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Hong X, Zhang Y, Ni H, Xiao Q, Yin Y, Ren J, Zhao P, Zhang Z, Li X, Li Y, Yang Y. Optimization of Fermented Maize Stover for the Fattening Phase of Geese: Effect on Production Performance and Gut Microflora. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:433. [PMID: 38338076 PMCID: PMC10854615 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To optimize the utilization of fermented maize stover (FMS) feed during the fattening phase of Xianghai flying geese (XFG), a total of 300 XFG at 125 days of age were randomly assigned to four dietary treatment groups with three replicates of 25 in each set. Group A was fed the basal fattening diet, while the B, C, and D groups were fed the basic fattening diet and diets supplemented with 5%, 10% or 15% FMS, respectively. The findings indicate that the production performance indicators (especially the dressed, eviscerated and breast muscle yield) of Group D closely resembled Group A more than Groups B and C. Intestinal morphometry found that the jejunal villus height and the villus height/crypt depth were significantly increased in Group D compared to Group A. Next, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the extracted DNA revealed that beneficial microbiota (Coprococcus and Victivallis) showed increased abundance in Group D. Cecal flora function analysis further revealed that some amino acid and glycerol biosynthesis were found to be associated with growth performance in geese. These findings suggest that incorporating 15% FMS as a substitute for a portion of the feed during the fattening phase of XFG can effectively sustain their production performance, optimize the gut microbial community and morphometrical traits, provide new insight into using non-conventional feed resources to reduce feed cost and improve economic benefits in the breeding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hong
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hongyu Ni
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qingxing Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yijing Yin
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Puze Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Center of Animal Experiment, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Yumei Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yuwei Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (J.R.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Deng L, Hao S, Zou W, Wei P, Sun W, Wu H, Lu W, He Y. Effects of Supplementing Growing-Finishing Crossbred Pigs with Glycerin, Vitamin C and Niacinamide on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3635. [PMID: 38066986 PMCID: PMC10705760 DOI: 10.3390/ani13233635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of supplementing the diet of growing-finishing pigs with glycerin and/or a mixture of vitamin C and niacinamide on carcass traits and pork quality. Eighty-four weaned piglets with an initial average body weight of 20.35 ± 2.14 kg were assigned, at random, to four groups for a 103-day feeding experiment: control; glycerin-supplemented group; vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group; and glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group. At the end of the experiment, three pigs/group were randomly selected and slaughtered, and samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that supplementing crossbred pigs with glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide simultaneously increased the redness (a*) value (p < 0.05), glycerol content (p < 0.01) and myristoleic acid content (p < 0.01) in the longissimus dorsi and tended to increase the level of flavor amino acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid, as well as the percentage and density of type I myofibers in the longissimus dorsi and the semimembranosus muscle. Glycerin had an influence (p < 0.01) on the erucic acid content in the longissimus dorsi and the semimembranosus muscle, and vitamin C and niacinamide had an interaction effect (p < 0.05) on the redness (a*) value of the longissimus dorsi. Glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide supplementation in the diet of crossbred pigs improved the color, flavor and nutritional value of pork, which contributed to an increased intent to purchase this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglan Deng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shaobin Hao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wanjie Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Panting Wei
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenchen Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huadong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuyong He
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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3
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Bezerra HFC, Santos EM, Carvalho GGP, Oliveira JS, Moura Zanine A, Pinho RMA, Araújo MLGML, Perazzo AF, Ferreira DDJ. Effect of crude glycerin levels on meat quality and carcass characteristics of crossbred Boer goats. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2312-2317. [PMID: 35844907 PMCID: PMC9281930 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of four levels of crude glycerin (0, 50, 100, and 150 g/kg dry matter (DM) basis) in the diet of Boer crossbred goat kids on the qualitative and quantitative carcass characteristics as well as meat quality. Thirty‐two crossbred, castrated Boer x undefined breed goat kids with an initial average weight of 17.8 ± 2.2 kg between 3 and 4 months of age were distributed across a complete randomized experiment with four treatments and eight replicates. The DM intake linearly decreased (p < .05) as the crude glycerin inclusion level in the diet increased. Crude glycerin levels decreased (linear effect, p < .05) empty body weight, hot dressing percentage, and cold dressing percentage. Conformation and subcutaneous fat thickness were not affected (p > .05) by dietary crude glycerin. Crude glycerin levels decreased (linear effect, p = .03) rib eye area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, however, did not affect color, cooking loss, and shear force. The crude glycerin can be included up to 50 g/kg DM in the diet of crossbred Boer goats without negatively affecting carcass characteristics and meat quality. It can be recommended as an energy source in finishing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edson Mauro Santos
- Department of Animal Science Federal University of Paraíba Joao Pessoa Brazil
