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Liu R, Luo D, Gao J, Li K, Liu C, Qi X, Cui H, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang X, Gao Y, Gao L. A Novel Variant of Avian Reovirus Is Pathogenic to Vaccinated Chickens. Viruses 2023; 15:1800. [PMID: 37766207 PMCID: PMC10538029 DOI: 10.3390/v15091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infections, characterized by severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis, and poor weight gain, have become increasingly serious in recent years. The economic impact is significant as it causes growth inhibition and immunosuppression. Some commercial poultry in China have been widely vaccinated with available ARV vaccines; however, infections continue to occur even after vaccination. This study aimed to isolate a novel variant, ARV-SD19/11103, from the joint tissues of infected broiler chickens vaccinated with ARV vaccines in Shandong Province. Genetic evolution analysis of the major protective antigen σC gene in ARVs showed that ARV-SD19/11103 was located in the genotype cluster I but not in the same sub-cluster as the S1133 vaccine strain. The amino acid sequence similarity between SD19/11103 and vaccine strains S1133, 1733, and 2408 was <80%. After analyzing the amino acid sequences of the σC protein, 33 amino acid differences were found between the new variant isolate and the vaccine strains. This novel variant showed obvious pathogenicity in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos and chicks and could cause serious disease in chickens vaccinated with commercially available ARV vaccines. Cross-neutralization experiments further demonstrated a significant antigenic difference between the novel variant and genotype cluster I ARV strains. The novel variant strain isolated in this study provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the prevalence and genetic evolutionary characteristics of ARV variant strains in our country. This study identified the causes of ARVs circulating and emphasizes the needs for developing new vaccines against novel ARV variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Dan Luo
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jinhui Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Suyan Wang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
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2
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Gál B, Varga-Kugler R, Ihász K, Kaszab E, Domán M, Farkas S, Bányai K. Marked Genotype Diversity among Reoviruses Isolated from Chicken in Selected East-Central European Countries. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2137. [PMID: 37443935 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The concern that the vaccines currently used against Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) infections are less efficient in the field justifies the need for the close monitoring of circulating ARV strains. In this study, we collected necropsy samples from various chicken breeds and tested for ARV by virus isolation, RT-PCR assay and sequence analysis. ARVs were isolated from birds showing runting-stunting syndrome, uneven growth, lameness or increased mortality, with relative detection rates of 38%, 35%, 6% and 25%, respectively. Partial σC gene sequences were determined for nearly 90% of ARV isolates. The isolates could be classified into one of the major genetic clusters. Interestingly, cluster 2 and cluster 5 were isolated from vaccinated broiler breeders, while clusters 1 to 4 were isolated from unvaccinated broilers. The isolates shared less than 75% amino acid identities with the vaccine strains (range, 44.3-74.6%). This study reaffirms the global distribution of the major genetic clusters of ARVs in chicken. The diversity of ARV strains isolated from unvaccinated broilers was greater than those detected from vaccinated animals, however, the relative importance of passive and active immunity on the selection of novel strains in different chicken breeds needs to be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Gál
- Intervet Hungária Kft, Lechner Ödön fasor 10/b, H-1095 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renáta Varga-Kugler
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Ihász
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Domán
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Farkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Siew ZY, Loh A, Segeran S, Leong PP, Voon K. Oncolytic Reoviruses: Can These Emerging Zoonotic Reoviruses Be Tamed and Utilized? DNA Cell Biol 2023. [PMID: 37015068 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthoreovirus is a nonenveloped double-stranded RNA virus under the Reoviridae family. This group of viruses, especially mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV), are reported with great therapeutic values due to their oncolytic effects. In this review, the life cycle and oncolytic effect of MRV and a few emerging reoviruses were summarized. This article also highlights the challenges and strategies of utilizing MRV and the emerging reoviruses, avian orthoreovirus (ARV) and pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV), as oncolytic viruses (OVs). Besides, the emergence of potential ARV and PRV as OVs were discussed in comparison to MRV. Finally, the risk of reovirus as zoonosis or reverse zoonosis (zooanthroponosis) were debated, and concerns were raised in this article, which warrant continue surveillance of reovirus (MRV, ARV, and PRV) in animals, humans, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yun Siew
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Alson Loh
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharrada Segeran
