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Oliulla H, Mizan MFR, Ashrafudoulla M, Meghla NS, Ha AJW, Park SH, Ha SD. The challenges and prospects of using cold plasma to prevent bacterial contamination and biofilm formation in the meat industry. Meat Sci 2024; 217:109596. [PMID: 39089085 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
The risk of foodborne disease outbreaks increases when the pathogenic bacteria are able to form biofilms, and this presents a major threat to public health. An emerging non-thermal cold plasma (CP) technology has proven a highly effective method for decontaminating meats and their products and extended their shelf life. CP treatments have ability to reduce microbial load and, biofilm formation with minimal change of color, pH value, and lipid oxidation of various meat and meat products. The CP technique offers many advantages over conventional processing techniques due to its layout flexibility, nonthermal behavior, affordability, and ecological sustainability. The technology is still in its infancy, and continuous research efforts are needed to realize its full potential in the meat industry. This review addresses the basic principles and the impact of CP technology on biofilm formation, meat quality (including microbiological, color, pH value, texture, and lipid oxidation), and microbial inactivation pathways and also the prospects of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaun Oliulla
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Nigar Sultana Meghla
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Jie-Won Ha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea; Grand Hyatt Hotel Jeju, 12 Noyeon Ro, Jeju, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bayati M, Lund MN, Tiwari BK, Poojary MM. Chemical and physical changes induced by cold plasma treatment of foods: A critical review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13376. [PMID: 38923698 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cold plasma treatment is an innovative technology in the food processing and preservation sectors. It is primarily employed to deactivate microorganisms and enzymes without heat and chemical additives; hence, it is often termed a "clean and green" technology. However, food quality and safety challenges may arise during cold plasma processing due to potential chemical interactions between the plasma reactive species and food components. This review aims to consolidate and discuss data on the impact of cold plasma on the chemical constituents and physical and functional properties of major food products, including dairy, meat, nuts, fruits, vegetables, and grains. We emphasize how cold plasma induces chemical modification of key food components, such as water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, polyphenols, and volatile organic compounds. Additionally, we discuss changes in color, pH, and organoleptic properties induced by cold plasma treatment and their correlation with chemical modification. Current studies demonstrate that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in cold plasma oxidize proteins, lipids, and bioactive compounds upon direct contact with the food matrix. Reductions in nutrients and bioactive compounds, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, sugars, polyphenols, and vitamins, have been observed in dairy products, vegetables, fruits, and beverages following cold plasma treatment. Furthermore, structural alterations and the generation of volatile and non-volatile oxidation products were observed, impacting the color, flavor, and texture of food products. However, the effects on dry foods, such as seeds and nuts, are comparatively less pronounced. Overall, this review highlights the drawbacks, challenges, and opportunities associated with cold plasma treatment in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bayati
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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3
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Elsherief MF, Devecioglu D, Saleh MN, Karbancioglu-Guler F, Capanoglu E. Chitosan/alginate/pectin biopolymer-based Nanoemulsions for improving the shelf life of refrigerated chicken breast. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130213. [PMID: 38365158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of nanoemulsions and various polymer coatings to enhance the quality and shelf life of chicken breast. This comprehensive study explored the antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the characterization of nanoemulsions (Nes) and nanoemulsion-based coatings. The antimicrobial potential of EOs, such as cinnamon, tea tree, jojoba, thyme, and black cumin seed oil, was evaluated against microorganisms, and thyme oil exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, followed by cinnamon and tea tree oil by disk diffusion analysis. The MIC and MBC values of EOs were found between 0.16-2.5 mg/mL and 0.16-5 mg/mL, respectively, while thyme EO resulted in the lowest values showing its antimicrobial potential. Then, the essential oil nanoemulsions (EONe) and their coatings, formulated with thyme oil, alginate, chitosan, and pectin, were successfully characterized. Optical microscope observations confirmed the uniform distribution of droplets in all (EONe), while particle size analysis demonstrated multimodal droplet size distributions. The EONe-chitosan coating showed the highest efficacy in reducing cooking loss, while the EONe-chitosan, EONe-alginate, and EONe-pectin coatings displayed promising outcomes in preserving color stability. Microbial analysis revealed the significant inhibitory effects of the EONe-chitosan coating against mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, and yeasts, leading to an extended shelf life of chicken breast. These results suggest the potential application of thyme oil and NE-based coatings in various industries for antimicrobial activity and quality preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai F Elsherief
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilara Devecioglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mohamed N Saleh
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye; Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Funda Karbancioglu-Guler
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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4
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Wang Y, Sang X, Cai Z, Zeng L, Deng W, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Wang J. Optimization of cold plasma combined treatment process and its effect on the quality of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) during refrigerated storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2750-2760. [PMID: 37994167 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold plasma exhibits broad applicability in the realm of fish sterilization and preservation. The combination process of plasma-activated water and dielectric barrier discharge (PAW-DBD) was optimized, and its disinfection effects on bass fillets were studied. RESULTS The best conditions for disinfection of PAW-DBD were as follows. Bass fillets were soaked in PAW for 150 s, and then treated by DBD system at 160 kV for 180 s. The total viable count (TVC) reduced by 1.68 log CFU g-1 . On the 15th day of refrigerated storage, TVC of PAW-DBD group was 7.01 log CFU g-1 , while the PAW and DBD group exhibited a TVC of 7.02 and 7.01 log CFU g-1 on day 12; the TVC of the control group was 7.13 log CFU g-1 on day 6. The sensory score, water-holding capacity, and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values of the PAW-DBD group were significantly higher than those of PAW and DBD group (P < 0.05), whereas the TVC, Pseudomonas spp. count, and pH of the group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) during refrigerated storage. CONCLUSION PAW-DBD treatment can enhance the disinfection effect, maintain good quality, and extend the storage period of bass fillets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohan Sang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhicheng Cai
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lixian Zeng
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wentao Deng
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhumao Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiamei Wang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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5
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Oliinychenko YK, Ekonomou SI, Tiwari BK, Stratakos AC. Assessing the Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on the Natural Microbiota and Quality of Pork during Storage. Foods 2024; 13:1015. [PMID: 38611321 PMCID: PMC11011429 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel non-thermal technology with significant potential for use in meat processing to prolong shelf life. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of CAP treatment on the natural microbiota and quality traits of pork stored for 8 days at 4 °C. CAP treatment was applied by employing piezoelectric direct discharge technology to treat pork samples for 0, 3, 6, and 9 min. Reductions of approximately 0.8-1.7 log CFU/g were observed in total viable counts (TVC) and Pseudomonas spp. levels for CAP treatments longer than 3 min, immediately after treatment. A storage study revealed that CAP-treated pork (>6 min) had significantly lower levels of TVC, Pseudomonas spp., and Enterobacteriaceae throughout storage. Regarding quality traits, CAP application for longer than 3 min significantly increased water retention and yellowness and decreased meat redness compared to untreated pork. However, other parameters such as pH, tenderness, and lightness exhibited no statistically significant differences between untreated and CAP-treated pork. Lipid oxidation levels were higher only for the 9-min treatment compared to untreated pork. Our results revealed that CAP is a promising technology that can extend the microbiological shelf life of pork during refrigeration storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelyzaveta K. Oliinychenko
- School of Applied Sciences, College for Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (Y.K.O.); (S.I.E.)
