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Vieira JIG, Braga LG, Chud TCS, Ferreira PH, Guimarães SEF, Martins MF, do Carmo Panetto JC, Machado MA, Silva DBDS, Bonafé CM, Magalhães AFB, da Silva MVGB, Verardo LL. Resequencing of Brazilian locally adapted cattle breeds revealed variants in candidate genes and transcription factors for meat fatty acid profile. J Anim Breed Genet 2024. [PMID: 38686591 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The beef cattle industry has experienced a shift driven by a market demand for healthier meat, cost efficiency and environmental sustainability in recent years. Consequently, there has been a growing focus on the fatty acids content and functions of meat in cattle breeding programmes. Besides, a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms influencing the expression of different phenotypes related to fatty acid profiles is crucial. In this study, we aimed to identify Single-Nucleotide Variants (SNV) and Insertion/Deletion (InDels) DNA variants in candidate genes related to fatty acid profiles described in genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies conducted in beef cattle breeds. Utilizing whole-genome re-sequencing data from Brazilian locally adapted bovine breeds, namely Caracu and Pantaneiro, we identified SNVs and InDels associated with 23,947 genes. From these, we identified 318 candidate genes related to fatty acid profiles that contain variants. Subsequently, we select only genes with SNVs and InDels in their promoter, 5' UTR and coding region. Through the gene-biological process network, approximately 19 genes were highlighted. Furthermore, considering the studied trait and a literature review, we selected the main transcription factors (TF). Functional analysis via gene-TF network allowed us to identify the 30 most likely candidate genes for meat fatty acid profile in cattle. LIPE, MFSD2A and SREBF1 genes were highlighted in networks due to their biological importance. Further dissection of these genes revealed 15 new variants found in promoter regions of Caracu and Pantaneiro sequences. The gene networks facilitated a better functional understanding of genes and TF, enabling the identification of variants potentially related to the expression of candidate genes for meat fatty acid profiles in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Graciano Braga
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucas Lima Verardo
- Universidade Federal dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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McPhee MJ. Predicting fat cover in beef cattle to make on-farm management decisions: a review of assessing fat and of modeling fat deposition. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae058. [PMID: 38800101 PMCID: PMC11125392 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Demands of domestic and foreign market specifications of carcass weight and fat cover, of beef cattle, have led to the development of cattle growth models that predict fat cover to assist on-farm managers make management decisions. The objectives of this paper are 4-fold: 1) conduct a brief review of the biological basis of adipose tissue accretion, 2) briefly review live and carcass assessments of beef cattle, and carcass grading systems used to develop quantitative compositional and quality indices, 3) review fat deposition models: Davis growth model (DGM), French National Institute for Agricultural Research growth model (IGM), Cornell Value Discovery System (CVDS), and BeefSpecs drafting tool (BeefSpecsDT), and 4) appraise the process of translating science and practical skills into research/decision support tools that assist the Beef industry improve profitability. The r2 for live and carcass animal assessments, using several techniques across a range of species and traits, ranged from 0.61 to 0.99 and from 0.52 to 0.99, respectively. Model evaluations of DGM and IGM were conducted using Salers heifers (n = 24) and Angus-Hereford steers (n = 15) from an existing publication and model evaluations of CVDS and BeefSpecsDT were conducted using Angus steers (n = 33) from a research trial where steers were grain finished for 101 d in a commercial feedlot. Evaluating the observed and predicted fat mass (FM) is the focus of this review. The FM mean bias for Salers heifers were 7.5 and 1.3 kg and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 31.2 and 27.8 kg and for Angus-Hereford steers the mean bias were -4.0 and -10.5 kg and the RMSEP were 9.14 and 21.5 kg for DGM and IGM, respectively. The FM mean bias for Angus steers were -5.61 and -2.93 kg and the RMSEP were 12.3 and 13.4 kg for CVDS and BeefSpecsDT, respectively. The decomposition for bias, slope, and deviance were 21%, 12%, and 68% and 5%, 4%, and 91% for CVDS and BeefSpecsDT, respectively. The modeling efficiencies were 0.38 and 0.27 and the models were within a 20 kg level of tolerance 91% and 88% for CVDS and BeefSpecsDT, respectively. Fat deposition models reported in this review have the potential to assist the beef industry make on-farm management decisions on live cattle before slaughter and improve profitability. Modelers need to continually assess and improve their models but with a caveat of 1) striving to minimize inputs, and 2) choosing on-farm inputs that are readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J McPhee
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Nascimento KB, Galvão MC, Meneses JAM, Ramírez-Zamudio GD, Pereira DG, Paulino PVR, Casagrande DR, Gionbelli TRS, Ladeira MM, Duarte MS, Loor JJ, Gionbelli MP. Maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation improves offspring performance and metabolism in beef cows. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae058. [PMID: 38437631 PMCID: PMC10998463 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation on offspring, considering potential sex-related effects. Forty-three pregnant purebred Tabapuã beef cows (20 female and 23 male fetuses) were collectively managed in a pasture until 100 d of gestation. From 100 to 200 d of gestation, they were randomly assigned to the restricted group [(RES) - basal diet (75% corn silage + 25% sugar cane bagasse + mineral mixture); n = 24] or control group [(CON) - same basal diet + based-plant supplement [40% of crude protein, 3.5 g/kg of body weight (BW); n = 19]. From 200 d of gestation until parturition, all cows were equally fed corn silage and mineral mixture. During the cow-calf phase, cows and their calves were maintained in a pasture area. After weaning, calves were individually housed and evaluated during the backgrounding (255 to 320 d), growing 1 (321 to 381 d), and growing 2 (382 to 445 d) phases. Offspring's blood samples were collected at 210 and 445 d of age. Samples of skeletal muscle tissue were collected through biopsies at 7, 30, and 445 d of age. Muscle tissue samples were subjected to reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Prenatal treatment and offspring's sex (when pertinent) were considered fixed effects. The significance level was set at 5%. At mid-gestation, cows supplemented with protein reached 98% and 92% of their protein and energy requirements, while nonsupplemented cows attained only 30% and 50% of these requirements, respectively. The RES offspring were lighter at birth (27 vs. 31 kg), weaning (197 vs. 214 kg), and 445 d of age (398 vs. 429 kg) (P ≤ 0.05). The CON calves had greater (P < 0.05) morphometric measurements overall. The CON offspring had ~26% greater muscle fiber area (P ≤ 0.01). There was a trend (P = 0.06) for a greater Mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase mRNA expression in the Longissimus thoracis in the CON group at 7 d of age. The Myogenic differentiation 1 expression was greater (P = 0.02) in RES-females. Upregulation of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 was observed in RES offspring at 445 d (P = 0.04). Expression of Fatty acid binding protein 4 (P < 0.001), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (P < 0.001), and Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase (P < 0.001) was upregulated in CON-females. Therefore, protein supplementation during gestation enhances offspring growth and promotes favorable responses to lipogenesis, particularly in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina B Nascimento
