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Wesselmann KM, Postigo-Hidalgo I, Pezzi L, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Fischer C, de Lamballerie X, Drexler JF. Emergence of Oropouche fever in Latin America: a narrative review. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:e439-e452. [PMID: 38281494 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1955, the incidence and geographical spread of reported Oropouche virus (OROV) infections have increased. Oropouche fever has been suggested to be one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Latin America. However, both literature on OROV and genomic sequence availability are scarce, with few contributing laboratories worldwide. Three reassortant OROV glycoprotein gene variants termed Iquitos, Madre de Dios, and Perdões virus have been described from humans and non-human primates. OROV predominantly causes acute febrile illness, but severe neurological disease such as meningoencephalitis can occur. Due to unspecific symptoms, laboratory diagnostics are crucial. Several laboratory tests have been developed but robust commercial tests are hardly available. Although OROV is mainly transmitted by biting midges, it has also been detected in several mosquito species and a wide range of vertebrate hosts, which likely facilitates its widespread emergence. However, potential non-human vertebrate reservoirs have not been systematically studied. Robust animal models to investigate pathogenesis and immune responses are not available. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission cycle, cross-protection from infections with OROV reassortants, and the natural history of infection remain unclear. This Review identifies Oropouche fever as a neglected disease and offers recommendations to address existing knowledge gaps, enable risk assessments, and ensure effective public health responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad M Wesselmann
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Ignacio Postigo-Hidalgo
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Pezzi
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence (CNR) des Arbovirus, Marseille, France
| | - Edmilson F de Oliveira-Filho
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlo Fischer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence (CNR) des Arbovirus, Marseille, France
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Andreolla AP, Borges AA, Nagashima S, Vaz de Paula CB, de Noronha L, Zanchin NIT, Bordignon J, Duarte Dos Santos CN. Development of monoclonal antibodies against oropouche virus and its applicability to immunohistochemical diagnosis. Virol J 2024; 21:81. [PMID: 38589896 PMCID: PMC11000289 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthobunyavirus oropouche ense virus (OROV), the causative agent of Oropouche fever, is widely dispersed in Brazil and South America, causing sporadic outbreaks. Due to the similarity of initial clinical symptoms caused by OROV with other arboviruses found in overlapping geographical areas, differential diagnosis is challenging. As for most neglected tropical diseases, there is a shortage of reagents for diagnosing and studying OROV pathogenesis. We therefore developed and characterized mouse monoclonal antibodies and, one of them recognizes the OROV nucleocapsid in indirect immunofluorescent (IFA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Considering that it is the first monoclonal antibody produced for detecting OROV infections, we believe that it will be useful not only for diagnostic purposes but also for performing serological surveys and epidemiological surveillance on the dispersion and prevalence of OROV in Brazil and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Andreolla
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/Fiocruz PR, Cidade Industrial de Curitiba, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Abel Borges
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Pontifica Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC/PR), Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Pontifica Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC/PR), Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Pontifica Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC/PR), Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nilson I T Zanchin
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Engenharia de Proteínas, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/Fiocruz PR, Cidade Industrial de Curitiba, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliano Bordignon
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/Fiocruz PR, Cidade Industrial de Curitiba, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Nunes Duarte Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/Fiocruz PR, Cidade Industrial de Curitiba, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Moreira HM, Sgorlon G, Queiroz JAS, Roca TP, Ribeiro J, Teixeira KS, Passos-Silva AM, Araújo A, Gasparelo NWF, Dos Santos ADO, Lugtenburg CAB, Roque RA, Villalobos Salcedo JM, Pereira DB, Vieira D. Outbreak of Oropouche virus in frontier regions in western Amazon. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0162923. [PMID: 38323826 PMCID: PMC10913433 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01629-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) is characterized as a re-emerging arbovirus of great concern for public health, being responsible for several outbreaks of acute fever identified in Latin American countries, registering more than half a million reported cases. The incidence of reports of this virus is intrinsically favored by environmental conditions, in which such characteristics are related to the increase and distribution of the vector population to areas of human traffic. Moreover, there is a problem regarding the lack of diagnosis in Brazil that aggregates the success of the etiologic agent. Thus, by means of molecular techniques, we identified 27 positive cases of the OROV circulating in border locations in western Amazon, with 44.44% (12/27) of the cohort characterized as infected individuals with reported symptoms, mainly ranging from fever, myalgia, and back pain. Among the positive samples, it was possible to obtain a total of 48.14% (13/27) samples to analyze the S and M segments of Oropouche, which showed similarities among the Brazilian sequences. Thus, it was possible to verify the circulation of the OROV in Rondonia and border areas, in which the tracking of neglected arboviruses is necessary for the genomic surveillance of emerging and re-emerging viruses.IMPORTANCEThe western Amazon region is known for outbreaks of acute febrile illnesses, to which the lack of specific diagnostics for different pathogens hinders the management of patients in healthcare units. The Oropouche virus has already been recorded in the region in the 1990s. However, this is the first study, after this record, to perform the detection of individuals with acute febrile illness using a screening test to exclude Zika, dengue, and chikungunya, confirmed by sequencing the circulation of the virus in the state of Rondonia and border areas. We emphasize the importance of including diagnostics for viruses such as Oropouche, which suffers underreporting for years and is related to seasonal periods in Western Amazon locations, a factor that has a direct influence on public health in the region. In addition, we emphasize the importance of genomic surveillance in the elucidation of outbreaks that affect the resident population of these locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillquias Monteiro Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondonia - UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Sgorlon
