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Rahimzadeh M, Tennstedt S, Aherrahrou Z. Nexilin in cardiomyopathy: unveiling its diverse roles with special focus on endocardial fibroelastosis. Heart Fail Rev 2024:10.1007/s10741-024-10416-8. [PMID: 38985384 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac disorders exhibit considerable heterogeneity, and understanding their genetic foundations is crucial for their diagnosis and treatment. Recent genetic analyses involving a growing number of participants have uncovered novel mutations within both coding and non-coding regions of DNA, contributing to the onset of cardiac conditions. The NEXN gene, encoding the Nexilin protein, an actin filament-binding protein, is integral to normal cardiac function. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cardiomyopathies, cardiovascular disorders, and sudden deaths. Heterozygous or homozygous variants of the NEXN gene are associated with the development of endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE), a rare cardiac condition characterized by excessive collagen and elastin deposition in the left ventricular endocardium predominantly affecting infants and young children. EFE occurs both primary and secondary to other conditions and often leads to unfavorable prognoses and outcomes. This review explores the role of NEXN genetic variants in cardiovascular disorders, particularly EFE, revealing that functional mutations are not clustered in a specific domain of Nexilin based on the cardiac disorder phenotype. Our review underscores the importance of understanding genetic mutations for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rahimzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Stephanie Tennstedt
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Germany
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Germany.
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.
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2
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Chia SPS, Pang JKS, Soh BS. Current RNA strategies in treating cardiovascular diseases. Mol Ther 2024; 32:580-608. [PMID: 38291757 PMCID: PMC10928165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to impose a significant global health burden, necessitating the exploration of innovative treatment strategies. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising avenue to address the complex molecular mechanisms underlying CVD pathogenesis. We present a comprehensive review of the current state of RNA therapeutics in the context of CVD, focusing on the diverse modalities that bring about transient or permanent modifications by targeting the different stages of the molecular biology central dogma. Considering the immense potential of RNA therapeutics, we have identified common gene targets that could serve as potential interventions for prevalent Mendelian CVD caused by single gene mutations, as well as acquired CVDs developed over time due to various factors. These gene targets offer opportunities to develop RNA-based treatments tailored to specific genetic and molecular pathways, presenting a novel and precise approach to address the complex pathogenesis of both types of cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with delivery strategies to achieve targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics to the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the immense potential of RNA-based interventions as a novel and precise approach to combat CVD, paving the way for future advancements in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Pei Shan Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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3
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Jolfayi AG, Kohansal E, Ghasemi S, Naderi N, Hesami M, MozafaryBazargany M, Moghadam MH, Fazelifar AF, Maleki M, Kalayinia S. Exploring TTN variants as genetic insights into cardiomyopathy pathogenesis and potential emerging clues to molecular mechanisms in cardiomyopathies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5313. [PMID: 38438525 PMCID: PMC10912352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The giant protein titin (TTN) is a sarcomeric protein that forms the myofibrillar backbone for the components of the contractile machinery which plays a crucial role in muscle disorders and cardiomyopathies. Diagnosing TTN pathogenic variants has important implications for patient management and genetic counseling. Genetic testing for TTN variants can help identify individuals at risk for developing cardiomyopathies, allowing for early intervention and personalized treatment strategies. Furthermore, identifying TTN variants can inform prognosis and guide therapeutic decisions. Deciphering the intricate genotype-phenotype correlations between TTN variants and their pathologic traits in cardiomyopathies is imperative for gene-based diagnosis, risk assessment, and personalized clinical management. With the increasing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), a high number of variants in the TTN gene have been detected in patients with cardiomyopathies. However, not all TTN variants detected in cardiomyopathy cohorts can be assumed to be disease-causing. The interpretation of TTN variants remains challenging due to high background population variation. This narrative review aimed to comprehensively summarize current evidence on TTN variants identified in published cardiomyopathy studies and determine which specific variants are likely pathogenic contributors to cardiomyopathy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Kohansal
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Serwa Ghasemi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Naderi
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hesami
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hosseini Moghadam
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Farjam Fazelifar
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Kalayinia
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Gregorich ZR, Yanghai Z, Kamp TJ, Granzier H, Guo W. Mechanisms of RBM20 Cardiomyopathy: Insights From Model Systems. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004355. [PMID: 38288598 PMCID: PMC10923161 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
RBM20 (RNA-binding motif protein 20) is a vertebrate- and muscle-specific RNA-binding protein that belongs to the serine-arginine-rich family of splicing factors. The RBM20 gene was first identified as a dilated cardiomyopathy-linked gene over a decade ago. Early studies in Rbm20 knockout rodents implicated disrupted splicing of RBM20 target genes as a causative mechanism. Clinical studies show that pathogenic variants in RBM20 are linked to aggressive dilated cardiomyopathy with early onset heart failure and high mortality. Subsequent studies employing pathogenic variant knock-in animal models revealed that variants in a specific portion of the arginine-serine-rich domain in RBM20 not only disrupt splicing but also hinder nucleocytoplasmic transport and lead to the formation of RBM20 biomolecular condensates in the sarcoplasm. Conversely, mice harboring a disease-associated variant in the RRM (RNA recognition motif) do not show evidence of adverse remodeling or exhibit sudden death despite disrupted splicing of RBM20 target genes. Thus, whether disrupted splicing, biomolecular condensates, or both contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy is under debate. Beyond this, additional questions remain, such as whether there is sexual dimorphism in the presentation of RBM20 cardiomyopathy. What are the clinical features of RBM20 cardiomyopathy and why do some individuals develop more severe disease than others? In this review, we summarize the reported observations and discuss potential mechanisms of RBM20 cardiomyopathy derived from studies employing in vivo animal models and in vitro human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Potential therapeutic strategies to treat RBM20 cardiomyopathy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R. Gregorich
