1
|
Kent MA, Mullen AM, O'Neill E, Álvarez C. Assessing the impact of ultrasound on the rate and extent of early post-mortem glycolysis in bovine Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. Meat Sci 2024; 214:109531. [PMID: 38701701 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The rate of pH decline, early post-mortem, has been identified as a key factor that impacts the tenderness of meat, and manipulating this rate of pH decline is highly relevant to ensure consistent high quality meat. Ultrasound is a potential intervention in early post - mortem muscle that may have an impact on the rate of glycolysis through its ability to alter enzyme activity. Following a variety of different ultrasound treatments frequencies (25 and 45 kHz) and durations (15, 30 and 45 min), it was found, when analysed in muscle, that ultrasound treatment duration, specifically the 30 min treatment, and interaction between treatment duration and frequency, had a significant impact on the rate of pH decline, post - treatment. Frequency did not have a significant effect on the rate of pH decline, post - treatment, in muscle. Ultrasound did not have a significant permanent effect on the activity of glycolytic enzymes present in bovine Longissimus lumborum et thoracis muscle, where no significant differences were observed on the rate of pH decline and rate of change of reducing sugars, glycogen and lactic acid, when analysed in an in vitro glycolytic buffer. It seems that the impact observed in intact muscle is not as a consequence of a permanent change in enzymatic activity, instead indicating an impact on conditions in the muscle which enhanced enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Kent
- Department of Food Quality and Sensory Analysis, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne Maria Mullen
- Department of Food Quality and Sensory Analysis, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen O'Neill
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Carlos Álvarez
- Department of Food Quality and Sensory Analysis, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ann Kent M, Maria Mullen A, O'Neill E, Álvarez C. The impact of ultrasound treatment on glycolytic enzymes when applied to crude extracts from early post-mortem bovine muscle. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 104:106842. [PMID: 38460472 PMCID: PMC10940754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The rate of pH decline post - mortem and its interaction with temperature influences the final tenderness of meat, and therefore, the manipulation of the rate of pH decline is a strategy of interest in order to obtain consistent high quality meat. Ultrasound is a potential early post - mortem carcass intervention, which may alter the rate of glycolysis based on its ability to alter enzyme activity. In this study, homogenates (prepared from early post-mortem Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle) were subjected to different ultrasound intensities (0 %/60 %/100 % amp) and treatment durations (15/ 30 min). The effect of these treatments on the inherent activity of the glycolytic enzymes was investigated using an in vitro glycolytic buffer model system. It was found that ultrasound treatment intensity and duration had a significant interactive effect on the rate of pH decline, and on reducing sugars and lactic acid concentrations, specifically following the 100 % amp ultrasound for 30 min treatment and between 30 and 240 min incubation. No significant differences in pH or metabolites content were observed between treatments after 1440 min of incubation. No effect of ultrasound intensity or treatment duration was observed on the degradation of glycogen. Under the reported conditions of this trial, it can be concluded that the application of ultrasound has limited potential to have an impact on the glycolytic pathways in bovine muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Kent
- Department of Food Quality and Sensory Analysis, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne Maria Mullen
- Department of Food Quality and Sensory Analysis, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen O'Neill
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Carlos Álvarez
- Department of Food Quality and Sensory Analysis, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lenner Á, Papp ZL, Szabó C, Komlósi I. Calming Hungarian Grey Cattle in Headlocks Using Processed Nasal Vocalization of a Mother Cow. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:135. [PMID: 38200866 PMCID: PMC10778485 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sound analysis is an important field of research for improving precision livestock farming systems. If the information carried by livestock sounds is interpreted correctly, it could be used to improve management and welfare assessment in this field. Therefore, we hypothesized that the nasal vocalization of a mother cow could have a calming effect on conspecifics. The nasal vocalization in our study was recorded from a mother cow (not part of the test herd) while it was licking its day-old calf. The raw sound was analyzed, cleaned from noises, and the most representative vocalization was lengthened to two minutes. Thirty cows having calves were randomly selected from eighty Hungarian grey cattle cows. Two test days were selected, one week apart; the weather circumstances in both days were similar. The herd was collected in a paddock, and the test site (a restraining crate with a headlock) was 21 m away from them. The cows from the herd were gently moved to the restraining crate, and, after the installation of the headlock, Polar® heart rate monitors were fixed on