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Galvão
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Javier A M Meneses
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
- Department of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Cartagena, Bolivar 130001, Colombia
| | - German D Ramírez-Zamudio
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Douglas G Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Pedro V R Paulino
- Cargill Animal Nutrition/Nutron, Campinas, São Paulo 13086-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Casagrande
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Tathyane R S Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Marcio M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Marcio S Duarte
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mateus P Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
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4
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Durand G, Charrier P, Bes S, Bernard L, Lamothe V, Gruffat D, Bonnet M. Gene expression of free fatty acids-sensing G protein-coupled receptors in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae114. [PMID: 38659415 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Many physiological functions are regulated by free fatty acids (FFA). Recently, the discovery of FFA-specific G protein-coupled receptors (FFARs) has added to the complexity of their actions at the cellular level. The study of FFAR in cattle is still in its earliest stages focusing mainly on dairy cows. In this study, we set out to map the expression of genes encoding FFARs in 6 tissues of beef cattle. We also investigated the potential effect of dietary forage nature on FFAR gene expression. To this end, 16 purebred Charolais bulls were fed a grass silage ration or a maize silage ration (n = 8/group) with a forage/concentrate ratio close to 60:40 for 196 d. The animals were then slaughtered at 485 ± 42 d and liver, spleen, ileum, rectum, perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), and Longissimus Thoracis muscle were collected. FFAR gene expression was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Our results showed that of the five FFARs investigated, FFAR1, FFAR2, FFAR3, and GPR84 are expressed (Ct < 30) in all six tissues, whereas FFAR4 was only expressed (Ct < 30) in PRAT, ileum, and rectum. In addition, our results showed that the nature of the forage, i.e., grass silage or maize silage, had no effect on the relative abundance of FFAR in any of the tissues studied (P value > 0.05). Taken together, these results open new perspectives for studying the physiological role of these receptors in beef cattle, particularly in nutrient partitioning during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Durand
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetagroSup, UMRH, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33170 Gradignan, France
| | | | - Sébastien Bes
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetagroSup, UMRH, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Laurence Bernard
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetagroSup, UMRH, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Dominique Gruffat
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetagroSup, UMRH, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetagroSup, UMRH, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Torrecilhas JA, Pereira GL, Vito ES, Fiorentini G, Ramirez-Zamudio GD, Fonseca LS, Torres RDNS, Simioni TA, Duarte JM, Machado Neto OR, Curi RA, Chardulo LAL, Baldassini WA, Berchielli TT. Changes in the Lipid Metabolism of the Longissimus thoracis Muscle in Bulls When Using Different Feeding Strategies during the Growing and Finishing Phases. Metabolites 2023; 13:1042. [PMID: 37887367 PMCID: PMC10608670 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the supplementation strategy's effect on beef cattle during the growing phase and two systems during the finishing phase. One hundred and twenty young bulls were randomly divided in a 2 × 2 factorial design to receive either mineral (ad libitum) or protein + energy (3 g/kg body weight (BW)/day) during the growing phase and pasture plus concentrate supplementation (20 g/kg BW/day) or feedlot (25:75% corn silage:concentrate) during the finishing phase. Feedlot-fed bulls had meat (Longissimus thoracis-LT) with a higher content of lipids and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a greater upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c than animals that fed on pasture (p < 0.05). On the other hand, pasture-fed bulls had meat with a higher content of α-linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and n6 and a greater n6:n3 ratio compared to the feedlot-fed group (p < 0.05). In addition, meat from pasture-fed bulls during the finishing phase had 17.6% more isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme concentration than the feedlot group (p = 0.02). Mineral-fed and pasture-finished bulls showed down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (p < 0.05), while the bulls fed protein + energy and finished in the feedlot had higher carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 expression (p ≤ 0.013). In conclusion, mineral or protein + energy supplementation in the growing does not affect the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat of LT muscle. In the finishing phase, feeding bulls in the feedlot upregulates the lipogenic genes and consequently improves the intramuscular fat content in the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Akamine Torrecilhas
- School of Veterinary e Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.d.N.S.T.); (O.R.M.N.); (R.A.C.); (L.A.L.C.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Guilherme Luis Pereira
- School of Veterinary e Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.d.N.S.T.); (O.R.M.N.); (R.A.C.); (L.A.L.C.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Elias San Vito
- Confina Beef Cattle Consulting, Sinop 78555-603, MT, Brazil;
| | - Giovani Fiorentini
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Germán Darío Ramirez-Zamudio
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Larissa Simielli Fonseca
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (L.S.F.); (T.A.S.); (J.M.D.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Rodrigo de Nazaré Santos Torres
- School of Veterinary e Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.d.N.S.T.); (O.R.M.N.); (R.A.C.); (L.A.L.C.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Tiago Adriano Simioni
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (L.S.F.); (T.A.S.); (J.M.D.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Juliana Messana Duarte
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (L.S.F.); (T.A.S.); (J.M.D.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Otavio Rodrigues Machado Neto
- School of Veterinary e Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.d.N.S.T.); (O.R.M.N.); (R.A.C.); (L.A.L.C.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Rogério Abdallah Curi
- School of Veterinary e Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.d.N.S.T.); (O.R.M.N.); (R.A.C.); (L.A.L.C.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo
- School of Veterinary e Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.d.N.S.T.); (O.R.M.N.); (R.A.C.); (L.A.L.C.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Welder Angelo Baldassini
- School of Veterinary e Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.d.N.S.T.); (O.R.M.N.); (R.A.C.); (L.A.L.C.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Telma Teresinha Berchielli
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (L.S.F.); (T.A.S.); (J.M.D.); (T.T.B.)