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Zhang Yanghai
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Timothy J. Kamp
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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5
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Furrow E, Tate N, Minor K, Martinson S, Larrabee S, Anttila M, Sleeper M, Henthorn P. An ABCC9 Missense Variant Is Associated with Sudden Cardiac Death and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Juvenile Dogs. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050988. [PMID: 37239348 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death in the young (SCDY) is a devastating event that often has an underlying genetic basis. Manchester Terrier dogs offer a naturally occurring model of SCDY, with sudden death of puppies as the manifestation of an inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We performed a genome-wide association study for SCDY/DCM in Manchester Terrier dogs and identified a susceptibility locus harboring the cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channel gene ABCC9. Sanger sequencing revealed an ABCC9 p.R1186Q variant present in a homozygous state in all SCDY/DCM-affected dogs (n = 26). None of the controls genotyped (n = 398) were homozygous for the variant, but 69 were heterozygous carriers, consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance with complete penetrance (p = 4 × 10-42 for the association of homozygosity for ABCC9 p.R1186Q with SCDY/DCM). This variant exists at low frequency in human populations (rs776973456) with clinical significance previously deemed uncertain. The results of this study further the evidence that ABCC9 is a susceptibility gene for SCDY/DCM and highlight the potential application of dog models to predict the clinical significance of human variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Furrow
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nicole Tate
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katie Minor
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Shannon Martinson
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE CIA 4P3, Canada
| | - Shannon Larrabee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Meg Sleeper
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Paula Henthorn
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Mazzaccara C, Lombardi R, Mirra B, Barretta F, Esposito MV, Uomo F, Caiazza M, Monda E, Losi MA, Limongelli G, D’Argenio V, Frisso G. Next-Generation Sequencing Gene Panels in Inheritable Cardiomyopathies and Channelopathies: Prevalence of Pathogenic Variants and Variants of Unknown Significance in Uncommon Genes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1417. [PMID: 36291626 PMCID: PMC9599286 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches allows for the identification of pathogenic mutations of cardiomyopathies and channelopathies in more than 200 different genes. Since genes considered uncommon for a clinical phenotype are also now included in molecular testing, the detection rate of disease-causing variants has increased. Here, we report the prevalence of genetic variants detected by using a NGS custom panel in a cohort of 133 patients with inherited cardiomyopathies (n = 77) or channelopathies (n = 56). We identified 82 variants, of which 50 (61%) were identified in genes without a strong or definitive evidence of disease association according to the NIH-funded Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen; "uncommon genes"). Among these, 35 (70%) were variants of unknown significance (VUSs), 13 (26%) were pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) mutations, and 2 (4%) benign (B) or likely benign (LB) variants according to American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) classifications. These data reinforce the need for the screening of uncommon genes in order to increase the diagnostic sensitivity of the genetic testing of inherited cardiomyopathies and channelopathies by allowing for the identification of mutations in genes that are not usually explored due to a currently poor association with the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bruno Mirra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Barretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Uomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Monaldi Hospital, AO Colli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Monaldi Hospital, AO Colli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Losi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Monaldi Hospital, AO Colli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Valeria D’Argenio
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy
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7
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Johansson J, Frykholm C, Ericson K, Kazamia K, Lindberg A, Mulaiese N, Falck G, Gustafsson P, Lidéus S, Gudmundsson S, Ameur A, Bondeson M, Wilbe M. Loss of Nexilin function leads to a recessive lethal fetal cardiomyopathy characterized by cardiomegaly and endocardial fibroelastosis. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1676-1687. [PMID: 35166435 PMCID: PMC9306924 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Carina Frykholm
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Katharina Ericson
- Department of Clinical Pathology Akademiska University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kalliopi Kazamia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Children's Heart Center Stockholm‐Uppsala Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Children’s Heart Center Stockholm‐Uppsala Akademiska University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | - Amanda Lindberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Nancy Mulaiese
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Geir Falck
- Department of Internal Medicine Bollnäs Hospital Bollnäs Sweden
| | | | - Sarah Lidéus
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sanna Gudmundsson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marie‐Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
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8
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Lin Y, Huang J, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Xian J, Yang Z, Qin T, Chen L, Huang J, Huang Y, Wu Q, Hu Z, Lin X, Xu G. Overlap phenotypes of the left ventricular noncompaction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with complex arrhythmias and heart failure induced by the novel truncated DSC2 mutation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:496. [PMID: 34819141 PMCID: PMC8611834 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a rare subtype of cardiomyopathy associated with a high risk of heart failure (HF), thromboembolism, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Methods The proband with overlap phenotypes of LVNC and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) complicates atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular tachycardia (VT), and HF due to the diffuse myocardial lesion, which were diagnosed by electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Peripheral blood was collected from the proband and his relatives. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of proband for high-throughput target capture sequencing. The Sanger sequence verified the variants. The protein was extracted from the skin of the proband and healthy volunteer. The expression difference of desmocollin2 was detected by Western blot. Results The novel heterozygous truncated mutation (p.K47Rfs*2) of the DSC2 gene encoding an important component of desmosomes was detected by targeted capture sequencing. The western blots showed that the expressing level of functional desmocollin2 protein (~ 94kd) was lower in the proband than that in the healthy volunteer, indicating that DSC2 p.K47Rfs*2 obviously reduced the functional desmocollin2 protein expression in the proband. Conclusion The heterozygous DSC2 p.K47Rfs*2 remarkably and abnormally reduced the functional desmocollin2 expression, which may potentially induce the overlap phenotypes of LVNC and HCM, complicating AF, VT, and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubi Lin