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Gomes RN, DE Paula TA, DE Carvalho FFR, Ferreira MA, Barreto LMG, Neves MLMW, DE Oliveira AB, Mendes GO, Cordeiro EHA, Véras ASC. Carcass characteristics and meat quality of goats fed increasing levels of crude glycerin. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20200083. [PMID: 35239770 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude glycerin is a byproduct of the biodiesel industry and has been widely used in ruminant diets as a source of energy, usually in place of corn, primarily during periods of drought in tropical regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of including levels of the crude glycerin of low purity (0, 6, 12 and 18%) replacing corn in the diets of goats on the carcass characteristics, tissue composition, meat cuts yield and physicochemical parameters of meat. Forty males castrated without defined racial pattern goats an initial average weight of 19.70 ± 2.30 kg were slaughtered after 86 days. Diets content 0 and 6% crude glycerin promoted similar responses to the analyzed variables, except for pH and breast weight. No differences were observed to total digestible nutrients, slaughter body weight, commercial cut yield leg tissue composition and physicochemical parameters of meat. Crude glycerin can be included up to 12% without losses on carcass weight and meat cuts, leg composition, and meat quality. The inclusion of crude glycerin containing 63.06% glycerol and 45.57% lipids could be effective in partial replacement of corn in diets for confined goats in tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane N Gomes
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Talita A DE Paula
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Francisco F R DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ligia M G Barreto
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Núcleo de Graduação em Zootecnia, Rodovia Engenheiro Jorge Neto, Km 3, Nossa Senhora da Glória, 49680-000 Silos, SE, Brazil
| | - Maria Luciana M W Neves
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana B DE Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Giorgio O Mendes
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H A Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Antonia S C Véras
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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de Sousa SV, Diogenes LV, Oliveira RL, Souza MNS, Mazza PHS, da Silva Júnior JM, Pereira ES, Parente MOM, Araújo MJ, de Oliveira JPF, Bezerra LR. Effect of dietary buriti oil on the quality, fatty acid profile and sensorial attributes of lamb meat. Meat Sci 2022; 186:108734. [PMID: 35033833 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Forty crossbred (Santa Ines × Dorper) male lambs were used to investigate the effect of dietary buriti oil (BOIL) intake on meat quality, fatty acid (FA) composition and sensory attributes. A completely randomized design with five BOIL intake levels (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 g/kg DM) was used. Increasing dietary BOIL intake linearly reduced the DMI, slaughter weight, cooking loss, shear force, yellowness, 16:0, c9-18:1 FA concentrations, and the delta-9-desaturase activity index computed using c9-16:1 and 16:0 as product and substrate pair, cis-MUFA and ƩMUFA/ƩSFA ratio of lamb meat (P ≤ 0.05); however, increasing dietary BOIL intake quadratically increased the energy intake, lipid content and linearly increased the total FA intake, chroma, collagen, total BI, 18:0, 20:3n-6 concentration and sensory attributes of lamb meat (P ≤ 0.05), without affecting health indexes regarding fat consumption. BOIL addition at levels above 24 g/kg DM in lamb diet reduces growth, however, improves tenderness, flavor and "goat" aroma intensity and slightly changes meat FA levels, promoting better acceptance by panelists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V de Sousa
- Federal University of Piaui, Department of Animal Science, 64049550 Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - L V Diogenes
- Center of Health and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Avenida Universitária, s/n - Jatobá, Patos - PB, 58708110 Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - R L Oliveira
- Federal University of Bahia, Department of Animal Science, 40170110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M N S Souza
- Federal University of Bahia, Department of Animal Science, 40170110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - P H S Mazza
- Federal University of Bahia, Department of Animal Science, 40170110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J M da Silva Júnior
- Federal University of Bahia, Department of Animal Science, 40170110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - E S Pereira
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza City, Ceará State, Brazil
| | - M O M Parente
- Center of Environment and Agriculture Science, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha 65500000, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - M J Araújo
- Federal University of Piaui, Department of Animal Science, 64049550 Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - J P F de Oliveira
- Center of Health and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Avenida Universitária, s/n - Jatobá, Patos - PB, 58708110 Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - L R Bezerra
- Center of Health and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Avenida Universitária, s/n - Jatobá, Patos - PB, 58708110 Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Pasciu V, Sotgiu FD, Porcu C, Berlinguer F. Effect of Media with Different Glycerol Concentrations on Sheep Red Blood Cells' Viability In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1592. [PMID: 34071487 PMCID: PMC8228453 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high doses of glycerol as a livestock feed supplement is followed by a rapid increase in plasma concentrations and consequently in plasma osmolality. Moreover, glycerol is a highly diffusible molecule that can readily permeate the red blood cell (RBC) membrane following a concentration gradient. A rise in glycerol plasma concentrations can thus alter RBC homeostasis. The present study aimed at investigating both glycerol osmotic effects on sheep RBCs and their oxidative response under in vitro conditions. Sheep blood samples were suspended in media supplemented with increasing glycerol concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 mg/dL), which reflected those found in vivo in previous studies, and incubated at 37 °C for 4h. Thereafter, osmolality and hemolysis were determined in spent media, while cell extracts were used to assay intracellular concentration of glycerol, ATP, Ca2+ ions, oxidative stress markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS).The study confirmed that glycerol intracellular concentrations are directly related with its concentration in the incubation media, as well as hemolysis (p < 0.001) which increased significantly at glycerol concentrations higher form 200 mg/dL. ROS intracellular level increased at all glycerol concentration tested (p < 0.01) and total thiols decreased at the highest concentrations. However, RBCs proved to be able to cope by activating their antioxidant defense system. Superoxide dismutase activity indeed increased at the highest glycerol concentrations (p < 0.001), while total antioxidant capacity and malonyldialdehyde, a typical product of lipid peroxidation by ROS, did not show significant changes. Moreover, no alterations in intracellular Ca2+ ions and ATP concentrations were found. In conclusion, glycerol-induced hemolysis can be related to the induced osmotic stress. In sheep, nutritional treatments should be designed to avoid reaching glycerol circulating concentrations higher than 200 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.P.); (F.B.)
