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Oba M, Shimotori M, Teshima N, Yokota T, Takemae H, Sakaguchi S, Mizuno S, Ishida H, Murakami H, Mizutani T, Nagai M. Identification of multiple inter- and intra-genotype reassortment mammalian orthoreoviruses from Japanese black cattle in a beef cattle farm. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19887. [PMID: 39191841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs), belonging to the genus Orthoreovirus in the family Spinareoviridae, possess a double-stranded RNA segmented genome. Due to the segmented nature of their genome, MRVs are prone to gene reassortment, which allows for evolutionary diversification. Recently, a genotyping system for each MRV gene segment was proposed based on nucleotide differences. In the present study, MRVs were isolated from the fecal samples of Japanese Black cattle kept on a farm in Japan. Complete genome sequencing and analysis of 41 MRV isolates revealed that these MRVs shared almost identical sequences in the L1, L2, L3, S3, and S4 gene segments, while two different sequences were found in the S1, M1, M2, M3, and S2 gene segments. By plaque cloning, at least six genetic constellation patterns were identified, indicating the occurrence of multiple inter- (S1 and M2) and intra- (M1, M3, and S2) reassortment events. This paper represents the first report describing multiple reassortant MRVs on a single cattle farm. These MRV gene segments exhibited sequence similarity to those of MRVs isolated from cattle in the U.S. and China, rather than to MRVs previously isolated in Japan. Genotypes consisting solely of bovine MRVs were observed in the L1, M1, and M2 segments, suggesting that they might have evolved within the cattle population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Oba
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mayo Shimotori
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Natsuko Teshima
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yokota
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Mizuno
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hiroho Ishida
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hironobu Murakami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
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Abstract
Rotaviruses are the most common viral agents associated with foal diarrhea. Between 2014 and 2017, the annual prevalence of rotavirus in diarrheic foals ranged between 18 and 28% in Haryana (India). Whole-genome sequencing of two equine rotavirus A (ERVA) isolates (RVA/Horse-wt/IND/ERV4/2017 and RVA/Horse-wt/IND/ERV6/2017) was carried out to determine the genotypic constellations (GCs) of ERVAs. The GCs of both the isolates were G3-P[3]-I8-R3-C3-M3-A9-N3-T3-E3-H6, a unique combination reported for ERVAs so far. Both the isolates carried VP6 of genotype I8, previously unreported from equines. Upon comparison with RVAs of other species, the GC of both isolates was identical to that of a bat rotavirus strain, MSLH14, isolated from China in 2012. The nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding VP3, NSP2, and NSP3 shared >95.81% identity with bat RVA strains isolated from Africa (Gabon). The genes encoding VP1, VP2, VP7, NSP1, and NSP4 shared 94.82% to 97.12% nucleotide identities with the human strains which have zoonotic links to bats (RCH272 and MS2015-1-0001). The VP6 genes of both strains were distinct and had the highest similarity of only 87.08% with that of CMH222, a human strain of bat origin. The phylogenetic analysis and lineage studies revealed that VP7 of both isolates clustered in a new lineage (lineage X) of the G3 genotype with bat, human, and alpaca strains. Similarly, VP4 clustered in a distinct P[3] lineage. These unusual findings highlight the terra incognita of the genomic diversity of equine rotaviruses and support the need for the surveillance of RVAs in animals and humans with a "one health" approach. IMPORTANCE Rotaviruses are globally prevalent diarrheal pathogens in young animals including foals, piglets, calves, goats, sheep, cats, and dogs along with humans. The genome of rotaviruses consists of 11 segments, which enables them to undergo reshuffling by reassortment of segments from multiple species during mixed infections. In this study, the prevalence of equine rotaviruses was 32.11% in organized equine farms of North India. The complete genome analysis of two ERVA isolates revealed an unusual genomic constellation, which was previously reported only in a bat RVA strain. A segment-wise phylogenetic analysis revealed that most segments of both isolates were highly similar either to bat or to bat-like human rotaviruses. The occurrence of unusual bat-like rotaviruses in equines emphasizes the need of extensive surveillance of complete genomes of both animal and human rotaviruses with a "one health" approach.