the animals. The recording of the RR intervals was carried out for two minutes. On day one of the test, the processed nasal sound was played to every second cow during the heart rate monitoring. When the sound ended, the heart rate monitor was removed. On test day two, the sound and no sound treatments were switched among the participating cows. At the end of the measurement, the headlock was opened, letting the animals out voluntarily, and a flight test was performed along a 5 m distance. The time needed to pass the 5 m length was measured with a stopwatch and divided by the distance. The RR intervals were analyzed with the Kubios HRV Standard (ver. 3.5.0) software. The following data were recorded for the entire measurement: average and maximum heart rate; SD1 and SD2; pNN50; VLF, LF, and HF. The quasi-periodic signal detected in the sound analyses can hardly be heard, even when it is enhanced to the maximum. This can be considered a vibration probably caused by the basis of articulation, such as a vibration of the tongue, for example. The SD2/SD1 ratio (0.97 vs. 1.07 for the animals having no sound and sound played, respectively, p = 0.0110) and the flight speed (0.92 vs. 1.08 s/m for the animals having no sound and sound played, respectively, p = 0.0409) indicate that the sound treatment had a calming effect on the restrained cows. The day of the test did not influence any of the measured parameters; therefore, no effect of the routine was observed. The yes-no sequence of the sound treatment significantly reduced the pNN50 and flight speed values, suggesting a somewhat more positive association with the headlock and the effectiveness of the processed nasal sound. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that, by means of sound analyses, not only information about individuals and the herd can be gathered but that, with proper processing, the sound obtained can be used to improve animal welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Lenner
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lajos Papp
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Szabó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Komlósi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Zhao Y, Liang R, Mao Y, Zuo H, Hopkins DL, Yang X, Luo X, Zhu L, Zhang Y. Effects of different protein phosphorylation levels on the tenderness of different ultimate pH beef. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113512. [PMID: 37986506 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between tenderness and protein phosphorylation levels of normal ultimate pH (pHu, 5.4-5.8, NpHu), intermediate pHu (5.8-6.2, IpHu) and high pHu (≥6.2, HpHu) Longissimus lumborum from beef. During 21 d of ageing, the HpHu group had the lowest Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values, while the IpHu group showed the highest and even after 21 days of ageing still had high levels. In the late stage of the 24 h post-mortem period the faster degradation rate of troponin T and earlier activation of caspase 9 in the HpHu group were the key reasons for the lower WBSF compared with the NpHu and IpHu groups. The activity of caspase 3 cannot explain the tenderness differences between IpHu and HpHu groups, since their activities did not show any difference. At 24 h post-mortem, 17 common differential phosphorylated peptides were detected among pHu groups, of which nine were associated with pHu and WBSF. The higher phosphorylation level of glycogen synthase may have caused the delay of meat tenderization in the IpHu group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Li
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Rongrong Liang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Huixin Zuo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - David L Hopkins
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Canberra ACT, 2903, Australia.
| | - Xiaoyin Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Xin Luo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nelis JLD, Bose U, Broadbent JA, Hughes J, Sikes A, Anderson A, Caron K, Schmoelzl S, Colgrave ML. Biomarkers and biosensors for the diagnosis of noncompliant pH, dark cutting beef predisposition, and welfare in cattle. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2391-2432. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Utpal Bose
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food St Lucia Australia
| | | | | | - Anita Sikes
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food Coopers Plains Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guarnido-López P, Resconi VC, Campo MDM, Guerrero A, María GA, Olleta JL. Slaughtering of heifers in a local or an industrial abattoir: animal welfare and meat quality consequences. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Bogdanowicz J, Modzelewska-Kapituła M, Białobrzewski I, Mozolewski W. Biochemical and textural changes in beef from bulls and steers of different crossbreeds shortly after slaughter and during ageing. Meat Sci 2021; 183:108641. [PMID: 34365254 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the course of glycogenolysis, ATP breakdown and fragmentation of myofibrillar proteins in the semitendinosus muscle of a progeny of Limousin×Holstein-Friesian (LMx) and Charolaise×Holstein-Friesian (CHx) (bulls and steers) and to describe the changes in the above parameters over time and its relationship with beef texture. The hypothesis that beef from bulls and steers of different crossbreeds required the same ageing time to achieve satisfactory tenderness was also tested. Cattle crossbreeding did not affect the amount of muscle glycogen, and castration did not differentiate it until 3 h post-mortem. The interaction between crossbreeding and castration was found, and the highest shear force values were observed in CHx bulls, whereas the lowest was in CHx steers. Beef obtained from CHx was found to be more predestined to short ageing, and LMx required longer ageing to achieve good tenderness. The R-values more strongly influenced subsequent beef texture than pH values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bogdanowicz
- Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła
- Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ireneusz Białobrzewski
- Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Heweliusza 14, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wacław Mozolewski
- Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
García-Torres S, Cabeza de Vaca M, Tejerina D, Romero-Fernández MP, Ortiz A, Franco D, Sentandreu MA, Oliván M. Assessment of Stress by Serum Biomarkers in Calves and Their Relationship to Ultimate pH as an Indicator of Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082291. [PMID: 34438748 PMCID: PMC8388433 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The routine handling of cattle during the rearing period and during antemortem events is an inevitable source of animal stress that can have negative impacts on the quality of meat, resulting in economic losses for the meat industry. This study assesses the breed, the farm management system, and the pre-mortem handling of animals and their impact on serum stress biomarkers, as well as their relationship with pHu. The findings indicate that breed, together with farm management, had the highest impact; cortisol, lactate, and serum amyloid A were identified as potential stress biomarkers in relation to pHu. We believe that these findings might help in the assessment of stress in cattle at the stage prior to slaughter. Abstract Seventy-eight calves from Asturiana de los Valles, Retinta, and Rubia Gallega breeds, under extensive and intensive farm systems and animal mixing and non-mixing conditions, and during the transport and lairage in slaughterhouses, were studied. This research aimed to study the effect of breed, farm system and mixing conditions on serum biomarkers (cortisol, lactate, glucose, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein) and their relationship with pHu at slaughter time, and to evaluate the response of the serum biomarkers of calves throughout fattening period. Moreover, this study aims to evaluate the response of the biomarkers in each breed during the fattening period. At slaughter time, cortisol and lactate were affected by BreedxFarm; Retinta showed the opposite pattern to the others and revealed the highest glucose in extensive farm systems. Rubia Gallega in mixing revealed the highest Amyloid A and haptoglobin. Extensive calves in mixing conditions showed the highest glucose. There was a relationship among the variables cortisol, lactate, Amyloid A, and pHu. Slaughter time was a major stressor, and the stress response was mainly affected by breed. At slaughter, several biomarkers should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Torres
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - María Cabeza de Vaca
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - David Tejerina
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - María Pilar Romero-Fernández
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Av. de Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel Sentandreu
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mamen Oliván
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra AS-267 PK19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Imlan JC, Kaka U, Goh YM, Idrus Z, Awad EA, Abubakar AA, Ahmad T, Quaza Nizamuddin HN, Sazili AQ. Effects of Slaughter Positions on Catecholamine, Blood Biochemical and Electroencephalogram Changes in Cattle Restrained Using a Modified Mark IV Box. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071979. [PMID: 34359106 PMCID: PMC8300247 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper slaughter positioning of animals is among the most crucial factors in animal welfare. The lateral position in Halal slaughter is a technique used around the world by Muslims, with a few practicing the upright position. The literature on the effects of slaughter in upright versus lateral positions on pain and stress is scarce. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of slaughter positions on blood biochemical parameters, plasma catecholamines, and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. Twenty Brahman crossbred steers were subjected to slaughter in either lateral recumbency (LP) (n = 10) or an upright position (UP) (n = 10). There was a significant increase in adrenaline (p < 0.0001) and noradrenaline (p < 0.05) at T2 compared to T1 in the animals of both groups. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed in the median frequency (MF) and total power (Ptot) of EEG, parameters for pain and stress, between the animals slaughtered in the upright and the lateral position. However, MF and delta waves were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after slaughter in the UP group than in the LP group. The results demonstrate a lesser amount of stress and pain responses among the LP group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurhamid Columbres Imlan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Southern Mindanao, Cotabato 9407, Philippines
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Preclinical Department, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Abubakar Abubakar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Tanbir Ahmad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- ICAR—Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India
| | | | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-97694870
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Colditz IG. Adrenergic Tone as an Intermediary in the Temperament Syndrome Associated With Flight Speed in Beef Cattle. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.652306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The temperament of farm animals can influence their resilience to everyday variations within the managed production environment and has been under strong direct and indirect selection during the course of domestication. A prominent objective measure used for assessing temperament in beef cattle is the behavioral flight response to release from confinement in a crush or chute. This behavioral measure, termed flight speed (also known as escape velocity) is associated with physiological processes including body temperature, feeding behavior, growth rate, carcass composition, immune function, and health outcomes. This review examines the functional links between this suite of traits and adrenergic activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenomedullary hormonal system. It is suggested that flight speed is the behavioral aspect of an underlying “flightiness” temperament syndrome, and that elevated adrenergic tone in animals with a high level of flightiness (i.e., flighty animals) tunes physiological activities toward a sustained “fight or flight” defense profile that reduces productivity and the capacity to flourish within the production environment. Nonetheless, despite a common influence of adrenergic tone on this suite of traits, variation in each trait is also influenced by other regulatory pathways and by the capacity of tissues to respond to a range of modulators in addition to adrenergic stimuli. It is suggested that tuning by adrenergic tone is an example of homeorhetic regulation that can help account for the persistent expression of behavioral and somatic traits associated with the flight speed temperament syndrome across the life of the animal. At a population level, temperament may modulate ecological fit within and across generations in the face of environmental variability and change. Associations of flight speed with the psychological affective state of the animal, and implications for welfare are also considered. The review will help advance understanding of the developmental biology and physiological regulation of temperament syndromes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Does coping style affect behavioral responses and growth performance of lambs weaned at different ages? J Vet Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Steel CC, Lees AM, Bowler D, Gonzalez-Rivas PA, Tarr G, Warner RD, Dunshea FR, Cowley FC, McGilchrist P. Abattoir Factors Influencing the Incidence of Dark Cutting in Australian Grain-Fed Beef. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020474. [PMID: 33579035 PMCID: PMC7916791 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study was conducted to generate a greater understanding of the abattoir factors that influence the incidence of dark cutting in Australian grain-fed beef. Elucidation of the factors that are associated with an increased risk of dark cutting will allow for the development of effective management strategies to be implemented to reduce dark cutting in feedlot cattle. This will increase profitability across the supply chain for both producers and abattoirs, whom need to collaborate for the minimization of dark cutting. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carcass traits, lairage time and weather conditions during lairage and abattoir factors that impact the incidence of dark cutting in 142,228 grain-fed carcasses, as defined by Meat Standards Australia (MSA) guidelines. This study was conducted over a 12-month period analysing data from cattle that were supplied from seven feedlots and processed at three abattoirs. Abattoir data indicated that the average incidence of dark cutting within the study was 2.8%. Increased wind speeds (WSs) and rain during lairage at the abattoir was associated with an increased risk of dark cutting, whereas variation in ambient temperature and/or relative humidity did not influence dark cutting. Heavier carcasses with whiter fat, larger hump heights, more rib fat, higher marble scores and lower ossification had lower incidences of dark cutting. The factors abattoir, time in lairage, time to grading and grader within Abattoir had significant effects on the incidence of dark cutting. The results from this study suggest that reducing the time in lairage and increasing the time between slaughter and grading are the two major ways to reduce dark cutting in MSA carcasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C. Steel
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; (A.M.L.); (F.C.C.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela. M. Lees
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; (A.M.L.); (F.C.C.); (P.M.)
| | - D. Bowler
- Animal Health Data, 177 Bennetts Road, Norman Park, QLD 4170, Australia;
| | - P. A. Gonzalez-Rivas
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (P.A.G.-R.); (R.D.W.); (F.R.D.)
| | - G. Tarr
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - R. D. Warner
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (P.A.G.-R.); (R.D.W.); (F.R.D.)
| | - F. R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (P.A.G.-R.); (R.D.W.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Frances C. Cowley
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; (A.M.L.); (F.C.C.); (P.M.)