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6
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Pedro AE, Torrecilhas JA, Torres RNS, Ramírez-Zamudio GD, Baldassini WA, Chardulo LAL, Curi RA, Russo GH, Napolitano JA, Bezerra Tinoco GL, Mariano TB, Caixeta JL, Moriel P, Pereira GL. Early Weaning Possibly Increases the Activity of Lipogenic and Adipogenic Pathways in Intramuscular Adipose Tissue of Nellore Calves. Metabolites 2023; 13:1028. [PMID: 37755308 PMCID: PMC10536964 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate by wide-expression profile analysis how early weaning at 120 days can alter the skeletal muscle metabolism of calves supplemented with a concentrated diet until the growth phase. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples were obtained by biopsy from two groups of calves, early weaned (EW; n = 8) and conventionally weaned (CW; n = 8) at two different times (120 days of age-T1 [EW] and 205 days of age-T2 [CW]). Next, differential gene expression analysis and functional enrichment of metabolic pathways and biological processes were performed. The results showed respectively 658 and 165 differentially expressed genes when T1 and T2 were contrasted in the early weaning group and when early and conventionally weaned groups were compared at T2. The FABP4, SCD1, FASN, LDLR, ADIPOQ, ACACA, PPARD, and ACOX3 genes were prospected in both comparisons described above. Given the key role of these differentially expressed genes in lipid and fatty acid metabolism, the results demonstrate the effect of diet on the modulation of energy metabolism, particularly favoring postnatal adipogenesis and lipogenesis, as well as a consequent trend in obtaining better quality cuts, as long as an environment for the maintenance of these alterations until adulthood is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Enara Pedro
- College of Agronomics and Veterinary Sciences, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (A.E.P.); (G.H.R.); (G.L.B.T.)
| | - Juliana Akamine Torrecilhas
- College of Veterinary and nimal Science, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.N.S.T.); (W.A.B.); (L.A.L.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Nazaré Santos Torres
- College of Veterinary and nimal Science, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.N.S.T.); (W.A.B.); (L.A.L.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | | | - Welder Angelo Baldassini
- College of Veterinary and nimal Science, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.N.S.T.); (W.A.B.); (L.A.L.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo
- College of Veterinary and nimal Science, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.N.S.T.); (W.A.B.); (L.A.L.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rogério Abdallah Curi
- College of Veterinary and nimal Science, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.N.S.T.); (W.A.B.); (L.A.L.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Gustavo Henrique Russo
- College of Agronomics and Veterinary Sciences, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (A.E.P.); (G.H.R.); (G.L.B.T.)
| | - Juliane Arielly Napolitano
- College of Agronomic Science, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (J.A.N.); (T.B.M.); (J.L.C.)
| | - Gustavo Lucas Bezerra Tinoco
- College of Agronomics and Veterinary Sciences, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (A.E.P.); (G.H.R.); (G.L.B.T.)
| | - Thiago Barcaça Mariano
- College of Agronomic Science, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (J.A.N.); (T.B.M.); (J.L.C.)
| | - Jordana Luiza Caixeta
- College of Agronomic Science, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (J.A.N.); (T.B.M.); (J.L.C.)
| | - Philipe Moriel
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA;
| | - Guilherme Luis Pereira
- College of Agronomics and Veterinary Sciences, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (A.E.P.); (G.H.R.); (G.L.B.T.)
- College of Veterinary and nimal Science, University of São Paulo State Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (J.A.T.); (R.N.S.T.); (W.A.B.); (L.A.L.C.); (R.A.C.)
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7
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Cui Q, Lin L, Lai Z, Mao S. Effects of high-grain diet feeding on fatty acid profiles in milk, blood, muscle, and adipose tissue, and transcriptional expression of lipid-related genes in muscle and adipose tissue of dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:41. [PMID: 37029438 PMCID: PMC10082502 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grain (HG) diets affect lipid metabolism in the liver and mammary tissue of dairy cows, but its effects on muscle and adipose tissue have not been wide evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study is to clarify this issue. METHODS Twelve Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups: conventional diet group (CON, n = 6) and the HG diet group (n = 6). On day 7 of week 4, rumen fluid was sampled to measure pH, milk was sampled to measure components, and blood was sampled to measure biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition. After the experiment, cows were slaughtered to collect muscle and adipose tissue for fatty acid composition and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS HG feeding decreased the ruminal pH, milk's fat content and long-chain fatty acid proportion (P < 0.05) and increased the proportion of short- and medium-chain fatty acids in the milk (P < 0.05) as compared with CON diets. The concentrations of blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the HG cows were lower than those in CON cows (P < 0.05). In muscle tissue, HG feeding tended to increase the triacylglycerol (TG) concentration (P < 0.10). Transcriptome analysis revealed changes in the biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acids pathway, the regulation of lipolysis in the adipocytes pathway, and the PPAR signalling pathway. In adipose tissue, HG feeding increased the concentration of TG and decreased the concentration of C18:1 cis9 (P < 0.05). At the transcriptome level, the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, linoleic acid metabolism pathway, and PPAR signalling pathway were activated. CONCLUSION HG feeding leads to subacute rumen acidosis and a decreased milk fat content. The fatty acid profiles in the milk and plasma of dairy cows were changed by HG feeding. In muscle and adipose tissue, HG feeding increased TG concentration and up-regulated the expression of genes related to adipogenesis, while down-regulated the expression of genes related to lipid transport. These results complement our knowledge of the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in dairy cows and expand our understanding of the mechanisms by which HG diets affect lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaorong Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Limei Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zheng Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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8
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Ramírez-Zamudio GD, Ganga MJG, Pereira GL, Nociti RP, Chiaratti MR, Cooke RF, Chardulo LAL, Baldassini WA, Machado-Neto OR, Curi RA. Effect of Cow-Calf Supplementation on Gene Expression, Processes, and Pathways Related to Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in Longissimus thoracis Muscle of F1 Angus × Nellore Cattle at Weaning. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020160. [PMID: 36837780 PMCID: PMC9962728 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes, biological processes, and metabolic pathways related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in calves receiving different diets during the cow-calf phase. Forty-eight uncastrated F1 Angus × Nellore males were randomly assigned to two treatments from thirty days of age to weaning: no creep feeding (G1) or creep feeding (G2). The creep feed offered contained ground corn (44.8%), soybean meal (40.4%), and mineral core (14.8%), with 22% crude protein and 65% total digestible nutrients in dry matter. After weaning, the animals were feedlot finished for 180 days and fed a single diet containing 12.6% forage and 87.4% corn-based concentrate. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples were collected by biopsy at weaning for transcriptome analysis and at slaughter for the measurement of intramuscular fat content (IMF) and marbling score (MS). Animals of G2 had 17.2% and 14.0% higher IMF and MS, respectively (p < 0.05). We identified 947 differentially expressed genes (log2 fold change 0.5, FDR 5%); of these, 504 were upregulated and 443 were downregulated in G2. Part of the genes upregulated in G2 were related to PPAR signaling (PPARA, SLC27A1, FABP3, and DBI), unsaturated fatty acid synthesis (FADS1, FADS2, SCD, and SCD5), and fatty acid metabolism (FASN, FADS1, FADS2, SCD, and SCD5). Regarding biological processes, the genes upregulated in G2 were related to cholesterol biosynthesis (EBP, CYP51A1, DHCR24, and LSS), unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (FADS2, SCD, SCD5, and FADS1), and insulin sensitivity (INSIG1 and LPIN2). Cow-calf supplementation G2 positively affected energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, and thus favored the deposition of marbling fat during the postweaning period, which was shown here in an unprecedented way, by analyzing the transcriptome, genes, pathways, and enriched processes due to the use of creep feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Júlia Generoso Ganga