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Almeida VVS, Oliveira AC, Silva RR, Ribeiro JS, Oliveira HC, Santos LS, Lima DM. Crude glycerin in the supplementation of crossbred heifers in tropical pastures. Animal 2021; 15:100088. [PMID: 33712207 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude glycerin (CG) is a biodiesel byproduct that has been tested as an alternative feed additive for use in beef production. After being absorbed, it is used in the liver to produce glucose, an important precursor of intramuscular fat in ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CG (439 g/kg glycerol) on the performance and meat quality of crossbred heifers finished in Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Thirty-six heifers with an initial BW of 301.5 ± 23.02 kg were used. They were supplemented for 154 days with the following levels of CG: mineral mixture (without CG), 33.3, 66.6 and 99.9 g/kg CG in the DM of the supplement. Supplement or pasture DM intakes, slaughter BW and carcass traits were not influenced (P > 0.05) by increasing levels of CG. The total fat content of the meat, the vaccenic (18:1 n-7t) and conjugated linoleic acid (18:2 c9-t11) increased with the addition of CG in the diet (P < 0.05). Crude glycerin can be included up to 99.9 g/kg of the total diet without changing the performance of crossbred heifers finished in the tropical pasture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V S Almeida
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil
| | - A C Oliveira
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil
| | - R R Silva
- Southwest Bahia State University, Primavera, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - J S Ribeiro
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil
| | - H C Oliveira
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil
| | - L S Santos
- Southwest Bahia State University, Primavera, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - D M Lima
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Manoel Severino Barbosa Street, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, Alagoas 57309-005, Brazil.
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Rakita S, Banjac V, Djuragic O, Cheli F, Pinotti L. Soybean Molasses in Animal Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020514. [PMID: 33669291 PMCID: PMC7920053 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Soybean molasses is a by-product of the soybean processing industry that is accumulated in large quantities and usually disposed of like liquid manure or in landfills, thus causing severe ecological problems. At the same time, soybean molasses has a promising potential to be included regularly in animal diets because of its high nutritive value and functional properties. It is rich in sugars and is a cheap energy source for animals compared to other energy-rich feed ingredients. This paper reviews current knowledge on the valorization of soybean molasses as an alternative feed ingredient focusing on its composition and application in animal nutrition in general. Abstract Concerning the increasing global demand for food and accumulation of huge amounts of biomass waste from the agro-food industry whose manipulation is usually inadequate, the potential of livestock to convert by-products as alternative feed ingredients into valuable proteins has been proposed as an outstanding option. Soybean molasses present a by-product of soybean protein concentrate production with low commercial cost but high nutritive and functional value. It is a rich source of soluble carbohydrates in the form of sugars and soybean phytochemicals. Therefore, this paper provides a review of published works about the production of soybean molasses, chemical composition, and nutritive value. In addition, the possibility of the application of soybean molasses in animal nutrition as a pelleting aid and functional feed ingredient is also discussed. Special attention is devoted to the influence of the inclusion of soybean molasses in the diets for ruminants, non-ruminants, and aquaculture on animal performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sladjana Rakita
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.B.); (O.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-21-485-3808
| | - Vojislav Banjac
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.B.); (O.D.)
| | - Olivera Djuragic
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.B.); (O.D.)
| | - Federica Cheli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, VESPA, University of Milan, 20134 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (L.P.)
- CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), University of Milan, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, VESPA, University of Milan, 20134 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (L.P.)
- CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), University of Milan, 20134 Milan, Italy
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9
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Brant LMS, de Carvalho GGP, Júnior JEF, Pereira FM, Pina DS, Santos SA, Silva SNS, Alba HDR, Cirne LGA, Araujo MLGML, Leite LC. Feeding behavior of feedlot lambs fed diets with different energy and protein sources. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:158. [PMID: 33566190 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the replacement of ground corn by crude glycerin and soybean meal by cottonseed cake, in association or not, on feedlot lambs' feeding behavior. Thirty-two non-castrated crossbred ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês lambs, with an average body weight of 18.52 ± 3.24 kg (mean ± standard deviation), were distributed in a completely randomized design, into four treatments and eight replicates per treatment, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme. Four experimental diets were tested with different sources or combinations of energy and protein ingredients in the concentrate, respectively: (1) ground corn + soybean meal; (2) ground corn and cottonseed cake; (3) crude glycerin and soybean meal; and (4) crude glycerin and cottonseed cake. The glycerin decreased dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.001) intakes, whereas it increased times spent in feeding (P = 0.009; from 21.8 to 28.6), rumination (P = 0.006; from 56.2 to 67.2), and chewing (P < 0.001; from 79.4 to 97.2), in minutes/100 g of DM. Feeding efficiencies of DM (P = 0.003) and NDF (P = 0.008) were decreased by the diets. Protein sources increased (P = 0.018) the times spent in chewing and per period in rumination (P = 0.014). Cottonseed cake, as a protein source, up to a 112 g/kg DM level, can totally replace soybean meal in diets for feedlot lambs without effects on the intake, behavioral activities, and feeding efficiencies. In contrast, the crude glycerin energy source is not adequate to replace ground corn in lambs' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G G P de Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J E Freitas Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - F M Pereira
- Animal Science, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D S Pina
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S A Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S N S Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - H D R Alba
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - L G A Cirne
- Institute of Biodiversity and Forestry, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M L G M L Araujo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - L C Leite
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
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10
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Arruda MCG, Almeida MTC, Bertoco JPA, Pereira-Junior SAG, Castro-Filho ES, Feliciano AL, Rodrigues JL, Torres RNS, Costa RV, Grilo LMSFSS, Ezequiel JMB. Soybean molasses to replace corn for feedlot lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txaa230. [PMID: 33506182 PMCID: PMC7819467 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean molasses (SBM) is a byproduct of the manufacture of soy protein concentrate and has high energy value. This byproduct has a high potential for use in the nutrition of ruminant animals, mainly in the replacement of other energy feeds such as corn grain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of SBM to replace corn grain up to 30% dry matter (DM) in the total diet on growth performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of feedlot lambs (½ Santa Inês × ½ Dorper). Forty intact male lambs with an initial average body weight of 20.6 ± 2.5 kg and approximate age of 120 d were used. The animals were distributed in four treatments (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% SBM), divided into five randomized blocks according to the initial weight and adapted for 16 d, with diets containing increasing concentrations of concentrate and SBM. Feeding behavior was analyzed at the beginning, middle, and final of the finishing period, and when animals reached 42 d on the finishing diet they were slaughtered. Data were evaluated using SAS software (version 9.4), by polynomial orthogonal contrasts, where the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality values were analyzed as randomized blocks, and the feeding behavior data as randomized blocks with a repeated measure over time. Significant differences were detected for the contrast 0 vs. SBM treatments, which the inclusion of SBM caused an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in ash intake but decreased the ether extract intake. The intake of DM in % body weight was higher for SBM treatments than 0% treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Feeding behavior, ruminating while lying down and drinking water presented a decreasing linear effect (P ≤ 0.05), and for feeding, efficiency increased with the addition of SBM (P ≤ 0.05). Fatty acids C14:0, C17:0, C17:1, C18:2n6c, C20:2, and C20:3n6 showed lower values with the inclusion of SBM (P ≤ 0.05), while fatty acids C22:0 and C22:6n3 increased. The values of n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for SBM treatments. The values of total polyunsaturated fatty acids showed a decreasing linear effect (P ≤ 0.05) with the inclusion of SBM. The use of up to 30% SBM in DM did not impair animal growth performance and feeding behavior did not cause damages to carcass parameters and still made the meat healthier, improving the n-6/n-3 ratio, therefore can be used to feed finishing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Tulio C Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro A Bertoco
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andresa L Feliciano
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia L Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N S Torres
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayanne V Costa
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia M S F S S Grilo
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane M B Ezequiel
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Ribeiro RDX, Oliveira RL, de Carvalho GGP, Silva TM, Costa JB, da Silva Oliveira V, Freitas LS, Ribeiro CVDM, Bezerra LR. Dietary inclusion of purified crude glycerin improves bodyweight at slaughter and affects the fatty acid profile of lamb meat. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Ye Y, Eyres GT, Reis MG, Schreurs NM, Silcock P, Agnew MP, Johnson PL, Maclean P, Realini CE. Fatty Acid Composition and Volatile Profile of M. longissimus thoracis from Commercial Lambs Reared in Different Forage Systems. Foods 2020; 9:E1885. [PMID: 33348810 PMCID: PMC7765868 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal production factors can affect the fatty acid and volatile profile of lamb meat. The fatty acid and volatile composition of the M. longissimus thoracis was evaluated from 150 lambs from 10 groups of commercial lambs that differed in age, sex, diet and breed, from three farms, which represent typical forage lamb production systems in New Zealand. The meat from 4-month-old composite lambs slaughtered at weaning had a similar polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio compared to 6- to 8-month-old composite lambs, but a greater ratio than that of 12-month-old Merino lambs (p < 0.05), with all ratios being lower than the recommended ≥0.45. All lamb production systems produced meat with an omega-6 to omega-3 ratio below 1.5, well below the recommended ratio ≤ 4.0. Meat from 4-month-old lambs had higher C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 and lower C18:0, reflecting the composition of the milk diet, resulting in higher atherogenic index than meat from other animal groups, while meat from 12-month-old Merino lambs, with lower content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, showed higher thrombogenic index. Meat from lambs processed at weaning contained the greatest concentration of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, which would qualify as a 'source' or 'good source' of these target fatty acids based on the Commission of Regulation of the European Union or the Food Standards Australia New Zealand guidelines, respectively. Volatiles were extracted from the headspace of raw lean meat and 36 volatile compounds were identified. The abundance of carbon disulphide, isododecane, heptanal, 2,5-hexanediol and 3-octanone and pentanoic, octanoic, nonanoic and heptanoic acids was similar between all groups of lambs. Meat from 12-month-old Merino lambs had low abundance of acetic, propanoic, butanoic and hexanoic acids, and hexanal, octanal and dimethyl sulphide. For 6- to 8-month-old composite lambs, hexanal, octanal and nonanal were present at higher relative abundance in meat from lambs that grazed on chicory than perennial ryegrass. The significant differences in the fatty acid and volatile profiles in meat from 12-month-old Merino lambs compared with lambs slaughtered at weaning or further grazed on red clover, chicory or mixed pasture may result in distinctive nutritional value and lamb flavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Ye
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (Y.Y.); (M.G.R.); (M.P.A.); (P.M.)