| | - P. McGilchrist
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; (A.M.L.); (F.C.C.); (P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cuthbertson H, Tarr G, Loudon K, Lomax S, White P, McGreevy P, Polkinghorne R, González LA. Using infrared thermography on farm of origin to predict meat quality and physiological response in cattle (Bos Taurus) exposed to transport and marketing. Meat Sci 2020; 169:108173. [PMID: 32590276 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is used as an indicator of animals' response to external stimuli and thus it could potentially be used as an indicator or poor animal welfare and meat quality. Remote monitoring of temperature can be achieved using infrared thermography (IRT) at the farm of origin before animals are sent to slaughter. Relationships between temperatures of cattle measured using IRT on-farm and potential indicators of stress and meat quality were investigated in 481 cattle in 2 experiments, one with sea transport and another with land transport. On-farm measurements included IRT and behavioural assessment of temperament along with measurement of physiological indicators of stress and carcass traits post-mortem. Significant correlations were found between IRT and meat pH, meat colour, creatine kinase, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, magnesium, and temperament (P < .05). That said, these correlations did not persist across both experiments. Current findings suggest that on-farm IRT could have the potential to assist with the detection of compromised animal welfare and predict meat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Cuthbertson
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | - Garth Tarr
- The University of Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kate Loudon
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, WA 6150. Australia
| | - Sabrina Lomax
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Peter White
- The University of Sydney, School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul McGreevy
- The University of Sydney, School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Luciano A González
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Q, Zhang F, Qu K, Hanif Q, Shen J, Jia P, Ning Q, Zhan J, Zhang J, Chen N, Chen H, Huang B, Lei C. Genome-wide association study identifies genomic loci associated with flight reaction in cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2019; 137:477-485. [PMID: 31828846 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lower flight reaction is closely related to higher production in cattle, but the genetic basis of lower flight reaction is not clearly understood. Here, we sampled a total of 45 Brahman cattles and 166 Yunling cattles with flight distance (FD), and 73 Brahman cattles and 288 Yunling cattles with crush score (CS) and flight speed (FS), whereas there were 45 Brahman cattles and 161 Yunling cattles with all three traits. The FD, CS and FS in Brahman cattle were significantly lower than those in Yunling cattle. The flight reaction traits had negative correlation with conformational traits (e.g., body weight, withers height and body length). Based on SNPs derived from a subset of 162 whole genomes (25 Brahman genomes and 100 Yunling genomes with FD, 30 Brahman and 131 Yunling genomes with CS and FS), genome-wide association study with mixed linear model was performed to test potential associations between flight reaction traits and genomic variants. We identified five, two and two genomic loci suggestively associated with FD, CS and FS, respectively. Five out of five candidate genes for FD (LOC789753, LRP6, CTIF, SLC9A9 and ZEB1) were reported to be related to Alzheimer's disease representing cognitive impairment in human, which was consistent with the finding that cognitive-behavioural intervention decreased the FD of cows to human. In CS, a very strong association locus was assigned to CDH8, a cadherin involved in synaptic adhesion, axon outgrowth and guidance, whose deletion was associated with autism spectrum disorder. In FS, a very strong association locus was assigned to GABRG2, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain) receptor, whose polymorphisms were associated with suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia patients. Our findings will provide targets for molecular-marker selection and genetic manipulation of cattle improvement to meeting the growing demand for lower flight reaction to human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Quratulain Hanif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jiafei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qingqing Ning
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingxi Zhan
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Williams AF, Boles JA, Herrygers MR, Berardinelli JG, Meyers MC, Thomson JM. Blood lactate and rectal temperature can predict exit velocity of beef feedlot steers. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:1530-1542. [PMID: 32704916 PMCID: PMC7200567 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in beef cattle temperament has increased due to growing consumer awareness of animal welfare and increased concern for handler safety. Temperament measures are based on behavioral responses to a perceived stressor. Subjective chute scoring has been used to give a numeric value to temperament; however, the subjectivity and variability among observers have been questioned. To deal with the perceived subjectivity and variability, other researchers have used exit velocity. Researchers have related faster exit velocities to increased cortisol and plasma lactate. The objectives of this study were to compare temperament between feedlot steers and heifers and to confirm chute side measures of temperament relationship to physiological responses to stress. Body temperature, blood and plasma lactate, serum glucose, salivary and serum cortisol concentrations were measured on Bos taurus commercial crossbred feedlot cattle (n = 197). Fast, medium, and slow classifications were developed from exit velocities. Plasma lactate was significantly different between all exit velocity classes. Exit velocity and physiological measures indicated that heifers were more excitable (faster exit velocities (P = 0.003), higher plasma lactate concentrations (P = 0.03), and cortisol concentrations (P = 0.001)). Simple correlations among these variables indicated body temperature (heifers r = 0.44, P < 0.0001; steers r = 0.45, P < .0001), plasma lactate (heifers r = 0.52, P < 0.0001; steers r = 0.63, P < 0.0001), blood lactate (heifers r = 0.53, P < 0.001; steers r = 0.59, P < 0.001), and glucose (heifers r = 0.54, P < 0.001; steers r = 0.32, P <0.003) were all related to exit velocity. Cortisol measures were not correlated to exit velocity in steers but were in heifers. Linear models constructed and evaluated using the Akaike information criterion