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luis Pereira
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Perecin Nociti
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, São Paulo University (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Welder Angelo Baldassini
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Otávio Rodrigues Machado-Neto
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Abdallah Curi
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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9
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Skeletal muscle gene expression and meat quality of F1 Angus-Nellore young steers and bulls feedlot finished. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Meat Quality and Muscle Tissue Proteome of Crossbred Bulls Finished under Feedlot Using Wet Distiller Grains By-Product. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9602256 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wet distiller grains (WDG) are a corn by-product rich in protein and fiber that can be used in feedlot diets. This study evaluated F1 Angus-Nellore bulls fed on a control diet vs. WDG (n = 25/treatment). After a period of 129 days on these feeds, the animals were slaughtered and Longissimus thoracis samples were collected for both a meat quality evaluation and gel-based proteomic analyses. A greater ribeye area (99.47 cm²) and higher carcass weight (333.6 kg) (p < 0.05) were observed in the WDG-finished cattle compared to the control (80.7 cm²; 306.3 kg). Furthermore, there were differences (p < 0.05) in the intramuscular fat between the WDG and control animals (IMF = 2.77 vs. 4.19%), which led to a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in saturated fatty acids (FA). However, no differences (p > 0.10) were observed in terms of tenderness, evaluated using Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF). The proteomic and bioinformatic analyses revealed substantial changes in the biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components of the WDG-finished cattle compared to the control. Proteins related to a myriad of interconnected pathways, such as contractile and structural pathways, energy metabolism, oxidative stress and cell redox homeostasis, and transport and signaling. In this experiment, the use of WDG supplementation influenced the protein expression of several proteins, some of which are known biomarkers of beef quality (tenderness and color), as well as the protein–protein interactions that can act as the origins of increases in muscle growth and reductions in IMF deposition. However, despite the effects on the proteome, the tenderness, evaluated by WBSF, and fatty acid profile were not compromised by WDG supplementation.
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11
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Otto JR, Mwangi FW, Pewan SB, Adegboye OA, Malau-Aduli AEO. Lipogenic Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphic DNA Markers Associated with Intramuscular Fat, Fat Melting Point, and Health-Beneficial Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Australian Pasture-Based Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral Angus, Hereford, and Wagyu Beef Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1411. [PMID: 36011322 PMCID: PMC9407580 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used targeted sequencing aimed at identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in lipogenic genes and their associations with health-beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), intramuscular fat (IMF), and fat melting point (FMP) of the M. longissimus dorsi muscle in Australian pasture-based Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral Angus, Hereford, and Wagyu cattle. It was hypothesized that SNP encoding for the fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes will be significantly associated with health-beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA and the meat eating quality traits of IMF and FMP in an Australian pasture-based beef production system. Two SNP mutations, g.21267406 T>C and g.21271264 C>A, in the SCD gene were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with IMF, FMP, oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (LA) 18:2n-6, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) 18:3n-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 20:5n-3, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 22:6-n-3, and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) 22:5n-3. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between FASN SNP g. 50787138 A>G and FMP, 18:1n-9, ALA, EPA, DHA, DPA, and total n-3 LC-PUFA were also detected. An SNP (g.44678794 G>A) in the FABP4 gene was associated with FMP. These results provide significant insights into the contributions of lipogenic genes to intramuscular fat deposition and the biosynthesis of health-beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA. The findings also unravel the potential use of lipogenic gene polymorphisms in marker-assisted selection to improve the content of health-promoting n-3 LC-PUFA and meat eating quality traits in Australian pasture-based Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral Angus, Hereford, and Wagyu beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Otto
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Felista W. Mwangi
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Shedrach B. Pewan
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Oyelola A. Adegboye
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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12
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de Carvalho AF, de Araújo MJ, Vallecillo SJA, Neto JPC, de Souza AR, Edvan RL, Dias-Silva TP, Bezerra LR. Tissue composition and meat quality of lambs fed diets containing whole-plant sesame silage as a replacement for whole-plant corn silage. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Performance and muscle lipogenesis of calves born to Nellore cows with different residual feed intake classification. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272236. [PMID: 35905086 PMCID: PMC9337683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate relationships among maternal residual feed intake (RFI) with growth performance and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in offspring of Nellore cattle. Fifty-three cows classified as negative or positive RFI by genomic prediction were exposed to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols at 2 and 3 years of age using semen from the same bull. In the first year, cows gestated under grazing conditions and nursed their calves in the feedlot. In the second year, the opposite occurred. Cows were weighed every 28 days during pregnancy and calves were weighed at birth and every 28 days until weaning. Ultrasound images were collected from the carcass of cows and calves. Muscle gene expression was evaluated in calves at birth and weaning. Data were analyzed by year considering the fixed effects of RFI class and FTAI protocol for variables measured in cows, and RFI class, FTAI protocol and sex for variables measured in calves. There was no effect of maternal RFI on calves performance in the first year. Lower expression of FABP4 gene and trend towards lower expression of SREBF1 and LPL genes were detected in samples collected after birth from calves born to negative RFI cows, indicating that adipogenesis was reduced during the fetal and neonatal period. In the second year, negative RFI cows had greater subcutaneous fat thickness than positive RFI cows, and their calves tended to be heavier at birth and to have less rump fat thickness at weaning. No significant differences in expression of genes studied were detected between cow RFI classes. Nellore cows classified as negative RFI consume less feed and produce calves whose growth potential is similar to that of calves produced by positive RFI cows.