| | - Sotirios I. Ekonomou
- School of Applied Sciences, College for Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (Y.K.O.); (S.I.E.)
| | - Brijesh K. Tiwari
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Alexandros Ch. Stratakos
- School of Applied Sciences, College for Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (Y.K.O.); (S.I.E.)
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Alaguthevar R, Packialakshmi JS, Murugesan B, Rhim JW, Thiyagamoorthy U. In-package cold plasma treatment to extend the shelf life of food. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13318. [PMID: 38532699 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Conventional food preservation methods such as heat treatment, irradiation, chemical treatment, refrigeration, and coating have various disadvantages, like loss of food quality, nutrition, and cost-effectiveness. Accordingly, cold plasma is one of the new technologies for food processing and has played an important role in preventing food spoilage. Specifically, in-package cold plasma has become a modern trend to decontaminate, process, and package food simultaneously. This strategy has proven successful in processing various fresh food ingredients, including spinach, fruits, vegetables, and meat. In particular, cold plasma treatment within the package reduces the risk of post-processing contamination. Cryoplasm decontamination within packaging has been reported to reduce significantly the microbial load of many foods' spoilage-causing pathogens. However, studies are needed to focus more on the effects of in-package treatments on endogenous enzyme activity, pest control, and removal of toxic pesticide residues. In this review, we comprehensively evaluated the efficacy of in-package low-temperature plasma treatment to extend the shelf life of various foods. The mechanisms by which cold plasma interacts with food were investigated, emphasizing its effects on pathogen reduction, spoilage mitigation, and surface modification. The review also critically assessed the effects of the treatments on food quality, regulatory considerations, and their potential as viable technologies to improve food safety and packaging life. In-package cold plasma treatment could revolutionize food storage when combined with other sophisticated technologies such as nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalakshmi Alaguthevar
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balakrishnan Murugesan
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - UmaMaheshwari Thiyagamoorthy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ADAC & RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ivane NMA, Haruna SA, Wang W, Ma Q, Wang J, Liu Y, Sun J. Characterization, antioxidant activity and potential application fractionalized Szechuan pepper on fresh beef meat as natural preservative. Meat Sci 2024; 208:109383. [PMID: 37948957 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The pericarp of Szechuan pepper is rich in phenols and alkylamides, making it a potential source of antioxidant compounds. Despite being recognized as the primary antioxidants in Szechuan pepper, there is still limited knowledge about their application in real food systems. This study aims to identify, separate, and apply polyphenol and alkylamide fractions derived from Szechuan extracts to beef meat. Using HPLC-MS2, we identified 5 phenols and 11 alkylamides in Szechuan extracts. The quality of the minced meat was evaluated based on color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes, carbonyl content, Sulfhydryl content, microbiological content, and total volatile basic nitrogen content (TVB-N). Compared to the polyphenol fraction (1.25 mg/mL), alkylamide fraction (25 mg/mL), and control samples, beef samples incorporated with the polyphenol fraction (6.25 mg/mL) significantly reduced carbonyl content, TBARS, and TVB-N values at the end of storage. Furthermore, they exhibited a significant slowdown in microbial development, improved meat color stability, and preserved pH. Therefore, the use of Szechuan pepper fractions as natural preservatives in meat and meat products is an important area of research and has the potential to enhance the safety and quality of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngouana Moffo A Ivane
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Lianchi, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Potato Processing, Hebei 076576, China
| | - Suleiman A Haruna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Lianchi, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Centre of Agricultural Products Processing, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qianyun Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Lianchi, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Centre of Agricultural Products Processing, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Lianchi, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Centre of Agricultural Products Processing, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Lianchi, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Centre of Agricultural Products Processing, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Lianchi, Baoding 071000, China.