- School of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Pooi Pooi Leong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti of Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Kenny Voon
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
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4
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Liu D, Zou Z, Song S, Liu H, Gong X, Li B, Liu P, Wang Q, Liu F, Luan D, Zhang X, Du Y, Jin M. Epidemiological Analysis of Avian Reovirus in China and Research on the Immune Protection of Different Genotype Strains from 2019 to 2020. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020485. [PMID: 36851362 PMCID: PMC9960544 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) is the primary pathogen responsible for viral arthritis. In this study, 2340 samples with suspected viral arthritis were collected from 2019 to 2020 in 16 provinces of China to investigate the prevalence of ARV in China and to characterize the molecular genetic evolution of epidemic strains. From 113 samples analyzed by RT-PCR, 46 strains of avian reovirus were successfully isolated and identified. The genetic evolution of the σC gene showed that 46 strains were distributed in 1-5 branches, with the largest number of strains in branches 1 and 2. The σC gene homology among the strains was low, with approximately 62% homology in branches 4 and 5 and about 55% in the remaining branches. The strains circulating during the ARV epidemic in different provinces were distributed in different branches. The SPF chickens were immunized with inactivated vaccines containing strains from branches 1 and 4 to analyze the cross-immune protection elicited by different branches of ARV strains. A challenge protection test was performed using strains in branches 1, 2, 4, and 5. Our results showed that inactivated vaccines containing strains from branches 1 and 4 could fully protect from strains in branches 1, 4, and 5. The results of this study revealed the genetic diversity among the endemic strains of ARV in China from 2019 to 2020. Each genotype strain elicited partial cross-protection, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of ARV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Zhong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Xiao Gong
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Bin Li
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Ping Liu
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Qunyi Wang
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Fengbo Liu
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Dongzu Luan
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Yuanzhao Du
- YEBIO Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. of Qingdao, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-87286905
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5
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Lunge VR, De Carli S, Fonseca ASK, Ikuta N. Avian Reoviruses in Poultry Farms from Brazil. Avian Dis 2022; 66:459-464. [PMID: 36715480 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-99998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) is highly disseminated in commercial Brazilian poultry farms, causing arthritis/tenosynovitis, runting-stunting syndrome, and malabsorption syndrome in different meat- and egg-type birds (breeders, broilers, grillers, and layers). In Brazil, ARV infection was first described in broilers in the 1970s but was not considered an important poultry health problem for decades. A more concerning outcome of field infections has been observed in recent years, including condemnations at slaughterhouses because of the unsightly appearance of chicken body parts, mainly the legs. Analyses of the performance of poultry flocks have further evidenced economic losses to farms. Genetic and antigenic characterization of ARV field strains from Brazil demonstrated a high diversity of lineages circulating in the entire country, including four of the five main phylogenetic groups previously described (I, II, III, and V). It is still unclear if all of them are associated with different diseases affecting flocks' performance in Brazilian poultry. ARV infections have been controlled in Brazilian poultry farms by immunization of breeders and young chicks with classical commercial live vaccine strains (S1133, 1733, 2408, and 2177) used elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere. However, genetic and antigenic variations of the field isolates have prevented adequate protection against associated diseases, so killed autogenous vaccines are being produced from isolates obtained on specific farms. In conclusion, ARV field variants are continuously challenging poultry farming in Brazil. Epidemiological surveillance combined with molecular biological analyses from the field samples, as well as the development of vaccine strains directed toward the ARV circulating variants, are necessary to control this economically important poultry pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner R Lunge
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, .,Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia De Carli
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Nilo Ikuta
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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6
