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Zhang X, Lu H, Fan M, Tian W, Wang Y, Cui M, Jiang Y, Suo C, Zhang T, Jin L, Xu K, Chen X. Bidirectional mediation of bone mineral density and brain atrophy on their associations with gait variability. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8483. [PMID: 38605086 PMCID: PMC11009386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This mediation analysis aimed to investigate the associations among areal bone mineral density, mobility-related brain atrophy, and specific gait patterns. A total of 595 participants from the Taizhou Imaging Study, who underwent both gait and bone mineral density measurements, were included in this cross-sectional analysis. We used a wearable gait tracking device to collect quantitative gait parameters and then summarized them into independent gait domains with factor analysis. Bone mineral density was measured in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Magnetic resonance images were obtained on a 3.0-Tesla scanner, and the volumes of brain regions related to mobility were computed using FreeSurfer. Lower bone mineral density was found to be associated with higher gait variability, especially at the site of the lumbar spine (β = 0.174, FDR = 0.001). Besides, higher gait variability was correlated with mobility-related brain atrophy, like the primary motor cortex (β = 0.147, FDR = 0.006), sensorimotor cortex (β = 0.153, FDR = 0.006), and entorhinal cortex (β = 0.106, FDR = 0.043). Bidirectional mediation analysis revealed that regional brain atrophy contributed to higher gait variability through the low lumbar spine bone mineral density (for the primary motor cortex, P = 0.018; for the sensorimotor cortex, P = 0.010) and the low lumbar spine bone mineral density contributed to higher gait variability through the primary motor and sensorimotor cortices (P = 0.026 and 0.010, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heyang Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Fan
- Taixing Disease Control and Prevention Center, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhong Tian
- Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Jiang
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Suo
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Jin
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kelin Xu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xingdong Chen
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
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Ayeni EA, Aldossary AM, Ayejoto DA, Gbadegesin LA, Alshehri AA, Alfassam HA, Afewerky HK, Almughem FA, Bello SM, Tawfik EA. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications of Environmental and Climatic Influences on Neurotransmitters and Neuronal Hormones Activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912495. [PMID: 36231792 PMCID: PMC9564880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuronal-related diseases are major public health concerns. Human vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) increases with age. Neuronal hormones and neurotransmitters are major determinant factors regulating brain structure and functions. The implications of environmental and climatic changes emerged recently as influence factors on numerous diseases. However, the complex interaction of neurotransmitters and neuronal hormones and their depletion under environmental and climatic influences on NDDs are not well established in the literature. In this review, we aim to explore the connection between the environmental and climatic factors to NDDs and to highlight the available and potential therapeutic interventions that could use to improve the quality of life and reduce susceptibility to NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A. Ayeni
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel A. Ayejoto
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Lanre A. Gbadegesin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya A. Alfassam
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henok K. Afewerky
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Allied Health Professions, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara P.O. Box 1220, Eritrea
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saidu M. Bello
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
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Darbellay J, Cox B, Lai K, Delgado-Ortega M, Wheler C, Wilson D, Walker S, Starrak G, Hockley D, Huang Y, Mutwiri G, Potter A, Gilmour M, Safronetz D, Gerdts V, Karniychuk U. Zika Virus Causes Persistent Infection in Porcine Conceptuses and may Impair Health in Offspring. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:73-86. [PMID: 29097124 PMCID: PMC5704061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women vary from the birth of asymptomatic offspring to abnormal development and severe brain lesions in fetuses and infants. There are concerns that offspring affected in utero and born without apparent symptoms may develop mental illnesses. Therefore, animal models are important to test interventions against in utero infection and health sequelae in symptomatic and likely more widespread asymptomatic offspring. To partially reproduce in utero infection in humans, we directly inoculated selected porcine conceptuses with ZIKV. Inoculation resulted in rapid trans-fetal infections, persistent infection in conceptuses, molecular pathology in fetal brains, fetal antibody and type I interferon responses. Offspring infected in utero showed ZIKV in their fetal membranes collected after birth. Some in utero affected piglets were small, depressed, had undersized brains, and showed seizures. Some piglets showed potentially increased activity. Our data suggest that porcine model of persistent in utero ZIKV infection has a strong potential for translational research and can be used to test therapeutic interventions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Darbellay
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Brian Cox
- Department of Physiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lai
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mario Delgado-Ortega
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Colette Wheler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Donald Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Stewart Walker