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Lee Y, Yoon Y. Principles and Applications of Non-Thermal Technologies for Meat Decontamination. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:19-38. [PMID: 38229860 PMCID: PMC10789560 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Meat contains high-value protein compounds that might degrade as a result of oxidation and microbial contamination. Additionally, various pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms can grow in meat. Moreover, contamination with pathogenic microorganisms above the infectious dose has caused foodborne illness outbreaks. To decrease the microbial population, traditional meat preservation methods such as thermal treatment and chemical disinfectants are used, but it may have limitations for the maintenance of meat quality or the consumers acceptance. Thus, non-thermal technologies (e.g., high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, non-thermal plasma, pulsed light, supercritical carbon dioxide technology, ozone, irradiation, ultraviolet light, and ultrasound) have emerged to improve the shelf life and meat safety. Non-thermal technologies are becoming increasingly important because of their advantages in maintaining low temperature, meat nutrition, and short processing time. Especially, pulsed light and pulsed electric field treatment induce few sensory and physiological changes in high fat and protein meat products, making them suitable for the application. Many research results showed that these non-thermal technologies may keep meat fresh and maintain heat-sensitive elements in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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9
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Wei S, Wang X, Zhang J. Effects and Mechanisms of Non-Thermal Plasma-Mediated ROS and Its Applications in Animal Husbandry and Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15889. [PMID: 37958872 PMCID: PMC10648079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is an ionized gas composed of neutral and charged reactive species, electric fields, and ultraviolet radiation. NTP presents a relatively low discharge temperature because it is characterized by the fact that the temperature values of ions and neutral particles are much lower than that of electrons. Reactive species (atoms, radicals, ions, electrons) are produced in NTP and delivered to biological objects induce a set of biochemical processes in cells or tissues. NTP can mediate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in an intensity- and time-dependent manner. ROS homeostasis plays an important role in animal health. Relatively low or physiological levels of ROS mediated by NTP promote cell proliferation and differentiation, while high or excessive levels of ROS mediated by NTP cause oxidative stress damage and even cell death. NTP treatment under appropriate conditions not only produces moderate levels of exogenous ROS directly and stimulates intracellular ROS generation, but also can regulate intracellular ROS levels indirectly, which affect the redox state in different cells and tissues of animals. However, the treatment condition of NTP need to be optimized and the potential mechanism of NTP-mediated ROS in different biological targets is still unclear. Over the past ten decades, interest in the application of NTP technology in biology and medical sciences has been rapidly growing. There is significant optimism that NTP can be developed for a wide range of applications such as wound healing, oral treatment, cancer therapy, and biomedical materials because of its safety, non-toxicity, and high efficiency. Moreover, the combined application of NTP with other methods is currently a hot research topic because of more effective effects on sterilization and anti-cancer abilities. Interestingly, NTP technology has presented great application potential in the animal husbandry field in recent years. However, the wide applications of NTP are related to different and complicated mechanisms, and whether NTP-mediated ROS play a critical role in its application need to be clarified. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the effects of ROS on animal health, the mechanisms of NTP-mediated ROS levels through antioxidant clearance and ROS generation, and the potential applications of NTP-mediated ROS in animal growth and breeding, animal health, animal-derived food safety, and biomedical fields including would healing, oral treatment, cancer therapy, and biomaterials. This will provide a theoretical basis for promoting the healthy development of animal husbandry and the prevention and treatment of diseases in both animals and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
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10
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Jayasena DD, Kang T, Wijayasekara KN, Jo C. Innovative Application of Cold Plasma Technology in Meat and Its Products. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:1087-1110. [PMID: 37969327 PMCID: PMC10636222 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable food production and the rising consumer preference for fresh, healthy, and safe food products have been driving the need for innovative methods for processing and preserving food. In the meat industry, this demand has led to the development of new interventions aimed at extending the shelf life of meats and its products while maintaining their quality and nutritional value. Cold plasma has recently emerged as a subject of great interest in the meat industry due to its potential to enhance the microbiological safety of meat and its products. This review discusses the latest research on the possible application of cold plasma in the meat processing industry, considering its effects on various quality attributes and its potential for meat preservation and enhancement. In this regard, many studies have reported substantial antimicrobial efficacy of cold plasma technology in beef, pork, lamb and chicken, and their products with negligible changes in their physicochemical attributes. Further, the application of cold plasma in meat processing has shown promising results as a potential novel curing agent for cured meat products. Understanding the mechanisms of action and the interactions between cold plasma and food ingredients is crucial for further exploring the potential of this technology in the meat industry, ultimately leading to the development of safe and high-quality meat products using cold plasma technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh D. Jayasena
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa
University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Taemin Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Kaushalya N. Wijayasekara
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa
University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and
Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
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11
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Hadinoto K, Yang H, Zhang T, Cullen PJ, Prescott S, Trujillo FJ. The antimicrobial effects of mist spraying and immersion on beef samples with plasma-activated water. Meat Sci 2023; 200:109165. [PMID: 36958246 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of plasma-activated water (PAW) as an antimicrobial agent to inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium on chilled beef during meat washing was evaluated. Two meat washing methods, spraying and immersion, were evaluated at contact times of 15, 30 and 60 s and meat storage times of 0, 1 and 7 days. The temperature of PAW was elevated to 55 °C for washing as it increased the microbial inactivation compared to ambient temperature. At the contact time of 60 s and meat storage time of 7 days, PAW spraying and immersion achieved 0.737-log10 and 0.710-log10 reductions against Salmonella Typhimurium, respectively; there were no significant differences between both washing methods, with spraying being preferred for commercial implementation. Compared to untreated and water-treated samples, meat washing with PAW alone improved the S. Typhimurium inactivation and did not cause negative impacts on the lightness and hue angle values, TBARS value, water holding capacity and pH. However, PAW reduced the redness, yellowness and chroma values with the decreased oxymyoglobin values of 44.1% at the storage time of 1 day. PAW spraying at 55 °C followed by additional water washing at 25 °C for 60 s achieved 0.696-log10 reduction and mitigated a reduction in (i) the redness value, from 11.3 to 18.2, (ii) the yellowness value, from 9.19 to 11.1, and (iii) the chroma value, from 14.5 to 21.3, without displaying colour differences (∆E), as detected by human eyes, compared to water-treated samples. Moreover, the content of myoglobin forms was maintained by additional water washing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanxia Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Patrick J Cullen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Australia
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12
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Roshanak S, Maleki M, Sani MA, Tavassoli M, Pirkhezranian Z, Shahidi F. The impact of cold plasma innovative technology on quality and safety of refrigerated hamburger: Analysis of microbial safety and physicochemical properties. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 388:110066. [PMID: 36610235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) is an innovative non-thermal decontamination technology that is considered a great alternative to conventional preservation methods. Most importantly, improving microbial safety along with maintaining the sensory and quality properties of the treated foods, especially for perishable products. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of novel dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and Jet cold plasma systems and their impact on the physicochemical, color, and sensory properties of refrigerated hamburger samples. In the current study, hamburger samples were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Molds and Yeasts microbial suspension (~106 CFU/mL), and then were treated with argon (Ar), helium (He), nitrogen (N), and atmosphere (Atm) gases at different times (s) (0, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360). Similarly, uninoculated samples were considered for total viable count (TVC) testing. The results exhibited that plasma system type, gas type, and treatment time had a significant antimicrobial effect with a microbial reduction ranging from 0.01 to 2 log CFU/g and 0.04-1.5 log CFU/g for DBD and Jet plasma systems, respectively. Also, a treatment time longer than 90 s for DBD and 180 s for jet resulted in a significant reduction in microbial count. The ability of atmospheric cold plasma to inactivate tested foodborne pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) was stronger than other gases because the concentration of O3 and NO gases in atmospheric plasma is higher than other used plasma gases. Surface color measurements (L*, a* and b*) of samples in both methods (DBD and Jet) were not significantly affected. Moreover, samples treated with various plasma gases have indicated insignificant oxidation changes (Thiobarbituric acid assay). These outcomes can assist to reduce microbial contamination and oxidation of hamburgers as a high-consumption and perishable product using ACP technology. Owing to the non-thermal nature of ACP, samples treated with ACP have exhibited no or least effects on the physical, chemical, and sensory features of various food products. As a result, cold plasma innovative technology can be proposed and used as an efficient preservative method to increase the shelf life of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Roshanak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Maleki