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14
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de Nazaré Santos Torres R, de Melo Coelho L, Paschoaloto JR, Ghedini CP, Neto ORM, Chardulo LAL, Baldassini WA, de Almeida Júnior GA, Almeida MTC. Does distillers' grains supplementation affect beef cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality? A meta-analysis study. Res Vet Sci 2022; 149:21-35. [PMID: 35716519 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated, through meta-analysis, the effect of distillers' grains (DG) supplementation to beef cattle on their performance, carcass parameters, and meat fatty acid profile. Eighty-one peer-reviewed publications with 439 treatments means were included in the data set. The effects of DG supplementation to beef cattle were evaluated using weighted mean differences (WMD) between the control group (diets with no DG) and DG group (diets with DG). Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis using genetic type, treatment period, DG type, amount of DG in diet (g DG/kg DM), sulfur in diet (g S/kg DM), ether extract in diet (g EE/kg DM), feed systems (pasture or total mixed ration), and concentrate level in the diet (g/kg DM). Meat fatty acid profile was more affected when DG was fed to crossbreed animals. In Angus animals, DG inclusion to the diets had little effect on meat fatty acid profile whereas, a pronounced reduction was reported in meat omega-6/omega-3 ratio. In response to DG inclusion to the diets, an increase in diet sulfur content up to 6.0 g/kg and ether extract content up to 110 g/kg had no adverse effects on performance, carcass parameters, and meat physicochemical characteristics. Distillers' grains inclusions in amounts between 500 and 600 g DG/kg provided the greatest responses when evaluating carcass parameters and meat fatty acid profile. Increased CLA c9 t11, linolenic acid, and total PUFA and reduced myristic acid concentration in meat were reported when animals were fed diets containing DG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa de Melo Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Caren Paludo Ghedini
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 0382, USA
| | - Otavio Rodrigues Machado Neto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Welder Angelo Baldassini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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15
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Zhou M, Zhu Z, Sun HZ, Zhao K, Dugan MER, Bruce H, Fitzsimmons C, Li C, Guan LL. Breed dependent regulatory mechanisms of beneficial and non-beneficial fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cattle with divergent feed efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4612. [PMID: 35301378 PMCID: PMC8931072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine whether breed and feed efficiency affect the molecular mechanisms regulating beneficial and non-beneficial fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef steers. Fatty acid profiling and RNA-Seq based transcriptome analysis were performed on subcutaneous adipose tissues collected from beef steers with three divergent breeds (Angus, ANG, n = 47; Charolais, CHAR, n = 48; Kinsella Composite, KC, n = 48) and different residual feed intake (RFI, a measure of feed efficiency). The comparison of fatty acid profiles showed that KC had higher beneficial FAs compared to the other two breeds. Distinct FA profiles between H-RFIfat and L-RFIfat steers was more obvious for KC steers, where H-RFIfat steers tended to have higher proportion of healthy FAs and lower proportion of the unhealthy FAs. A higher number of differentially expressed (DE) genes were observed for KC steers, whereas ANG and CHAR steers had a lower number of DE genes between H- and L-RFIfat steers. The association analyses of the gene expressions and FA profiles showed that 10 FA metabolism-associated genes together with the one upstream regulator (SREBF1) were associated with the proportion of C18:2n-6, total n-6, PUFA and PUFA/SFA for KC steers but not the other two breeds. Subcutaneous adipose tissue FA profiles and healthy FA index differed in cattle with divergent feed efficiency and such variation was unique for the three examined cattle breeds. Key FA metabolism-associated genes together with SREBF1 which is the upstream regulator of a set of genes involved in lipid metabolism may be of importance for genetic selection of meat with higher healthy FA index in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zhi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Mike E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Heather Bruce
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Changxi Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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16
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Ramírez-Zamudio GD, da Cruz WF, Schoonmaker JP, de Resende FD, Siqueira GR, Neto ORM, Gionbelli TR, Teixeira PD, Rodrigues LM, Gionbelli MP, Ladeira MM. Effect of rumen-protected fat on performance, carcass characteristics and beef quality of the progeny from Nellore cows fed by different planes of nutrition during gestation. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Nguyen DV, Nguyen OC, Malau-Aduli AE. Main regulatory factors of marbling level in beef cattle. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100219. [PMID: 34877434 PMCID: PMC8633366 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The content of intramuscular fat (IMF), that determines marbling levels is considered as one of the vital factors influencing beef sensory quality including tenderness, juiciness, flavour and colour. The IMF formation in cattle commences around six months after conception, and continuously grows throughout the life of the animal. The accumulation of marbling is remarkably affected by genetic, sexual, nutritional and management factors. In this review, the adipogenesis and lipogenesis process regulated by various factors and genes during fetal and growing stages is briefly presented. We also discuss the findings of recent studies on the effects of breed, gene, heritability and gender on the marbling accumulation. Various research reported that feeding during pregnancy, concentrate to roughage ratios and the supplementation or restriction of vitamin A, C, and D are crucial nutritional factors affecting the formation and development of IMF. Castration and early weaning combined with high energy feeding are effective management strategies for improving the accumulation of IMF. Furthermore, age and weight at slaughter are also reviewed because they have significant effects on marbling levels. The combination of several factors could positively affect the improvement of the IMF deposition. Therefore, advanced strategies that simultaneously apply genetic, sexual, nutritional and management factors to achieve desired IMF content without detrimental impacts on feed efficiency in high-marbling beef production are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don V. Nguyen
- National Institute of Animal Science, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi 29909, Vietnam
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Oanh C. Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Aduli E.O. Malau-Aduli
- Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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18
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The effect of dietary inclusion of crude glycerin on performance, ruminal fermentation, meat quality and fatty acid profile of beef cattle: Meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:171-184. [PMID: 34482153 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis was carried to evaluate the effect of the use of crude glycerin in diets for beef cattle on the ruminal fermentation, animal performance, physical and chemical characteristics, and fatty acid profile of meat through meta-analysis. Data from forty-eight peer-reviewed publications with 170 treatments means was included in the data set. The effect glycerin in diet were evaluated by examining the weighted mean differences (WMD) between glycerin treatment (diets with crude glycerin) and control diet (without crude glycerin). Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis using genetic type, treatment period, crude glycerin in the diet (g/kg DM), feed systems (pasture or total mixed ration), and concentrate in the diet (g/kg DM). The inclusion of crude glycerin had no effect on the average daily gain, but increased feed efficiency by 3.15% while reducing subcutaneous fat thickness by 3.13%. Inclusion of crude glycerin reduced meat cholesterol by 9.13%, and total saturated fatty acids by 1.05%, and increased total unsaturated (2.02%), monounsaturated (3.17%) fatty acids. However, it did not affect the concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3. Crude glycerin inclusions up to 200 g/kg DM did not promote a negative effect on animal performance, carcass and physical-chemical characteristics of meat, and supported an increase in total monounsaturated (1.73%), oleic acid (12.29 mg) and palmitoleic acid (1.24 mg), while reducing myristic acid (3.08 mg), stearic acid (12.00 mg) in beef cattle meat.