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jiana Huang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.,Reproductive Center, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jianzhong Xian
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Tingfeng Qin
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jingmin Huang
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Xiufang Lin
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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9
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The Combined Human Genotype of Truncating TTN and RBM20 Mutations Is Associated with Severe and Early Onset of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060883. [PMID: 34201072 PMCID: PMC8228627 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major cause of heart failure is cardiomyopathies, with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as the most common form. Over 40 genes are linked to DCM, among them TTN and RBM20. Next Generation Sequencing in clinical DCM cohorts revealed truncating variants in TTN (TTNtv), accounting for up to 25% of familial DCM cases. Mutations in the cardiac splicing factor RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) are also known to be associated with severe cardiomyopathies. TTN is one of the major RBM20 splicing targets. Most of the pathogenic RBM20 mutations are localized in the highly conserved arginine serine rich domain (RS), leading to a cytoplasmic mislocalization of mutant RBM20. Here, we present a patient with an early onset DCM carrying a combination of (likely) pathogenic TTN and RBM20 mutations. We show that the splicing of RBM20 target genes is affected in the mutation carrier. Furthermore, we reveal RBM20 haploinsufficiency presumably caused by the frameshift mutation in RBM20.
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to give an update on recent findings related to the cardiac splicing factor RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) and RBM20 cardiomyopathy, a form of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in RBM20. RECENT FINDINGS While most research on RBM20 splicing targets has focused on titin (TTN), multiple studies over the last years have shown that other splicing targets of RBM20 including Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIδ (CAMK2D) might be critically involved in the development of RBM20 cardiomyopathy. In this regard, loss of RBM20 causes an abnormal intracellular calcium handling, which may relate to the arrhythmogenic presentation of RBM20 cardiomyopathy. In addition, RBM20 presents clinically in a highly gender-specific manner, with male patients suffering from an earlier disease onset and a more severe disease progression. Further research on RBM20, and treatment of RBM20 cardiomyopathy, will need to consider both the multitude and relative contribution of the different splicing targets and related pathways, as well as gender differences.
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11
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Chen Q, Zheng W, Xu H, Yang Y, Song Z, Yuan L, Deng H. Digenic Variants in the TTN and TRAPPC11 Genes Co-segregating With a Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy in a Han Chinese Family. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:601757. [PMID: 33746696 PMCID: PMC7969792 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.601757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are hereditary genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle impairment which predominantly include proximal muscle weaknesses in the pelvic and shoulder girdles. This article describes an attempt to identify genetic cause(s) for a LGMD pedigree via a combination of whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Digenic variants, the titin gene (TTN) c.19481T>G (p.Leu6494Arg) and the trafficking protein particle complex 11 gene (TRAPPC11) c.3092C>G (p.Pro1031Arg), co-segregated with the disease phenotype in the family, suggesting their possible pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Upadhyay SK, Mackereth CD. Structural basis of UCUU RNA motif recognition by splicing factor RBM20. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4538-4550. [PMID: 32187365 PMCID: PMC7192616 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate splicing factor RBM20 (RNA binding motif protein 20) regulates protein isoforms important for heart development and function, with mutations in the gene linked to cardiomyopathy. Previous studies have identified the four nucleotide RNA motif UCUU as a common element in pre-mRNA targeted by RBM20. Here, we have determined the structure of the RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) domain from mouse RBM20 bound to RNA containing a UCUU sequence. The atomic details show that the RRM domain spans a larger region than initially proposed in order to interact with the complete UCUU motif, with a well-folded C-terminal helix encoded by exon 8 critical for high affinity binding. This helix only forms upon binding RNA with the final uracil, and removing the helix reduces affinity as well as specificity. We therefore find that RBM20 uses a coupled folding-binding mechanism by the C-terminal helix to specifically recognize the UCUU RNA motif.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron D Mackereth
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.,Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, ARNA Laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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13
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Huang Y, Hu D, Huang C, Nichols CG. Genetic Discovery of ATP-Sensitive K + Channels in Cardiovascular Diseases. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 12:e007322. [PMID: 31030551 DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.007322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are hetero-octameric protein complexes comprising 4 pore-forming (Kir6.x) subunits and 4 regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits. They are prominent in myocytes, pancreatic β cells, and neurons and link cellular metabolism with membrane excitability. Using genetically modified animals and genomic analysis in patients, recent studies have implicated certain ATP-sensitive K+ channel subtypes in physiological and pathological processes in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the causal relationship between ATP-sensitive K+ channel activity and pathophysiology in the cardiovascular system, particularly from the perspective of genetic changes in human and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, PR China (Y.H., D.H., C.H.).,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H., D.H., C.H.)