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Gregory Starrak
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Duncan Hockley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Yanyun Huang
- Prairie Diagnostic Services, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - George Mutwiri
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Potter
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Matthew Gilmour
- Canada National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Canada National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Uladzimir Karniychuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Schumacher F, Chakraborty S, Kleuser B, Gulbins E, Schwerdtle T, Aschner M, Bornhorst J. Highly sensitive isotope-dilution liquid-chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem-mass spectrometry approach to study the drug-mediated modulation of dopamine and serotonin levels in Caenorhabditis elegans. Talanta 2015; 144:71-9. [PMID: 26452793 PMCID: PMC4600537 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (SRT) are monoamine neurotransmitters that play a key role in regulating the central and peripheral nervous system. Their impaired metabolism has been implicated in several neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and depression. Consequently, it is imperative to monitor changes in levels of these low-abundant neurotransmitters and their role in mediating disease. For the first time, a rapid, specific and sensitive isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of DA and SRT in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). This model organism offers a unique approach for studying the effect of various drugs and environmental conditions on neurotransmitter levels, given by the conserved DA and SRT biology, including synaptic release, trafficking and formation. We introduce a novel sample preparation protocol incorporating the usage of sodium thiosulfate in perchloric acid as extraction medium that assures high recovery of the relatively unstable neurotransmitters monitored. Moreover, the use of both deuterated internal standards and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technique allows for unequivocal quantification. Thereby, to the best of our knowledge, we achieve a detection sensitivity that clearly exceeds those of published DA and SRT quantification methods in various matrices. We are the first to show that exposure of C. elegans to the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor selegiline or the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor tolcapone, in order to block DA and SRT degradation, resulted in accumulation of the respective neurotransmitter. Assessment of a behavioral output of the dopaminergic system (basal slowing response) corroborated the analytical LC-MS/MS data. Thus, utilization of the C. elegans model system in conjunction with our analytical method is well-suited to investigate drug-mediated modulation of the DA and SRT system in order to identify compounds with neuroprotective or regenerative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Liu WL, Hsu YF, Liu YW, Singco B, Chen SW, Huang HY, Chin TY. Capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence detection of rat brain catecholamines with microwave-assisted derivatization. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3008-11. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology at CYCU; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology at CYCU; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li; Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology at CYCU; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li; Taiwan
| | - Brenda Singco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology at CYCU; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li; Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology at CYCU; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li; Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Ya Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology at CYCU; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li; Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chin
- Department of Bioscience Technology at CYCU; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li; Taiwan
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Liu YQ, Cheng MC, Wang LX, Zhao N, Xiao HB, Wang ZT. Functional Analysis of Cultured Neural Cells for Evaluating Cold/Cool- and Hot/Warm-Natured Chinese Herbs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 36:771-81. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08006223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, modern scientific research has been required to understand pharmacological basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory based on the ancient clinical experience, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of Chinese herbs. Here, 20 Chinese herbs, classified into 4 properties (hot, warm, cold and cool) of TCM, were analyzed for their ability to exhibit antioxidant action, to enhance glucose uptake by murine microglia N9 cells, and to influence neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) release from rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. We found a generally protective effect of both hot/warm-natured and cold/cool-natured herbs against H 2 O 2-induced N9 cell death, partially by elevating superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Glucose uptake was elevated after treatment with some hot/warm-natured herbs. In addition, most herbs with hot/warm nature tended to stimulate NE release, while such stimulatory effect was not observed in the herbs with cold/cool nature. Two cold/cool-natured herbs, Rhizoma coptidis and Radix scutellariae, even significantly suppressed the release. These results suggest that the distinct abilities of Chinese herbs to regulate neural cell functions appear to be correlated with their natures identified in traditional TCM theory, and may be a useful guide for their utility in neural degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meng-Chun Cheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Long-Xing Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xiao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai Universtiy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, China
