regulation in enteric neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bodin
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Paillé
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thibauld Oullier
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tony Durand
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Aubert
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Le Berre-Scoul
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Michel Neunlist
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Moustapha Cissé
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Alfaidi M, Scott ML, Orr AW. Sinner or Saint?: Nck Adaptor Proteins in Vascular Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:688388. [PMID: 34124074 PMCID: PMC8187788 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nck family of modular adaptor proteins, including Nck1 and Nck2, link phosphotyrosine signaling to changes in cytoskeletal dynamics and gene expression that critically modulate cellular phenotype. The Nck SH2 domain interacts with phosphotyrosine at dynamic signaling hubs, such as activated growth factor receptors and sites of cell adhesion. The Nck SH3 domains interact with signaling effectors containing proline-rich regions that mediate their activation by upstream kinases. In vascular biology, Nck1 and Nck2 play redundant roles in vascular development and postnatal angiogenesis. However, recent studies suggest that Nck1 and Nck2 differentially regulate cell phenotype in the adult vasculature. Domain-specific interactions likely mediate these isoform-selective effects, and these isolated domains may serve as therapeutic targets to limit specific protein-protein interactions. In this review, we highlight the function of the Nck adaptor proteins, the known differences in domain-selective interactions, and discuss the role of individual Nck isoforms in vascular remodeling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabruka Alfaidi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Matthew L Scott
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Anthony Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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Herring A, Kurapati NK, Krebs S, Grammon N, Scholz LM, Voss G, Miah MR, Budny V, Mairinger F, Haase K, Teuber-Hanselmann S, Dobersalske C, Schramm S, Jöckel KH, Münster Y, Keyvani K. Genetic knockdown of Klk8 has sex-specific multi-targeted therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's pathology in mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:611-624. [PMID: 33341972 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous work in our lab has identified the protease kallikrein-8 (KLK8) as a potential upstream mover in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We showed pathologically elevated levels of KLK8 in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to AD, and in brains of patients and transgenic CRND8 (TgCRND8) mice in incipient stages of the disease. Furthermore, short-term antibody-mediated KLK8 inhibition in moderate stage disease alleviated AD pathology in female mice. However, it remains to be shown whether long-term reversal of KLK8 overexpression can also counteract AD. Therefore, the effects of genetic Klk8-knockdown were determined in TgCRND8 mice. METHODS The effects of heterozygous ablation of murine Klk8 (mKlk8) gene on AD pathology of both sexes were examined by crossbreeding TgCRND8 [hAPP+/-] with mKlk8-knockdown [mKlk8+/-] mice resulting in animals with or without AD pathology which revealed pathologically elevated or normal KLK8 levels. RESULTS mKlk8-knockdown had negligible effects on wildtype animals but led to significant decline of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology as well as an improvement of structural neuroplasticity in a sex-specific manner in transgenics. These changes were mediated by a shift to non-amyloidogenic cleavage of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP), recovery of the neurovascular unit and maintaining microglial metabolic fitness. Mechanistically, Klk8-knockdown improved Aβ phagocytosis in primary glia and Aβ resistance in primary neurons. Most importantly, transgenic mice revealed less anxiety and a better memory performance. CONCLUSIONS These results reinforce the potential of KLK8 as a therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nirup K Kurapati
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sofia Krebs
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Grammon
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Luisa M Scholz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Voss
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Muhammad R Miah
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Budny
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Haase
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Celia Dobersalske
- DKFZ-Division of Translational Neurooncology, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Münster
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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10
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Inhibition of excessive kallikrein-8 improves neuroplasticity in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Exp Neurol 2020; 324:113115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Ye X, Qiu Y, Gao Y, Wan D, Zhu H. A Subtle Network Mediating Axon Guidance: Intrinsic Dynamic Structure of Growth Cone, Attractive and Repulsive Molecular Cues, and the Intermediate Role of Signaling Pathways. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:1719829. [PMID: 31097955 PMCID: PMC6487106 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1719829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental feature of both early nervous system development and axon regeneration is the guidance of axonal projections to their targets in order to assemble neural circuits that control behavior. In the navigation process where the nerves grow toward their targets, the growth cones, which locate at the tips of axons, sense the environment surrounding them, including varies of attractive or repulsive molecular cues, then make directional decisions to adjust their navigation journey. The turning ability of a growth cone largely depends on its highly dynamic skeleton, where actin filaments and microtubules play a very important role in its motility. In this review, we summarize some possible mechanisms underlying growth cone motility, relevant molecular cues, and signaling pathways in axon guidance of previous studies and discuss some questions regarding directions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center for Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center for Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuqing Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center for Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center for Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400715, China