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondonia - UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Jackson A. S. Queiroz
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondonia - UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Tarcio P. Roca
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Jessiane Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Karolaine S. Teixeira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Ana Maísa Passos-Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondonia - UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Adrhyan Araújo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Nadson Willian Felipe Gasparelo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondonia - UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Dhelio B. Pereira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Deusilene Vieira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondonia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondonia - UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
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4
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Wu Z, Feng S, Lu K, Zhu W, Sun H, Niu G. Oropouche virus: A neglected global arboviral threat. Virus Res 2024; 341:199318. [PMID: 38224842 PMCID: PMC10827532 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The Oropouche virus is an important arthropod-borne virus in the Peribunyaviridae family that can cause febrile illnesses, and it is widely distributed in tropical regions such as Central and South America. Since the virus was first identified, a large number of related cases are reported every year. No deaths have been reported to date, however, the virus can cause systemic infections, including the nervous and blood systems, leading to serious complications. The transmission of Oropouche virus occurs through both urban and sylvatic cycles, with the anthropophilic biting midge Culicoides paraensis serving as the primary vector in urban areas. Direct human-to-human transmission of Oropouche virus has not been observed. Oropouche virus consists of three segments, and the proteins encoded by the different segments enables the virus to replicate efficiently in the host and to resist the host's immune response. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Oropouche virus sequences are geographically distinct and have closer homologies with Iquitos virus and Perdoes virus, which belong to the family Peribunyaviridae. Despite the enormous threat it poses to public health, there are currently no licensed vaccines or specific antiviral treatments for the disease it causes. Recent studies have utilised imJatobal virusmunoinformatics approaches to develop epitope-based peptide vaccines, which have laid the groundwork for the clinical use of vaccines. The present review focuses on the structure, epidemiology, immunity and phylogeny of Oropouche virus, as well as the progress of vaccine development, thereby attracting wider attention and research, particularly with regard to potential vaccine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Wenbing Zhu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Hengyi Sun
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Guoyu Niu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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5
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Peinado RDS, Eberle RJ, Arni RK, Coronado MA. A Review of Omics Studies on Arboviruses: Alphavirus, Orthobunyavirus and Phlebovirus. Viruses 2022; 14:2194. [PMID: 36298749 PMCID: PMC9607206 DOI: 10.3390/v14102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the intricate and complex steps in pathogenesis and host-viral interactions of arthropod-borne viruses or arboviruses are not completely understood, the multi-omics approaches, which encompass proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics and metabolomics network analysis, are of great importance. We have reviewed the omics studies on mosquito-borne viruses of the Togaviridae, Peribuyaviridae and Phenuiviridae families, specifically for Chikungunya, Mayaro, Oropouche and Rift Valley Fever viruses. Omics studies can potentially provide a new perspective on the pathophysiology of arboviruses, contributing to a better comprehension of these diseases and their effects and, hence, provide novel insights for the development of new antiviral drugs or therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela dos S. Peinado
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael J. Eberle
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raghuvir K. Arni
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônika A. Coronado
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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6
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Presence and Multi-Species Spatial Distribution of Oropouche Virus in Brazil within the One Health Framework. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7060111. [PMID: 35736989 PMCID: PMC9230142 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging vector-borne arbovirus with high epidemic potential, causing illness in more than 500,000 people. Primarily contracted through its midge and mosquito vectors, OROV remains prevalent in its wild, non-human primate and sloth reservoir hosts as well. This virus is spreading across Latin America; however, the majority of cases occur in Brazil. The aim of this research is to document OROV’s presence in Brazil using the One Health approach and geospatial techniques. A scoping review of the literature (2000 to 2021) was conducted to collect reports of this disease in humans and animal species. Data were then geocoded by first and second subnational levels and species to map OROV’s spread. In total, 14 of 27 states reported OROV presence across 67 municipalities (second subnational level). However, most of the cases were in the northern region, within the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome. OROV was identified in humans, four vector species, four genera of non-human primates, one sloth species, and others. Utilizing One Health was important to understand the distribution of OROV across several species and to suggest possible environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic drivers of the virus’s presence. As deforestation, climate change, and migration rates increase, further study into the spillover potential of this disease is needed.
