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Gaertner Z, Azcorra M, Dombeck DA, Awatramani R. Molecular heterogeneity in the substantia nigra: A roadmap for understanding PD motor pathophysiology. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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2
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Zhang J, Shen Q, Ma Y, Liu L, Jia W, Chen L, Xie J. Calcium Homeostasis in Parkinson's Disease: From Pathology to Treatment. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1267-1270. [PMID: 35727497 PMCID: PMC9554109 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qingqing Shen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenting Jia
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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3
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Sürmen MG, Sürmen S, Cansız D, Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Alturfan AA, Büyükkayhan D, Emekli-Alturfan E. Amelioration of rotenone-induced alterations in energy/redox system, stress response and cytoskeleton proteins by octanoic acid in zebrafish: A proteomic study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23024. [PMID: 35218269 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone is used to generate Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms in experimental animals. Octanoic acid (C8), is the principal fatty acid of medium-chain triglycerides in ketogenic diets. Beneficial effects of ketogenic diets were shown in PD. We applied proteomic methods to reveal the effects of octanoic acid in rotenone toxicity in zebrafish to gain information on the use of ketogenic diets in PD. Zebrafish were exposed to 5 μg/ml rotenone and octanoic acid (20 and 60 mg/ml) for 30 days. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed. Raw files were analyzed by Proteome Discoverer 2.4 software, peptide lists were searched against Danio rerio proteins. STRING database was used for protein annotations or interactions. 2317 unique proteins were quantified, 302 proteins were differentially expressed. Proteins involved in cell organization, biogenesis, transport, response to stimulus were most frequently expressed. Our study is first to report that the alterations in the expressions of proteins related to energy and redox system, stress response, and cytoskeleton proteins caused by rotenone exposure were normalized by octanoic acid treatment in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa G Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University-Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal V Üstündağ
- Department Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet A Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Büyükkayhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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de Fraga LS, Tassinari ID, Jantsch J, Guedes RP, Bambini-Junior V. 'A picture is worth a thousand words': The use of microscopy for imaging neuroinflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:325-345. [PMID: 34596237 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first studies of the nervous system by the Nobel laureates Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramon y Cajal using simple dyes and conventional light microscopes, microscopy has come a long way to the most recent techniques that make it possible to perform images in live cells and animals in health and disease. Many pathological conditions of the central nervous system have already been linked to inflammatory responses. In this scenario, several available markers and techniques can help imaging and unveil the neuroinflammatory process. Moreover, microscopy imaging techniques have become even more necessary to validate the large quantity of data generated in the era of 'omics'. This review aims to highlight how to assess neuroinflammation by using microscopy as a tool to provide specific details about the cell's architecture during neuroinflammatory conditions. First, we describe specific markers that have been used in light microscopy studies and that are widely applied to unravel and describe neuroinflammatory mechanisms in distinct conditions. Then, we discuss some important methodologies that facilitate the imaging of these markers, such as immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Emphasis will be given to studies using two-photon microscopy, an approach that revolutionized the real-time assessment of neuroinflammatory processes. Finally, some studies integrating omics with microscopy will be presented. The fusion of these techniques is developing, but the high amount of data generated from these applications will certainly improve comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victorio Bambini-Junior
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Preston, UK
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5
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Yarmohammadi F, Wallace Hayes A, Najafi N, Karimi G. The protective effect of natural compounds against rotenone‐induced neurotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22605. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology University of South Florida Tampa Florida
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Nahid Najafi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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6