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Tavassoli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zana Pirkhezranian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fakhri Shahidi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Subrahmanyam K, Gul K, Sehrawat R, Allai FM. Impact of in-package cold plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties and shelf life of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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14
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Zhu W, Tan G, Han M, Bu Y, Li X, Li J. Evaluating the effects of plasma-activated slightly acidic electrolyzed water on bacterial inactivation and quality attributes of Atlantic salmon fillets. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2023.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Hassoun A, Anusha Siddiqui S, Smaoui S, Ucak İ, Arshad RN, Bhat ZF, Bhat HF, Carpena M, Prieto MA, Aït-Kaddour A, Pereira JA, Zacometti C, Tata A, Ibrahim SA, Ozogul F, Camara JS. Emerging Technological Advances in Improving the Safety of Muscle Foods: Framing in the Context of the Food Revolution 4.0. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2149776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - İ̇lknur Ucak
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Rai Naveed Arshad
- Institute of High Voltage & High Current, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zuhaib F. Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, SKUASTof Jammu, Jammu, Kashmir, India
| | - Hina F. Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, SKUASTof Kashmir, Kashmir, India
| | - María Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Bragança, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge A.M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Carmela Zacometti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - José S. Camara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
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16
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Effect of Cold-Plasma-Treated Phosphate Solution to Substitute Partial Nitrite on the Color, Texture, and Flavor of Smoked Sausage. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120794. [PMID: 36551000 PMCID: PMC9774416 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several alternative technologies to nitrite use in meat products, including cold plasma. In this study, a cold-plasma-treated phosphate solution was added to smoked sausage, as a new ingredient. Subsequently, the color, texture, and flavor of the samples were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with nitrite (0.075 g/kg nitrite added to sausage), the addition of 30~90% nitrite and cold-plasma-treated phosphate solution had no significant effect on the a* value or the relative content of oxygenated myoglobin (p > 0.05). The amount of residual nitrite in the smoked sausage prepared with the addition of 30~70% nitrite and cold-plasma-treated phosphate solution was significantly lower than that of the nitrite-treated group. The addition of nitrite combined with cold-plasma-treated phosphate solution had no significant effects on the texture (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience) or the sensory evaluation of the smoked sausage. A total of 69 volatile compounds were detected, and 20 of them had VIP (Variable Importance Plot) scores higher than one. In conclusion, cold plasma treatment represents a potential technology to partially substitute nitrite. This study provides new methods for the application of this nitrite substitute.
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17
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Galassi A, Ferrucci L, Costanzi M, Vallone L. Atmosferic pressure non-thermal plasma: Preliminary investigation. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 11:10043. [PMID: 36590021 PMCID: PMC9795819 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2022.10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial activity of atmosferic pressure non-thermal plasma (APNTP) was assessed for bacterial, yeast and mold strains. This investigation is to be considered preliminary: a second step is envisaged in which the efficacy of the technique and the device will be assessed directly on food of animal and plant origin. The strains (ATCC or wild type) of Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli, Salmonella thyphimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis (bacteria); Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium graminearum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium roqueforti, Rhizopus nigricans (moulds); Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans (yeasts) were subjected to plasma plume generated by the action of electric fields with a gas mixture (oxygen and helium) delivered for 5 min at a distance of 2 cm. Types of experiments were listed as following: microorganism at concentration 1×10^8 and 1×104 cfu on PCA (Plate Count Agar); Listeria innocua and Salmonella thiphymurium at concentration 1×10^4 cfu on semi-synthetic and synthetic medium; mycetes (moulds and yeasts) at concentration 1×10^8 and 1×10^4 cfu on SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar). The results obtained on the bacteria subjected to atmospheric cold plasma were evident on all the strains tested except for Proteus mirabilis (1×10^8 cfu), most evident at a concentration of 1×10^4 cfu, not only on culture media PCA but also on semi-synthetic medium and jelly meat-PCA medium. In spite of bacterial results, treatment with plasma plume did not decrease or inhibit of fungal growth. That means plasma plume was neither fungicidal nor fungistatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Vallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi,Dipartimento VESPA, Via dell’Università n. 9, Lodi, Italy. Tel. +39250334312.
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18
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Zhao Y, Meng Z, Shao L, Dai R, Li X, Jia F. Employment of cold atmospheric plasma in chilled chicken breasts and the analysis of microbial diversity after the shelf-life storage. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Non-thermal techniques and the “hurdle” approach: How is food technology evolving? Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Gabrić D, Kurek M, Ščetar M, Brnčić M, Galić K. Effect of Non-Thermal Food Processing Techniques on Selected Packaging Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235069. [PMID: 36501462 PMCID: PMC9741052 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade both scientific and industrial community focuses on food with the highest nutritional and organoleptic quality, together with appropriate safety. Accordingly, strong efforts have been made in finding appropriate emerging technologies for food processing and packaging. Parallel to this, an enormous effort is also made to decrease the negative impact of synthetic polymers not only on food products (migration issues) but on the entire environment (pollution). The science of packaging is also subjected to changes, resulting in development of novel biomaterials, biodegradable or not, with active, smart, edible and intelligent properties. Combining non-thermal processing with new materials opens completely new interdisciplinary area of interest for both food and material scientists. The aim of this review article is to give an insight in the latest research data about synergies between non-thermal processing technologies and selected packaging materials/concepts.
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21
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Assessment of the Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) on the Hairtail ( Trichiurus lepturus) Quality under Cold Storage Conditions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223683. [PMID: 36429278 PMCID: PMC9689270 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is a novel non-thermal preservation method that extends the shelf-life of food. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of CAP on the quality parameters of hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) during cold storage conditions (at 4 °C and RH range 45−55%). For that reason, different quality parameters including the total bacteria count (TBC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances value (TBARS), color, texture, and sensory evaluation have been measured. The hairtail was exposed to CAP at 50 kV voltage for 2, 3, 4, and 5 min. The results showed that the samples treated with CAP at 50 kV for 5 min had significantly lower (p < 0.05) TBC (7.04 ± 0.26 log CFU/g) compared with the control sample (8.69 ± 0.06 log CFU/g). Similar results were found concerning TVB-N, which strongly decreased in the treated samples (16.63 ± 0.03 mg N/100 g) in comparison with the control sample (22.79 ± 0.03 mg N/100 g). In addition, the CAP-treated samples had lower (p < 0.05) changes in color than those of the control group. With reference to the sensory evaluation, the shelf-life of CAP-treated samples (at 50 kV for 5 min) was longer than the untreated samples by about 6 days. These results led us to the conclusion that CAP can effectively delay spoilage and deterioration, slow the rise in pH, and maintain the sensory attributes of hairtail during cold storage conditions.