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7
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Baseline mapping of Oropouche virology, epidemiology, therapeutics, and vaccine research and development. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:38. [PMID: 35301331 PMCID: PMC8931169 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arthropod-borne orthobunyavirus found in South America and causes Oropouche fever, a febrile infection similar to dengue. It is the second most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in South America after dengue. Over 500,000 cases have been diagnosed since the virus was first discovered in 1955; however, this is likely a significant underestimate given the limited availability of diagnostics. No fatalities have been reported to date, however, up to 60% of cases have a recurrent phase of disease within one month of recovery from the primary disease course. The main arthropod vector is the biting midge Culicoides paraensis, which has a geographic range as far north as the United States and demonstrates the potential for OROV to geographically expand. The transmission cycle is incompletely understood and vertebrate hosts include both non-human primates and birds further supporting the potential ability of the virus to spread. A number of candidate antivirals have been evaluated against OROV in vitro but none showed antiviral activity. Surprisingly, there is only one report in the literature on candidate vaccines. We suggest that OROV is an undervalued pathogen much like chikungunya, Schmallenberg, and Zika viruses were before they emerged. Overall, OROV is an important emerging disease that has been under-investigated and has the potential to cause large epidemics in the future. Further research, in particular candidate vaccines, is needed for this important pathogen.
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Elbadry MA, Durães-Carvalho R, Blohm GM, Stephenson CJ, Loeb JC, White SK, Telisma T, Chavannes S, Beau De Rochars VM, Salemi M, Morris JG, Lednicky JA. Orthobunyaviruses in the Caribbean: Melao and Oropouche virus infections in school children in Haiti in 2014. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009494. [PMID: 34133422 PMCID: PMC8238191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the identification of two orthobunyaviruses, Melao virus (MELV) and Oropouche virus (OROV), in plasma specimens from Haitian children with acute febrile illness who presented during outbreaks caused by alpha- and flaviviruses in 2014. Heretofore not described as a human pathogen, MELV was isolated in cell culture from the plasma of five case patients. OROV RNA was detected in the plasma of an additional child, using an unbiased sequencing approach, with phylogenetic inference suggesting a close relationship with strains from Brazil. Abdominal pain was reported by four case patients with MELV infections, with lymphadenopathy noted in two cases. Our findings document the occurrence of these orthobunyaviruses within the Caribbean region and highlight the critical importance of surveillance with viral genome sequence analyses to identify outbreaks caused by these and other emerging viruses. Melao and Oropuche virus infections were detected in Haitian children who developed acute febrile illnesses in year 2014. As these viruses were not previously known to circulate in Haiti, our findings highlight the critical importance of surveillance to identify outbreaks caused by these and other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A. Elbadry
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Gabriela M. Blohm
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Caroline J. Stephenson
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia C. Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah K. White
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | | | - Valery M. Beau De Rochars
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Health Service Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marco Salemi
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - J. Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nascimento VAD, Santos JHA, Monteiro DCDS, Pessoa KP, Cardoso AJL, Souza VCD, Abdalla LF, Naveca FG. Oropouche virus detection in saliva and urine. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e190338. [PMID: 32130368 PMCID: PMC7046135 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arthropod-borne virus of the
Peribunyaviridae family, transmitted to humans primarily by
Culicoides paraensis. It is one of the main arboviruses
infecting humans in Brazil, primarily in the Amazon Region. Here, we report the
detection of OROV in the saliva and urine of a patient whose samples were
collected five days after the onset of symptoms. Nucleotide sequencing and
phylogenetic analysis further confirmed the results. To our knowledge, this is
the first study reporting the detection of OROV in the saliva and urine of an
infected patient. In addition, the results of our study expand the current
knowledge pertaining to the natural history of Oropouche fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdinete Alves do Nascimento
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - João Hugo Abdalla Santos