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Zhang J, Li T, Wang W, Xie Q, Wan Z, Qin A, Ye J, Shao H. Isolation and Molecular Characteristics of a Novel Recombinant Avian Orthoreovirus From Chickens in China. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:771755. [PMID: 34950724 PMCID: PMC8688761 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of avian orthoreovirus (ARV) has caused significant losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, a novel ARV isolate, designated as AHZJ19, was isolated and identified from domestic chicken with viral arthritis syndrome in China. AHZJ19 can cause typical syncytial cytopathic effect in the chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, LMH. High-throughput sequencing using Illumina technology revealed that the genome size of AHZJ19 is about 23,230 bp, which codes 12 major proteins. Phylogenetic tree analysis found that AHZJ19 was possibly originated from a recombination among Hungarian strains, North American strains, and Chinese strains based on the sequences of the 12 proteins. Notably, the σC protein of AHZJ19 shared only about 50% homology with that of the vaccine strains S1133 and 1733, which also significantly differed from other reported Chinese ARV strains. The isolation and molecular characteristics of AHZJ19 provided novel insights into the molecular epidemiology of ARV and laid the foundation for developing efficient strategies for control of ARV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weikang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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7
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Wang H, Wang Y, Gao B, Zhang S, Diao Y, Tang Y. Evidence of vertical transmission of novel duck orthoreovirus in ducks. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108861. [PMID: 33059276 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 2017, duck spleen necrosis caused by new variant duck orthoreovirus (N-DRV) infection had been observed in several provinces in China. This disease retards the growth and development of ducks, thereby reducing feed return rate. N-DRV infection causes damage to duck spleen and other immune organs, leading to immunosuppression and susceptibility to other pathogens. In this study, we successfully constructed a breeding duck artificial infection model and found that N-DRV infection can cause pathologic changes, such as ovarian hemorrhage, follicle atrophy, and fallopian tube bleeding in breeding ducks, resulting in significantly reduced fertilization rate and egg hatching rate. Viral RNA was present in egg vitelline membrane, duck embryo, and duckling's spleen samples, as determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Autopsy revealed obvious pathologic changes in the spleen and other organs, although there were no obvious early clinical symptoms observed in ducklings. Sequence distance and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that N-DRV-SD19 re-isolated from the spleen samples of ducklings was consistent with the strain N-DRV-XT18 used for infecting breeding ducks. The findings in this study confirmed that N-DRV can be vertically transmitted through eggs, which provide an important reference for the disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Street, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.
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8
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De Carli S, Wolf JM, Gräf T, Lehmann FKM, Fonseca ASK, Canal CW, Lunge VR, Ikuta N. Genotypic characterization and molecular evolution of avian reovirus in poultry flocks from Brazil. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:611-620. [PMID: 32746617 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1804528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) is one of the main causes of infectious arthritis/tenosynovitis and malabsorption syndrome (MAS) in poultry. ARVs have been disseminated in Brazilian poultry flocks in the last years. This study aimed to genotype ARVs and to evaluate the molecular evolution of the more frequent ARV lineages detected in Brazilian poultry-producing farms. A total of 100 poultry flocks with clinical signs of tenosynovitis/MAS, from all Brazilian poultry-producing regions were positive for ARV by PCR. Seventeen bird tissues were submitted to cell culture and ARV RNA detection/genotyping by two PCRs. The phylogenetic classification was based on σC gene alignment using a dataset with other Brazilian and worldwide ARVs sequences. ARVs were specifically detected by both PCRs from the 17 cell cultures, and σC gene partial fragments were sequenced. All these sequences were aligned with a total of 451 ARV σC gene data available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated five well-defined clusters that were classified into lineages I, II, III, IV, and V. Three lineages could be further divided into sub-lineages: I (I vaccine, Ia, Ib), II (IIa, IIb, IIc) and IV (IVa and IVb). Brazilian ARVs were from four lineages/sub-lineages: Ib (48.2%), IIb (22.2%), III (3.7%) and V (25.9%). The Bayesian analysis demonstrated that the most frequent sub-lineage Ib emerged in the world around 1968 and it was introduced into Brazil in 2010, with increasing spread soon after. In conclusion, four different ARV lineages are circulating in Brazilian poultry flocks, all associated with clinical diseases. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS One-hundred ARV-positive flocks were detected in all main poultry-producing regions from Brazil. A large dataset of 468 S1 sequences was constructed and divided ARVs into five lineages. Four lineages/sub-lineages (Ib, IIb, III and V) were detected in commercial poultry flocks from Brazil. Brazilian lineages shared a low identity with the commercial vaccine lineage (I vaccine). Sub-lineage Ib emerged around 1968 and was introduced into Brazil in 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Carli
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jonas Michel Wolf