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22
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Wang J, Fu T, Wang Y, Zhang J. Effects of High-Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma Treatment on Microbiological and Quality Characters of Tilapia Fillets. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162398. [PMID: 36010396 PMCID: PMC9407128 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold plasma (CP) has become an alternative to conventional thermal processing of food products. In this study, the effect of cold plasma treatment time on the inactivation and quality of tilapia fillets was investigated. The surfaces of tilapia fillets were inoculated with Salmonella enteritis (S. enteritis), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), and a mixture of both before being treated with cold plasma at 70 kV for 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 s. With the extension of treatment time, the number of colonies on the surface of the fillets decreased gradually; after 300 s of cold plasma treatment, S. enteritis and L. monocytogenes populations were reduced by 2.34 log CFU/g and 1.69 log CFU/g, respectively, and the a* value and immobile water content decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while the free water content increased significantly (p < 0.05). TBARS value increased significantly (p < 0.05) to 1.83 mg MDA/kg for 300 s treatment. The carbonyl value and sulfhydryl value of sarcoplasmic protein significantly (p < 0.05) increased and decreased, respectively, as treatment time extension, while no significant changes were found in myofibrillar protein. No significant differences were observed in pH, b* value, elasticity, chewiness, thiol value, and TVB-N value. The results showed that cold plasma had an inactivation effect on tilapia fillets and could preserve their original safety indicators. It was concluded that CP treatment could be used as an effective non-thermal method to maintain the quality of tilapia fillets and extend their shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Tengfei Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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23
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Wang J, Fu T, Sang X, Liu Y. Effects of high voltage atmospheric cold plasma treatment on microbial diversity of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fillets treated during refrigeration. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 375:109738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Souza VR, Illera AE, Keener KM. High voltage atmospheric cold plasma technology as a food safety intervention for decontamination of cutting tools during ready-to-eat poultry meat slicing. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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A comprehensive study on decontamination of food-borne microorganisms by cold plasma. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100098. [PMID: 35769398 PMCID: PMC9235041 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food-borne microorganisms are one of the biggest concern in food industry. Food-borne microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Hepatitis A are commonly found in food products and can cause severe ailments in human beings. Hence, disinfection of food is performed before packaging is performed to sterilize food. Traditional methods for disinfection of microorganisms are based on chemical, thermal, radiological and physical principles. They are highly successful, but they are complex and require more time and energy to accomplish the procedure. Cold plasma is a new technique in the field of food processing. CP treatments has no or very low effect on physical, chemical and nutritional properties of food products. This paper reviews the effect of plasma processing on food products such as change in colour, texture, pH level, protein, carbohydrate, and vitamins. Cold plasma by being a versatile, effective, economical and environmentally friendly method provides unique advantages over commercial food processing technologies for disinfection of food.
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Emerging Trends for Nonthermal Decontamination of Raw and Processed Meat: Ozonation, High-Hydrostatic Pressure and Cold Plasma. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152173. [PMID: 35892759 PMCID: PMC9330470 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat may contain natural, spoilage, and pathogenic microorganisms based on the origin and characteristics of its dietary matrix. Several decontamination substances are used during or after meat processing, which include chlorine, organic acids, inorganic phosphates, benzoates, propionates, bacteriocins, or oxidizers. Unfortunately, traditional decontamination methods are often problematic because of their adverse impact on the quality of the raw carcass or processed meat. The extended shelf-life of foods is a response to the pandemic trend, whereby consumers are more likely to choose durable products that can be stored for a longer period between visits to food stores. This includes changing purchasing habits from “just in time” products “for now” to “just in case” products, a trend that will not fade away with the end of the pandemic. To address these concerns, novel carcass-decontamination technologies, such as ozone, high-pressure processing and cold atmospheric plasma, together with active and clean label ingredients, have been investigated for their potential applications in the meat industry. Processing parameters, such as exposure time and processing intensity have been evaluated for each type of matrix to achieve the maximum reduction of spoilage microorganism counts without affecting the physicochemical, organoleptic, and functional characteristics of the meat products. Furthermore, combined impact (hurdle concept) was evaluated to enhance the understanding of decontamination efficiency without undesirable changes in the meat products. Most of these technologies are beneficial as they are cost-effective, chemical-free, eco-friendly, easy to use, and can treat foods in sealed packages, preventing the product from post-process contamination. Interestingly, their synergistic combination with other hurdle approaches can help to substitute the use of chemical food preservatives, which is an aspect that is currently quite desirable in the majority of consumers. Nonetheless, some of these techniques are difficult to store, requiring a large capital investment for their installation, while a lack of certification for industrial utilization is also problematic. In addition, most of them suffer from a lack of sufficient data regarding their mode of action for inactivating microorganisms and extending shelf-life stability, necessitating a need for further research in this area.