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Hospital Adventista de Manaus, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - Karina Pinheiro Pessoa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Antonio José Leão Cardoso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Victor Costa de Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Evolutionary Dynamics of Oropouche Virus in South America. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01127-19. [PMID: 31801869 PMCID: PMC7022353 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01127-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and reemergence of pathogens such as Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and yellow fever virus have drawn attention toward other cocirculating arboviruses in South America. Oropouche virus (OROV) is a poorly studied pathogen responsible for over a dozen outbreaks since the early 1960s and represents a public health burden to countries such as Brazil, Panama, and Peru. OROV is likely underreported since its symptomatology can be easily confounded with other febrile illnesses (e.g., dengue fever and leptospirosis) and point-of-care testing for the virus is still uncommon. With limited data, there is a need to optimize the information currently available. Analysis of OROV genomes can help us understand how the virus circulates in nature and can reveal the evolutionary forces that shape the genetic diversity of the virus, which has implications for molecular diagnostics and the design of potential vaccines. The Amazon basin is home to numerous arthropod-borne viral pathogens that cause febrile disease in humans. Among these, Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV) is a relatively understudied member of the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae, that causes periodic outbreaks in human populations in Brazil and other South American countries. Although several studies have described the genetic diversity of the virus, the evolutionary processes that shape the OROV genome remain poorly understood. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the genomic dynamics of OROV that encompasses phylogenetic analysis, evolutionary rate estimates, inference of natural selective pressures, recombination and reassortment, and structural analysis of OROV variants. Our study includes all available published sequences, as well as a set of new OROV genome sequences obtained from patients in Ecuador, representing the first set of genomes from this country. Our results show differing evolutionary processes on the three segments that comprise the viral genome. We infer differing times of the most recent common ancestors of the genome segments and propose that this can be explained by cryptic reassortment. We also present the discovery of previously unobserved putative N-linked glycosylation sites, as well as codons that evolve under positive selection on the viral surface proteins, and discuss the potential role of these features in the evolution of OROV through a combined phylogenetic and structural approach. IMPORTANCE The emergence and reemergence of pathogens such as Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and yellow fever virus have drawn attention toward other cocirculating arboviruses in South America. Oropouche virus (OROV) is a poorly studied pathogen responsible for over a dozen outbreaks since the early 1960s and represents a public health burden to countries such as Brazil, Panama, and Peru. OROV is likely underreported since its symptomatology can be easily confounded with other febrile illnesses (e.g., dengue fever and leptospirosis) and point-of-care testing for the virus is still uncommon. With limited data, there is a need to optimize the information currently available. Analysis of OROV genomes can help us understand how the virus circulates in nature and can reveal the evolutionary forces that shape the genetic diversity of the virus, which has implications for molecular diagnostics and the design of potential vaccines.
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Xia H, Liu R, Zhao L, Sun X, Zheng Z, Atoni E, Hu X, Zhang B, Zhang G, Yuan Z. Characterization of Ebinur Lake Virus and Its Human Seroprevalence at the China-Kazakhstan Border. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3111. [PMID: 32082268 PMCID: PMC7002386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, rapidly increasing trade and travel across the China–Kazakhstan border has increased the potential risk of the introduction and exportation of vectors and their related diseases. The Ebinur Lake Nature Reserve is located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, near the China–Kazakhstan border, with a suitable ecosystem for mosquito breeding. In our previous work, a novel Orthobunyavirus species named Ebinur Lake virus (EBIV) was isolated in the reserve. To gain insights into the potential risk of EBIV in this region, we conducted a study that aimed to clearly outline EBIV’s biological characteristics and its human seroprevalence in this region. Phylogenetically, the analysis of all three segments of EBIV demonstrated that it belongs to the genus Orthobunyavirus, which is clustered in the Bunyamwera serogroup. EBIV replicated efficiently and caused cytopathic effects (CPEs) in vertebrate cells. The survival rates of the EBIV-challenged mice were 0 and 20% when inoculated with viral concentrations ≥104 or 102 plaque-forming units, respectively. For EBIV-infected mice, internal bleeding and pathological changes were observed. In addition, the overall immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody [1:4 by immunofluorescence assay (IFA)], immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (1:10 by IFA), and neutralizing antibody [90% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)] prevalence was 8.05, 12.3, and 0.95%, respectively, in the studied residents. In summary, EBIV is a new member of the Bunyamwera serogroup and is able to competently infect cells derived from mosquitoes, rodents, monkeys, or humans. Furthermore, EBIV caused severe disease and even death in challenged Kunming mice, and the antibodies against EBIV have been detected in local residents, indicating that the virus is a potential animal or human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Illumina (China), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Evans Atoni