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Development of a nano-electrospray MSn method for the analysis of serotonin and related compounds in urine using a LTQ-orbitrap mass spectrometer. Talanta 2012; 90:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Development of an LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of serotonin and related compounds in urine and the identification of a potential biomarker for attention deficit hyperactivity/hyperkinetic disorder. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2481-93. [PMID: 21866401 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is a major neurotransmitter and affects various functions both in the brain and in the rest of the body. It has been demonstrated that altered serotinergic function is implicated in various psychiatric disorders including depression and schizophrenia. Serotonin has also been implicated along with dopamine in attention deficit-hyperkinetic disorder (AD-HKD). This study provides a versatile validated method for the analysis of serotonin, hydroxyindole acetic acid and dopamine in urine using LC-MS/MS. This method was then used to quantify these analytes in a test group of 17 children diagnosed with severe AD-HKD. This group was compared to a matched control group to investigate the possibility that one of these compounds may be a potential biomarker for this condition. The developed method provided good linear calibration curves for the multiplex assay of analytes in urine (0.05-3.27 nmol/L; R(2) ≥ 0.9977). Acceptable inter-day repeatability was achieved for all analytes with RSD values (n = 9) ranging from 1.1% to 9.3% over a concentration range of 0.11-3.27 μmol/L in urine. Excellent limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were achieved with LODs of 8.8-18.2 nmol/L and the LOQs of 29.4-55.7 nmol/L for analytes in urine. Recoveries were in the ranges of 98-104%, 100-106% and 91-107% for serotonin, 5-HIAA and dopamine, respectively. An appropriate sample clean-up procedure for urine was developed to ensure efficient recovery and reproducibility on analysis. Evaluation of matrix effects was also carried out and the influence of ion suppression on analytical results reported. Confirmatory analysis was carried out on a linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer to obtain high mass accuracy data of the target analytes in the clinical samples.
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The pig as a model animal for studying cognition and neurobehavioral disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2011; 7:359-83. [PMID: 21287323 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2010_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In experimental animal research, a short phylogenetic distance, i.e., high resemblance between the model species and the species to be modeled is expected to increase the relevance and generalizability of results obtained in the model species. The (mini)pig shows multiple advantageous characteristics that have led to an increase in the use of this species in studies modeling human medical issues, including neurobehavioral (dys)functions. For example, the cerebral cortex of pigs, unlike that of mice or rats, has cerebral convolutions (gyri and sulci) similar to the human neocortex. We expect that appropriately chosen pig models will yield results of high translational value. However, this claim still needs to be substantiated by research, and the area of pig research is still in its infancy. This chapter provides an overview of the pig as a model species for studying cognitive dysfunctions and neurobehavioral disorders and their treatment, along with a discussion of the pros and cons of various tests, as an aid to researchers considering the use of pigs as model animal species in biomedical research.
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Autoantibodies in patients with Alzheimer's disease: pathogenetic role and potential use as biomarkers of disease progression. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 9:807-11. [PMID: 20656067 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that autoantibodies specific to distinct molecular antigens are present in sera or cerebrospinal fluids from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). They could have a protective (i.e., anti-β-amyloid) or a pathogenetic role (i.e., anti-GM1 or anti-ATP synthase) but, in any case, they might be considered as useful diagnostic or prognostic markers of the disease. In this review, we briefly summarize the autoantibodies known to be detectable in patients with AD and we discuss their potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as their potential use as peripheral blood biomarkers.
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Autoimmune pathology accounts for common manifestations in a wide range of neuro-psychiatric disorders: the olfactory and immune system interrelationship. Clin Immunol 2008; 130:235-43. [PMID: 19097945 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Smell has traditionally been considered a less important sense when compared to sight or hearing, but recent research has unraveled important features inherent to the sense of smell. Once considered just a chemical sensor for sampling the environment, data from animal models and human studies currently imply numerous and complex effects of smell on behavior, mood, and on the immune response. In this review we discuss a possible inter-relationship between olfactory impairment, autoimmunity and neurological/psychiatric symptoms in several diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) such as Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease, autism, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus. We suggest that common manifestations are not mere coincidences. Current data from animal models show that neuropsychiatric manifestations are intimately associated with smell impairment, and autoimmune dysregulation, via autoantibodies (anti-NMDAR, anti-ribosomal P) or other mechanisms. From clues of pathological manifestations, we propose a novel approach to the understanding of the interactions between the CNS, the smell and the immune system.