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19
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Xie Y, Liu Z, Guo J, Su X, Zhao C, Zhang C, Qin Q, Dai D, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Wang R, Zhang Y, Su R, Wang Z, Li J. MicroRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networking Fine-Tunes Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis and Metabolism in the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat. Front Genet 2021; 12:649015. [PMID: 34149800 PMCID: PMC8206643 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid composition is an important aspect of meat quality in ruminants. Improving the beneficial fatty acid level in cashmere goat meat is important to its economic value. To investigate microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs that regulate or coregulate polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis and metabolism in the Inner Mongolia cashmere goat, we used longissimus dorsi muscle (WLM) and biceps femoris muscle (WBM) for transcript-level sequencing. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of mRNAs and miRNAs associated with PUFA synthesis and metabolism. The total PUFA content in the WBM was significantly higher than that in the WLM (P < 0.05). Our study is the first to systematically report miRNAs in cashmere goat meat. At the mRNA level, 20,375 genes were identified. ACSL1, CD36 and TECRL were at the center of a gene regulatory network and contributed significantly to the accumulation and metabolic regulation of fatty acids. At the miRNA level, 426 known miRNAs and 30 novel miRNAs were identified. KEGG analysis revealed that the miRNA target genes were involved mainly in the PPAR signaling pathway. The mRNA-miRNA coregulation analysis showed that ACSL1 was negatively targeted by nine miRNAs: chi-miR-10a-5p, chi-miR-10b-5p, chi-miR-130b-5p, chi-miR-15a-5p_R-1, chi-miR-15b-5p, chi-miR-16a-5p, chi-miR-16b-5p, chi-miR-181c-5p_R+1, and chi-miR-26b-5p. Finally, we speculated that the simultaneous silencing of ACSL1 by one or more of these nine miRNAs through PPAR signaling led to low ACSL1 expression in the WLM and, ultimately to high PUFA content in the WBM. Our study helps elucidate the metabolic regulation of fatty acids in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Xie
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Juntao Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Cun Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Chongyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Qing Qin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Dongliang Dai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruijun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, China
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Barragán-Hernández W, Mahecha-Ledesma L, Olivera-Angel M, Angulo-Arizala J. Beef consumers’ perceptions and relationships with acceptation assessed by photography. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1893132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Barragán-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación El Nus, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), San Roque, Colombia
| | - Liliana Mahecha-Ledesma
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, grupo de investigación GRICA, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Martha Olivera-Angel
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Grupo de investigación Biogénesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Joaquín Angulo-Arizala
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, grupo de investigación GRICA, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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21
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Carcass and meat characteristics of feedlot finished nelore cattle and their crossbreeds in the Brazilian Pantanal. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Carcass and meat quality of Nellore cattle (Bos taurus indicus) belonging to the breeding programs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Bionaz M, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Busato S. Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 33292523 PMCID: PMC7667790 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5-6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sebastiano Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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24
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Ferreira M, Niehues MB, Tomaz LA, Baldassini W, Ladeira M, Arrigoni M, Martins CL, Gionbelli T, Paulino P, Neto ORM. Dry matter intake, performance, carcass traits and expression of genes of muscle protein metabolism in cattle fed increasing levels of de-oiled wet distillers grains. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Wang X, Qiu J, Liang C, Cheng G, Wang H, Zhao C, Yang W, Zan L, Li A. Bovine Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Promotes Adipogenesis by Activating the PPARγ Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12058-12066. [PMID: 33052678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that mainly catalyzes the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) into the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). The expression level of SCD1 is positively correlated with the marbling score. However, the functional mechanism of SCD1 in adipogenesis is still unclear. In this study, we identified SCD1 as highly expressed in subcutaneous and visceral fat, peaking at 2 days after differentiation in bovine stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. When the SCD1 was overexpressed in bovine SVF cells, lipid droplets accumulation was increased from 142.46 ± 21.77 to 254.89 ± 11.75 μg/mg (P < 0.01). Further, the expression levels of FABP4, FASN, and ACCα were increased (P < 0.01), while the expression of PPARγ or C/EBPα was not changed at mRNA or protein level (P > 0.05). Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the activity of the PPARγ receptor was enhanced by 3.69 times (P < 0.01). Moreover, the contents of palmitoleate (C16:1) and oleate (C18:1) were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 100 μM exogenous oleate increased the lipid accumulation by 22.28 times (P < 0.01). These results suggest that oleate is probably a strong ligand of the PPARγ receptor to enhance adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ju Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Wucai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
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26
