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Elmounedi N, Bahloul W, Kharrat A, Horchani M, Ben Jannet H, Racem Guidara A, Keskes H. Ozone therapy (O 2-O 3) alleviates the progression of early intervertebral disc degeneration via the inhibition of oxidative stress and the interception of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111596. [PMID: 38301412 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) stands for the most frequent cause of low back pain. Finding a cure for this disease is an important challenge as current conservative treatments and surgical interventions fail to bring a solution to this disease. Ozone therapy (O2-O3) has yielded outstanding outcomes in intervertebral disc pathology. The ozone's efficacy in the treatment of IDD remains unconfirmed. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of intradiscal ozone injection on IDD induced in a rat. Effects of ozone therapy on the viability of nucleus pulposus cells were evaluated by CCK-8 assays. Macrophage immunoreactivity was detected by immunohistochemical, the expression of collagen type II was evaluated by western blot, and measurement of oxidative stress parameters was realized. Molecular docking studies were carried out in order to predict the interaction formed between O3 and the target enzymes, on the one hand, O3 with PI3K and, on the other hand, O3 with COX-2. IRM, X-ray, hematoxylin-eosin, and bleu alcian staining were realized to assess the therapeutic impacts of ozone in the puncture-induced rat model of IDD. In vivo, O3 ameliorated the IDD in the early stage of this disease. It was also displayed in molecular docking that O3 might bind to PI3K to suppress the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study's results show that the O3 should be administered at the low grade of IDD and at an early stage because it cannot restore the advanced inflammatory alteration of the IVD. Our results corroborated also that O3 inhibits the progression of IDD via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, which supports O3 as an effective therapeutic option for treating IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najah Elmounedi
- Cell Therapy and Experimental Surgery of Musculoskeletal System LR18SP11 Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Walid Bahloul
- Cell Therapy and Experimental Surgery of Musculoskeletal System LR18SP11 Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Mabrouk Horchani
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11Es39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11Es39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Racem Guidara
- Cell Therapy and Experimental Surgery of Musculoskeletal System LR18SP11 Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassib Keskes
- Cell Therapy and Experimental Surgery of Musculoskeletal System LR18SP11 Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
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Feng C, Yao J, Xie Y, Yang F, Fan X. Association between different composite dietary antioxidant indexes and low back pain in American women adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:147. [PMID: 38200420 PMCID: PMC10782773 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain is the leading cause of productivity loss, imposes a significant economic burden on the patients and society. Oxidative stress is considered a critical factor in the complex pathophysiological process and pathogenic mechanism of low back pain. Adjustment dietary pattern can effectively increase antioxidant biomarkers levels within the body to reduce oxidative stress. The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) serves a reliable scoring system for quantifying the potential dietary antioxidant capacity of daily diets. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the potential association between CDAI and low back pain, in order to enhance the management of low back pain through dietary guidance. METHODS This study included 17,682 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004 and 2009-2010. The weighted logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between CDAI and low back pain, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) was employed to examine non-linear trend and cutoffs. RESULTS After adjusting for all confounders, the results showed that there was no significant association between CDAI and low back pain. However, individuals in the highest quartile of CDAI exhibited an 11.7% less likelihood of experiencing a low back pain than those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.883; 95% CI [0.787,0.991], P = 0.034), and the trend test was also significant (P for trend < 0.001). RCS indicated a linear relationship between CDAI and low back pain (P for non-linear = 0.876). Gender subgroup analysis showed that this negative association was significant in the female population (OR = 0.983; 95% CI [0.968, 0.998], P = 0.027), and females in the highest quartile of CDAI were 19.7% less likely to suffer low back pain than those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.803; 95% CI [0.682,0.945], P = 0.008). Additionally, the changes in zinc (OR = 1.009; 95% CI [1.002, 1.016], P = 0.015) and selenium (OR = 0.379; 95% CI [0.164, 0.875], P = 0.023) per milligram were independently associated with low back pain. CONCLUSION The fully adjusted model showed no significant association between CDAI and low back pain, but it was significant in quartiles. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis by gender revealed a negative association between CDAI and low back pain in the female population. Additionally, the findings of this study also suggested that the antioxidant diets should be studied in a dietary pattern context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Yao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yizhou Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohong Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, P. R. China.