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Ross A, Xing V, Wang TT, Bureau SC, Link GA, Fortin T, Zhang H, Hayley S, Sun H. Alleviating toxic α-Synuclein accumulation by membrane depolarization: evidence from an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Brain 2020; 13:108. [PMID: 32736645 PMCID: PMC7395353 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the formation of toxic, fibrillar form alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) protein aggregates in dopaminergic neurons. Accumulating evidence has shown a multifactorial interplay between the intracellular calcium elevation and α-Syn dynamics. However, whether membrane depolarization regulates toxic α-Syn aggregates remains unclear. To understand this better, we used an in vitro α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFF) model of PD in human neural cells. We demonstrated functional membrane depolarization in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells induced by two independent treatments: high extracellular K+ and the GABAA receptor blocker picrotoxin. We then observed that these treatments significantly alleviated toxic α-Syn aggregation in PFF-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, clinically relevant direct current stimulation (DCS) also remarkably decreased toxic α-Syn aggregation in PFF-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that membrane depolarization plays an important role in alleviating PFF-induced toxic α-Syn aggregates, and that it may represent a novel therapeutic mechanism for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysia Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Viktoria Xing
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Ting Ting Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Samantha C Bureau
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Giovana A Link
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Teresa Fortin
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical center, Brooklyn, NY, 11226, USA
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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7
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Zampese E, Surmeier DJ. Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:61-89. [PMID: 32247375 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, disabling millions worldwide. Despite the imperative PD poses, at present, there is no cure or means of slowing progression. This gap is attributable to our incomplete understanding of the factors driving pathogenesis. Research over the past several decades suggests that both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous processes contribute to the neuronal dysfunction underlying PD symptoms. The thesis of this review is that an intersection of these processes governs the pattern of pathology in PD. Studies of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons, whose loss is responsible for the core motor symptoms of PD, suggest that they have a combination of traits-a long, highly branched axon, autonomous activity, and elevated mitochondrial oxidant stress-that predispose them to non-cell autonomous drivers of pathogenesis, like misfolded forms of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and inflammation. The literature surrounding these issues will be briefly summarized, and the translational implications of an intersectional hypothesis of PD pathogenesis discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Zampese
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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8
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Leandrou E, Emmanouilidou E, Vekrellis K. Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and α-Synuclein: Implications in Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:237. [PMID: 31649506 PMCID: PMC6794345 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is biochemically and genetically linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. It is now widely accepted that α-syn can be released in the extracellular space, even though the mechanism of its release is still unclear. In addition, pathology-related aggregated species of α-syn have been shown to propagate between neurons in synaptically connected areas of the brain thereby assisting the spreading of pathology in healthy neighboring neuronal cells. In neurons, calcium channels are key signaling elements that modulate the release of bioactive molecules (hormones, proteins, and neurotransmitters) through calcium sensing. Such calcium sensing activity is determined by the distinct biophysical and pharmacological properties and the ability of calcium channels to interact with other modulatory proteins. Although the function of extracellular α-syn is currently unknown, previous work suggested the presence of a calcium-dependent mechanism for α-syn secretion both in vitro, in neuronal cells in culture, and also in vivo, in the context of a trans-neuronal network in brain. Mechanisms regulating extracellular α-syn levels may be of particular importance as they could represent novel therapeutic targets. We discuss here how calcium channel activity may contribute to α-syn aggregation and secretion as a pathway to disease progression in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Leandrou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Emmanouilidou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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9