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Costa C, Rizzieri R, Melo G, Müller L, Estevan D, Pacheco R, Millen D, Pereira A, Zanatta M, Cappellozza B, Cervieri R, Martins C, Arrigoni M. Effects of fatty acid profile of supplements on intake, performance, carcass traits, meat characteristics, and meat sensorial analysis of feedlot Bos indicus bulls offered a high-concentrate diet. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa142. [PMID: 33024942 PMCID: PMC7526738 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of lipid source and fatty acid (FA) profile on intake, performance, carcass characteristics, expression of enzymes, and sensorial analysis of Bos indicus animals offered a high-concentrate diet. On day 0, 96 noncastrated animals were blocked by initial body weight (400 ± 19.3 kg), randomly allocated to 1 of 24 pens (4 animals/pen), and pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) control: basal diet composed of whole cottonseed and corn germ as lipid substrates (CONT; n = 6), 2) calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) of soybean: CSFA of soybean oil as replacement for whole cottonseed and corn germ (calcium salts of soybean oil [CSSO]; n = 6), 3) CSFA-Blend: CSFA of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil as replacement for whole cottonseed and corn germ (calcium salts of vegetable oils [CSVO]; n = 6), and 4) Mix: basal diet containing whole cottonseed, corn germ, and CSVO (MIXT; n = 6). Experiment lasted 108 d and performance, ultrasound measurements, as well as carcass characteristics were evaluated. Additionally, meat FA profile, expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, and sensorial analysis were evaluated. No treatment effects were observed on performance variables, ultrasound, and carcass traits (P ≥ 0.22), whereas animals receiving CONT had a greater intake of C10:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2, C18:3, total FA, monounsatured FA (MUFA), and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) vs. CSSO and MIXT (P < 0.05). Conversely, intake ratios of saturated FA (SFA):MUFA and SFA:PUFA were all reduced for CONT vs. other treatments. Meat obtained from CONT animals had greater colorimetric (L*, a*, and b*) values vs. MIXT (P < 0.01). On meat FA profile, CONT increased C18:0 vs. supplementation with calcium salts (P < 0.02) and supplementation with CSSO yielded greater meat concentrations of C18:1 trans-10 and C18:2 CLA intermediates (P < 0.01). Expression of SREBP-1, SCD, and LPL was downregulated for CSSO (P < 0.05). For sensorial analysis, regular flavor was greater (P = 0.01) for CSSO vs. other treatments, but also greater aroma (P = 0.05) vs. CONT and CSVO. In summary, addition of different lipid sources with varying FA profiles into high-concentrate diets did not affect performance and carcass characteristics of B. indicus animals, but supplementation with calcium salts of soybean oil inhibited the mRNA expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, whereas flavor and aroma were positively affected by this lipid source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon Rizzieri
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Melo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Müller
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Estevan
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Millen
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Angélica Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Zanatta
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cyntia Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Arrigoni
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Olivieri BF, Braz CU, Brito Lopes F, Peripolli E, Medeiros de Oliveira Silva R, Ruegger Pereira da Silva Corte R, Albuquerque LGD, Pereira ASC, Stafuzza NB, Baldi F. Differentially expressed genes identified through RNA-seq with extreme values of principal components for beef fatty acid in Nelore cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:80-90. [PMID: 32424857 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the Longissimus thoracis muscle of Nelore cattle related to fatty acid (FA) profile through RNA sequencing and principal component analysis (PCA). Two groups of 10 animals each were selected containing PC1 and PC2 extreme DEG values (HIGH × LOW) for each FA group. The intramuscular fat (IMF) was compared between cluster groups by ANOVA, and only the sum of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and ω3 showed significant differences (p < .05). Interestingly, the highest percentage (95%) of phenotypic variation explained by the sum of the first two PC was observed for ω3, which also displayed the lowest number of DEG (n = 1). The lowest percentage (59%) was observed for MUFA, which also revealed the largest number of DEG (n = 66). Since only MUFA and ω3 exhibited significant differences between cluster groups, we can conclude that the differences observed for the remaining groups are not due to the percentage of IMF. Several genes that have been previously associated with meat quality and FA traits were identified as DEG in this study. The functional analysis revealed one KEGG pathway and eight GO terms as significant (p < .05), in which we highlighted the purine metabolism, glycolytic process, adenosine triphosphate binding and bone development. These results strongly contribute to the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved in meat FA profile of Nelore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ferreira Olivieri
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Camila Urbano Braz
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Fernando Brito Lopes
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil.,Embrapa Cerrados, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Elisa Peripolli
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Baldi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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28
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Oliveira CVR, Schoonmaker JP, Casagrande DR, Machado Neto OR, Reis VAA, Teixeira PD, Santos LR, Ladeira MM. Effects of soybean meal versus processed whole soybean diets on the performance of young bulls and the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context It is hypothesised that the use of processed soybean for feedlot beef cattle improves feed efficiency and produces beef with a better fatty acid profile for human health. Aims This study aimed to evaluate average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass traits, chemical composition, fatty acid profile and colour in the beef of young bulls fed diets with ground or extruded soybean. Methods A total of 60 young Zebu bulls (Nellore or Nellore crossed with other Zebu breeds) with an average initial liveweight of 320 ± 8.12 kg and an average initial age of 20 ± 2 months were randomly assigned to receive one of the following diets for 84 days: dehulled and defatted soybean meal (3.22% of ether extract), ground soybean (6.51% of ether extract) or extruded soybean (6.37% of ether extract). The fatty acid profiles of these animals were analysed using high-resolution gas chromatography. The CIE L*a*b* colour space model was used to numerically describe the colour during the aging period (0, 7, 14 and 21 days). Key results Diet had no effect on the average daily gain, feed efficiency or carcass traits of the animals (P > 0.05). Protein, ether extract and ash composition of the Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle were not affected (P > 0.30) by the use of processed soybean grains. The ground soybean diet decreased oleic acid and C18:2 c9, t11 concentrations, but increased C18:2 t10, c12 and trans-octadecenoic acid isomer concentrations in the LL muscle compared with those in the dehulled and defatted soybean meal and extruded soybean diets (P < 0.05). Muscle from bulls fed processed soybean exhibited greater concentrations of stearic acid and saturated fatty acids, and a lower concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as a decreased unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids ratio (P < 0.05). Processed soybean grains did not affect (P > 0.05) the LL muscle pH or colour. Conclusions The use of ground or extruded soybean did not affect the performance, carcass traits, LL protein, ether extract or ash composition, and had no impact on beef colour compared with the diet containing soybean meal. Processed whole soybeans in the diet did not increase unsaturated fatty acids or conjugated linoleic acid in beef compared with a diet without soybean meal. Implications Up to 20% of ground or extruded soybean in feedlot beef cattle can be used as a replacement for soybean meal and corn.