indicated that blood lactate in combination with rectal temperature were strong candidates to predict exit velocity. Using the discriminate function analysis, the model correctly categorized fast and slow classifications 69.23% and 61.54%, respectively, indicating that in combination measures of body temperature and blood lactate can potentially increase accuracy of temperament identification or replace exit velocity as a measure of temperament. The plasma lactate and rectal temperature have the potential to become strong objective measures to augment or replace exit velocity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Jorquera-Chavez M, Fuentes S, Dunshea FR, Jongman EC, Warner RD. Computer vision and remote sensing to assess physiological responses of cattle to pre-slaughter stress, and its impact on beef quality: A review. Meat Sci 2019; 156:11-22. [PMID: 31121361 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pre-slaughter stress is well-known to affect meat quality of beef carcasses and methods have been developed to assess this stress. However, development of more practical and less invasive methods are required in order to assess the response of cattle to pre-slaughter stressors, which will potentially also assist with the prediction of beef quality. This review outlines the importance of pre-slaughter stress as well as existing and emerging technologies for quantification of the pre-slaughter stress. The review includes; i) indicators of meat quality and how they are affected by pre-slaughter stress in cattle, ii) contact techniques that have been commonly used to measure stress indicators in animals, iii) remotely sensed imagery techniques recently used as non-invasive methods to monitor physiological and behavioural parameters and iv) potential implementation of remotely sensed imagery data to perform contactless assessment of physiological measurements, which could be related to the pre-slaughter stress, as well as to the indicators of beef quality. Relevance to industry, conclusions and recommendations for research are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jorquera-Chavez
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ellen C Jongman
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn D Warner
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Della Rosa MM, Pavan E, Maresca S, Spetter M, Ramiro F. Performance, carcass and meat quality traits of grazing cattle with different exit velocity. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of grazing cattle temperament on performance, as well as carcass and meat quality traits, exit velocity (EV) was assessed throughout two production cycles (PC1, n = 38 and PC2, n = 52). Individual EV determinations were assessed throughout each PC and then 100-days period averages were calculated for each animal. Animals were ranked based on their EV (EV-RANK) in the first 100-days period as SLOW, FAST and MEDIUM. The EV decreased from weaning to slaughter in FAST and MEDIUM (P < 0.05); but did not change in SLOW (P > 0.10). Initial liveweight was lowest in FAST and highest in MEDIUM (P = 0.03). DM intake (P = 0.08) and average daily gain (P = 0.94) were not affected by EV-RANK, but carcass subcutaneous fat thickness was lowest in FAST and highest in MEDIUM (P = 0.02). Longissimus muscle colour and shear-force were not affected by EV-RANK (P > 0.05), but muscle glycogen content at slaughter was higher in MEDIUM than in SLOW or FAST (P = 0.047). No EV-RANK effects were observed in the present study on meat colour and shear-force. However, its effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and muscle glycogen could result in low meat quality of temperamental cattle under more stressful handling situations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang P, Badoni M, Gänzle M, Yang X. Growth of Carnobacterium spp. isolated from chilled vacuum-packaged meat under relevant acidic conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 286:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
19
|
Hagenmaier JA, Reinhardt CD, Bartle SJ, Henningson JN, Ritter MJ, Calvo-Lorenzo MS, Vogel GJ, Guthrie CA, Siemens MG, Thomson DU. Effect of handling intensity at the time of transport for slaughter on physiological response and carcass characteristics in beef cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:1963-1976. [PMID: 28727025 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of handling intensity on the physiological response and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride were evaluated at the time of transport to slaughter. Eighty steers (BW = 668 ± 36 kg) representing 10 lots of similar breed, frame size, and degree of finish were blocked by lot, stratified by weight, and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 handling intensities (HI) over a 1,600 m dirt alley course: 1) low-stress handling (LSH) or 2) high-stress handling (HSH). For the LSH treatment, 4 penmates were kept at a walk with the use of a lead rider. For the HSH treatment, 4 penmates were kept at a minimum of a trot and received 2 applications of an electric prod (approximately 1 s per impulse) at 2 separate instances: first in the alley before post-handling sampling, and again during loading for transportation to the abattoir. Behavioral observations and physical indicators of stress were recorded a minimum of 1 h before handling (baseline), immediately after handling (POSTHAND), and while in lairage after a 200 km transport to the abattoir. Vital parameters were recorded at baseline and POSTHAND. Venous blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture at baseline and POSTHAND, and mixed arterial and venous blood samples were collected during exsanguination at slaughter. Muscle tremors tended to be more prevalent in HSH cattle at POSTHAND ( = 0.10). The HSH cattle tended to have greater POSTHAND heart rate ( = 0.08); however, there was no effect of HI on POSTHAND respiration rate or rectal temperature ( 0.34). The HSH cattle had greater lactate, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and glucose concentrations at POSTHAND ( ≤ 0.02). Additionally, HSH cattle had lower POSTHAND blood pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and partial pressure carbon dioxide ( < 0.0001). Bicarbonate concentrations were greater in HSH cattle at slaughter ( = 0.05); however, there were no differences between HI treatments for the remaining blood variables ( 0.11). Concentrations of stress hormones and CK were significantly greater at slaughter relative to baseline and POSTHAND for both LSH and HSH cattle ( < 0.001). These findings suggest cattle trotted without a lead rider develop metabolic acidosis, and illustrate the importance of low-stress handling at the time of transport for slaughter. Further research is warranted to develop strategies to mitigate stress at the time of transport and ensure the welfare of beef cattle presented to abattoirs.