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12
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EphrinB/EphB forward signaling in Müller cells causes apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells by increasing tumor necrosis factor alpha production in rat experimental glaucomatous model. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:111. [PMID: 30355282 PMCID: PMC6201539 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It was previously shown that EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is activated and involved in RGC apoptosis in a rat chronic ocular hypertension (COH) model. In the present work, we first show that ephrinB/EphB forward signaling was activated in COH retinas, and RGC apoptosis in COH retinas was reduced by PP2, an inhibitor of ephrinB/EphB forward signaling. We further demonstrate that treatment of cultured Müller cells with ephrinB1-Fc, an EphB1 activator, or intravitreal injection of ephrinB1-Fc in normal rats induced an increase in phosphorylated EphB levels in these cells, indicating the activation of ephrinB/EphB forward signaling, similar to those in COH retinas. The ephrinB1-Fc treatment did not induce Müller cell gliosis, as evidenced by unchanged GFAP expression, but significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Müller cells, thereby promoting RGC apoptosis. Production of TNF-α induced by the activation of ephrinB/EphB forward signaling was mediated by the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors, which was followed by a distinct PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, as pharmacological interference of each step of this pathway caused a reduction of TNF-α production, thus attenuating RGC apoptosis. Functional analysis of forward and reverse signaling in such a unique system, in which ephrin and Eph exist respectively in a glial element and a neuronal element, is of theoretical importance. Moreover, our results also raise a possibility that suppression of ephrinB/EphB forward signaling may be a new strategy for ameliorating RGC apoptosis in glaucoma.
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13
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Chang CJ, Chang MY, Lee YC, Chen KY, Hsu TI, Wu YH, Chuang JY, Kao TJ. Nck2 is essential for limb trajectory selection by spinal motor axons. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1043-1056. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ju Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery; Cathay General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Medicine; Fu Jen Catholic University; New Taipei Taiwan
- Departemnt of Mechanical Engineering; National Central University; Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuan Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery; Min-Sheng General Hospital; Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jen Kao
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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14
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Herring A, Münster Y, Akkaya T, Moghaddam S, Deinsberger K, Meyer J, Zahel J, Sanchez-Mendoza E, Wang Y, Hermann DM, Arzberger T, Teuber-Hanselmann S, Keyvani K. Kallikrein-8 inhibition attenuates Alzheimer's disease pathology in mice. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:1273-1287. [PMID: 27327541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Memory loss and increased anxiety are clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Kallikrein-8 is a protease implicated in memory acquisition and anxiety, and its mRNA is known to be up-regulated in AD-affected human hippocampus. Therefore, an involvement of Kallikrein-8 in Alzheimer's pathogenesis is conceivable but remains to be proved. METHODS We determined the cerebral expression of Kallikrein-8 mRNA and protein during the course of AD in patients and in transgenic mice and tested the impact of Kallikrein-8 inhibition on AD-related pathology in mice and in primary glial cells. RESULTS Kallikrein-8 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in both species at incipient stages of AD. Kallikrein-8 inhibition impeded amyloidogenic amyloid-precursor-protein processing, facilitated amyloid β (Aβ) clearance across the blood-brain-barrier, boosted autophagy, reduced Aβ load and tau pathology, enhanced neuroplasticity, reversed molecular signatures of anxiety, and ultimately improved memory and reduced fear. DISCUSSION Kallikrein-8 is a promising new therapeutic target against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Münster
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tamer Akkaya
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sahar Moghaddam
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Meyer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Zahel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Yachao Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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15
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Impairments in dendrite morphogenesis as etiology for neurodevelopmental disorders and implications for therapeutic treatments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:946-978. [PMID: 27143622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendrite morphology is pivotal for neural circuitry functioning. While the causative relationship between small-scale dendrite morphological abnormalities (shape, density of dendritic spines) and neurodevelopmental disorders is well established, such relationship remains elusive for larger-scale dendrite morphological impairments (size, shape, branching pattern of dendritic trees). Here, we summarize published data on dendrite morphological irregularities in human patients and animal models for neurodevelopmental disorders, with focus on autism and schizophrenia. We next discuss high-risk genes for these disorders and their role in dendrite morphogenesis. We finally overview recent developments in therapeutic attempts and we discuss how they relate to dendrite morphology. We find that both autism and schizophrenia are accompanied by dendritic arbor morphological irregularities, and that majority of their high-risk genes regulate dendrite morphogenesis. Thus, we present a compelling argument that, along with smaller-scale morphological impairments in dendrites (spines and synapse), irregularities in larger-scale dendrite morphology (arbor shape, size) may be an important part of neurodevelopmental disorders' etiology. We suggest that this should not be ignored when developing future therapeutic treatments.