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Miranda ARM, da Silva Mendes G, Santos N. Rotaviruses A and C in dairy cattle in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1657-1663. [PMID: 35478312 PMCID: PMC9433513 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stool samples were collected from calves from nine family-based small dairy farms in the state of Rio de Janeiro, for detection and characterization of rotavirus (RV) species A, B, and C (RVA, RVB, and RVC, respectively) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-six samples (27.7%) were positive for at least one of the species: 22 (23.4%) samples were positive only for RVA, 3 (3.2%) were positive for RVC, and one sample (1.1%) had co-infection of RVA and RVC. RVB was not detected. Seven (21.9%; n = 32) animals with diarrhea and 19 (30.1% n = 62) asymptomatic animals were positive, with no significant difference in positivity (p = 0.3677). RV was detected in all properties studied, at rates between 14.3 and 80%, demonstrating the widespread circulation of RV in four of the seven geographic regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Infection was more prevalent among animals ≤ 6 months of age. Sequence analysis of a portion of the RVA VP6-encoding gene identified the I2 genotype. RVC was also detected; to our knowledge, this is the first description of this agent in cattle in Brazil. The data presented here should add knowledge regarding the importance and prevalence of RV in our national territory, and may facilitate the planning and implementation of control and prevention measures for bovine rotavirus infections in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriele R M Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho - 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil
| | - Gabriella da Silva Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho - 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil
| | - Norma Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho - 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil.
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KOBUVIRUS DETECTION IN THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED PYGMY HOG ( PORCULA SALVANIA), INDIA. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:343-347. [PMID: 33827197 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pygmy hogs (Porcula salvania) are the smallest and rarest wild suid. It is categorized as a Critically Endangered species as per the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This study reports the first detection of a single-stranded RNA virus species, Aichivirus C, belonging to the genus Kobuvirus (KobV) and the family Picornaviridae, in pygmy hogs. KobV species are identified as a cause of acute gastroenteritis among children in India. As of now, there exists no report on the detection of KobV in animals from India. We used a detection assay based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for KobV screening in pygmy hogs from a conservation center in India. The 3D polymerase gene-based molecular analysis revealed KobV presence in the Indian wild suid, pygmy hogs. Of the 15 samples tested, three were found positive for picornaviruses and were negative for rotavirus A, rotavirus C, astrovirus, picobirnavirus and caliciviruses. Nucleotide-based sequence analysis of the partial 3D polymerase gene revealed close identity with porcine KobV from the Czech Republic (JX232619, 90.6%-91.6%) and Hungary (NC_011829, 89.8%-91.6%), wherein one of the current study strains clustered with the Czech Republic JX232619 strain in the phylogenetic tree. Further investigation of the role of KobV in health and disease of pygmy hogs is warranted.
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Sircar S, Malik YS, Kumar P, Ansari MI, Bhat S, Shanmuganathan S, Kattoor JJ, Vinodhkumar O, Rishi N, Touil N, Ghosh S, Bányai K, Dhama K. Genomic Analysis of an Indian G8P[1] Caprine Rotavirus-A Strain Revealing Artiodactyl and DS-1-Like Human Multispecies Reassortment. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:606661. [PMID: 33585597 PMCID: PMC7873603 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.606661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The surveillance studies for the presence of caprine rotavirus A (RVA) are limited in India, and the data for the whole-genome analysis of the caprine RVA is not available. This study describes the whole-genome-based analysis of a caprine rotavirus A strain, RVA/Goat-wt/IND/K-98/2015, from a goat kid in India. The genomic analysis revealed that the caprine RVA strain K-98, possess artiodactyl-like and DS-1 human-like genome constellation G8P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3. The three structural genes (VP2, VP4, and VP7) were close to caprine host having nucleotide-based identity range between 97.5 and 98.9%. Apart from them, other gene segments showed similarity with either bovine or human like genes, ultimately pointing toward a common evolutionary origin having an artiodactyl-type backbone of strain K-98. Phylogenetically, the various genes of the current study isolate also clustered inside clades comprising Human-Bovine-Caprine isolates from worldwide. The current findings add to the knowledge on caprine rotaviruses and might play a substantial role in designing future vaccines or different alternative strategies combating such infections having public health significance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the whole-genome characterization of a caprine RVA G8P[1] strain from India. Concerning the complex nature of the K-98 genome, whole-genome analyses of more numbers of RVA strains from different parts of the country are needed to comprehend the genomic nature and genetic diversity among caprine RVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, J-3 Block, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, J-3 Block, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Mohd Ikram Ansari
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Sudipta Bhat
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - S. Shanmuganathan
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Jobin Jose Kattoor
- Animal Disease Diagnsotic Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - O.R. Vinodhkumar
- Division of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Narayan Rishi
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, J-3 Block, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Nadia Touil
- Laboratoire de Recherche et de Biosécurité, Hôpital Militaire d'instruction Med V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Unusual mono-reassortant of a Wa-like G1P[8] species A rotavirus containing a DS-1-like (genotype 2) NSP4 gene. Virus Genes 2020; 56:638-641. [PMID: 32699936 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Species A rotaviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Reassortment is a common phenomenon due to the segmented nature of the rotavirus genome. The complete coding sequences of a species A rotavirus strain isolated from the feces of a child with acute gastroenteritis in Japan in 2018 were determined using an unbiased viral metagenomics approach. The genetic analysis revealed that the rotavirus strain had an unusual genomic constellation (G1-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1), suggesting reassortment of a genotype 1 with a genotype 2 rotavirus, from which the NSP4-encoding gene was acquired.