Collapse
|
20
|
Carvalho RMS, Boari CA, Villela SDJ, Pires AV, Mourthé MHF, Oliveira FR, Dumont MA, Gontijo RP, Lobo-Jr AR, Martins PGMA. Differences between sexes, muscles and aging times on the quality of meat from Wagyu × Angus cattle finished in feedlot. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to assess quality parameters and chemical composition, and to evaluate the effects of sex, muscle and aging time on the quality of meats from Wagyu × Angus cross cattle reared under tropical conditions. Analyses were performed on the longissimus thoracis, semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles obtained from chilled carcasses of a total of 30, 24-month-old, male (immunocastrated) and female animals (15 each sex). An effect of sex (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for subcutaneous fat thickness, marbling score, and ribeye area. The longissimus thoracis muscle from males was less (P < 0.0001) marbled than that from females, but males had greater subcutaneous fat thickness (P = 0.0001) and greater ribeye area (P = 0.0411) compared with females. No effect of sex (P ≥ 0.05) was observed for fat colour measures. An interaction effect of sex and muscle (P < 0.03) was detected for cooking loss, yellow intensity (b*), ash, and fat. Main effect of sex was not observed (P > 0.07) only for the ultimate pH and water-holding capacity. Greater shear force and moisture values were observed (P < 0.01) in meat from males than that from females, but a greater value of luminance (L*), red intensity (a*), chroma (C), hue (Ho), dry matter and protein was observed (P < 0.001) in meat from females than that from males. Main effect of muscle was not observed only for water-holding capacity (P = 0.13). Ultimate pH and shear force values were lesser (P < 0.001) in the longissimus thoracis muscle compared with other muscles. The triceps brachii muscle had the least (P ≤ 0.001) L* and Ho values among muscles, whereas the semitendinosus muscle had the greatest values of a* and C (P < 0.001). The semitendinosus muscle presented the greatest (P < 0.01) protein content compared with other muscles, although not differing in moisture and dry matter content from the triceps brachii muscle. An interaction effect of sex × aging time was observed for ultimate pH (P = 0.0110), meat colour parameters (except for Ho; P ≤ 0.01), and fat L* (P = 0.0025). Greater cooking loss, shear force, and fat a* values were observed (P < 0.01) in meat from males than that from females, but greater values of meat Ho, fat a* and Ho, dry matter, and protein were observed (P ≤ 0.03) in meat from females than that from males. Meat aging of longissimus thoracis reduced shear force. Based on these findings, we recommend that meat from Wagyu × Angus cross cattle should be aged during 7 days because, although differences between 7 and 14 days were observed in either aging times, meat subjected to this process is considered as very tender, based on shear force values. In addition, aging in a shorter period of time can reflect on costs by reducing particularly those related with energy, due to less refrigeration time.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ponnampalam EN, Hopkins DL, Bruce H, Li D, Baldi G, Bekhit AED. Causes and Contributing Factors to “Dark Cutting” Meat: Current Trends and Future Directions: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:400-430. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Agriculture Research; Agriculture Victoria (DEDJTR); Attwood Victoria Australia
| | | | - Heather Bruce
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton Canada
| | - Duo Li
- Inst. of Nutrition & Health; Qingdao Univ.; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Gianluca Baldi
- Agriculture Research; Agriculture Victoria (DEDJTR); Attwood Victoria Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Onopiuk A, Półtorak A, Wierzbicka A. Influence of post-mortem muscle glycogen content on the quality of beef during aging. J Vet Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2016-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Glycolic changes which occur post-mortem have an impact on the physical and sensory features of beef, which in turn determine the successive processes and influence such beef quality traits as colour, tenderness, and cooling loss. The aim of this study was evaluation of the post-mortem changes in bovine meat during aging, quantitative analysis of glycogen and lactic acid, as well as examination of their impact on technological and sensory quality of selected muscles from Holstein-Friesian × Limousin breed carcasses.