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, PR China (Y.H., D.H., C.H.).,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H., D.H., C.H.)
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, PR China (Y.H., D.H., C.H.).,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H., D.H., C.H.)
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (C.G.N.)
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14
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Sasikumar D, Bhattacharya D, Kurup H, Krishnamoorthy KM. Left ventricular noncompaction in primary systemic carnitine deficiency: A rare association. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 14:521-523. [PMID: 35527759 PMCID: PMC9075557 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_152_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare phenotype of dilated cardiomyopathy. We report a child with primary systemic carnitine deficiency having associated LVNC.
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15
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Brodehl A, Ebbinghaus H, Deutsch MA, Gummert J, Gärtner A, Ratnavadivel S, Milting H. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Models for Genetic Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184381. [PMID: 31489928 PMCID: PMC6770343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, many pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic mutations in over hundred different genes have been described for non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies. However, the functional knowledge about most of these mutations is still limited because the generation of adequate animal models is time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying specific cardiomyopathy-associated mutations are a promising alternative. Since the original discovery that pluripotency can be artificially induced by the expression of different transcription factors, various patient-specific-induced pluripotent stem cell lines have been generated to model non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies in vitro. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies and give an overview about different human iPSC lines, which have been developed for the disease modeling of inherited cardiomyopathies. We summarize different methods and protocols for the general differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. In addition, we describe methods and technologies to investigate functionally human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we summarize novel genome editing approaches for the genetic manipulation of human iPSCs. This review provides an overview about the genetic landscape of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on iPSC technology, which might be of interest for clinicians and basic scientists interested in genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hans Ebbinghaus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Ratnavadivel
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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16
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Yamamoto T, Miura A, Itoh K, Takeshima Y, Nishio H. RNA sequencing reveals abnormal LDB3 splicing in sudden cardiac death. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 302:109906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Thomson KL, Ormondroyd E, Harper AR, Dent T, McGuire K, Baksi J, Blair E, Brennan P, Buchan R, Bueser T, Campbell C, Carr-White G, Cook S, Daniels M, Deevi SVV, Goodship J, Hayesmoore JBG, Henderson A, Lamb T, Prasad S, Rayner-Matthews P, Robert L, Sneddon L, Stark H, Walsh R, Ware JS, Farrall M, Watkins HC. Analysis of 51 proposed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes from genome sequencing data in sarcomere negative cases has negligible diagnostic yield. Genet Med 2019; 21:1576-1584. [PMID: 30531895 PMCID: PMC6614037 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing numbers of genes are being implicated in Mendelian disorders and incorporated into clinical test panels. However, lack of evidence supporting the gene-disease relationship can hinder interpretation. We explored the utility of testing 51 additional genes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), one of the most commonly tested Mendelian disorders. METHODS Using genome sequencing data from 240 sarcomere gene negative HCM cases and 6229 controls, we undertook case-control and individual variant analyses to assess 51 genes that have been proposed for HCM testing. RESULTS We found no evidence to suggest that rare variants in these genes are prevalent causes of HCM. One variant, in a single case, was categorized as likely to be pathogenic. Over 99% of variants were classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) and 54% of cases had one or more VUS. CONCLUSION For almost all genes, the gene-disease relationship could not be validated and lack of evidence precluded variant interpretation. Thus, the incremental diagnostic yield of extending testing was negligible, and would, we propose, be outweighed by problems that arise with a high rate of uninterpretable findings. These findings highlight the need for rigorous, evidence-based selection of genes for clinical test panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Thomson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ormondroyd
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew R Harper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Dent
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen McGuire
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John Baksi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward Blair
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rachel Buchan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Teofila Bueser
- King's College London, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carolyn Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Stuart Cook
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of, Singapore, Singapore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Daniels
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sri V V Deevi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith Goodship
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Jesse B G Hayesmoore
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex Henderson
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Teresa Lamb
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sanjay Prasad
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paula Rayner-Matthews
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leema Robert
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Linda Sneddon
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Hannah Stark
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roddy Walsh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Farrall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hugh C Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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18