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Graham T. Eyres
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (G.T.E.); (P.S.)
| | - Mariza G. Reis
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (Y.Y.); (M.G.R.); (M.P.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Nicola M. Schreurs
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Patrick Silcock
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (G.T.E.); (P.S.)
| | - Michael P. Agnew
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (Y.Y.); (M.G.R.); (M.P.A.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Paul Maclean
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (Y.Y.); (M.G.R.); (M.P.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Carolina E. Realini
- AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (Y.Y.); (M.G.R.); (M.P.A.); (P.M.)
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13
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Meat quality of lambs fed crude glycerin as a replacement for corn. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Rodrigues JL, Pereira-Junior SAG, Castro Filho ES, Costa RV, Barducci RS, van Cleef EHCB, Ezequiel JMB. Effects of elevated concentrations of soybean molasses on feedlot performance and meat quality of lambs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Porcu C, Sotgiu FD, Pasciu V, Cappai MG, Barbero-Fernández A, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Dattena M, Gallus M, Molle G, Berlinguer F. Administration of glycerol-based formulations in sheep results in similar ovulation rate to eCG but red blood cell indices may be affected. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:207. [PMID: 32571314 PMCID: PMC7310049 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic and osmotic effects of different doses of glycerol or a glycerol - propylene glycol mixture in Sarda sheep with the aim to identify those able to beneficially modify ewe's metabolic status without harmful changes in red blood cell (RBC) indices. Thereafter, the selected doses were tested for their effects on ewe's ovarian activity during an induced follicular phase and compared to the effects of a hormonal treatment with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). RESULTS Glycerol was administered alone (G groups: 90% glycerol and 10% water; % v/v) or in combination with propylene glycol (M groups: 70% glycerol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% water; % v/v). Treatments were formulated to provide 100, 75, 50 and 25% of the amount of energy supplied in previous experiments. Obtained results showed that the formulations G75 and M75 (22.5 and 18.2% on DM basis, respectively) induce metabolic changes comparable to those induced by M100. The latter dose has been already evaluated for its effects on sheep metabolism and reproductive performance. However, with these high doses, plasma osmolality increased significantly, and RBC indices showed significant alterations. The low dose groups (G25 and M25, 8.6 and 6.9% on DM basis, respectively) did not show any alterations in plasma osmolality and RBC indices, but the metabolic milieu differed markedly from that of M100. Between the medium dose groups, M50 (12.9% on DM basis) showed a more comparable milieu to M100 than G50 (15.9% on DM basis) and no RBC alterations. Therefore, M75, G75 and M50 doses were tested for their effect on ovarian functions and proved to be equally effective as eCG. CONCLUSION The results of the present study evidenced an alteration of RBC indices, and possibly of their functions, as a side effect of glycerol administration at high doses in the diet of ewes. Therefore, protocols foreseeing the administration of glycerol should be tested for their effects on RBC indices and functions. In general terms, the medium dose of the glucogenic mixture (12.9% of dietary DM on offer) should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Porcu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca D Sotgiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cappai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alicia Barbero-Fernández
- Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Campus de Villanueva de la Cañada, Avd. Universidad 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Dattena
- AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Fiammetta Berlinguer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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Valença RDL, Silva Sobrinho AGD, Romanzini EP, Andrade ND, Borghi TH, Zeola NMBL, Cirne LGA, Oliveira VDS. Peanut meal and crude glycerin in lamb diets: Meat quality and fatty acid profile. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Gomes RN, Paula TAD, Carvalho FFRD, Cordeiro EHDA, Nascimento HFAD, Mendes GO, Oliveira ABD, Véras ASC. Low-purity crude glycerin as a nutrient substitute for corn: the effect on yields of goat organs and viscera. ACTA SCIENTIARUM: ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.48650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of low-purity crude glycerin (CG, 63.1% of glycerol) in the diets of feedlot-finished goats on the weights and yields of the non-carcass components, with are frequently used in regionals dishes (buchada and panelada). Forty castrated male goats with the initial mean body weight of 19.70 ± 2.30 kg were used. Experimental treatments consisted of inclusion of CG at levels of 0, 6, 12, and 18%, based on dry matter. The weights of the lungs, spleen, total organs (TWO), and TWO yield, as a function of the slaughter body weight, decreased linearly. It was shown that the rumen portion of the weight showed a quadratic effect, at the level of 10.71% of CG, with a minimum point of 0.37 kg. Similar behavior was observed for the reticulum, with a minimum point of 0.08 kg, at the level of 7.5% of CG. The weights and yields of the buchada and panelada were negatively influenced by the experimental diets. Low-purity crude glycerin may partially replace corn and be included in up to 6% of the dry matter of the finished goats' feedlot diet without adversely affecting weights and yields of organs, viscera, and regional dishes, such as buchada and panelada.
