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Gotlib IH, Buthmann JL, Uy JP. The growing interdisciplinarity of developmental psychopathology: Implications for science and training. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38516854 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The field of developmental psychopathology has grown exponentially over the past decades, and has become increasingly multifaceted. The initial focus on understanding abnormal child psychology has broadened to the study of the origins of psychopathology, with the goals of preventing and alleviating disorder and promoting healthy development. In this paper, we discuss how technological advances and global events have expanded the questions that researchers in developmental psychopathology can address. We do so by describing a longitudinal study that we have been conducting for the past dozen years. We originally planned to examine the effects of early adversity on trajectories of brain development, endocrine function, and depressive symptoms across puberty; it has since become an interdisciplinary study encompassing diverse domains like inflammation, sleep, biological aging, the environment, and child functioning post-pandemic, that we believe will advance our understanding of neurobehavioral development. This increase in the breadth in our study emerged from an expansion of the field; we encourage researchers to embrace these dynamic changes. In this context, we discuss challenges, opportunities, and institutional changes related to the growing interdisciplinarity of the field with respect to training the next generation of investigators to mitigate the burden of mental illness in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jessica P Uy
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Air pollution: A systematic review of its psychological, economic, and social effects. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 32:52-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Díaz J, López-Bueno JA, López-Ossorio JJ, Gónzález JL, Sánchez F, Linares C. Short-term effects of traffic noise on suicides and emergency hospital admissions due to anxiety and depression in Madrid (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136315. [PMID: 31923678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies show a relationship between some mental illnesses and suicides and different environmental variables such as air pollution, characterized by stress at the neuropsychological level. Despite the fact that traffic noise is also a powerful neurological stressor, studies that relate traffic noise to these mental disorders are practically non-existent. The objective is to analyze the short-term impact that chemical air pollution, traffic noise and thermal extremes have on emergency hospital admissions due to anxiety, dementia and suicides in the city of Madrid. This ecological, longitudinal study uses generalized linear models with Poisson link to analyze the short-term impact of the average daily concentrations of chemical pollutants (NO2, PM10, PM2.5, O3), noise pollution indicators (Leqday, Leqnight and Leq24h) and temperatures during heat waves (Theat) and cold waves (Tcold) on daily admissions to emergency services in the city of Madrid from 2010 to 2013 due to anxiety (ICD-10: F32), depression (ICD-10: F40-F42) and suicide (ICD-10: X60-X84). The results show no association between any of the chemical pollutants considered and the dependent variables studied. On the contrary, the values of Leqday are associated with the three variables analyzed in lag 0 for the cases of anxiety and depression and in lag 1 for suicides, with RR: 1.20 (IC95% 1.14 1.26), RR: 1.11 (IC95% 1.06 1.16) and RR: 1.17 (IC95% 1.05 1.30), respectively, for increases of 1 dB(A) in the values of Leqday. An association was also found between Tcold and admissions for anxiety in lag 9 with RR: 1.62 (IC95% 1.18 2.22) for increases of 1 °C in the values of Tcold. Traffic noise can be considered an important risk factor related to the illnesses and anxiety and depression and for suicides in the city of Madrid, although new studies are needed to support the findings shown here.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Díaz
- National School of Public Health Carlos III Institute of Health Madrid, Spain.