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Wise EL, Márquez S, Mellors J, Paz V, Atkinson B, Gutierrez B, Zapata S, Coloma J, Pybus OG, Jackson SK, Trueba G, Fejer G, Logue CH, Pullan ST. Oropouche virus cases identified in Ecuador using an optimised qRT-PCR informed by metagenomic sequencing. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007897. [PMID: 31961856 PMCID: PMC6994106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) is responsible for outbreaks of Oropouche fever in parts of South America. We recently identified and isolated OROV from a febrile Ecuadorian patient, however, a previously published qRT-PCR assay did not detect OROV in the patient sample. A primer mismatch to the Ecuadorian OROV lineage was identified from metagenomic sequencing data. We report the optimisation of an qRT-PCR assay for the Ecuadorian OROV lineage, which subsequently identified a further five cases in a cohort of 196 febrile patients. We isolated OROV via cell culture and developed an algorithmically-designed primer set for whole-genome amplification of the virus. Metagenomic sequencing of the patient samples provided OROV genome coverage ranging from 68–99%. The additional cases formed a single phylogenetic cluster together with the initial case. OROV should be considered as a differential diagnosis for Ecuadorian patients with febrile illness to avoid mis-diagnosis with other circulating pathogens. Oropouche virus (OROV) causes outbreaks of febrile illness in areas of South and Central America and we recently identified it in Ecuador for the first time, using metagenomic sequencing. The genome sequence data revealed that the Ecuadorian strain of the virus was not detected using a published qRT-PCR, as it differed genetically at the binding site of the reverse primer. To address this, we developed a modified qRT-PCR that showed increased sensitivity for the Ecuadorian strain. This test detected OROV infection in 6 out of 196 febrile patients from Esmeraldas, Ecuador in 2016. OROV was isolated from positive patient samples, viral genome sequences were compared to publicly available OROV sequences. This revealed that the Ecuadorian cases are genetically distinct, suggesting that local transmission of the virus should not be ruled out. This work highlights the need for a better understanding of OROV dynamics in Ecuador and surrounding areas, the importance of considering OROV as a cause of fever in Ecuadorian patients and the possibility of selectively using metagenomic sequencing in parallel to traditional molecular techniques in patient testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Wise
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sully Márquez
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jack Mellors
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Verónica Paz
- Hospital Delfina Torres de Concha, Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | - Barry Atkinson
- Arthropod Genetics Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo Gutierrez
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Josefina Coloma
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon K. Jackson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gyorgy Fejer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H. Logue
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven T. Pullan
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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Rojas A, Stittleburg V, Cardozo F, Bopp N, Cantero C, López S, Bernal C, Mendoza L, Aguilar P, Pinsky BA, Guillén Y, Páez M, Waggoner JJ. Real-time RT-PCR for the detection and quantitation of Oropouche virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 96:114894. [PMID: 31727377 PMCID: PMC6906250 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) causes an acute, systemic febrile illness, and in certain regions of South America, this represents the second most common human arboviral infection after dengue virus. A new real-time RT-PCR was developed for OROV and reassortant species. The new OROV rRT-PCR proved linear across 6-7 orders of magnitude with a lower limit of 95% detection of 5.6-10.8 copies/μL. Upon testing dilutions of OROV and Iquitos virus reference genomic RNA, all dilutions with >10 copies/μL were detected in both the OROV rRT-PCR and a comparator molecular assay, but the OROV rRT-PCR detected more samples with ≤10 copies/μL (8/14 vs 0/13, respectively, P = 0.002). In a set of 100 acute-phase clinical samples from Paraguay patients with a suspected arboviral illness, no patients tested positive for OROV RNA using either assay. The OROV rRT-PCR provides a sensitive molecular assay for the study of this important yet neglected tropical arboviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rojas
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Victoria Stittleburg
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fátima Cardozo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública, Paraguay
| | - Nathen Bopp
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - César Cantero
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Sanny López
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Cynthia Bernal
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Laura Mendoza
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública, Paraguay
| | - Patricia Aguilar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yvalena Guillén
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Malvina Páez
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública, Paraguay
| | - Jesse J Waggoner
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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