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18
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Almeida MTC, Paschoaloto JR, Perez HL, Carvalho VB, Homem Junior AC, Favaro VR, Blair HT, Ezequiel JMB. Effect of adding crude glycerine to diets with feed additives on the feed intake, ruminal degradability, volatile fatty acid concentrations and in vitro gas production of feedlot Nellore cattle. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:988-996. [PMID: 31172562 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effects of adding crude glycerine with sodium monensin or essential oils to beef cattle diets on the intake, degradability of DM and nutrients, rumen concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and in vitro gas production were evaluated. Five ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments were as follows: CONT, without crude glycerine and additives; EO, with essential oils and without crude glycerine; MON, with sodium monensin and without crude glycerine; EOG, with essential oils and crude glycerine; MONG, with sodium monensin and crude glycerine. Treatments with essential oil and sodium monensin increased the NDF and STC intake and the DM degradability. When crude glycerine was combined with either sodium monensin or essential oil, there was a reduction in DM, NDF and STC intake and an increase in DM and CP degradability of the diets. The adding crude glycerine to essential oil diets reduced the CH4 production. Sodium monensin treatments reduced DM and NDF intake and the production of total gas, CH4 , total VFA and acetic acid concentration. In conclusion, the adding crude glycerine (200 g/kg DM) with either sodium monensin (0.03 g/kg DM) or essential oil (0.5 g/kg DM) can be utilized in diets for Nellore cattle without causing detrimental effects on feed intake and improving the DM degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrique L Perez
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus Piaui, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus Piaui, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa R Favaro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus Piaui, Brazil
| | - Hugh T Blair
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane M B Ezequiel
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus Piaui, Brazil
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19
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Sustainability of feeding plant by-products: A review of the implications for ruminant meat production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Costa CAD, Fernando Ramos de Carvalho F, Guim A, Andrade GPD, Cardoso DB, Maciel MDV, Silva GGD, Nascimento AGDO. Carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of crude glycerin. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1882-1888. [PMID: 31011007 PMCID: PMC6819683 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of crude glycerin (0%, 6%, 12%, and 18%) used as a substitute for corn in lamb feed on the quantitative characteristics of the carcass. Methods A total of 40 crossbred Santa Inês lambs that were four months old with a mean initial weight of 21.0±0.8 kg were randomly distributed in four treatments with ten replicates. The animals were slaughtered after 66 days of confinement. The effects of crude glycerin as a replacement for corn in the diet of the lambs on the carcass characteristics, commercial cut weight and yield and carcass measurements were studied. Results There was an increasing linear effect for body weight at slaughter with the replacement of corn by crude glycerin. The dry matter and metabolizable energy intakes, weight of the empty body, hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight showed a quadratic effect, with maximum crude glycerin levels estimated at 10.9%, 9.8%, 10.83%, 11.78%, and 11.35%, respectively. The initial pH was not influenced by the replacement of corn for crude glycerin, while the final pH presented a quadratic effect. The other parameters of the carcass and the weights and yields of commercial cuts were not influenced. There was also no effect of the diets on carcass morphometric measurements, except for the thoracic perimeter and the carcass compactness index, which presented quadratic and linear effects, respectively. Conclusion Crude glycerin can replace up to 18% of corn because it favours muscle tissue deposition without promoting changes in the main carcass characteristics of lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Alves da Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Roraima, UFRR, Boa Vista, 69310-000, Roraima, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Guim
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gilcifran Prestes de Andrade
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barros Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Michel do Vale Maciel
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM, Parintins, 69152240 Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Gonçalves da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Costa JB, Oliveira RL, Silva TM, Barbosa AM, Borja MS, de Pellegrini CB, Oliveira VDS, Ribeiro RDX, Bezerra LR. Fatty acid, physicochemical composition and sensory attributes of meat from lambs fed diets containing licuri cake. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206863. [PMID: 30444881 PMCID: PMC6239286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding licuri cake to lambs on the sensory characteristics, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid (FA) profile of meat from lambs. Forty-four crossbred Santa Ines lambs (21.2 ± 2.70 kg body weight; 6 months old) were housed in individual pens and fed 4 experimental diets, containing 0, 8, 16 or 24% licuri cake (DM basis). The averages concentrations of ash (11.4), pH (5.82), lightness (38.1), cooking loss (26.8) or shear-force resistance (2.48) of lamb meat were not affected by the licuri cake diets. However, there was a linear decrease (P < 0.01) of redness and chroma indexes, lipid and protein contents, whereas the moisture content of the meat (P < 0.001) increased linearly due to the inclusion of licuri cake in lambs’ diets. The licuri cake inclusion in the lambs feed linearly increased (P < 0.05) the fatty acids concentrations of