| | - J A López-Bueno
- National School of Public Health Carlos III Institute of Health Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J L Gónzález
- State Secretariat for Security Ministry of Interior Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sánchez
- State Secretariat for Security Ministry of Interior Madrid, Spain
| | - C Linares
- National School of Public Health Carlos III Institute of Health Madrid, Spain
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Yue JL, Liu H, Li H, Liu JJ, Hu YH, Wang J, Lu L, Wang F. Association between ambient particulate matter and hospitalization for anxiety in China: A multicity case-crossover study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 223:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yang CY, Huang YT, Chiu HF. Does ambient ozone air pollution trigger suicide attempts? A case cross-over analysis in Taipei. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:638-644. [PMID: 31298077 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1640980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies indicated that exposure to ambient air pollutants was associated with increased mortality rates attributed to suicide. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between ambient ozone (O3) levels and daily number of hospital admissions for suicide attempts in Taipei for the period 2008-2012 using a time-stratified case-crossover analysis. In the single-pollutant model (without adjustment for other pollutants), the risk of committing a suicide attempt increased by 9% on warm days and 27% on cool days for each interquartile range (IQR) rise in O3 levels, respectively. The concentration of O3 was thus significantly associated with daily number of suicide attempts both on warm and cool days. In the two-pollutant models, O3 levels remained significant after the inclusion of other air pollutants (particulate matter (PM10), PM2.5, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO)) on cool days. However, on warm days, no significant correlation was found between O3 levels and reported daily number of suicide attempts. The relationship between O3 and suicide attempts appeared to be dependent upon temperature; however, the basis for these observations requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuh Yang
- a Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Huang
- b National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute , Miaoli , Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Chiu
- c Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan
- d Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Yang CY, Weng YH, Chiu YW. Relationship between ozone air pollution and daily suicide mortality: a time-stratified case-crossover study in Taipei. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:261-267. [PMID: 30870114 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1589109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies suggested short-term exposure to air pollution might be associated with suicide mortality, although results have been inconsistent and vary depending upon the type of air contaminants. While seasonal variation associated with suicide was reported to occur and that in the spring and early summer there are peaks in ozone (O3) distribution, the relationship between these two parameters is not known. The aim of this study was to examine the potential association between O3 levels and daily mortality rate related to suicide in Taipei for the period 2004-2008 using a time-stratified case-crossover analysis. In our single pollutant model without adjustment for other pollutants, the risk of suicide increased by 11% on warm days and 15% on cool days for each interquartile range (IQR) rise in O3 concentration, respectively. The relationship was positive but did not reach significance. In our two-pollutant models, O3 remained non-significant on warm days after inclusion of one of any other ambient air contaminants into the model. However, on cool days, a significant association was found between O3 levels and enhanced risk of mortality due to suicide after nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or carbon monoxide (CO) were included. The overall positive but not significant findings of elevated risk of mortality frequently attributed to suicide on days with higher O3 levels suggest that outdoor exposures to this gaseous contaminant may contribute to increases in daily mortality rate related to suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuh Yang
- a Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- b National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute , Miaoli , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Weng
- c Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- d Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health and Nutrition , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Li P, Wang J, Wang X, Ding Q, Bai X, Zhang Y, Su D, Zhang W, Zhang W, Tang B. In situ visualization of ozone in the brains of mice with depression phenotypes by using a new near-infrared fluorescence probe. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2805-2810. [PMID: 30997001 PMCID: PMC6425856 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04891f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3), one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), is deeply involved in diseases including depression. However, the lack of appropriate in situ detection methods suitable for the complex biological context of brain impedes uncovering the exact relationship between depression and changes in the O3 level. Therefore, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (ACy7) for the direct visualization of O3 in mice brains. The specific cycloaddition reaction between O3 and the terminal double bond of the butenyl group extends the conjugation of the "pre-" heptamethine cyanine system, which emits NIR fluorescence of heptamethine cyanine. This makes the ACy7 specific, highly sensitive and able to deeply penetrate tissue. Using ACy7, we found that under glutamate stimulation, the O3 content in PC12 cells was significantly higher than that in control cells. By imaging analysis on the brains of mice, we revealed for the first time that the levels of O3 in mice with depression phenotypes were markedly higher than that in control mice. Intriguingly, experimental results unravelled that excess O3 promoted high expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), which ultimately induced depression phenotypes. Our work demonstrates the pivotal role of elevated O3 in depression and provides a fresh entry point for exploring oxidative stress contributing to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Jijuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Qi Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Xiaoyi Bai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Yandi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Di Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China .