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Akhtar J, Abrha MG, Teklehaimanot K, Gebrekirstos G. Cold plasma technology: fundamentals and effect on quality of meat and its products. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2095987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Akhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrhit Gebremariam Abrha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Kiros Teklehaimanot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremeskel Gebrekirstos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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28
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Zhang Y, Lei Y, Huang S, Dong X, Huang J, Huang M. In-package cold plasma treatment of braised chicken: voltage effect. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Decontamination of chicken meat using dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma technology: The effect on microbial quality, physicochemical properties, topographical structure, and sensory attributes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Yepez X, Illera AE, Baykara H, Keener K. Recent Advances and Potential Applications of Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma Technology for Sustainable Food Processing. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131833. [PMID: 35804648 PMCID: PMC9265751 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a circular economy, products, waste, and resources are kept in the system as long as possible. This review aims to highlight the importance of cold plasma technology as an alternative solution to some challenges in the food chain, such as the extensive energy demand and the hazardous chemicals used. Atmospheric cold plasma can provide a rich source of reactive gas species such as radicals, excited neutrals, ions, free electrons, and UV light that can be efficiently used for sterilization and decontamination, degrading toxins, and pesticides. Atmospheric cold plasma can also improve the utilization of materials in agriculture and food processing, as well as convert waste into resources. The use of atmospheric cold plasma technology is not without challenges. The wide range of reactive gas species leads to many questions about their safety, active life, and environmental impact. Additionally, the associated regulatory approval process requires significant data demonstrating its efficacy. Cold plasma generation requires a specific reliable system, process control monitoring, scalability, and worker safety protections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Yepez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alba E. Illera
- Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Haci Baykara
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador;
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Center of Nanotechnology Research and Development (CIDNA), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Kevin Keener
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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Thwala T, Madoroba E, Maliehe TS, Magwedere K, Basson AK, Butaye P. Antimicrobial Resistance, Enterotoxin and mec Gene Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Beef-Based Protein Sources from KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061211. [PMID: 35744729 PMCID: PMC9228960 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, approximately 23,000 cases of food poisoning by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins are reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and characterize S. aureus on beef and beef products in South Africa. Organ meats (n = 169), raw processed meat (n = 110), raw intact (n = 53), and ready-to-eat meats (n = 68) were obtained from 25 retail outlets. S. aureus was isolated and enumerated according to the ISO 6888-1 method. Identification of the strains was performed by MALDI-TOF MS. The antimicrobial resistance was determined using the disc diffusion test. The presence of methicillin-resistance genes and the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR. Prevalence was low (13/400; CI 1.7–5) and all but one positive sample were from organ meats. Eight isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Two isolates carried the mecC gene. All the isolates tested positive for seg, seh, sei, and sep, whilst 53.8% were positive for sea. None of the isolates was positive for ser, sej, seb, sec, or sed. The prevalence of S. aureus was low, with organ meats being the most contaminated. The presence of mecC-positive MRSA and of enterotoxins warrants further investigation and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thembeka Thwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (T.S.M.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (T.S.M.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Tsolanku S. Maliehe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (T.S.M.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Kudakwashe Magwedere
- Directorate of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Albert K. Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (T.S.M.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Correspondence:
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Sammanee P, Ngamsanga P, Jainonthee C, Chupia V, Sawangrat C, Kerdjana W, Lampang KN, Meeyam T, Pichpol D. Decontamination of Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria on Pork and Chicken Meat by Liquid Plasma Immersion. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121743. [PMID: 35741942 PMCID: PMC9222538 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we aimed to reduce the bacterial loads of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in pork and chicken meat with skin by applying cold plasma in a liquid state or liquid plasma. The results showed reductions in S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, E. coli, and C. jejuni on the surface of pork and chicken meat after 15 min of liquid plasma treatment on days 0, 3, 7, and 10. However, the efficacy of the reduction in S. aureus was lower after day 3 of the experiment. Moreover, P. aeruginosa could not be inactivated under the same experimental conditions. The microbial decontamination with liquid plasma did not significantly reduce the microbial load, except for C. jejuni, compared with water immersion. When compared with a control group, the pH value and water activity of pork and chicken samples treated with liquid plasma were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05), with a downward trend that was similar to those of the control and water groups. Moreover, the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values (CIELAB) of the meat decreased. Although the liquid plasma group resulted in an increase in the lightness (L*) values of the pork samples, these values did not significantly change in the chicken samples. This study demonstrated the efficacy of liquid plasma at reducing S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, E. coli, C. jejuni, and S. aureus on the surface of pork and chicken meat during three days of storage at 4–6 °C with minimal undesirable meat characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeramas Sammanee
- Master’s Degree Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phakamas Ngamsanga
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.N.); (C.J.); (T.M.)
| | - Chalita Jainonthee
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.N.); (C.J.); (T.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Vena Chupia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Choncharoen Sawangrat
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Wichan Kerdjana
- Science and Technology Park, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Kanninka Na Lampang
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Tongkorn Meeyam
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.N.); (C.J.); (T.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Duangporn Pichpol
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53948-083 (ext. 117)
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Recent Advances in Cold Plasma Technology for Food Processing. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-022-09317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cold plasmas combined with Ar-based MAP for meatball products: Influence on microbiological shelflife and quality attributes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hernández-Torres CJ, Reyes-Acosta YK, Chávez-González ML, Dávila-Medina MD, Kumar Verma D, Martínez-Hernández JL, Narro-Céspedes RI, Aguilar CN. Recent trends and technological development in plasma as an emerging and promising technology for food biosystems. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1957-1980. [PMID: 35531194 PMCID: PMC9072910 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising need for wholesome, fresh, safe and “minimally-processed” foods has led to pioneering research activities in the emerging non-thermal technology of food processing. Cold plasma is such an innovative and promising technology that offers several potential applications in the food industry. It uses the highly reactive, energetic and charged gas molecules and species to decontaminate the food and package surfaces and preserve the foods without causing thermal damage to the nutritional and quality attributes of food. Cold plasma technology showed promising results about the inactivation of pathogens in the food industry without affecting the food quality. It is highly effective for surface decontamination of fruits and vegetables, but extensive research is required before its commercial utilization. Recent patents are focused on the applications of cold plasma in food processing and preservation. However, further studies are strongly needed to scale up this technology for future commercialization and understand plasma physics for getting better results and expand the applications and benefits. This review summarizes the emerging trends of cold plasma along with its recent applications in the food industry to extend shelf life and improve the quality of food. It also gives an overview of plasma generation and principles including mechanism of action. Further, the patents based on cold plasma technology have also been highlighted comprehensively for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina J. Hernández-Torres
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Yadira K. Reyes-Acosta
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
- Corresponding authors at: Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Miriam D. Dávila-Medina
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Deepak Kumar Verma
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India
- Corresponding authors at: Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India.
| | - José L. Martínez-Hernández
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Rosa I. Narro-Céspedes
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N. Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
- Corresponding authors at: Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India.