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Wang Y, Cheng H, Wang T, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Kang X. Oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration: Molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis and treatment. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13448. [PMID: 36915968 PMCID: PMC10472537 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of labour loss and disability worldwide, and it also imposes a severe economic burden on patients and society. Among symptomatic LBP, approximately 40% is caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is the pathological basis of many spinal degenerative diseases such as disc herniation and spinal stenosis. Currently, the therapeutic approaches for IDD mainly include conservative treatment and surgical treatment, neither of which can solve the problem from the root by terminating the degenerative process of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Therefore, further exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of IDD and adopting targeted therapeutic strategies is one of the current research hotspots. Among the complex pathophysiological processes and pathogenic mechanisms of IDD, oxidative stress is considered as the main pathogenic factor. The delicate balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants is essential for maintaining the normal function and survival of IVD cells. Excessive ROS levels can cause damage to macromolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins of cells, affect normal cellular activities and functions, and ultimately lead to cell senescence or death. This review discusses the potential role of oxidative stress in IDD to further understand the pathophysiological processes and pathogenic mechanisms of IDD and provides potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Huiguang Cheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Chen X, Wang Z, Deng R, Yan H, Liu X, Kang R. Intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammatory microenvironment: expression, pathology, and therapeutic strategies. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1811-1828. [PMID: 37665342 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP), posing a significant socioeconomic burden. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of inflammatory microenvironment in IDD progression. METHOD A keyword-based search was performed using the PubMed database for published articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines disrupts intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis, causing atrophy, fibrosis, and phenotypic changes in nucleus pulposus cells. Modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and restoring cytokine balance hold promise for IVD repair and regeneration. This comprehensive review systematically examines the expression regulation, pathological effects, therapeutic strategies, and future challenges associated with the inflammatory microenvironment and relevant cytokines in IDD. Key inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and chemokines, exhibit significant pathological effects in IDD. Furthermore, major therapeutic modalities such as chemical antagonists, biologics, plant extracts, and gene transcription therapies are introduced to control and ameliorate the inflammatory microenvironment. These approaches provide valuable insights for identifying potential targets in future anti-inflammatory treatments for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran Kang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Huang W, Cao Z, Cui Y, Huo S, Shao B, Song M, Cheng P, Li Y. Lycopene ameliorates aflatoxin B 1-induced testicular lesion by attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage with Nrf2 activation in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114846. [PMID: 37018856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an extremely hazardous and unavoidable pollutant for cereals and feedstuff. AFB1 can cause testicular lesion, and how to alleviate its testicular toxicity has received much attention in recent years. Lycopene (LYC), a foodborne nutrient derived from red fruits and vegetables, has protective effects against sperm abnormality and testicular lesions. To confirm the beneficial effects and mechanisms of LYC on AFB1-induced testicular lesion, 48 male mice were exposed to 0.75 mg/kg AFB1 or/and 5 mg/kg LYC for consecutive 30 days. Results demonstrated the LYC significantly restored the lesions of testicular microstructure and ultrastructure, and sperm abnormalities in AFB1-exposed mice. Furthermore, LYC effectively attenuated AFB1-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, including ameliorative mitochondrial structural, and elevated mitochondrial biogenesis for maintaining mitochondrial function. Meanwhile, LYC resisted AFB1-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. In addition, LYC promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, and upregulated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrate LYC ameliorates AFB1-induced testicular lesion by attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, which is related to the activation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 028000 Tongliao, China