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González N, Arcos-López T, König A, Quintanar L, Menacho Márquez M, Outeiro TF, Fernández CO. Effects of alpha-synuclein post-translational modifications on metal binding. J Neurochem 2019; 150:507-521. [PMID: 31099098 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Neurodegeneration in this pathology is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, coupled with cytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein. The brain is an organ that concentrates metal ions, and there is emerging evidence that a break-down in metal homeostasis may be a critical factor in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. α-synuclein has emerged as an important metal-binding protein in the brain, whereas these interactions play an important role in its aggregation and might represent a link between protein aggregation, oxidative damage, and neuronal cell loss. Additionally, α-synuclein undergoes several post-translational modifications that regulate its structure and physiological function, and may be linked to the aggregation and/or oligomer formation. This review is focused on the interaction of this protein with physiologically relevant metal ions, highlighting the cases where metal-AS interactions profile as key modulators for its structural, aggregation, and membrane-binding properties. The impact of α-synuclein phosphorylation and N-terminal acetylation in the metal-binding properties of the protein are also discussed, underscoring a potential interplay between PTMs and metal ion binding in regulating α-synuclein physiological functions and its role in pathology. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno González
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Trinidad Arcos-López
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Menacho Márquez
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claudio O Fernández
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Wang S, Kojima K, Mobley JA, West AB. Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles reveal biomarkers for neurologic disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:351-361. [PMID: 31229437 PMCID: PMC6642358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) harbor thousands of proteins that hold promise for biomarker development. Usually difficult to purify, EVs in urine are relatively easily obtained and have demonstrated efficacy for kidney disease prediction. Herein, we further characterize the proteome of urinary EVs to explore the potential for biomarkers unrelated to kidney dysfunction, focusing on Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Using a quantitative mass spectrometry approach, we measured urinary EV proteins from a discovery cohort of 50 subjects. EVs in urine were classified into subgroups and EV proteins were ranked by abundance and variability over time. Enriched pathways and ontologies in stable EV proteins were identified and proteins that predict PD were further measured in a cohort of 108 subjects. Findings Hundreds of commonly expressed urinary EV proteins with stable expression over time were distinguished from proteins with high variability. Bioinformatic analyses reveal a striking enrichment of endolysosomal proteins linked to Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's disease. Tissue and biofluid enrichment analyses show broad representation of EVs from across the body without bias towards kidney or urine proteins. Among the proteins linked to neurological diseases, SNAP23 and calbindin were the most elevated in PD cases with 86% prediction success for disease diagnosis in the discovery cohort and 76% prediction success in the replication cohort. Interpretation Urinary EVs are an underutilized but highly accessible resource for biomarker discovery with particular promise for neurological diseases like PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wang
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kyoko Kojima
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew B West
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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11
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Switching on Endogenous Metal Binding Proteins in Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020179. [PMID: 30791479 PMCID: PMC6406413 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of cytotoxic intracellular protein aggregates is a pathological signature of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. The principle aggregating protein in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical Parkinson’s diseases is α-synuclein (α-syn), which occurs in neural cytoplasmic inclusions. Several factors have been found to trigger α-syn aggregation, including raised calcium, iron, and copper. Transcriptional inducers have been explored to upregulate expression of endogenous metal-binding proteins as a potential neuroprotective strategy. The vitamin-D analogue, calcipotriol, induced increased expression of the neuronal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D28k, and this significantly decreased the occurrence of α-syn aggregates in cells with transiently raised intracellular free Ca, thereby increasing viability. More recently, the induction of endogenous expression of the Zn and Cu binding protein, metallothionein, by the glucocorticoid analogue, dexamethasone, gave a specific reduction in Cu-dependent α-syn aggregates. Fe accumulation has long been associated with PD. Intracellularly, Fe is regulated by interactions between the Fe storage protein ferritin and Fe transporters, such as poly(C)-binding protein 1. Analysis of the transcriptional regulation of Fe binding proteins may reveal potential inducers that could modulate Fe homoeostasis in disease. The current review highlights recent studies that suggest that transcriptional inducers may have potential as novel mechanism-based drugs against metal overload in PD.