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Sriraksha MS, Ayenampudi SB, Noor M, Raghavendra S, Chakka AK. Cold plasma technology: An insight on its disinfection efficiency of various food systems. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2022; 29:428-441. [PMID: 35345915 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221089169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cold plasma technology is considered as one of the novel potential non-thermal techniques for food disinfection. The acceptability of any food product depends upon its physicochemical properties and shelf life. Recent studies have confirmed that plasma can effectively reduce the pathogenic microbes in various food systems. Further, there are reports that cold plasma showed minimal or no effect on the physicochemical and sensory properties of the foods owing to its low-temperature operation. The present review explores the recent reports on cold plasma technology emphasizing its disinfection efficacy on different food categories. Various researchers have demonstrated that plasma successfully reduced the microorganisms on cereals, milk, meat, fish and spices. Therefore, based on the current research, it can be suggested that cold plasma is an effective disinfectant technology for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, and its non-thermal and environmentally friendly nature is an added advantage over traditional processing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sriraksha
- Department of Post Graduate Studies & Research in Food Science, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Surendra Babu Ayenampudi
- Hindustan Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be university), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mizna Noor
- Department of Post Graduate Studies & Research in Food Science, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S.N. Raghavendra
- Department of Post Graduate Studies & Research in Food Science, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Chakka
- Department of Post Graduate Studies & Research in Food Science, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ott LC, Jochum J, Burrough L, Clark S, Keener K, Mellata M. High voltage atmospheric cold plasma inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh Queso Fresco cheese. Food Microbiol 2022; 105:104007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhou R, Rezaeimotlagh A, Zhou R, Zhang T, Wang P, Hong J, Soltani B, Mai-Prochnow A, Liao X, Ding T, Shao T, Thompson EW, Ostrikov K(K, Cullen PJ. In-package plasma: From reactive chemistry to innovative food preservation technologies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hood C, Rios de Souza V, Keener K, Marangoni AG, Pensini E. Effect of metal salts on high‐voltage atmospheric cold plasma‐induced polymerization of acrylamide. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hood
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada
| | | | - Kevin Keener
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada
| | | | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada
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Csadek I, Paulsen P, Weidinger P, Bak KH, Bauer S, Pilz B, Nowotny N, Smulders FJM. Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121333. [PMID: 34947864 PMCID: PMC8709485 DOI: 10.3390/life11121333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral contamination of edible bivalves is a major food safety issue. We studied the virucidal effect of a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) source on two virologically different surrogate viruses [a double-stranded DNA virus (Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, EHV-1), and a single-stranded RNA virus (Bovine coronavirus, BCoV)] suspended in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM). A 15 min exposure effectuated a statistically significant immediate reduction in intact BCoV viruses by 2.8 (ozone-dominated plasma, “low power”) or 2.3 log cycles (nitrate-dominated, “high power”) of the initial viral load. The immediate effect of CAP on EHV-1 was less pronounced, with “low power” CAP yielding a 1.4 and “high power” a 1.0 log reduction. We observed a decline in glucose contents in DMEM, which was most probably caused by a Maillard reaction with the amino acids in DMEM. With respect to the application of the virucidal CAP treatment in oyster production, we investigated whether salt water could be sanitized. CAP treatment entailed a significant decline in pH, below the limits acceptable for holding oysters. In oyster slurry (a surrogate for live oysters), CAP exposure resulted in an increase in total nitrogen, and, to a lower extent, in nitrate and nitrite; this was most probably caused by absorption of nitrate from the plasma gas cloud. We could not observe a change in colour, indicative for binding of NOx to haemocyanin, although this would be a reasonable assumption. Further studies are necessary to explore in which form this additional nitrogen is deposited in oyster flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Csadek
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1250-77-3325
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (N.N.)
| | - Kathrine H. Bak
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Susanne Bauer
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Brigitte Pilz
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (N.N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frans J. M. Smulders
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
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Paula Rossi A, Lahis Kalschne D, Paula Iglikowski Byler A, Lisandro de Moraes Flores E, Donizeti Leite O, Dos Santos D, Smanioto Barin J, Canan C. Effect of ultrasound and chlorine dioxide on Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli inactivation in poultry chiller tank water. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 80:105815. [PMID: 34736115 PMCID: PMC8571780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the application of ultrasound alone or combined with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli inactivation in poultry processing chiller tank water. A Full Factorial Design (FFD) 22 was conducted for each microorganism to evaluate the effect of ultrasound exposure time (x1: 1 to 9 min; fixed: 37 kHz; 330 W; 25 °C) using a bath, and ClO2 concentration (x2: 1 to 17 mg L-1) on microorganism count expressed in log CFU mL-1 in distilled water. Variable x2 had a negative effect on Salmonella Typhimurium (-5.09) and Escherichia coli (-2.00) count, improving the inactivation; while a x1 increase present no inactivation improvement, explaining the use of x1 lower level (1 min) and x2 higher level (17 mg L-1). The best condition for microorganism inactivation based on FFD was evaluated in chiller tank water (with organic matter) at 25, 16, and 4 °C; x1 was kept (1 min), however x2 was adjusted to obtain the same residual free chlorine (2.38 mg L-1) considering the ClO2 consumption by organic matter, achieving the value of 30 mg L-1. An inactivation of 49% and 31% were observed for Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. When ultrasound was replaced by a simple agitation in the presence of ClO2, there was no inactivation for both microorganisms. Moreover, at poultry carcass pre-chilling (16 °C) and chilling (4 °C) conditions, the synergism of ultrasound combined with ClO2 was more pronounced, with microorganisms' reductions up to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Rossi
- Departamento de Alimentos, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência, 85884-000 Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Daneysa Lahis Kalschne
- Departamento de Alimentos, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência, 85884-000 Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Iglikowski Byler
- Departamento de Alimentos, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência, 85884-000 Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eder Lisandro de Moraes Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência, 85884-000 Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Oldair Donizeti Leite
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência, 85884-000 Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Smanioto Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Canan
- Departamento de Alimentos, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência, 85884-000 Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil.