| | - Siming Huo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Activation of Nrf2 signaling by 4-octyl itaconate attenuates the cartilaginous endplate degeneration by inhibiting E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNF598. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:213-227. [PMID: 36270478 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilaginous endplate (CEP) degeneration is the main early manifestations of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), and is closely related to the oxidative stress. Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, NFE2L2) is a vital transcriptional factor of cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. We aimed to illustrate whether the Nrf2 which was increased in expression by 4-octyl itaconate (4OI) could attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration through suppressing macrophage associated inflammation and catabolism of cartilaginous endplate. METHODS Firstly, we detected the expression of Nrf2 in human degenerative CEPs. Then, we performed in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo (a rat-tail puncture model) experiments to explore the role of 4OI in IVDD. Also, by cell co-culture experiments, we demonstrated 4OI restrained the macrophage-associated inflammatory responses. Finally, through western blotting and immunoprecipitation (IP) assay, we clarified the ZNF598-mediated ubiquitination of Nrf2. RESULTS We found decreased expression of Nrf2 in human degenerative CEPs. Using a rat IVDD model(n = 6), 4OI significantly ameliorated the progression of IVDD by MR images and histological analysis. Immunofluorescence results reveal that catabolism of CEPs and macrophage-associated inflammation are suppressed by 4OI treatment. Mechanistically, the 4OI increases Nrf2 expression and inhibits the secretion of inflammatory factors (IL-1β) by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages, thus preventing the inflammatory-related CEP degeneration. Meanwhile, 4OI suppresses the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and catabolism of LPS-induced rat CEP cells. In addition, 4OI inhibits the ZNF598-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2 in LPS-induced rat CEP cells. CONCLUSIONS 4OI may alleviate IVDD by suppressing CEP degeneration and macrophage-associated inflammation. 4OI may be an alternative therapy for degenerative CEPs/IVDs.
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Zhang CY, Hu XC, Zhang GZ, Liu MQ, Chen HW, Kang XW. Role of Nrf2 and HO-1 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:559-576. [PMID: 35736364 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2089565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common age-related disease with clinical manifestations of lumbar and leg pain and limited mobility. The pathogenesis of IDD is mainly mediated by the death of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation. Oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions are the important factors causing this pathological change. Therefore, the regulation of reactive oxygen species and production of inflammatory factors may be an effective strategy to delay the progression of IDD. In recent years, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream regulated protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) have received special attention due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic protective effects. Recent studies have elucidated the important role of these two proteins in the treatment of IDD disease. However, Nrf2 and HO-1 have not been systematically reported in IDD-related diseases. Therefore, this review describes the biological characteristics of Nrf2 and HO-1, the relationship between Nrf2- and HO-1-regulated oxidative stress and the inflammatory response and IDD, and the progress in research on some extracts targeting Nrf2 and HO-1 to improve IDD. Understanding the role and mechanism of Nrf2 and HO-1 in IDD may provide novel ideas for the clinical treatment and development of Nrf2- and HO-1-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang-Yu Zhang
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xu-Chang Hu
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhang
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ming-Qiang Liu
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Hai-Wei Chen
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xue-Wen Kang
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
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Oxidative Stress and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Pathophysiology, Signaling Pathway, and Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1984742. [PMID: 36262281 PMCID: PMC9576411 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1984742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), characterized as decreased proteoglycan content, ossification of endplate, and decreased intervertebral height, is one of the major reasons of low back pain, which seriously affects the quality of life and also brings heavy economic burden. However, the mechanisms leading to IDD and its therapeutic targets have not been fully elucidated. Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidant systems, between too many products of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the insufficient scavenging function. Excessive ROS can damage cell lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, which has been proved to be related to the development of a variety of diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported that oxidative stress is involved in the pathological process of IDD. Excessive ROS can accelerate the IDD process via inducing the pathological activities, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and senescence. In this review, we focused on pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced IDD. Moreover, the present review also summarized the possible ideas for the future therapy strategies of oxidative stress-related IDD.