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Malik YS, Bhat S, Dar PS, Sircar S, Dhama K, Singh RK. Evolving Rotaviruses, Interspecies Transmission and Zoonoses. Open Virol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874357902014010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary biology has become one of the imperative determinants explaining the origin of several viruses which were either identified decades back or are recognized lately using metagenomic approaches. Several notifiable emerging viruses like influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and Zika viruses have become the leading causes of epidemics and losses thereto in both human and animals. The sufferings are higher due to gastroenteritis causing viruses including Astrovirus, Calicivirus, Enterovirus, Kobuvirus Picobirnavirus, Sapelovirus, Teschovirus, and many more. Notably, the majority of the emerging viruses enclose RNA genome and these are more prone for insertions/mutation in their genome, leading to evolving viral variants. Rapidity in viral evolution becomes a big hitch in the development process of successful vaccines or antiviral. The prominent gastroenteric virus is rotavirus, which is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented nature of genome enabling higher reassortment events and generates unusual strains with unique genomic constellations derivative of parental rotavirus strains. Although most rotaviruses appear to be host restricted, the interspecies transmission of rotaviruses has been well documented across the globe. The nocturnal bats have been accepted harbouring many pathogenic viruses and serving as natural reservoirs. Indications are that bats can also harbour rotaviruses, and help in virus spread. The zooanthroponotic and anthropozoonotic potential of rotaviruses has significant implications for rotavirus epidemiology. Hitherto reports confirm infection of humans through rotaviruses of animal origin, exclusively via direct transmission or through gene reassortments between animal and human strain of rotaviruses. There is a need to understand the ecology and evolutionary biology of emerging rotavirus strains to design effective control programs.
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8
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Malik YS, Verma AK, Kumar N, Touil N, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Bora DP, Dhama K, Ghosh S, Hemida MG, Abdel-Moneim AS, Bányai K, Vlasova AN, Kobayashi N, Singh RK. Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Viral Etiologies of Diarrhea: From the Lab to the Field. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1957. [PMID: 31608017 PMCID: PMC6758846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of correct diagnostic approaches play a decisive role in timely containment of infectious diseases spread and mitigation of public health risks. Nevertheless, there is a need to update the diagnostics regularly to capture the new, emergent, and highly divergent viruses. Acute gastroenteritis of viral origin has been identified as a significant cause of mortality across the globe, with the more serious consequences seen at the extremes of age groups (young and elderly) and immune-compromised individuals. Therefore, significant advancements and efforts have been put in the development of enteric virus diagnostics to meet the WHO ASSURED criteria as a benchmark over the years. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are the basic assays that provided the platform for development of several efficient diagnostics such as real-time RT-PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), polymerase spiral reaction (PSR), biosensors, microarrays and next generation sequencing. Herein, we describe and discuss the applications of these advanced technologies in context to enteric virus detection by delineating their features, advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Atul Kumar Verma
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Nadia Touil
- Laboratoire de Biosécurité et de Recherche, Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Durlav Prasad Bora
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hufuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | | | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Kumar N, Malik YS, Sharma K, Dhama K, Ghosh S, Bányai K, Kobayashi N, Singh RK. Molecular characterization of unusual bovine rotavirusAstrains having high genetic relatedness with human rotavirus: evidence for zooanthroponotic transmission. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:431-442. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Kumar
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Y. S. Malik
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - K. Sharma
- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh India
| | - K. Dhama
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - S. Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical SciencesOne Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary MedicineRoss University School of Veterinary Medicine Basseterre, St. Kitts West Indies
| | - K. Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical ResearchCentre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
| | - N. Kobayashi
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Chuo‐Ku, Sapporo Japan
| | - R. K. Singh
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