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Lee H, Myung W, Kim SE, Kim DK, Kim H. Ambient air pollution and completed suicide in 26 South Korean cities: Effect modification by demographic and socioeconomic factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:944-951. [PMID: 29929333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been recently associated with suicide mortality. However, limited studies have examined possible effect modification of the association by various demographic and socioeconomic factors, despite their crucial roles on suicide risk. In 73,445 completed suicide cases from 26 South Korean cities from 2002 to 2013, we studied the association of suicide risk with exposure to particles <10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO), using a city-specific conditional logistic regression analysis with a case-crossover design. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the results. We considered a delayed effect of air pollution by constructing lags of up to 7 days. We explored effect modification by demographic and socioeconomic factors (sex, age, education level, job, and marital status) as well as place of death, method of suicide, and season, through stratified subgroup analyses. Among five pollutants, NO2 showed the strongest association at immediate lags (percent change in odds ratio; PM10: 1.2% [95% CI, 0.2%, 2.3%]; NO2: 4.3% [95% CI, 1.9%, 6.7%]; SO2: 2.2% [95% CI, 0.7%, 3.8%]; O3: 1.5% [95% CI, -0.3%, 3.2%]; and CO: 2.4% [95% CI, 0.9%, 3.8%] per interquartile range increase at lag0). In subgroup analyses by socioeconomic factors, stronger associations were observed in the male sex, the elderly, those with lower education status, white-collar workers, and the married; the largest association was an 11.0% increase (95% CI, 4.1%, 18.4%) by NO2 among white-collar workers. We add evidence of effect modification of the association between air pollution exposure and suicide risk by various demographic and socioeconomic factors. These findings can serve as the basis for suicide prevention strategies by providing information regarding susceptible subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13619, South Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13619, South Korea
| | - Satbyul Estella Kim
- Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Doh Kwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Zhao T, Markevych I, Romanos M, Nowak D, Heinrich J. Ambient ozone exposure and mental health: A systematic review of epidemiological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:459-472. [PMID: 29728258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have suggested adverse effects of air pollution on mental health. Given the potentially negative impacts of ozone exposure on the immune and nervous system driven from animal experiments, ozone might also affect mental health. However, no systematic synthesis of the relevant literature has been conducted yet. This paper reviews the studies that assessed the link between ozone exposure and mental health thus far. METHODS We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched for epidemiological studies on ambient ozone exposure and mental or behavioral disorders according to the International Classification of Disease. The period was from January 1st, 1960 to December 14st, 2017. We evaluated the risk of bias by the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Approach and Navigation Guide for each included study. RESULTS The keyword search yielded 567 results. 31 papers met the selection criteria and were included in the review. We found only inconclusive evidence that ozone affects autism spectrum disorders, impairment of cognitive functions and dementia, depression, and suicide. The large heterogeneity of study designs, outcome definitions and study quality in general prevented us from conducting meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence for an association between ambient ozone exposure and mental health outcomes is inconclusive and further high quality studies are needed to assess any potential links given the strong biologic plausibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Centre of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Seltenrich N. Air Pollution and Suicide: Exploring a Potential Risk Factor. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:074002. [PMID: 30059010 PMCID: PMC6108843 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Szyszkowicz M, Thomson EM, Colman I, Rowe BH. Ambient air pollution exposure and emergency department visits for substance abuse. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199826. [PMID: 29958279 PMCID: PMC6025868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence supporting the notion that exposure to air pollution can contribute to cognitive and psychiatric disorders, including depression and suicide. Given the relationship between exposure to acute stressors and substance abuse, the present study assessed the association between exposure to ambient air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for alcohol and drug abuse. ED visit data selected according to International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) coding 303 (alcohol dependence syndromes) and 305 (non-dependent abuse of drugs) were collected in five hospitals in Edmonton, Canada. A time-stratified case crossover design was used. Conditional logistic regression was applied to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Season, temperature, and relative humidity were adjusted for using natural splines. Results are reported for an increase in pollutant concentrations equivalent to one interquartile range (IQR). Statistically significant positive associations with substance abuse were observed for CO, NO2 and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The strongest results were obtained in the cold period (October–March) for 1-day lagged CO (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05, IQR = 0.4 ppm) and NO2 (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07, IQR = 12.8 ppb); ORs were also significant for CO and NO2 with lags of 2 to 6 days and 2 to 7 days, respectively. The study suggests that, even at low levels, increases in ambient CO, NO2, and PMs are associated with increased hospital admissions for substance abuse, possibly as a result of impacts of air quality on mental health or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brian H. Rowe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Fernández-Niño JA, Astudillo-García CI, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Florez-Garcia VA. Association between air pollution and suicide: a time series analysis in four Colombian cities. Environ Health 2018; 17:47. [PMID: 29751838 PMCID: PMC5948878 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that air pollution could be associated with suicide. However, other studies have criticized these results for being analytically weak and not taking into account potential confounding factors. As such, further studies examining the relationship under diverse contexts are necessary to help clarify this issue. This study explored the association between specific air pollutants (NO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO and O3) and suicide incidence in four Colombian cities after adjusting for climatic variables and holidays. METHODS A time series of daily suicides among men and women living in Bogota, Medellin, Cali and Bucaramanga was generated using information from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) for the years 2011-2014. At the same time, the average daily concentration of each air pollutant for each city was obtained from monitoring stations belonging to the National Air Quality Surveillance System. Using this information together, we generated conditional Poisson models (stratified by day, month and year) for the suicide rate in men and women, with air pollutants as the principal explanatory variable. These models were adjusted for temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and holidays. RESULTS No association was found between any of the examined pollutants and suicide: NO2 (IRR:0.99, 95% CI: 0.95-1.04), SO2 (IRR:0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.01), PM10 (IRR:0.99, 95% CI:0.95-1.03), PM2.5 (IRR:1.01, 95% CI: 0.98-1.05), CO (IRR:1.00, 95% CI:1.00-1.00) and O3 (IRR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.96-1.04). In the same way, no association was found in stratified models by sex and age group neither in lagged and cumulative effects models. CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for major confounding factors, we found no statistically significant association between air pollution and suicide in Colombia. These "negative" results provide further insight into the current discussion regarding the existence of such a relationship.