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16
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Nikolakopoulou AM, Koeppen J, Garcia M, Leish J, Obenaus A, Ethell IM. Astrocytic Ephrin-B1 Regulates Synapse Remodeling Following Traumatic Brain Injury. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:1-18. [PMID: 26928051 PMCID: PMC4774052 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416630220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in tissue alterations distant from the site of the initial injury, which can trigger pathological changes within hippocampal circuits and are thought to contribute to long-term cognitive and neuropsychological impairments. However, our understanding of secondary injury mechanisms is limited. Astrocytes play an important role in brain repair after injury and astrocyte-mediated mechanisms that are implicated in synapse development are likely important in injury-induced synapse remodeling. Our studies suggest a new role of ephrin-B1, which is known to regulate synapse development in neurons, in astrocyte-mediated synapse remodeling following TBI. Indeed, we observed a transient upregulation of ephrin-B1 immunoreactivity in hippocampal astrocytes following moderate controlled cortical impact model of TBI. The upregulation of ephrin-B1 levels in hippocampal astrocytes coincided with a decline in the number of vGlut1-positive glutamatergic input to CA1 neurons at 3 days post injury even in the absence of hippocampal neuron loss. In contrast, tamoxifen-induced ablation of ephrin-B1 from adult astrocytes in ephrin-B1loxP/yERT2-CreGFAP mice accelerated the recovery of vGlut1-positive glutamatergic input to CA1 neurons after TBI. Finally, our studies suggest that astrocytic ephrin-B1 may play an active role in injury-induced synapse remodeling through the activation of STAT3-mediated signaling in astrocytes. TBI-induced upregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation within the hippocampus was suppressed by astrocyte-specific ablation of ephrin-B1 in vivo, whereas the activation of ephrin-B1 in astrocytes triggered an increase in STAT3 phosphorylation in vitro. Thus, regulation of ephrin-B1 signaling in astrocytes may provide new therapeutic opportunities to aid functional recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Koeppen
- Biomedical Sciences Division, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, CA, USA Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology graduate program, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Michael Garcia
- Biomedical Sciences Division, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Leish
- Biomedical Sciences Division, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Biomedical Sciences Division, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, CA, USA Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology graduate program, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
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17
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Cruz E, Soler-Cedeño O, Negrón G, Criado-Marrero M, Chompré G, Porter JT. Infralimbic EphB2 Modulates Fear Extinction in Adolescent Rats. J Neurosci 2015; 35:12394-403. [PMID: 26354908 PMCID: PMC4563033 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4254-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent rats are prone to impaired fear extinction, suggesting that mechanistic differences in extinction could exist in adolescent and adult rats. Since the infralimbic cortex (IL) is critical for fear extinction, we used PCR array technology to identify gene expression changes in IL induced by fear extinction in adolescent rats. Interestingly, the ephrin type B receptor 2 (EphB2), a tyrosine kinase receptor associated with synaptic development, was downregulated in IL after fear extinction. Consistent with the PCR array results, EphB2 levels of mRNA and protein were reduced in IL after fear extinction compared with fear conditioning, suggesting that EphB2 signaling in IL regulates fear extinction memory in adolescents. Finally, reducing EphB2 synthesis in IL with shRNA accelerated fear extinction learning in adolescent rats, but not in adult rats. These findings identify EphB2 in IL as a key regulator of fear extinction during adolescence, perhaps due to the increase in synaptic remodeling occurring during this developmental phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cruz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00732, and
| | - Omar Soler-Cedeño
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00732, and
| | - Geovanny Negrón
- Department of Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00717
| | - Marangelie Criado-Marrero
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00732, and
| | - Gladys Chompré
- Department of Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00717
| | - James T Porter
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00732, and
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18