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Effects of Three Feed Additives on the Culturable Microbiota Composition and Histology of the Anterior and Posterior Intestines of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182424. [PMID: 36139282 PMCID: PMC9495144 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This work is dedicated to the study of the effects of three feed additives that are promising for use in aquaculture on the culturable microbial community and the tissue structure (histology) of the intestines of laboratory zebrafish. The feed additives used in this research have different functional properties: (i) micronutrient chelated compounds, which eliminate mineral nutrition deficiencies; (ii) butyric acid, a postbiotic drug aimed at stimulating intestinal bacteria growth and improving immunity; and (iii) lycopene, a carotenoid and wide-spectrum antioxidant. All of the tested supplements resulted in changes in the intestinal microbial community in both the anterior and posterior intestines. The change in gut microbiota correlated with histological changes in the intestines. The results of the study showed that in most concentrations, the feed additives had a positive effect on certain groups of microorganisms. The method of microbiota research based on microorganism cultivation used in this work makes it possible to evaluate the effect of feed additives on the relative abundance of key representatives of the microbial community. Abstract In this study, the effect of three promising feed additives (chelated compounds of trace elements, butyric acid, lycopene) on changes in the culturable microbiota and histological parameters of two sections of the intestines of Danio rerio (zebrafish) was studied. The use of these feed additives can help to eliminate the deficiency of trace elements, modulate the composition of the microbiota due to the postbiotic properties of butyric acid, and reduce oxidative stress when using lycopene. Incorporation of the investigated supplements in the feed resulted in a significant change in the relative abundance of certain groups of microorganisms. The taxonomic diversity of cultured microorganisms did not differ in the anterior and posterior intestines, while there were differences in the relative abundance of these microorganisms. The most sensitive groups of microorganisms were the genera Bacillus and Serratia. A significant effect on the composition of the cultured microbiota was caused by lycopene (in all studied concentrations), leading to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the anterior gut. Studies of the histological structure of the anterior and posterior guts have shown the relationship between the barrier and secretory functions of the gut and the composition of the microbiota while using butyric acid (1 and 2 g kg−1) and trace element chelated compounds (2 mg kg−1). This culture-dependent method of studying the microbiome makes it possible to assess changes in some representatives of the main groups of microorganisms (Firmicutes and Proteobacteria). Despite the incompleteness of the data obtained by the culture-dependent method, its application makes it possible to assess the bioactive properties of feed and feed additives and their impact on the microbiota involved in digestive processes.
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The Nrf2 antioxidant defense system in intervertebral disc degeneration: Molecular insights. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1067-1075. [PMID: 35978054 PMCID: PMC9440120 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common degenerative musculoskeletal disorder and is recognized as a major contributor to discogenic lower back pain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IDD remain unclear, and therapeutic strategies for IDD are currently limited. Oxidative stress plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of many age-related diseases in humans, including IDD. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master antioxidant transcription factor that protects cells against oxidative stress damage. Nrf2 is negatively modulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and exerts important effects on IDD progression. Accumulating evidence has revealed that Nrf2 can facilitate the transcription of downstream antioxidant genes in disc cells by binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in promoter regions, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1). The Nrf2 antioxidant defense system regulates cell apoptosis, senescence, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, the inflammatory response of the nucleus pulposus (NP), and calcification of the cartilaginous endplates (EP) in IDD. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge on the roles of Nrf2 in IDD systematically. Insights into the activity of a protein that regulates gene expression and protects cells against oxidative stress could yield novel treatments for lower back pain. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common cause of lower back pain, but the molecular mechanisms underlying IDD are unclear, meaning treatment options are limited. Oxidative stress is implicated in IDD, and scientists have begun exploring the role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of the body’s antioxidant responses, in regulating IDD progression. In a review of recent research, Weishi Li at Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China, and co-workers point out that boosting the activity of Nrf2-related signaling pathways alleviates oxidative stress in intervertebral disc cells. The researchers suggest that therapies based on non-coding RNAs may prove valuable in activating Nrf2 in IDD patients.
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Kang L, Zhang H, Jia C, Zhang R, Shen C. Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytochemicals. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956355. [PMID: 35903342 PMCID: PMC9315394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a major cause of disability worldwide that declines the quality of life; it poses a substantial economic burden for the patient and society. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of low back pain, and it is also the pathological basis of several spinal degenerative diseases, such as intervertebral disc herniation and spinal stenosis. The current clinical drug treatment of IDD focuses on the symptoms and not their pathogenesis, which results in frequent recurrence and gradual aggravation. Moreover, the side effects associated with the long-term use of these drugs further limit their use. The pathological mechanism of IDD is complex, and oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in promoting IDD. They induce the destruction of the extracellular matrix in IVD and reduce the number of living cells and functional cells, thereby destroying the function of IVD and promoting the occurrence and development of IDD. Phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, grains, and other herbs play a protective role in the treatment of IDD as they have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This article reviews the protective effects of phytochemicals on IDD and their regulatory effects on different molecular pathways related to the pathogenesis of IDD. Moreover, the therapeutic limitations and future prospects of IDD treatment have also been reviewed. Phytochemicals are promising candidates for further development and research on IDD treatment.