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Castellana S, Mastroianno S, Palumbo P, Palumbo O, Biagini T, Leone MP, De Luca G, Potenza DR, Amico CM, Mazza T, Russo A, Di Stolfo G, Carella M. Sudden death in mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with compound DSG2/DSC2/MYH6 mutations: Revisiting phenotype after genetic assessment in a master runner athlete. J Electrocardiol 2019; 53:95-99. [PMID: 30716529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies represent a well-known cause of heart failure and sudden death. Although cardiomyopathies are generally categorized in distinct nosographic entities, characterized by single gene-to-disease causal relationships, recently, oligogenic mutations have also been associated to relevant cardiac clinical features. We report the case of a master athlete carrying trigenic mutations in desmoglein-2 (DSG2), desmocollin-2 (DSC2) and heavy chain myosin 6 (MYH6), which determine a mild hypertrophic phenotype associated both to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and atrio-ventricular block. We discuss the differential diagnosis and prognostic approach in patient affected by complex cardiomyopathy phenotype, along with the importance of sport restriction and sudden death prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Sandra Mastroianno
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Pietro Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Maria Pia Leone
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Giovanni De Luca
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Domenico Rosario Potenza
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Cesare Maria Amico
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Aldo Russo
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Stolfo
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy.
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19
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Richard P, Ader F, Roux M, Donal E, Eicher JC, Aoutil N, Huttin O, Selton-Suty C, Coisne D, Jondeau G, Damy T, Mansencal N, Casalta AC, Michel N, Haentjens J, Faivre L, Lavoute C, Nguyen K, Tregouët DA, Habib G, Charron P. Targeted panel sequencing in adult patients with left ventricular non-compaction reveals a large genetic heterogeneity. Clin Genet 2018; 95:356-367. [PMID: 30471092 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a cardiomyopathy that may be of genetic origin; however, few data are available about the yield of mutation, the spectrum of genes and allelic variations. The aim of this study was to better characterize the genetic spectrum of isolated LVNC in a prospective cohort of 95 unrelated adult patients through the molecular investigation of 107 genes involved in cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias. Fifty-two pathogenic or probably pathogenic variants were identified in 40 patients (42%) including 31 patients (32.5%) with single variant and 9 patients with complex genotypes (9.5%). Mutated patients tended to have younger age at diagnosis than patients with no identified mutation. The most prevalent genes were TTN, then HCN4, MYH7, and RYR2. The distribution includes 13 genes previously reported in LVNC and 10 additional candidate genes. Our results show that LVNC is basically a genetic disease and support genetic counseling and cardiac screening in relatives. There is a large genetic heterogeneity, with predominant TTN null mutations and frequent complex genotypes. The gene spectrum is close to the one observed in dilated cardiomyopathy but with specific genes such as HCN4. We also identified new candidate genes that could be involved in this sub-phenotype of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Richard
- APHP, Functional Unit of Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de la Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 and ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Flavie Ader
- APHP, Functional Unit of Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de la Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Maguelonne Roux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 and ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Eicher
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne - Hôpital François Mitterrand, 2 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Dijon, France
| | - Nadia Aoutil
- APHP, Functional Unit of Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de la Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Huttin
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, rue du Morvan, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christine Selton-Suty
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, rue du Morvan, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Damien Coisne
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Guillaume Jondeau
- APHP, Service Cardiologie, CHU Paris Nord-Val de Seine - Hôpital Xavier Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Damy
- APHP, Service Cardiologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Mansencal
- APHP, Service de Cardiologie, CHU Ambroise Paré, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | | | - Nicolas Michel
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Haentjens
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Service de Génétique, CHU Dijon Bourgogne - Hôpital François Mitterrand, Dijon, France
| | - Cecile Lavoute
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Nguyen
- APHM, Département de Génétique Médicale, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - David-Alexandre Tregouët
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 and ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Gilbert Habib
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Charron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 and ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France.,APHP, Centre de référence pour les maladies cardiaques héréditaires, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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20
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Novelli V, Malkani K, Cerrone M. Pleiotropic Phenotypes Associated With PKP2 Variants. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:184. [PMID: 30619891 PMCID: PMC6305316 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) is a component of the desmosome complex and known for its role in cell-cell adhesion. Recently, alterations in the Pkp2 gene have been associated with different inherited cardiac conditions including Arrythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM or ARVC), Brugada syndrome (BrS), and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation to name the most relevant. However, the assessment of pathogenicity regarding the genetic variations associated with Pkp2 is still a challenging task: the gene has a positive Residual Variation Intolerance Score and the potential deleterious role of several of its variants has been disputed. Limitations in facilitating interpretation and annotations of these variants are seen in the lack of segregation and clinical data in the control population of reference. In this review, we will provide a summary of all the currently available genetic information related to the Pkp2 gene, including different phenotypes, ClinVar annotations and data from large control database. Our goal is to provide a literature review that could help clinicians and geneticists in interpreting the role of Pkp2 variants in the context of heritable sudden death syndromes. Limitations of current algorithms and data repositories will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Novelli