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Jiang J, Wang ZH, Qu M, Gao D, Liu XP, Zhu LQ, Wang JZ. Stimulation of EphB2 attenuates tau phosphorylation through PI3K/Akt-mediated inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11765. [PMID: 26119563 PMCID: PMC4484244 DOI: 10.1038/srep11765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation is an early pathological marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however, the upstream factors that regulate tau phosphorylation are not illustrated and there is no efficient strategy to arrest tau hyperphosphorylation. Here, we find that activation of endogenous EphB2 receptor by ligand stimulation (ephrinB1/Fc) or by ectopic expression of EphB2 plus the ligand stimulation induces a remarkable tau dephosphorylation at multiple AD-associated sites in SK-N-SH cells and human embryonic kidney cells that stably express human tau (HEK293-tau). In cultured hippocampal neurons and the hippocampus of human tau transgenic mice, dephosphorylation of tau proteins was also detected by stimulation of EphB2 receptor. EphB2 activation inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a crucial tau kinase, and activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt both in vitro and in vivo, whereas simultaneous inhibition of PI3K or upregulation of GSK-3β abolishes the EphB2 stimulation-induced tau dephosphorylation. Finally, we confirm that ephrinB1/Fc treatment induces tyrosine phosphorylation (activation) of EphB2, while deletion of the tyrosine kinase domain (VM) of EphB2 eliminates the receptor stimulation-induced GSK-3β inhibition and tau dephosphorylation. We conclude that activation of EphB2 receptor kinase arrests tau hyperphosphorylation through PI3K-/Akt-mediated GSK-3β inhibition. Our data provide a novel membranous target to antagonize AD-like tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, 430014, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Min Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Clinical Laboratory of Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
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19
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Lane C, Qi J, Fawcett JP. NCK is critical for the development of deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) sensitive spinal circuits. J Neurochem 2015; 134:1008-14. [PMID: 25913325 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As our understanding of motor circuit function increases, our need to understand how circuits form to ensure proper function becomes increasingly important. Recently, deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) has been shown to be important in the development of spinal circuits necessary for gait. Importantly, humans with mutation in DCC show mirror movement disorders pointing to the significance of DCC in the development of spinal circuits for coordinated movement. Although DCC binds a number of ligands, the intracellular signaling cascade leading to the aberrant spinal circuits remains unknown. Here, we show that the non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor (NCK) proteins 1 and 2 are distributed in the developing spinal cord. Using dissociated dorsal spinal neuron cultures we show that NCK proteins are necessary for the outgrowth and growth cone architecture of DCC(+ve) dorsal spinal neurons. Consistent with a role for NCK in DCC signaling, we show that loss of NCK proteins leads to a reduction in the thickness of TAG1(+ve) commissural bundles in the floor plate and loss of DCC mRNA in vivo. We suggest that DCC signaling functions through NCK1 and NCK2 and that both proteins are necessary for the establishment of normal spinal circuits necessary for gait. Reduction in NCK proteins in the developing CNS leads to a reduction in TAG1(+ve) commissural tract thickness, a reduction in growth cone complexity of DCC(+ve) spinal interneurons, and a reduction in DCC mRNA. These are consistent with an in vivo role for NCK in the development of critical DCC spinal circuits, and may be important for the normal development of spinal circuits critical for walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Lane
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jiansong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - James P Fawcett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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20
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Anjum R, Ayoubian H, Schmitz F. Differential synaptic distribution of the scaffold proteins Cask and Caskin1 in the bovine retina. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 62:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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EphB receptor forward signaling regulates area-specific reciprocal thalamic and cortical axon pathfinding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2188-93. [PMID: 24453220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1324215111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In early brain development, ascending thalamocortical axons (TCAs) navigate through the ventral telencephalon (VTel) to reach their target regions in the young cerebral cortex. Descending, deep-layer cortical axons subsequently target appropriate thalamic and subcortical target regions. However, precisely how and when corticothalamic axons (CTAs) identify their appropriate, reciprocal thalamic targets remains unclear. We show here that EphB1 and EphB2 receptors control proper navigation of a subset of TCA and CTA projections through the VTel. We show in vivo that EphB receptor forward signaling and the ephrinB1 ligand are required during the early navigation of L1-CAM(+) thalamic fibers in the VTel, and that the misguided thalamic fibers in EphB1/2 KO mice appear to interact with cortical subregion-specific axon populations during reciprocal cortical axon guidance. As such, our findings suggest that descending cortical axons identify specific TCA subpopulations in the dorsal VTel to coordinate reciprocal cortical-thalamic connectivity in the early developing brain.