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Speranza B, Racioppo A, Bevilacqua A, Buzzo V, Marigliano P, Mocerino E, Scognamiglio R, Corbo MR, Scognamiglio G, Sinigaglia M. Innovative Preservation Methods Improving the Quality and Safety of Fish Products: Beneficial Effects and Limits. Foods 2021; 10:2854. [PMID: 34829142 PMCID: PMC8622261 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish products are highly perishable, requiring proper processing to maintain their quality and safety during the entire storage. Different from traditional methods used to extend the shelf-life of these products (smoking, salting, marinating, icing, chilling, freezing, drying, boiling, steaming, etc.), in recent years, some alternative methods have been proposed as innovative processing technologies able to guarantee the extension of their shelf-life while minimally affecting their organoleptic properties. The present review aims to describe the primary mechanisms of some of these innovative methods applied to preserve quality and safety of fish products; namely, non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), pulsed light (PL), ultrasounds (US) and electrolyzed water (EW) are analysed, focusing on the main results of the studies published over the last 10 years. The limits and the benefits of each method are addressed in order to provide a global overview about these promising emerging technologies and to facilitate their greater use at industrial level. In general, all the innovative methods analysed in this review have shown a good effectiveness to control microbial growth in fish products maintaining their organoleptic, nutritional and sensory characteristics. Most of the technologies have also shown the great advantage to have a lower energy consumption and shorter production times. In contrast, not all the methods are in the same development stage; thus, we suggest further investigations to develop one (or more) hurdle-like non-thermal method able to meet both food production requirements and the modern consumers' demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Speranza
- Department of Agriculture Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.S.); (A.R.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Angela Racioppo
- Department of Agriculture Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.S.); (A.R.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Department of Agriculture Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.S.); (A.R.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Veronica Buzzo
- UNCI AGROALIMENTARE, Via San Sotero 32, 00165 Roma, Italy; (V.B.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Piera Marigliano
- UNCI AGROALIMENTARE, Via San Sotero 32, 00165 Roma, Italy; (V.B.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Ester Mocerino
- UNCI AGROALIMENTARE, Via San Sotero 32, 00165 Roma, Italy; (V.B.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Raffaella Scognamiglio
- UNCI AGROALIMENTARE, Via San Sotero 32, 00165 Roma, Italy; (V.B.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of Agriculture Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.S.); (A.R.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Gennaro Scognamiglio
- UNCI AGROALIMENTARE, Via San Sotero 32, 00165 Roma, Italy; (V.B.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Department of Agriculture Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.S.); (A.R.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.)
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Tagrida M, Benjakul S, Zhang B. Use of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) ethanolic extract in combination with modified atmospheric packaging and nonthermal plasma for shelf-life extension of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5226-5239. [PMID: 34766340 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fish is perishable and has the short shelf-life. To maintain its quality, it is necessary to implement the appropriate technology, particularly nonthermal processing along with safe additive, especially from plant origin under the concept of "hurdle technology". The use of potential vesicle including liposome for loading the plant extract could be a means to enhance the stability and activities of the extract. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of liposomes loaded with betel leaf ethanolic extract (L/BLEEs) or unencapsulated BLEE (U/BLEE) in conjunction with modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) and nonthermal plasma (NTP) on the quality changes and shelf-life of Nile tilapia fillets (TFs) stored under refrigerated condition (4°C). TFs treated with L/BLEE or U/BLEE at 400 ppm, packed under modified atmosphere (CO2 :Ar:O2 = 60:30:10) and subjected to NTP for 300 s (L/BLEE-400/MAP-NTP and U/BLEE-400/MAP-NTP, respectively) had the lowest microbial and chemical changes during storage, while the control showed the highest changes (p < 0.05). Lipid oxidation was lower in these samples, ascertained by more retained polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower lipid oxidation based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Overall likeness scores were similar (p > 0.05) between all the samples at day 0 of storage. Only L/BLEE-400/MAP-NTP and U/BLEE-400/MAP-NTP were still sensorially acceptable after 12 days at 4°C. Therefore, L/BLEE or U/BLEE combined with MAP/NTP treatment could be adopted as a potent hurdle for shelf-life extension of TFs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Natural additives and nonthermal processing technologies have gained increasing interest for preservation of fish. Liposomes loaded with betel leaf ethanolic extract (L/BLEE) rich in polyphenolics could be used together with modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) and nonthermal plasma (NTP) to retard bacterial growth and chemical deterioration in Nile tilapia fillets. These hurdles were proven to be able to maintain the qualities of tilapia fillets stored at 4°C up to 12 days, especially when L/BLEE was used at 400 ppm. Therefore, shelf-life extension of Nile tilapia fillets or other fish can be achieved by using the natural additive and nonthermal processing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tagrida
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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Soro AB, Noore S, Hannon S, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, O’Donnell C, Tiwari BK. Current sustainable solutions for extending the shelf life of meat and marine products in the packaging process. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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González-González CR, Labo-Popoola O, Delgado-Pando G, Theodoridou K, Doran O, Stratakos AC. The effect of cold atmospheric plasma and linalool nanoemulsions against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on ready-to-eat chicken meat. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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47
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Application of cold plasma technology in the food industry and its combination with other emerging technologies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Manoharan D, Radhakrishnan M. Computational cold plasma dynamics and its potential application in food processing. REV CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cold plasma is a novel nonthermal technology that has been used for preserving and maintaining the quality of food materials. Researchers developed numerous cold plasma equipment to study the effect of plasma on food materials; however, the degree of processing such as flow of plasma species from the source of plasma to the food material and their interaction/diffusion into the food, differs with respect to the equipment. The computational study can simulate the flow dynamics of plasma which in turn can improve the efficiency of processing and design aspects. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the most reliable, cost-effective, and robust numerical tool used for simulating various high-end food processing technologies. In cold plasma processing, computational study aids in revealing the distribution of reactive species and their flow dynamics on the target surface. As CFD studies on plasma interaction with food materials are not available, this review is focused on covering the basics of using CFD in cold plasma simulation. It also explores the significant use of CFD in cold plasma simulation in various sectors along with its possible and futuristic applications in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharini Manoharan
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal Processing Technology , Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India , Thanjavur 613005 , India
| | - Mahendran Radhakrishnan
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal Processing Technology , Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India , Thanjavur 613005 , India
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Wan Z, Misra N, Li G, Keener KM. High voltage atmospheric cold plasma treatment of Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli K-12 on Queso Fresco (fresh cheese). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kaur Sidhu P, Nehra K. Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Potent Antimicrobial Peptides against Food Pathogens. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.95747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An ever-growing demand for food products with minimal chemical additives has generated a necessity for exploring new alternatives for food preservation. In this context, more recently, bacteriocins, the peptides having antimicrobial property, synthesized ribosomally by numerous bacteria have been attracting a lot of attention. They are known to possess the potential to restrict the growth of microorganisms causing food spoilage without causing any harm to the bacteria themselves owing to the presence of self-defensive proteins. In particular, the bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria have been considered harmless and safe for consumption and are indicated to evade the development of unwanted bacteria. Use of bacteriocins as biopreservatives has been studied in various food industries, and they have been established to elevate the shelf life of minimally processed food items by exerting killing mechanism. They restrict the growth of undesirable bacteria by breaking the target cell membrane and finally resulting into pore formation. The current article provides an insight on bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria, their biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and promising applications of these antimicrobial peptides in the food sector.
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