- Centro Studi "Benito Stirpe" per la Prevenzione della Morte Improvvisa Nel Giovane Atleta, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Kabir Malkani
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marina Cerrone
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Zahr HC, Jaalouk DE. Exploring the Crosstalk Between LMNA and Splicing Machinery Gene Mutations in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2018; 9:231. [PMID: 30050558 PMCID: PMC6052891 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes for the nuclear lamina proteins lamins A and C, are responsible for a diverse group of diseases known as laminopathies. One type of laminopathy is Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), a heart muscle disease characterized by dilation of the left ventricle and impaired systolic function, often leading to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. LMNA is the second most commonly mutated gene in DCM. In addition to LMNA, mutations in more than 60 genes have been associated with DCM. The DCM-associated genes encode a variety of proteins including transcription factors, cytoskeletal, Ca2+-regulating, ion-channel, desmosomal, sarcomeric, and nuclear-membrane proteins. Another important category among DCM-causing genes emerged upon the identification of DCM-causing mutations in RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20), an alternative splicing factor that is chiefly expressed in the heart. In addition to RBM20, several essential splicing factors were validated, by employing mouse knock out models, to be embryonically lethal due to aberrant cardiogenesis. Furthermore, heart-specific deletion of some of these splicing factors was found to result in aberrant splicing of their targets and DCM development. In addition to splicing alterations, advances in next generation sequencing highlighted the association between splice-site mutations in several genes and DCM. This review summarizes LMNA mutations and splicing alterations in DCM and discusses how the interaction between LMNA and splicing regulators could possibly explain DCM disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana E. Jaalouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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22
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Phosphorylation of the RSRSP stretch is critical for splicing regulation by RNA-Binding Motif Protein 20 (RBM20) through nuclear localization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8970. [PMID: 29895960 PMCID: PMC5997748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
RBM20 is a major regulator of heart-specific alternative pre-mRNA splicing of TTN encoding a giant sarcomeric protein titin. Mutation in RBM20 is linked to autosomal-dominant familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), yet most of the RBM20 missense mutations in familial and sporadic cases were mapped to an RSRSP stretch in an arginine/serine-rich region of which function remains unknown. In the present study, we identified an R634W missense mutation within the stretch and a G1031X nonsense mutation in cohorts of DCM patients. We demonstrate that the two serine residues in the RSRSP stretch are constitutively phosphorylated and mutations in the stretch disturb nuclear localization of RBM20. Rbm20S637A knock-in mouse mimicking an S635A mutation reported in a familial case showed a remarkable effect on titin isoform expression like in a patient carrying the mutation. These results revealed the function of the RSRSP stretch as a critical part of a nuclear localization signal and offer the Rbm20S637A mouse as a good model for in vivo study.
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23
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Rueda M, Wagner JL, Phillips TC, Topol SE, Muse ED, Lucas JR, Wagner GN, Topol EJ, Torkamani A. Molecular Autopsy for Sudden Death in the Young: Is Data Aggregation the Key? Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:72. [PMID: 29181379 PMCID: PMC5694161 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Scripps molecular autopsy study seeks to incorporate genetic testing into the postmortem examination of cases of sudden death in the young (<45 years old). Here, we describe the results from the first 2 years of the study, which consisted of whole exome sequencing (WES) of a cohort of 50 cases predominantly from San Diego County. Apart from the individual description of cases, we analyzed the data at the cohort-level, which brought new perspectives on the genetic causes of sudden death. We investigated the advantages and disadvantages of using WES compared to a gene panel for cardiac disease (usually the first genetic test used by medical examiners). In an attempt to connect complex clinical phenotypes with genotypes, we classified samples by their genetic fingerprint. Finally, we studied the benefits of analyzing the mitochondrial DNA genome. In this regard, we found that half of the cases clinically diagnosed as sudden infant death syndrome had an increased ratio of heteroplasmic variants, and that the variants were also present in the mothers. We believe that community-based data aggregation and sharing will eventually lead to an improved classification of variants. Allele frequencies for the all cases can be accessed via our genomics browser at https://genomics.scripps.edu/browser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rueda
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer L Wagner
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tierney C Phillips
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sarah E Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Evan D Muse
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan R Lucas
- Medical Examiner Department, San Diego County, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Glenn N Wagner