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Tiago Gräf
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fernanda K M Lehmann
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vagner R Lunge
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil.,Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Brazil
| | - Nilo Ikuta
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil.,Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Brazil
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9
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Zhang X, Lei X, Ma L, Wu J, Bao E. Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of newly emerging avian reovirus from infected chickens with clinical arthritis in China. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5321-5329. [PMID: 31222278 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, emerging avian reovirus (ARV) strains causing viral arthritis have become a challenge to the worldwide chicken industry, and were responsible for significant economic losses. In this study, we characterized emerging variant ARV strains and examined their genetic relationship and pathogenicity variation with reference strains. A total of 18 emerging variant ARV strains were isolated from tendon and capsular synovial fluid of broiler chickens with clinical cases of arthritis/tenosynovitis at commercial farms in China. Comparative analysis based on σC sequence showed that 4/18 isolates were in the same cluster (Cluster 1) as vaccine strains (S1133), whereas 14 of 18 isolates were in Clusters 2, 3, and 6. The field isolates shared a rather low identity (38.1 to 81.9%) with S1133 in Cluster 1, especially for those from Cluster 6 (38.1 to 67.2%). A higher ARV isolation rate was observed in chicken embryos (47/61) compared to cell culture (37/61) through PCR with a detection primer. A total of 3 isolates were selected to infect specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, showing that the tested isolates, especially that from Cluster 6, displayed greater pathogenicity than S1133 strain, characterized by higher incidence. These findings suggest that the virulence of Chinese ARVs has been increasing rapidly in recent years, and the vaccine need to be updated correspondingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangdong Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Tianjin Ruipu Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Endong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Tianjin Ruipu Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300350, China
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10
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Wang H, Gao B, Liu X, Zhang S, Diao Y, Tang Y. Pathogenicity of a variant duck orthoreovirus strain in Cherry Valley Ducklings. Vet Microbiol 2019; 242:108546. [PMID: 32122578 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Since 2017, a disease that is characterized by spleen necrosis and swelling has emerged in China's main meat duck breeding provinces, this disease generally causes a large number of ducks to develop a poor mental state and either an increase or loss of appetite, as well as potentially resulting in death. Necrosis of spleen in this disease weakens the duck's immunity, therefore often leading to secondary infection. The net result of this is significant economic loss to China's duck breeding industry. In our previous research, we determined that the pathogen causing this disease is a new variant duck orthoreovirus (N-DRV). Because the morbidity and mortality rates of the isolate were higher than those of the previously reported strains, 180 healthy 1-day-old Cherry Valley ducklings were selected to be artificially infected in order to determine the pathogenicity of the strain. The weight gains of numbers of the infected group were significantly inhibited after they had been inoculated with the virus, which continued to detoxify in the blood and the cloaca. The main target organ of the virus is the spleen, although the virus can also attack the brain, this does not lead to any obvious pathology in this organ. These findings have enriched our understanding of the N-DRV-XT18 virus and have lain the foundation for further study of the pathogenic mechanism of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Bin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Qingdao Yibang Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.
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11
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Wang H, Gao B, Chen H, Diao Y, Tang Y. Isolation and characterization of a variant duck orthoreovirus causing spleen necrosis in Peking ducks, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2033-2044. [PMID: 31131546 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since December 2017, an infectious disease has caused economic hardship for duck farms and breeding ducks in many regions of China. This disease characterized by spleen necrosis and swelling, is due to a variant strain of duck orthoreovirus (DRV) (Duck/N-DRV-XT18/China/2018), which we isolated from the spleen of diseased ducks. After isolating the virus, we used next-generation sequencing technology to determine the entire genomic of the virus. Our phylogenetic analysis of 10 genomic segments showed that the N-DRV-XT18 strain is closely related to orthoreovirus isolates derived from ducks and geese, with nucleotide sequence identities for 10 genomic fragments ranging between 49.8% and 99.3%. In contract, the nucleotide sequence of N-DRV-XT18 genomic fragments are only 38.6% to 78.8% similar to the chicken orthoreovirus isolate. Therefore, we determined that this pathogen, causing duck spleen necrosis, is a new variant of a duck orthoreovirus that is significantly different from any previously reported waterfowl-derived othoreovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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12