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Bushen Huoxue Formula Modulates Autophagic Flux and Inhibits Apoptosis to Protect Nucleus Pulposus Cells by Restoring the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8929448. [PMID: 35669720 PMCID: PMC9167005 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8929448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) has the characteristics of chronic and persistence, which is a heavy social burden. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of LBP. The typical features of IVDD are extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and nucleus pulposus cell (NP) apoptosis. Bushen Huoxue Formula (BSHXF) has good clinical effects on LBP. However, the mechanism of BSHXF affecting ECM and NP cells is still unclear. Aim of the Study. In this study, the impact of BSHXF on autophagy and apoptosis of NP cells was studied through the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Material and Methods. NP cells were extracted through the digestion of collagenase and trypsin, and the components of BSHXF were identified. Cell Counting Kit-8 was applied to detect the impact of BSHXF on NP cells. Mitochondrial function was detected using MitoTracker assay, ATP kit, and SOD kit. Autophagy and apoptosis were detected by RT-qPCR, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results BSHXF promoted NP cell survival in a concentration-dependent manner, and the elimination of rat serum did not increase cell proliferation; TNF-α accelerated ECM degradation, ROS accumulation, and NP cell apoptosis and decreased autophagic flux. BSHXF restored mitochondrial function and autophagic flux. In addition, AMPK/SIRT1 pathway activation was associated with IVDD. Conclusions BSHXF regulates autophagy and enhances autophagic flux to suppress excessive ROS production and restore mitochondrial function in an AMPK/SIRT1-dependent manner. However, the protection of BSHXF on TNF-α-treated cells was eliminated by 3-MA. Furthermore, the protective impact of BSHXF on ECM degradation and apoptosis induced by TNF-α was restrained by an AMPK inhibitor. Therefore, maintaining the proper autophagy illustrates treatment strategy for IVDD.
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Wang DK, Zheng HL, Zhou WS, Duan ZW, Jiang SD, Li B, Zheng XF, Jiang LS. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:1569-1582. [PMID: 35673928 PMCID: PMC9363752 DOI: 10.1111/os.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the most common contributor to low back pain (LBP). Recent studies have found that oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in IVDD. As a by‐product of aerobic respiration, ROS is mainly produced in the mitochondria by the electron transport chain and other mitochondrial located proteins. With the excessive accumulation of ROS, mitochondria are also the primary target of ROS attack in disc cells. A disrupted balance between intracellular ROS production and antioxidant capacity will lead to oxidative stress, which is the key contributor to cell apoptosis, cell senescence, excessive autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. As the pivotal ingredient of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction manifests as imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics and dysregulated mitophagy. Mitochondria can alter their own dynamics through the process of fusion and fission, so that disabled mitochondria can be separated from the mitochondrial pool. Moreover, mitophagy participates by clearing these dysfunctional mitochondria. Abnormality in any of these processes either increases the production or decreases the clearance of ROS, leading to a vicious cycle that results in the death of intervertebral disc cells in large quantities, combined with degradation of the extracellular matrix and overproduction of matrix metalloproteinase. In this review, we explain the changes in mitochondrial morphology and function during oxidative stress‐mediated IVDD and highlight the important role of mitochondria in this process. Eventually, we summarize the IVDD therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction based on current understanding of the role of oxidative stress in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Kai Wang
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huo-Liang Zheng
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Dan Jiang
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zheng
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Spine Centre, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Wang D, Cai X, Xu F, Kang H, Li Y, Feng R. Ganoderic Acid A alleviates the degeneration of intervertebral disc via suppressing the activation of TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11684-11693. [PMID: 35506157 PMCID: PMC9275919 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As a multifactorial disease, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) causes many spinal-related diseases, which causes disability in the workforce and heavy social costs all over the world. Recently, Ganoderic Acid A (GAA) has been reported to play many pharmacological effects. However, its effect on IVDD remains unclear. In the present study, our study determined that GAA significantly inhibited H2O2 induced apoptosis, release of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress mediators in the nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Moreover, GAA also suppressed H2O2 induced major matrix degrading proteases (MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5) associated with NP degradation. Additionally, we found NP protective ability of GAA by up-regulating extra cellular matrix anabolic factors like type II collagen (Col II) and aggrecan in NP cells. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that GAA suppressed the activation of TLR4/NLRP3 in H2O2-stimulated NP cells. Thus, our results demonstrate that GAA inhibited the H2O2 induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses through the depression of TLR4/NLRP3 signaling axis. GAA possess NP protective properties and may be of value in suppressing the pathogenesis of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jingmen NO.2 People's Hospital, Jingmen 448000, China.,College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.,Department of Orthopedics Surgery, PLA Middle Military Command General Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianhua Cai