- Medical Examiner Department, San Diego County, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eric J Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ali Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Ehsan M, Jiang H, L Thomson K, Gehmlich K. When signalling goes wrong: pathogenic variants in structural and signalling proteins causing cardiomyopathies. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:303-316. [PMID: 29119312 PMCID: PMC5742121 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a diverse group of cardiac disorders with distinct phenotypes, depending on the proteins and pathways affected. A substantial proportion of cardiomyopathies are inherited and those will be the focus of this review article. With the wide application of high-throughput sequencing in the practice of clinical genetics, the roles of novel genes in cardiomyopathies are recognised. Here, we focus on a subgroup of cardiomyopathy genes [TTN, FHL1, CSRP3, FLNC and PLN, coding for Titin, Four and a Half LIM domain 1, Muscle LIM Protein, Filamin C and Phospholamban, respectively], which, despite their diverse biological functions, all have important signalling functions in the heart, suggesting that disturbances in signalling networks can contribute to cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehroz Ehsan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - He Jiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate L Thomson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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25
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Ouellette A, Mathew J, Manickaraj A, Manase G, Zahavich L, Wilson J, George K, Benson L, Bowdin S, Mital S. Clinical genetic testing in pediatric cardiomyopathy: Is bigger better? Clin Genet 2017; 93:33-40. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Ouellette
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - J. Mathew
- Cardiology Department; The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne; Victoria Australia
| | - A.K. Manickaraj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - G. Manase
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - L. Zahavich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - J. Wilson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - K. George
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - L. Benson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - S. Bowdin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - S. Mital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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26
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Arbustini E, Favalli V, Narula N, Serio A, Grasso M. Left Ventricular Noncompaction: A Distinct Genetic Cardiomyopathy? J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:949-66. [PMID: 27561770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) describes a ventricular wall anatomy characterized by prominent left ventricular (LV) trabeculae, a thin compacted layer, and deep intertrabecular recesses. Individual variability is extreme, and trabeculae represent a sort of individual "cardioprinting." By itself, the diagnosis of LVNC does not coincide with that of a "cardiomyopathy" because it can be observed in healthy subjects with normal LV size and function, and it can be acquired and is reversible. Rarely, LVNC is intrinsically part of a cardiomyopathy; the paradigmatic examples are infantile tafazzinopathies. When associated with LV dilation and dysfunction, hypertrophy, or congenital heart disease, the genetic cause may overlap. The prevalence of LVNC in healthy athletes, its possible reversibility, and increasing diagnosis in healthy subjects suggests cautious use of the term LVNC cardiomyopathy, which describes the morphology but not the functional profile of the cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Favalli
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nupoor Narula
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alessandra Serio
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizia Grasso
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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27
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Szabadosova V, Boronova I, Ferenc P, Tothova I, Bernasovska J, Zigova M, Kmec J, Bernasovsky I. Analysis of selected genes associated with cardiomyopathy by next-generation sequencing. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28594148 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the leading cause of congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy represents a heterogenous group of heart muscle disorders. Despite considerable progress being made in the genetic diagnosis of cardiomyopathy by detection of the mutations in the most prevalent cardiomyopathy genes, the cause remains unsolved in many patients. High-throughput mutation screening in the disease genes for cardiomyopathy is now possible because of using target enrichment followed by next-generation sequencing. The aim of the study was to analyze a panel of genes associated with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy based on previously published results in order to identify the subjects at risk. METHODS The method of next-generation sequencing by IlluminaHiSeq 2500 platform was used to detect sequence variants in 16 individuals diagnosed with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Detected variants were filtered and the functional impact of amino acid changes was predicted by computational programs. RESULTS DNA samples of the 16 patients were analyzed by whole exome sequencing. We identified six nonsynonymous variants that were shown to be pathogenic in all used prediction softwares: rs3744998 (EPG5), rs11551768 (MGME1), rs148374985 (MURC), rs78461695 (PLEC), rs17158558 (RET) and rs2295190 (SYNE1). Two of the analyzed sequence variants had minor allele frequency (MAF)<0.01: rs148374985 (MURC), rs34580776 (MYBPC3). CONCLUSION Our data support the potential role of the detected variants in pathogenesis of dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; however, the possibility that these variants might not be true disease-causing variants but are susceptibility alleles that require additional mutations or injury to cause the clinical phenotype of disease must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Szabadosova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Boronova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Peter Ferenc
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Tothova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Bernasovska
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Zigova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Jan Kmec
- Cardiocentre, Faculty Hospital of J.A. Reiman, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Bernasovsky
- Center of Languages and Cultures of National Minorities, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
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28