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Zhang XL, Shao JW, Li XW, Mei MM, Guo JY, Li WF, Huang WJ, Chi SH, Yuan S, Li ZL, Huang SJ. Molecular characterization of two novel reoviruses isolated from Muscovy ducklings in Guangdong, China. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:143. [PMID: 31077188 PMCID: PMC6511161 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel Muscovy duck reovirus (N-MDRV), emerged in southeast China in 2002, which can infect a wide range of waterfowl and induces clinical signs and cytopathic effects that are distinct from those of classical MDRV, and continues to cause high morbidity and 5–50% mortality in ducklings. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of two novel reoviruses isolated from Muscovy ducklings in Guangdong, China. Results Two novel MDRV strains, designated as MDRV-SH12 and MDRV-DH13, were isolated from two diseased Muscovy ducklings in Guangdong province, China in June 2012 and September 2013, respectively. Sequencing of the complete genomes of these two viruses showed that they consisted of 23,418 bp and were divided into 10 segments, ranging from 1191 bp (S4) to 3959 bp (L1) in length, and all segments contained conserved sequences in the 5′ non-coding region (GCUUUU) and 3′ non-coding region (UCAUC). Pairwise sequence comparisons demonstrated that MDRV-SH12 and MDRV-DH13 showed the highest similarity with novel MDRVs. Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of all 10 segments revealed that MDRV-SH12 and MDRV-DH13 were clustered together with other novel waterfowl-origin reoviruses and were distinct from classical waterfowl-origin and chicken-origin reoviruses. The analyses also showed possible genetic re-assortment events in segment M2 between waterfowl-origin and chicken-origin reoviruses and the segments encoding λA, μA, μNS, σA, and σNS between classical and novel waterfowl-origin reoviruses. Potential recombination events detection in segment S2 suggests that MDRV-SH12 and MDRV-DH13 may be recombinants of classical and novel WRVs. Conclusions The results presented in this study, the full genomic data for two novel MDRV strains, will improve our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among the waterfowl-origin reoviruses circulating in China, and may aid in the development of more effective vaccines against various waterfowl-origin reoviruses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1877-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Preventive Research of Emerging Animal Diseases, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Wei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Preventive Research of Emerging Animal Diseases, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Min Mei
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Yue Guo
- Key Laboratory for Preventive Research of Emerging Animal Diseases, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Feng Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jing Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Hong Chi
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Li Li
- Key Laboratory for Preventive Research of Emerging Animal Diseases, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China. .,College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shu-Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory for Preventive Research of Emerging Animal Diseases, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China. .,College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Yang J, Tian J, Chen L, Tang Y, Diao Y. Isolation and genomic characterization of a novel chicken-orign orthoreovirus causing goslings hepatitis. Vet Microbiol 2018; 227:69-77. [PMID: 30473354 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A severe infectious disease characterized by nephritis, hepatitis and splenitis has attacked goslings around Shandong province in China since 2016. A novel chicken-origin avian orthoreovirus (ARV) was isolated with LMH cells from affected goslings named Reo/Goose/SDPY/1116/17 (SDPY-ARV) strain, and the infection was successfully reproduced experimentally. The ARV-SDPY full genome sequencing was conducted using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique on Illumina HiSeq platform. The complete genome of SDPY-ARV was 23,427 bp in length and consist of 10 dsRNA segments ranged from 1192 bp (S4) to 3958 bp (L1) which encoding 12 viral proteins. Genomic sequence analysis showed that the SDPY-ARV strain is in the same branch with broiler, pheasant-origin ARV isolates, and shares 51.8-96.2% of nucleotide identity of σC gene with them; while only 49.3-50.3% with waterfowl isolates. In addition, the occurrence of 10 segments genetic reassortment of SDPY strain is confirmed among the PA15511, the 1733 and the PA13649 strains from America. In conclusion, the causative agent of gosling hemorrhagic necrotic hepatitis and nephritis occurring in China is a novel chicken-origin goose orthoreovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jiajun Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Animal Health Inspection of DaLian Free Trade Zone, Dalian, Liaoning, 116100, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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14