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12
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Seripa D, Franceschi M, D'Onofrio G, Panza F, Cascavilla L, Paris F, Placentino G, Matera MG, Solfrizzi V, Pilotto A. Polymorphism C in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) in questionable dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2008; 438:335-9. [PMID: 18490109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) shows a 22-bp tandem repeat polymorphism, indicated as polymorphism C, that has been associated to depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, memory impairment, and anxiety. Less clear are data regarding its association with Alzheimer's disease (AD). No data were reported regarding its association with questionable dementia (QD). In this study we investigate for polymorphism C in the SLC6A4 gene 302 elderly subjects with a clinical diagnosis of AD (n=105), QD (n=88) and no cognitive impairment (n=114) attending a geriatric ward. A community-dwelling sample of 390 healthy subjects was also included in the analysis. A significant higher prevalence of the C16/C16 genotype in AD than in QD was observed (37.14% vs. 3%; p=0.041, OR 2.001, 95%CI 1.018-4.024), while no differences in the C16/C14 and C14/C14 genotypes as well as in the estimated allele frequencies were found. No further differences among the three groups of subjects were found, also when they were compared with the community-dwelling sample. These findings suggest that SLC6A4 gene variation may have only a minor role, if any, in AD or QD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
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Trabace L, Kendrick KM, Castrignanò S, Colaianna M, De Giorgi A, Schiavone S, Lanni C, Cuomo V, Govoni S. Soluble amyloid beta1-42 reduces dopamine levels in rat prefrontal cortex: relationship to nitric oxide. Neuroscience 2007; 147:652-63. [PMID: 17560043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest a pivotal role of amyloid beta (Abeta)(1-42) and nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. NO also possess central neuromodulatory properties. To study the soluble Abeta(1-42) effects on dopamine concentrations in rat prefrontal cortex, microdialysis technique was used. We showed that i.c.v. injection or retrodialysis Abeta(1-42) administration reduced basal and K(+)-stimulated dopamine levels, measured 2 and 48 h after peptide administration. Immunofluorescent experiments revealed that after 48 h from i.c.v. injection Abeta(1-42) was no longer detectable in the ventricular space. We then evaluated the role of NO on Abeta(1-42)-induced reduction in dopamine concentrations. Subchronic L-arginine administration decreased basal dopamine levels, measured either 2 h after i.c.v. Abeta(1-42) or on day 2 post-injection, whereas subchronic 7-nitroindazole administration increased basal dopamine concentrations, measured 2 h after i.c.v. Abeta(1-42) injection, and decreased them when measured on day 2 post-Abeta(1-42)-injection. No dopaminergic response activity was observed after K(+) stimulation in all groups. These results suggest that the dopaminergic system seems to be acutely vulnerable to soluble Abeta(1-42) effects. Finally, the opposite role of NO occurring at different phases might be regarded as a possible link between Abeta(1-42)-induced effects and dopaminergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Trabace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Gruden MA, Davidova TB, Malisauskas M, Sewell RDE, Voskresenskaya NI, Wilhelm K, Elistratova EI, Sherstnev VV, Morozova-Roche LA. Differential neuroimmune markers to the onset of Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration and dementia: Autoantibodies to Aβ(25–35) oligomers, S100b and neurotransmitters. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 186:181-92. [PMID: 17477976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 03/10/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) autoimmunity is a focus for dementia prevention. Generated autoantibodies against major etiopathogenic molecular targets as neuroimmune markers of dementia were measured by ELISA in patient sera. Biphasic antibody levels to Abeta((25-35)) oligomers, S100b and DA were detected during distinctly diagnosed dementia stages. Abeta((25-35)) oligomer autoimmune responses reflected mild to moderate AD dementia, while those to S100b, DA and the S100b concentrations, matched moderate to severe dementia progression. 5-HT antibodies increased during mild dementia and plateaued thereafter. This autoimmunity pattern may be used as a differential biomarker profile in designing AD therapeutic strategies involving early vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Gruden
- P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, RAMS, Moscow, Russia
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