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Nowacka-Woszuk J. Nutrigenomics in livestock-recent advances. J Appl Genet 2019; 61:93-103. [PMID: 31673964 PMCID: PMC6968980 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-019-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of the effects of nutrients on genome functioning, in terms of gene transcription, protein levels, and epigenetic mechanisms, is referred to as nutrigenomics. Nutrigenomic studies in farm animals, as distinct from rodents, are limited by the high cost of keeping livestock, their long generational distance, and ethical aspects. Yet farm animals, and particularly pigs, can serve as valuable animal models for human gastrological diseases, since they possess similar size, physiology, and nutritional habits and can develop similar pathological states. In livestock, the effects of dietary modifications have mostly been studied with reference to effective breeding and their influence on production traits and animal health. The majority of such studies have looked at the impact of various sources and quantities of fat and protein, supplementation with microelements, and plant-derived additives. The period of life of the animal—whether prenatal, neonatal, or mature—is typically considered when a modified diet is used. This review presents a summary of recent nutrigenomic studies in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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Ferreira MS, Tomaz LA, Niehues MB, Ladeira MM, Curi RA, Chardulo LA, Baldassini WA, Martins CL, Arrigoni MB, Machado Neto OR. The inclusion of de-oiled wet distillers grains in feedlot diets reduces the expression of lipogenic genes and fat content in Longissimus muscle from F1 Angus-Nellore cattle. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7699. [PMID: 31681509 PMCID: PMC6822641 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of agro-industry by-products originated from corn ethanol production has increased in animal nutrition in Brazil, reducing formulation costs. In the literature, there is no consensus on how the high inclusion of de-oiled wet distillers grains can affect beef quality and the expression of lipogenic genes in Longissimus muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of WDG in the diet of F1 Angus-Nellore cattle on meat quality characteristics, chemical composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. A hundred F1 Angus-Nellore bulls, with average initial body weight (BW) of 369.5 ± 49 kg were used. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, and the animals were divided into two blocks (light and heavy) according to the initial body weight. The animals were fed diets containing levels of 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45% of WDG replacing dry corn and soybean meal. After 129 days of feedlot, the animals were slaughtered and samples of the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected for quality analyzes such as shear force (3, 10 and 17 aging days), color (luminosity, red, Chroma and Hue), cooking losses, pH and chemical composition (moisture, protein, lipids and ash contents). In addition, the expression of the PPARα, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, SCD1, LPL, FABP4, FASN, ACOX, CPT2, GPX1 and ACACA genes was investigated in the LT muscle by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were analyzed using polynomial contrasts (linear, quadratic and control vs. WDG). There was no interaction (P > 0.05) between aging times and the inclusion of WDG in the diets on the meat quality (pH, cooking losses, coloration and tenderness). However, diets with increasing levels of WDG caused a linear reduction (P = 0.01) in the intramuscular fat of LT. The lipogenic genes SCD1, PPARγ, FASN and CPT2 were less expressed (P < 0.05) in response to the inclusion of WDG. These results suggest that the inclusion of WDG reduced the expression of lipogenic genes and consequently the marbling of LT muscle without affecting tenderness (shear force) and meat color traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus S Ferreira
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís A Tomaz
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria B Niehues
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio M Ladeira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério A Curi
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís A Chardulo
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welder A Baldassini
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cyntia L Martins
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário B Arrigoni
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otávio R Machado Neto
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Reis VA, Reis RA, Araújo TLDRD, Lage JF, Teixeira PD, Gionbelli TRS, Lanna DP, Ladeira MM. Performance, beef quality and expression of lipogenic genes in young bulls fed low-fat dried distillers grains. Meat Sci 2019; 160:107962. [PMID: 31683256 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two studies were carried out, the first with the objective to evaluate performance, beef quality and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of bulls fed with or without low-fat dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS, 21% DM) in the diet. In the second, eight rumen-fistulated bulls were assigned in a switch back design to evaluate the fatty acid profile of omasal fluid. We hypothesized that bulls fed DDGS may have an improved fatty acid profile and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism may be altered, without affecting performance. Bulls fed DDGS had greater (P < .05) concentrations of PUFA n-6 in the omasum and muscle. CLA t10, c12 content was higher and there was lower expression of the LPL gene (P = .05) in the muscle of animals fed DDGS (P = .03). In conclusion, DDGS can be used as a protein feedstuff because it maintains beef quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Amin Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14.884-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Priscilla Dutra Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Dante Pazzanese Lanna
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Machado Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil.
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Abstract
The present review will present the recent published results and discuss the main effects of nutrients, mainly fatty acids, on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. In this sense, the review focuses in two phases: prenatal life and finishing phase, showing how nutrients can modulate gene expression affecting marbling and fatty acid profile in meat from ruminants. Adiposity in ruminants starts to be affected by nutrients during prenatal life when maternal nutrition affects the differentiation and proliferation of adipose cells enhancing the marbling potential. Therefore, several fetal programming studies were carried out in the last two decades in order to better understand how nutrients affect long-term expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In addition, during the finishing phase, marbling becomes largely dependent on starch digestion and glucose metabolism, being important to create alternatives to increase these metabolic processes, and modulates gene expression. Different lipid sources and their fatty acids may also influence the expression of genes responsible to encode enzymes involved in fat tissue deposition, influencing meat quality. In conclusion, the knowledge shows that gene expression is a metabolic factor affecting marbling and fatty acid profile in ruminant meat and diets and their nutrients have direct effect on how these genes are expressed.
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Poleti MD, Regitano LC, Souza GH, Cesar AS, Simas RC, Silva-Vignato B, Oliveira GB, Andrade SC, Cameron LC, Coutinho LL. Longissimus dorsi muscle label-free quantitative proteomic reveals biological mechanisms associated with intramuscular fat deposition. J Proteomics 2018; 179:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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