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12
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Guzman JN, Ilijic E, Yang B, Sanchez-Padilla J, Wokosin D, Galtieri D, Kondapalli J, Schumacker PT, Surmeier DJ. Systemic isradipine treatment diminishes calcium-dependent mitochondrial oxidant stress. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2266-2280. [PMID: 29708514 PMCID: PMC5983329 DOI: 10.1172/jci95898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the Cav1 channel inhibitor isradipine to slow the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) is being tested in a phase 3 human clinical trial. But it is unclear whether and how chronic isradipine treatment will benefit SNc DA neurons in vivo. To pursue this question, isradipine was given systemically to mice at doses that achieved low nanomolar concentrations in plasma, near those achieved in patients. This treatment diminished cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in SNc DA neurons without altering autonomous spiking or expression of Ca2+ channels, an effect mimicked by selectively knocking down expression of Cav1.3 channel subunits. Treatment also lowered mitochondrial oxidant stress, reduced a high basal rate of mitophagy, and normalized mitochondrial mass - demonstrating that Cav1 channels drive mitochondrial oxidant stress and turnover in vivo. Thus, chronic isradipine treatment remodeled SNc DA neurons in a way that should not only diminish their vulnerability to mitochondrial challenges, but to autophagic stress as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul T. Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Rcom-H'cheo-Gauthier AN, Meedeniya ACB, Pountney DL. Calcipotriol inhibits α-synuclein aggregation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by a Calbindin-D28k-dependent mechanism. J Neurochem 2017; 141:263-274. [PMID: 28164279 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the formation of microscopically visible intracellular protein aggregates. α-Synuclein is the key aggregating protein in Parkinson's disease which is characterized by neuronal cytoplasmic Lewy body inclusions. Previous studies have shown relative sparing of neurons in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies that are positive for the vitamin D-dependent calcium-buffering protein, calbindin-D28k, and that α-synuclein aggregates are excluded from calbindin-D28k-positive neurons. Recent cell culture studies have shown that α-synuclein aggregation can be induced by raised intracellular-free Ca(II) and demonstrated that raised intracellular calcium and oxidative stress can act synergistically to promote α-synuclein aggregation. We hypothesized that calcipotriol, a potent vitamin D analogue used pharmaceutically, may be able to suppress calcium-dependent α-synuclein aggregation by inducing calbindin-D28k expression. Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis showed that calcipotriol potently induced calbindin-D28k in a dose-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Calcipotriol significantly decreased the frequency of α-synuclein aggregate positive cells subjected to treatments that cause raised intracellular-free Ca(II) (potassium depolarization, KCl/H2 O2 combined treatment, and rotenone) in a dose-dependent manner and increased viability. Suppression of calbindin-D28k expression in calcipotriol-treated cells using calbindin-D28k-specific siRNA showed significantly higher α-synuclein aggregation levels, indicating that calcipotriol-mediated blocking of calcium-dependent α-synuclein aggregation was dependent on the induction of calbindin-D28k expression. These data indicate that targeting raised intraneuronal-free Ca(II) in the brain by promoting the expression of calbindin-D28k at the transcriptional level using calcipotriol could prevent α-synuclein aggregate formation and ameliorate Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian C B Meedeniya
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dean L Pountney
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Abstract
Across all kingdoms in the tree of life, calcium (Ca2+) is an essential element used by cells to respond and adapt to constantly changing environments. In multicellular organisms, it plays fundamental roles during fertilization, development and adulthood. The inability of cells to regulate Ca2+ can lead to pathological conditions that ultimately culminate in cell death. One such pathological condition is manifested in Parkinson's disease, the second most common neurological disorder in humans, which is characterized by the aggregation of the protein, α-synuclein. This Review discusses current evidence that implicates Ca2+ in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Understanding the mechanisms by which Ca2+ signaling contributes to the progression of this disease will be crucial for the development of effective therapies to combat this devastating neurological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V Zaichick
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M McGrath
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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15
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Rcom-H'cheo-Gauthier AN, Osborne SL, Meedeniya ACB, Pountney DL. Calcium: Alpha-Synuclein Interactions in Alpha-Synucleinopathies. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:570. [PMID: 28066161 PMCID: PMC5167751 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the pre-synaptic protein, α-synuclein (α-syn), is the key etiological factor in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other alpha-synucleinopathies, such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Various triggers for pathological α-syn aggregation have been elucidated, including post-translational modifications, oxidative stress, and binding of metal ions, such as calcium. Raised neuronal calcium levels in PD may occur due to mitochondrial dysfunction and/or may relate to calcium channel dysregulation or the reduced expression of the neuronal calcium buffering protein, calbindin-D28k. Recent results on human tissue and a mouse oxidative stress model show that neuronal calbindin-D28k expression excludes α-syn inclusion bodies. Previously, cell culture model studies have shown that transient increases of intracellular free Ca(II), such as by opening of the voltage-gated plasma calcium channels, could induce cytoplasmic aggregates of α-syn. Raised intracellular free calcium and oxidative stress also act cooperatively to promote α-syn aggregation. The association between raised neuronal calcium, α-syn aggregation, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity is reviewed in the context of neurodegenerative α-syn disease and potential mechanism-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dean L. Pountney
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith UniversityGold Coast, QLD, Australia
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