C12:0, C17:0, C20:0, C20:1, C18:3, C20:3, C20:4 and ΣPUFA/ΣMUFA ratio, Σω–3 and atherogenicity index (AI). However, C18:1 cis, C20:2, C20:5, ΣMUFA, ΣMUFA/ΣSFA and Σω–6:Σω–3 ratios in the longissimus lumborum of lambs linearly decreased by licuri cake inclusion. There was a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) on C14:0 (maximum point 4.94 g/100 g FAME to 14.5% licuri inclusion), C16:1 (maximum point 8.59 g/100 g FAME to 10.7% licuri inclusion) and enzymatic activities of Δ9-desaturase C16 (maximum point 27.5 g/100 g FAME to 10.6% licuri inclusion) in the longissimus lumborum of lambs fed due to increased concentrations of licuri cake. However, there was a quadratic decrease (P = 0.04) in ΣPUFA/ΣSFA ratio with minimum concentration of 0.63 g/100 g FAME to 11.1% inclusion. The inclusion of licuri cake in the lambs diet did not change (P > 0.05) the concentrations of SFA C10:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C14:1, MUFA C18:1 trans, PUFA C18:2 cis, CLA, total sum of ΣSFA and ΣPUFA, desirable fatty acids (DFA), hypocholesterolemic:hypercholesterolemic index, and elongase and Δ9-desaturase C18 enzymes. Licuri cake in the lamb diet improved (P < 0.05) meat aroma, flavor and overall acceptance by consumers. Licuri cake inclusion in the diet of lambs improves sensory attributes of meat and the meat fatty acid profile becomes nutritionally healthier for the human diet because do not affect major FA of meat; however, the growth performance of finishing lambs is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonival Barreto Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Thadeu Mariniello Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Analívia Martins Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Máikal Souza Borja
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Vinicius da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana, Bom Jesus, Piaui, Brazil
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22
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Ribeiro R, Medeiros A, Oliveira RL, de Araújo G, Queiroga RDCDE, Ribeiro M, Silva T, Bezerra L, Oliveira RL. Palm kernel cake from the biodiesel industry in goat kid diets. Part 2: Physicochemical composition, fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of meat. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Xiang Q, Liu X, Li J, Ding T, Zhang H, Zhang X, Bai Y. Influences of cold atmospheric plasma on microbial safety, physicochemical and sensorial qualities of meat products. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:846-857. [PMID: 29487426 PMCID: PMC5821664 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-3020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Meat and meat products can be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, which cause serious health problems and economic loss. Recently, numerous novel non-thermal technologies have been developed to respond to growing consumer demand for high quality and safe meat products. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel and emerging non-thermal technology, showing great potential for applications in the food industry. This review presents recent advances on the developments and applications of CAP in meat products, including generation and microbial inactivation effects of CAP as well as its influences on physicochemical qualities and sensory attributes of meat products. Furthermore, the safety assessment of CAP-treated meat products and challenges in industrial application of CAP are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, NO. 136, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, NO. 136, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Junguang Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, NO. 136, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, NO. 136, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangsheng Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, NO. 136, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
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Effects of partial or total replacement of corn cracked grain with high concentrations of crude glycerin on rumen metabolism of crossbred sheep. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Feeding sunflower cake from biodiesel production to Santa Ines lambs: Physicochemical composition, fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of meat. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0188648. [PMID: 29304058 PMCID: PMC5755730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the inclusion of sunflower cake in the diets of lambs on meat quality. Forty male, uncastrated Santa Ines lambs with an initial average body weight of 20.9 ± 0.41 kg were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments. The lambs were fed 500 g/kg hay and 500 g/kg concentrate (corn, soybean meal, urea, ammonium sulfate and sunflower cake) in their diet, and the experimental treatments were 0, 10, 20, and 30% sunflower cake inclusion (DM basis). The inclusion of sunflower cake in the diet did not affect (P > 0.05) the content of ash and protein, overall acceptance, or sensory aroma of the lamb meat. Total lipids and moisture content of the longissimus lumborum muscle increased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) with sunflower cake inclusion. The C16:0, ΣSFA, ΣMUFA:ΣSFA ratio, Δ–9 desaturase enzyme and atherogenicity index in the longissimus lumborum muscle decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) with sunflower cake inclusion in lamb diets, whereas a linear increase occurred (P ≤ 0.05) in C12:0, C18:0, ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA, ΣPUFA:ΣSFA and ΣPUFA:ΣMUFA ratios, Σn–6, Σn–3, desirable fatty acids, h:H index, elongase activity, and flavor, tenderness and juiciness sensory qualities in lamb meat. Among the panelists, the highest preference (35.9%) was for meat with 30% sunflower cake inclusion in the diet. Sunflower cake up to 30% of total DM can be included in the diet of Santa Ines lambs, because lipid nutritional quality and the sensory qualities of the lamb meat increase, in addition to improvement in nutraceutical compounds, such as the CLA content, and in the AI, PUFA:SFA and PUFA:MUFA ratios, desirable fatty acids content and h:H ratio, which are beneficial to the health of consumers.