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Palomino-Tapia V, Mitevski D, Inglis T, van der Meer F, Abdul-Careem MF. Molecular characterization of emerging avian reovirus variants isolated from viral arthritis cases in Western Canada 2012-2017 based on partial sigma (σ)C gene. Virology 2018; 522:138-146. [PMID: 30029013 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Viral Arthritis (VA), a disease caused by Avian Reovirus (ARV), has emerged as a significant cause of economic losses in broiler chicken flocks in Western Canada. These outbreaks were characterized by 4-13% morbidity, followed by a spike in mortality/culling that in extreme cases required total flock depopulation. From 2012-2017, 38 ARV isolates were recovered. Molecular characterization of a partial segment of the sigma (σ)C gene shows all six previously known ARV clusters in Western Canadian broiler chickens. The most numerous clusters were Cluster#4 and Cluster #5 while the most variable clusters were Cluster#1 (76.7-100% identity), Cluster#2 (66-99.3%), and Cluster#4 (62-100%). This variation suggests that an autogenous vaccine may not protect against a same-cluster challenge virus. This is the first publication showing the wide genetic diversity of ARV Cluster#4, the circulation of all six worldwide reported ARV clusters in Canada, and important differences in ARV Cluster classification among researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Palomino-Tapia
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center, 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Darko Mitevski
- Poultry Health Services, 1-4 East Lake Ave NE, Airdrie, AB, Canada T4A 2G8
| | - Tom Inglis
- The Institute of Applied Poultry Technologies, 201-151 East Lake Blvd, Airdrie AB, Canada T4A 2G1
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center, 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center, 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
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15
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Farkas SL, Marton S, Dandár E, Kugler R, Gál B, Jakab F, Bálint Á, Kecskeméti S, Bányai K. Lineage diversification, homo- and heterologous reassortment and recombination shape the evolution of chicken orthoreoviruses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36960. [PMID: 27830770 PMCID: PMC5103266 DOI: 10.1038/srep36960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The near complete genome sequences of ten field avian orthoreovirus (ARV) strains collected from young chicken between 2002 and 2011 in Hungary have been determined in order to explore the genetic diversity and evolutionary mechanisms affecting ARVs in this region. Sequence analyses and phylogenetic calculations revealed similar geographic distribution and distinct evolution in case of eight studied strains that were closely related to the recently described Hungarian strain T1781. The remaining two strains showed the highest similarity with the US origin AVS-B. The topology of the phylogenetic trees of certain segments was affected by several potential homologous reassortment events between strains of Hungarian, Chinese and US origin. Analyzing the μB gene a possible heterologous reassortment event was identified in three Hungarian strains. Recombination events were detected in as much as a dozen cases implying that beside point mutations and reassorment this mechanism also plays an important role in the diversification of ARVs. All these mechanisms in concert may explain the reduced effectiveness of immunization using commercial vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia L Farkas
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Marton
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Eszter Dandár
- United Szent István és Szent László Hospital - Clinic, Nagyvárad tér 1, Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | - Renáta Kugler
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Bence Gál
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Tábornok u. 2, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kecskeméti
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Bornemissza u. 3-7, Debrecen 4031, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
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16
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Genetic and pathogenic characterisation of 11 avian reovirus isolates from northern China suggests continued evolution of virulence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35271. [PMID: 27752067 PMCID: PMC5067505 DOI: 10.1038/srep35271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infections characterised by severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis, and depressed growth have become increasingly frequent in recent years. In this study, we isolated and identified 11 ARV field strains from chickens with viral arthritis and reduced growth in northern China. Comparative analysis of the σC nucleotide and amino acid sequences demonstrated that all isolates, except LN05 and JS01, were closely related to ARV S1133 and clustered in the first genetic lineage. LN05 and JS01 strains were clustered in the third lineage with the ARV 138 strain. Using S1133 as a reference, five isolates were selected to infect specific-pathogen-free chickens, and we found that the recent isolated Chinese ARV strains had higher replication ability in vivo and caused enhanced mortality than the S1133 strain. These findings suggest that the pathogenicity of Chinese ARVs has been changing in recent years and disease control may become more difficult. This study provides genetic and pathogenic characterisations of ARV strains isolated in northern China and calls for a sustained surveillance of ARV infection in China in order to support a better prevention and control of the disease.