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Bhat S, Kattoor JJ, Malik YS, Sircar S, Deol P, Rawat V, Rakholia R, Ghosh S, Vlasova AN, Nadia T, Dhama K, Kobayashi N. Species C Rotaviruses in Children with Diarrhea in India, 2010-2013: A Potentially Neglected Cause of Acute Gastroenteritis. Pathogens 2018; 7:E23. [PMID: 29462971 PMCID: PMC5874749 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All over the world, children and adults are severely affected by acute gastroenteritis, caused by one of the emerging enteric pathogens, rotavirus C (RVC). At present, no extensive surveillance program is running for RVC in India, and its prevalence is largely unknown except cases of local outbreaks. Here, we intended to detect the presence of RVC in diarrheic children visiting or admitted to hospitals in Haldwani (state of Uttarakhand, India), a city located in the foothills of the Himalayas. During 2010-2013, we screened 119 samples for RVC by an RVC VP6 gene-specific RT-PCR. Of these, 38 (31.93%) were found positive, which is higher than the incidence rates reported so far from India. The phylogenetic analysis of the derived nucleotide sequences from one of the human RVC (HuRVC) isolates, designated as HuRVC/H28/2013/India, showed that the study isolate belongs to genotype I2, P2 and E2 for RVC structural genes 6 and 4 (VP6, and VP4) and non-structural gene 4 (NSP4), respectively. Furthermore, the VP6 gene of HuRVC/H28/2013/India shows the highest similarity to a recently-reported human-like porcine RVC (PoRVC/ASM140/2013/India, KT932963) from India suggesting zoonotic transmission. We also report a full-length NSP4 gene sequence of human RVC from India. Under the One-health platforms there is a need to launch combined human and animal RVC surveillance programs for a better understanding of the epidemiology of RVC infections and for implementing control strategies.Reoviridae, possess 11 double-stranded segments of RNA that encode six structural viral proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, VP6, VP7) and five/six non-structural proteins (NSP1-NSP5/6) [7]. Based on the antigenic properties of the major inner capsid protein (VP6), RVs are subdivided into eight well-characterized species (A-H) and two putative species viz. I and J [8-10]. Humans and other mammalian species are affected by species A, B, C and H rotaviruses and birds by species D, F and G, and species E has been reported exclusively in pigs [7,8,11-17]. The newly-proposed species I is reported in dogs [18] and cats [19], whereas species J is found in bats [10].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Bhat
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Jobin Jose Kattoor
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Pallavi Deol
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Vinita Rawat
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263 139, India.
| | - Ritu Rakholia
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263 139, India.
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Touil Nadia
- Laboratoire de Biosécurité et de Recherche, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Med V de Rabat; 110 000 Morocco.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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Jing Z, Zhang X, Shi H, Chen J, Shi D, Dong H, Feng L. A G3P[13] porcine group A rotavirus emerging in China is a reassortant and a natural recombinant in the VP4 gene. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e317-e328. [PMID: 29148270 PMCID: PMC7169750 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are a major cause of serious intestinal disease in piglets. In this study, a novel pig strain was identified in a stool sample from China. The strain was designated RVA/Pig/China/LNCY/2016/G3P[13] and had a G3-P[13]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 genome. The viral protein 7 (VP7) and non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) genes of RVA/Pig/China/LNCY/2016/G3P[13] were closely related to cogent genes of human RVAs, suggesting that a reassortment between pig and human strains had occurred. Recombination analysis showed that RVA/Pig/China/LNCY/2016/G3P[13] is a natural recombinant strain between the P[23] and P[7] RVA strains, and crossover points for recombination were found at nucleotides (nt) 456 and 804 of the VP4 gene. Elucidating the biological characteristics of porcine rotavirus (PoRV) will be helpful for further analyses of the epidemic characteristics of this virus. The results of this study provide valuable information for RVA recombination and evolution and will facilitate future investigations into the molecular pathogenesis of RVAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jing
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - X Zhang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - H Shi
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - J Chen
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - D Shi
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - H Dong
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Molecular Biology (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - L Feng
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Guerra SFS, Soares LS, Lobo PS, Penha Júnior ET, Sousa Júnior EC, Bezerra DAM, Vaz LR, Linhares AC, Mascarenhas JDP. Detection of a novel equine-like G3 rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3131-3138. [PMID: 27902376 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype G3P[8] of rotavirus A (RVA) is detected worldwide, usually associated with Wa-like constellation and exhibiting a long RNA migration pattern. More recently, a novel inter-genogroup, G3P[8] reassortant variant with a short electropherotype, has emerged in Asia, Oceania and Europe, denoting an overall potential of unusual rotavirus strains. During a RVA surveillance in Brazil, G3P[8] strains were found displaying a short electropherotype pattern, which had not been detected before in this region. This study aims to characterize the complete genome of 10 G3P[8] strains detected in the northern region of Brazil. All G3P[8] samples were subjected to partial sequencing, and the whole-genome phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all strains possessed I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N1-T2-E2-H2 genotype background, representing reassortants with an equine-like G3 VP7 and amino acid changes in VP4 and VP7 antigenic regions as compared to vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated high nucleotide identity in almost all RNA segments of G3P[8] DS-1 samples detected in Asia, Oceania and Europe as well as G3P[4] strains in Japan. This study reports a novel, equine-like G3P[8] strain circulating in Brazil and isolated from children hospitalized for severe gastroenteritis, and highlights the complex dynamics of RVA molecular epidemiology. Our findings point to a novel RVA strain emerging in this region, and studies should be done to detect whether this may represent a challenge to current vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Silva Soares
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Belém, Brazil
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