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Chen Y, Barajas-Martinez H, Zhu D, Wang X, Chen C, Zhuang R, Shi J, Wu X, Tao Y, Jin W, Wang X, Hu D. Novel trigenic CACNA1C/DES/MYPN mutations in a family of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with early repolarization and short QT syndrome. J Transl Med 2017; 15:78. [PMID: 28427417 PMCID: PMC5399316 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with early repolarization (ER) pattern are at higher risk of ventricular arrhythmia, yet the genetic background of this situation has not been well investigated. Here we report novel trigenic mutations detected in a Chinese family of obstructive HCM with ER and short QT syndrome (SQTS). Methods Proband and family members underwent detailed medical assessments. DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes for genetic screening with next generation method. The functional characterization of the mutation was conducted in TSA201 cells with patch-clamp experiment. Results The proband was a 52-year-old male who had a ER pattern ECG in inferioral-lateral leads with atrioventricular block and QTc of 356 ms. He also suffered from severe left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. Targeted sequencing revealed trigenic mutations: c.700G>A/p.E234K in DES, c.2966G>A/p.R989H in MYPN, and c.5918G>C/p.R1973P in CACNA1C. All mutations were also detected in his daughter with ER and mild myocardium hypertrophy. The CACNA1C-R1973P mutation caused significant reduction (68.4%) of ICa compared to CACNA1C-WT (n = 14 and 14, P < 0.05). The computer modeling showed that all 3 mutations were highly disease-causing. The proband received the CRT-D (cardiac resynchronizing therapy) implantation, which lowered the left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG, 124 mmHg pre vs. 27 mmHg post) and restored the LV function (LVEF 40% pre vs. 63% post). Conclusions The study reveals a novel CACNA1C mutation underlying the unique ER pattern ECGs with SQTS. It also shows the rare trigenic mutations are the pathogenic substrates for the complicated clinical manifestation in HCM patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1180-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Dongxiao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chonghao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijia Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong University, 3rd People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated To Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, Wuxi, 214043, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA. .,Molecular Genetics Department, SCRO Chair of Stem Cell Center, Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA.
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29
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Wang G, Ji R, Zou W, Penny DJ, Fan Y. Inherited Cardiomyopathies: Genetics and Clinical Genetic Testing. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2017.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Kayvanpour E, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Amr A, Lai A, Haas J, Holzer DB, Frese KS, Keller A, Jensen K, Katus HA, Meder B. Genotype-phenotype associations in dilated cardiomyopathy: meta-analysis on more than 8000 individuals. Clin Res Cardiol 2016; 106:127-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-016-1033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Phelan DG, Anderson DJ, Howden SE, Wong RCB, Hickey PF, Pope K, Wilson GR, Pébay A, Davis AM, Petrou S, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG, James PA, Macciocca I, Bahlo M, Cheung MM, Amor DJ, Elliott DA, Lockhart PJ. ALPK3-deficient cardiomyocytes generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and mutant human embryonic stem cells display abnormal calcium handling and establish that ALPK3 deficiency underlies familial cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2586-90. [PMID: 27106955 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We identified a novel homozygous truncating mutation in the gene encoding alpha kinase 3 (ALPK3) in a family presenting with paediatric cardiomyopathy. A recent study identified biallelic truncating mutations of ALPK3 in three unrelated families; therefore, there is strong genetic evidence that ALPK3 mutation causes cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to clarify the mutation mechanism and investigate the molecular and cellular pathogenesis underlying ALPK3-mediated cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed detailed clinical and genetic analyses of a consanguineous family, identifying a new ALPK3 mutation (c.3792G>A, p.W1264X) which undergoes nonsense-mediated decay in ex vivo and in vivo tissues. Ultra-structural analysis of cardiomyocytes derived from patient-specific and human ESC-derived stem cell lines lacking ALPK3 revealed disordered sarcomeres and intercalated discs. Multi-electrode array analysis and calcium imaging demonstrated an extended field potential duration and abnormal calcium handling in mutant contractile cultures. CONCLUSIONS This study validates the genetic evidence, suggesting that mutations in ALPK3 can cause familial cardiomyopathy and demonstrates loss of function as the underlying genetic mechanism. We show that ALPK3-deficient cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cell models recapitulate the ultrastructural and electrophysiological defects observed in vivo. Analysis of differentiated contractile cultures identified abnormal calcium handling as a potential feature of cardiomyocytes lacking ALPK3, providing functional insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ALPK3-mediated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Phelan
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Anderson
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond C B Wong
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne 3002, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter F Hickey
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Pope
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle R Wilson
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne 3002, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Davis
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A James
- Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivan Macciocca
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael M Cheung
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Amor
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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Ladd AN. New Insights Into the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Heart Development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 324:125-85. [PMID: 27017008 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression during development takes place both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate pre-mRNA processing, mRNA localization, stability, and translation. Many RBPs are expressed in the heart and have been implicated in heart development, function, or disease. This chapter will review the current knowledge about RBPs in the developing heart, focusing on those that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. The involvement of RBPs at each stage of heart development will be considered in turn, including the establishment of specific cardiac cell types and formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac morphogenesis, and postnatal maturation and aging. The contributions of RBPs to cardiac birth defects and heart disease will also be considered in these contexts. Finally, the interplay between RBPs and other regulatory factors in the developing heart, such as transcription factors and miRNAs, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Ladd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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