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17
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Tang Y, Lin L, Sebastian A, Lu H. Detection and characterization of two co-infection variant strains of avian orthoreovirus (ARV) in young layer chickens using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Sci Rep 2016; 6:24519. [PMID: 27089943 PMCID: PMC4835796 DOI: 10.1038/srep24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) for full genomic characterization studies of the newly emerging avian orthoreovirus (ARV) field strains isolated in Pennsylvania poultry, we identified two co-infection ARV variant strains from one ARV isolate obtained from ARV-affected young layer chickens. The de novo assembly of the ARV reads generated 19 contigs of two different ARV variant strains according to 10 genome segments of each ARV strain. The two variants had the same M2 segment. The complete genomes of each of the two variant strains were 23,493 bp in length, and 10 dsRNA segments ranged from 1192 bp (S4) to 3958 bp (L1), encoding 12 viral proteins. Sequence comparison of nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences of all 10 genome segments revealed 58.1–100% and 51.4–100% aa identity between the two variant strains, and 54.3–89.4% and 49.5–98.1% aa identity between the two variants and classic vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a moderate to significant nt sequence divergence between the two variant and ARV reference strains. These findings have demonstrated the first naturally occurring co-infection of two ARV variants in commercial young layer chickens, providing scientific evidence that multiple ARV strains can be simultaneously present in one host species of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Lin Lin
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Huaguang Lu
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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18
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Tang Y, Lu H. Whole genome alignment based one-step real-time RT-PCR for universal detection of avian orthoreoviruses of chicken, pheasant and turkey origins. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:120-126. [PMID: 26812128 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Newly emerging avian orthoreovirus (ARV) variants have been continuously detected in Pennsylvania poultry since 2011. In this paper, we report our recent diagnostic assay development of one-step real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) for the rapid and universal detection of all ARVs or reference strains of chicken, pheasant and turkey origins and six σC genotypes of the newly emerging field ARV variants in Pennsylvania (PA) poultry. Primers and probes for the rRT-PCR were designed from the conserved region of the M1 genome segment 5' end based on the whole-genome alignment of various ARV strains, including six field variants or novel strains obtained in PA poultry. The detection limit of the newly developed rRT-PCR for ARV was as low as 10 copies/reaction of viral RNA, and 10(0.50)-10(0.88) tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/100 μL of viruses. This new rRT-PCR detected all six σC genotypes from the 66 ARV field variant strains and reference strains tested in this study. There were no cross-reactions with other avian viruses. Reproducibility of the assay was confirmed by intra- and inter-assay tests with variability from 0.12% to 2.19%. Sensitivity and specificity of this new rRT-PCR for ARV were achieved at 100% and 88%, respectively, in comparison with virus isolation as the "gold standard" in testing poultry tissue specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Huaguang Lu
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Lu H, Tang Y, Dunn PA, Wallner-Pendleton EA, Lin L, Knoll EA. Isolation and molecular characterization of newly emerging avian reovirus variants and novel strains in Pennsylvania, USA, 2011-2014. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14727. [PMID: 26469681 PMCID: PMC4606735 DOI: 10.1038/srep14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infections of broiler and turkey flocks have caused significant clinical disease and economic losses in Pennsylvania (PA) since 2011. Most of the ARV-infected birds suffered from severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis and depressed growth or runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). A high morbidity (up to 20% to 40%) was observed in ARV-affected flocks, and the flock mortality was occasionally as high as 10%. ARV infections in turkeys were diagnosed for the first time in PA in 2011. From 2011 to 2014, a total of 301 ARV isolations were made from affected PA poultry. The molecular characterization of the Sigma C gene of 114 field isolates, representing most ARV outbreaks, revealed that only 21.93% of the 114 sequenced ARV isolates were in the same genotyping cluster (cluster 1) as the ARV vaccine strains (S1133, 1733, and 2048), whereas 78.07% of the sequenced isolates were in genotyping clusters 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (which were distinct from the vaccine strains) and represented newly emerging ARV variants. In particular, genotyping cluster 6 was a new ARV genotype that was identified for the first time in 10 novel PA ARV variants of field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaguang Lu
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Yi Tang
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Patricia A. Dunn
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Eva A. Wallner-Pendleton
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Lin Lin
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Eric A. Knoll
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Genomic characterization of a novel avian arthritis orthoreovirus variant by next-generation sequencing. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2629-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tang Y, Lu H, Sebastian A, Yeh YT, Praul CA, Albert IU, Zheng SY. Genomic characterization of a turkey reovirus field strain by Next-Generation Sequencing. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 32:313-21. [PMID: 25841748 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The genome of a turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV) field strain (Reo/PA/Turkey/22342/13), isolated from a turkey flock in Pennsylvania (PA) in 2013, has been sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome of the PA TARV field strain was 23,496bp in length with 10 dsRNA segments encoding 12 viral proteins. The lengths of the genomic segments ranged from 1192bp (S4) to 3959bp (L1). The 5' and 3' conserved terminal sequences of the PA TARV field strain were similar to the two Minnesota (MN) TARVs (MN9 and MN10) published recently and avian orthoreovirus (ARV) reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of all 10 genome segments revealed that there was a low to significant nucleotide sequence divergence between the PA TARV field strain and reference TARV and ARV strains. Analysis of the PA TARV sequence indicates that this PA TARV field strain is a unique strain and is different from the TARV MN9 or MN10 in M2 segment genes and ARV S1133 vaccine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Huaguang Lu
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Yin-Ting Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Craig A Praul
- Genomics Core Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Istvan U Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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