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22
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Eph:ephrin-B1 forward signaling controls fasciculation of sensory and motor axons. Dev Biol 2013; 383:264-74. [PMID: 24056079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Axon fasciculation is one of the processes controlling topographic innervation during embryonic development. While axon guidance steers extending axons in the accurate direction, axon fasciculation allows sets of co-extending axons to grow in tight bundles. The Eph:ephrin family has been involved both in axon guidance and fasciculation, yet it remains unclear how these two distinct types of responses are elicited. Herein we have characterized the role of ephrin-B1, a member of the ephrinB family in sensory and motor innervation of the limb. We show that ephrin-B1 is expressed in sensory axons and in the limb bud mesenchyme while EphB2 is expressed in motor and sensory axons. Loss of ephrin-B1 had no impact on the accurate dorso-ventral innervation of the limb by motor axons, yet EfnB1 mutants exhibited decreased fasciculation of peripheral motor and sensory nerves. Using tissue-specific excision of EfnB1 and in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that ephrin-B1 controls fasciculation of axons via a surround repulsion mechanism involving growth cone collapse of EphB2-expressing axons. Altogether, our results highlight the complex role of Eph:ephrin signaling in the development of the sensory-motor circuit innervating the limb.
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23
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Walls CD, Iliuk A, Bai Y, Wang M, Tao WA, Zhang ZY. Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) provokes a tyrosine phosphoproteome to drive prometastatic signal transduction. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3759-77. [PMID: 24030100 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.028886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) is suspected to be a causative factor toward cellular metastasis when in excess. To date, the molecular basis for PRL3 function remains an enigma, making efforts at distilling a concerted mechanism for PRL3-mediated metastatic dissemination very difficult. We previously discovered that PRL3 expressing cells exhibit a pronounced increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Here we take an unbiased mass spectrometry-based approach toward identifying the phosphoproteins exhibiting enhanced levels of tyrosine phosphorylation with a goal to define the "PRL3-mediated signaling network." Phosphoproteomic data support intracellular activation of an extensive signaling network normally governed by extracellular ligand-activated transmembrane growth factor, cytokine, and integrin receptors in the PRL3 cells. Additionally, data implicate the Src tyrosine kinase as the major intracellular kinase responsible for "hijacking" this network and provide strong evidence that aberrant Src activation is a major consequence of PRL3 overexpression. Importantly, the data support a PDGF(α/β)-, Eph (A2/B3/B4)-, and Integrin (β1/β5)-receptor array as being the predominant network coordinator in the PRL3 cells, corroborating a PRL3-induced mesenchymal-state. Within this network, we find that tyrosine phosphorylation is increased on a multitude of signaling effectors responsible for Rho-family GTPase, PI3K-Akt, STAT, and ERK activation, linking observations made by the field as a whole under Src as a primary signal transducer. Our phosphoproteomic data paint the most comprehensive picture to date of how PRL3 drives prometastatic molecular events through Src activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Walls
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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24
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Rudov A, Rocchi MBL, Accorsi A, Spada G, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Rippo MR, Albertini MC. Putative miRNAs for the diagnosis of dyslexia, dyspraxia, and specific language impairment. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1023-9. [PMID: 23949389 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of human communication abilities can be classified into speech and language disorders. Speech disorders (e.g., dyspraxia) affect the sound generation and sequencing, while language disorders (e.g., dyslexia and specific language impairment, or SLI) are deficits in the encoding and decoding of language according to its rules (reading, spelling, grammar). The diagnosis of such disorders is often complicated, especially when a patient presents more than one disorder at the same time. The present review focuses on these challenges. We have combined data available from the literature with an in silico approach in an attempt to identify putative miRNAs that may have a key role in dyspraxia, dyslexia and SLI. We suggest the use of new miRNAs, which could have an important impact on the three diseases. Further, we relate those miRNAs to the axon guidance pathway and discuss possible interactions and the role of likely deregulated proteins. In addition, we describe potential differences in expressional deregulation and its role in the improvement of diagnosis. We encourage experimental investigations to test the data obtained in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rudov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Urbino University ''Carlo Bo''; Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Accorsi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Urbino University ''Carlo Bo''; Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Spada
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Fondamenti; Urbino University ''Carlo Bo''; Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona, Italy
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