Material and Methods: The study included three muscles of different metabolic qualities and sarcomere length: m. semitendinosus, m. longissimus dorsi, and m. psoas major, collected from nine bull carcasses aged 24 ±2 months.
Results: Significant correlations were found between the volume of cooling loss on individual days of aging and the pH value of muscle tissue, lactic acid and glycogen content, as well as beef lightness. However, no significant dependency between the volume of glycogen and the intensity of red and yellow colours was detected.
Conclusion: The colorimetric analysis of glycogen and lactic acid can be an effective tool in predicting the quality of beef.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onopiuk
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Półtorak
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Erasmus MA, Lee HC, Kang I, Swanson JC. Fear responses and postmortem muscle characteristics of turkeys of two genetic lines. Poult Sci 2015. [PMID: 26195807 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial turkey production has increased greatly in recent decades. Along with increased production, problems with turkey meat quality have also increased. Research with other species has demonstrated that differences in meat quality exist among pigs and cattle differing in characteristics such as fearfulness. However, associations between fear responses and postmortem (PM) muscle characteristics related to the meat quality of turkeys have not been examined. This study evaluated the test-retest repeatability of responses of male commercial (COMM) and randombred (RB) turkeys in an open field (OF) test, which is used to assess fear and activity levels of poultry. Another objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between behavioral OF responses and PM breast muscle characteristics (pH and R-value) that are related to meat quality. Thirdly, this study evaluated differences in pH and R-value between the turkey lines. Male COMM and RB turkeys were each housed in groups in 4 pens. Turkeys were individually tested in an OF (2.74×2.74 m, divided into 81 squares) at 1, 4, and 11 wk (COMM N=27; RB N=33). Turkeys were then grouped into clusters based on a cluster analysis of OF behavior. Turkeys were processed and meat quality characteristics were evaluated at 15-17 wk for COMM and 20-21 wk for RB turkeys. Results were analyzed using a mixed model (SAS 9.4). Breast muscle pH and R-value did not differ between genetic lines, and there were no differences in pH and R-value among clusters within genetic lines. These findings suggest that OF responses measured during rearing are not related to PM breast muscle pH and R-value, which ultimately affect meat quality. Further research is needed to assess whether other types of fear responses are associated with meat quality and whether differences in R-value between genetic lines are associated with differences in other meat quality characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Erasmus
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - H C Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - I Kang
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - J C Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Temperament type specific metabolite profiles of the prefrontal cortex and serum in cattle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125044. [PMID: 25927228 PMCID: PMC4416037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade the number of studies investigating temperament in farm animals has increased greatly because temperament has been shown not only to affect handling but also reproduction, health and economically important production traits. However, molecular pathways underlying temperament and molecular pathways linking temperament to production traits, health and reproduction have yet to be studied in full detail. Here we report the results of metabolite profiling of the prefrontal cortex and serum of cattle with distinct temperament types that were performed to further explore their molecular divergence in the response to the slaughter procedure and to identify new targets for further research of cattle temperament. By performing an untargeted comprehensive metabolite profiling, 627 and 1097 metabolite features comprising 235 and 328 metabolites could be detected in the prefrontal cortex and serum, respectively. In total, 54 prefrontal cortex and 51 serum metabolite features were indicated to have a high relevance in the classification of temperament types by a sparse partial least square discriminant analysis. A clear discrimination between fearful/neophobic-alert, interested-stressed, subdued/uninterested-calm and outgoing/neophilic-alert temperament types could be observed based on the abundance of the identified relevant prefrontal cortex and serum metabolites. Metabolites with high relevance in the classification of temperament types revealed that the main differences between temperament types in the response to the slaughter procedure were related to the abundance of glycerophospholipids, fatty acyls and sterol lipids. Differences in the abundance of metabolites related to C21 steroid metabolism and oxidative stress indicated that the differences in the metabolite profiles of the four extreme temperament types could be the result of a temperament type specific regulation of molecular pathways that are known to be involved in the stress and fear response.
Collapse
|