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Almeida MTC, Ezequiel JMB, Paschoaloto JR, Perez HL, Barbosa de Carvalho V, Filho ESC, Branco van Cleef EHC. Effects of high concentrations of crude glycerin in diets for feedlot lambs: feeding behaviour, growth performance, carcass and non-carcass traits. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of high concentrations of crude glycerin were investigated in diets for feedlot lambs. Forty crossbred (Santa Ines × Dorper) uncastrated male lambs (21.7 ± 2.7 kg bodyweight) were assigned to a complete randomised block and subjected to four experimental diets containing 0, 100, 200, or 300 g crude glycerin/kg DM. Animals were weighed at 14-day intervals and were harvested when they reached ~35 kg bodyweight. The feed intake, feeding behaviour, growth performance, carcass and meat traits, and edible non-carcass components were evaluated. The inclusion of more than 100 g/kg crude glycerin in the diets increased days on feed and decreased DM intake and average daily gain. Crude glycerin increased number of chews and the time spent chewing per feed bolus. There were no effects of crude glycerin on pH and colour of Longissimus muscle at 45 min or 24 h after slaughter, as well as on other carcass and edible non-carcass characteristics. The addition of crude glycerin reduced perirenal fat without detrimental effect on others fat deposition sites. In conclusion, the addition of up to 100 g/kg DM in diets for crossbred finishing lambs seems to be the most interesting strategy, as it promotes greatest animal performance. However, the inclusion of up to 300 g/kg DM of the by-product could be possible depending on glycerin market price and the structure of feedlot operation, with favourable economic results despite high inclusions reflect in greater number of days on feed.
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Effects of dietary inclusion of high concentrations of crude glycerin on meat quality and fatty acid profile of feedlot fed Nellore bulls. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28644883 PMCID: PMC5482476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude glycerin, the main by-product of biodiesel production, can replace dietary energy sources, such as corn. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of up to 30% of crude glycerin in dry matter (DM) of the total diets, and its effects on meat quality parameters of feedlot Nellore bulls. Thirty animals (227.7 ± 23.8 kg body weight; 18 months old) were housed in individual pens and fed 5 experimental diets, containing 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 or 30% crude glycerin (DM basis). After 103 d (21 d adaptation) animals were slaughtered and the Longissimus muscle was collected. The characteristics assessed were chemical composition, fatty acid profile, cholesterol, shear force, pH, color, water-holding capacity, cooking loss and sensory properties. The increasing inclusion of crude glycerin in the diets did not affect the chemical composition of the Longissimus muscle (P > 0.10). A quadratic effect was observed when levels of crude glycerin were increased, on the concentration of pentadecanoic, palmitoleic and eicosenoic fatty acids in meat (P < 0.05), and on the activity of the delta-9 desaturase 16 and delta-9 desaturase 18 enzymes (P < 0.05). The addition of crude glycerin increased the gamma linolenic fatty acid concentration (P < 0.01), and altered the monounsaturated fatty acids in Longissimus muscle of animals (Pquad. < 0.05). Crude glycerin decreased cholesterol content in meat (P < 0.05), and promoted higher flavor score and greasy intensity perception of the meat (P < 0.01). The inclusion of up to 30% crude glycerin in Nellore cattle bulls`diets (DM basis) improves meat cholesterol and sensory attributes, such as flavor, without affecting significantly the physical traits, the main fatty acid concentrations and the chemical composition.
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Realini CE, Bianchi G, Bentancur O, Garibotto G. Effect of supplementation with linseed or a blend of aromatic spices and time on feed on fatty acid composition, meat quality and consumer liking of meat from lambs fed dehydrated alfalfa or corn. Meat Sci 2016; 127:21-29. [PMID: 28110126 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cross-bred lambs (n=72) were fed finishing diets using a factorial arrangement of treatments: BASAL DIET (alfalfa pellets or corn), SUPPLEMENT (none, linseed or aromatic spices), TIME ON FEED (41 or 83days). Carcass and meat quality traits, fatty acid composition, color stability and consumer liking were determined. Feeding alfalfa improved sensory ratings and fatty acid composition of lamb. However, corn or longer alfalfa feeding would be recommended if heavier and fatter carcasses are sought. Consumer liking and fatty acid composition of lamb were improved with addition of spices and linseed, respectively. But additional antioxidant strategies should be considered to delay meat color deterioration during storage if lambs are fed corn-linseed for 83days. Although alfalfa basal diet and linseed supplementation improved fatty acid composition, feeding the basal diets for at least 41days resulted in low n-3 fatty acid concentrations in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Realini
- Ruminant Production Group, Facultad de Ciencias, CENUR Noroeste, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay.
| | - G Bianchi
- Department of Animal Production, Estación Experimental "Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni", Facultad de Agronomía, Ruta 3 km 363.500, CP: 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - O Bentancur
- Biometrics Department of Statistics and Computing, Estación Experimental "Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni", Facultad de Agronomía, Ruta 3 km 363.500, CP: 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - G Garibotto
- Department of Animal Production, Estación Experimental "Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni", Facultad de Agronomía, Ruta 3 km 363.500, CP: 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
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Carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs fed babassu cake (Orbignya speciosa) as a replacement for elephant grass silage. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 49:113-119. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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