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.,Department of Orthopedics Surgery, PLA Middle Military Command General Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, PLA Middle Military Command General Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Kang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, PLA Middle Military Command General Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanjin Li
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan 430061, China
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15
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Selenium Attenuates TBHP-Induced Apoptosis of Nucleus Pulposus Cells by Suppressing Mitochondrial Fission through Activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7531788. [PMID: 35450408 PMCID: PMC9017574 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7531788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD), the leading cause of low back pain (LBP), remains intractable due to a lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Several lines of studies have documented that nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) death induced by excessive oxidative stress is a crucial contributor to IDD. However, the concrete role and regulation mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Selenium (Se), a vital prosthetic group of antioxidant enzymes, is indispensable for maintaining redox homeostasis and promoting cell survival. However, no light was shed on the role of Se on IDD progression, especially regulation on mitochondrial dynamics and homeostasis. To fill this research gap, the current study focuses on the effects of Se, including sodium selenite (SS) and selenomethionine (Se-Met), on IDD progression and the underlying mechanisms. In vitro, we found that both SS and Se-Met alleviated tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (TBHP-) induced oxidative stress, protected mitochondrial function, and inhibited apoptosis of NPCs. Further experiments indicated that Se suppressed TBHP-induced mitochondrial fission and rescued the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics. Promoting mitochondrial fission by carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) partially counteracted the cytoprotective effects of Se. Moreover, blocking nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with ML385 proved that the effect of Se on regulating mitochondrial dynamics was attributed to the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. In the puncture-induced rat IDD model, a supplement of Se-Met ameliorated degenerative manifestations. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Se suppressed TBHP-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission by activating the Nrf2 pathway, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of NPCs and ameliorating IDD. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by Se may have a potential application value in attenuating the pathological process of IDD.
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Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorates Nucleus Pulposus Cell Dysfunction through Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6021763. [PMID: 34754326 PMCID: PMC8572606 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6021763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress, inflammation, and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) apoptosis are involved in pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been found to effectively depress oxidative stress and inflammation via the Nrf2 pathway. Hence, this project was designed to explore the underlying mechanisms of how DMF protects NPCs from damage by LPS challenge. Methods and Results CCK8 assay and flow cytometry of apoptosis indicated that DMF treatment attenuated LPS-induced NPC damage. Western blot analysis demonstrated that DMF enhanced the expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in LPS-challenged NPCs. DMF treatment significantly decreased the accumulation of ROS, downregulated inflammatory cytokines (p-NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and ER stress-associated apoptosis proteins (Bip, calpain-1, caspase-12, caspase-3, and Bax) in LPS-challenged NPCs. The level of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was promoted by DMF treatment in LPS-challenged NPCs. Glutathione (GSH) assay showed that DMF treatment improved reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio in LPS-challenged NPCs. Furthermore, the results of western blot analysis indicated that in LPS-challenged NPCs, DMF treatment ameliorated the elevated levels of matrix degradation enzymes (MMP-13, aggrecanase 1) and type I collagen and the reduced levels of matrix composition (type II collagen and ACAN). However, Nrf2 knockdown abolished these protective effects of DMF. Conclusion Our data suggested that treatment with DMF mitigated LPS-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and ER stress-associated apoptosis in NPCs via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, thus reliving LPS-induced dysfunction of NPCs, which offered a novel potential pharmacological treatment strategy for IVDD.
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Huo Y, Yang D, Lai K, Tu J, Zhu Y, Ding W, Yang S. Antioxidant Effects of Resveratrol in Intervertebral Disk. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:1135-1144. [PMID: 34670455 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1988771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) can cause various spinal degenerative diseases. Cumulative evidence has indicated that IVDD can result from inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, biomechanical changes and other factors. Currently, lack of conservative treatment for degenerative spinal diseases leads to an urgent demand for clinically applicable medication to ameliorate the progression of IVDD. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol compound extracted from red wine or grapes, has shown protective effects on IVD, alleviating the progression of IVDD. Resveratrol has been demonstrated as a scavenger of free radicals both in vivo and in vitro. The antioxidant effects of resveratrol are likely attributed to its regulation on mitochondrial dysfunction or the elimination of reactive oxygen species. This review will summarize the mechanisms of the reactive oxygen species production and elaborate the mechanisms of resveratrol in retarding IVDD progression, providing a comprehensive understanding of the antioxidant effects of resveratrol in IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachong Huo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Dalong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Kaitao Lai
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ji Tu
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yibo Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Sidong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Rajput SA, Liang SJ, Wang XQ, Yan HC. Lycopene Protects Intestinal Epithelium from Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Damage via Regulating Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091493. [PMID: 34573125 PMCID: PMC8466454 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a threatening mycotoxin primarily present in the agricultural environment, especially in food commodities and animal forages, and exerts significant global health hazards. Lycopene (LYC) is a potent antioxidant carotenoid mainly present in tomatoes and other fruits with enormous health benefits. The present study was designed to ascertain whether LYC could protect DON-induced intestinal epithelium oxidative injury by regulating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in the intestine of mice. A total of forty-eight mice were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 12), Control (CON), 10 mg/kg BW LYC, 3 mg/kg BW DON, and 3 mg/kg DON + 10 mg/kg LYC BW (DON + LYC). The experimental groups were treated by intragastric administration for 11 days. Our results showed that LYC significantly increased average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and repaired intestinal injury and barrier dysfunction, as evident by increased trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and decreased diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, as well as up-regulated tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1) under DON exposure. Furthermore, LYC treatment stabilized the functions of intestinal epithelial cells (Lgr5, PCNA, MUC2, LYZ, and Villin) under DON exposure. Additionally, LYC alleviated DON-induced oxidative stress by reducing ROS and MDA accumulation and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, T-SOD, T-AOC, and GSH-Px), which was linked with the activation of Nrf2 signaling and degradation of Keap1 expression. Conclusively, our findings demonstrated that LYC protects intestinal epithelium from oxidative injury by modulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway under DON exposure. These novel findings could lead to future research into the therapeutic use of LYC to protect the DON-induced harmful effects in humans and/or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- Correspondence: (X.-Q.W.); (H.-C.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-38295462 (X.-Q.W.)
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- Correspondence: (X.-Q.W.); (H.-C.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-38295462 (X.-Q.W.)
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Chun KS, Raut PK, Kim DH, Surh YJ. Role of chemopreventive phytochemicals in NRF2-mediated redox homeostasis in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:699-715. [PMID: 34214633 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While functioning as a second messenger in the intracellular signaling, ROS can cause oxidative stress when produced in excess or not neutralized/eliminated properly. Excessive ROS production is implicated in multi-stage carcinogenesis. Our body is equipped with a defense system to cope with constant oxidative stress caused by the external insults, including redox-cycling chemicals, radiation, and microbial infection as well as endogenously generated ROS. The transcription factor, nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master switch in the cellular antioxidant signaling and plays a vital role in adaptive survival response to ROS-induced oxidative stress. Although NRF2 is transiently activated when cellular redox balance is challenged, this can be overwhelmed by massive oxidative stress. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the NRF2-mediated antioxidant defense capacity at an optimal level. This review summarizes the natural NRF2 inducers/activators, especially those present in the plant-based diet, in relation to their cancer chemopreventive potential in humans. The molecular mechanisms underlying their stabilization or activation of NRF2 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42691, South Korea
| | - Pawan Kumar Raut
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42691, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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