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Ragguett RM, Cha DS, Subramaniapillai M, Carmona NE, Lee Y, Yuan D, Rong C, McIntyre RS. Air pollution, aeroallergens and suicidality: a review of the effects of air pollution and aeroallergens on suicidal behavior and an exploration of possible mechanisms. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:343-359. [PMID: 28915125 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Risk factors for suicide can be broadly categorized as sociodemographic, clinical and treatment. There is interest in environmental risk and protection factors for suicide. Emerging evidence suggests a link between environmental factors in the form of air pollution and aeroallergens in relation to suicidality. METHODS Herein, we conducted a systematic review of 15 articles which have met inclusion criteria on the aforementioned effects. RESULTS The majority of the reviewed articles reported an increased suicide risk alongside increased air pollutants or aeroallergens (i.e. pollen) increase; however, not all environmental factors were explored equally. In specific, studies that were delimited to evaluating particulate matter (PM) reported a consistent association with suicidality. We also provide a brief description of putative mechanisms (e.g. inflammation and neurotransmitter dysregulation) that may mediate the association between air pollution, aeroallergens and suicidality. CONCLUSION Available evidence suggests that exposure to harmful air quality may be associated with suicidality. There are significant public health implications which are amplified in regions and countries with greater levels of air pollution and aeroallergens. In addition, those with atopic sensitivity may represent a specific subgroup that is at risk.
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Oudin A, Bråbäck L, Åström DO, Strömgren M, Forsberg B. Association between neighbourhood air pollution concentrations and dispensed medication for psychiatric disorders in a large longitudinal cohort of Swedish children and adolescents. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010004. [PMID: 27259522 PMCID: PMC4893847 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between exposure to air pollution and child and adolescent mental health. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Swedish National Register data on dispensed medications for a broad range of psychiatric disorders, including sedative medications, sleeping pills and antipsychotic medications, together with socioeconomic and demographic data and a national land use regression model for air pollution concentrations for NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. PARTICIPANTS The entire population under 18 years of age in 4 major counties. We excluded cohort members whose parents had dispensed a medication in the same medication group since the start date of the register. The cohort size was 552 221. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and their 95% CIs for the outcomes, adjusted for individual-level and group-level characteristics. RESULTS The average length of follow-up was 3.5 years, with an average number of events per 1000 cohort members of ∼21. The mean annual level of NO2 was 9.8 µg/m(3). Children and adolescents living in areas with higher air pollution concentrations were more likely to have a dispensed medication for a psychiatric disorder during follow-up (HR=1.09, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.12, associated with a 10 µg/m(3) increase in NO2). The association with NO2 was clearly present in 3 out of 4 counties in the study area; however, no statistically significant heterogeneity was detected. CONCLUSION There may be a link between exposure to air pollution and dispensed medications for certain psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents even at the relatively low levels of air pollution in the study regions. The findings should be corroborated by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oudin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Oudin Åström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Strömgren
- Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Szyszkowicz M, Kousha T, Kingsbury M, Colman I. Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits for Depression: A Multicity Case-Crossover Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2016; 10:155-61. [PMID: 27597809 PMCID: PMC5006648 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s40493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between ambient air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for depression. METHODS Health data were retrieved from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. ED visits for depression were retrieved from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), Tenth revision codes; ICD-10: F32 (mild depressive episode) and ICD-10: F33 (recurrent depressive disorder). A case-crossover design was employed for this study. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios. RESULTS For females, exposure to ozone was associated with increased risk of an ED visit for depression between 1 and 7 days after exposure, for males, between 1 and 5, and 8 days after exposure, with odds ratios ranging between 1.02 and 1.03. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, as hypothesized, there is a positive association between exposure to air pollution and ED visits for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Termeh Kousha
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mila Kingsbury
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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16
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Power MC, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Hart JE, Okereke OI, Laden F, Weisskopf MG. The relation between past exposure to fine particulate air pollution and prevalent anxiety: observational cohort study. BMJ 2015; 350:h1111. [PMID: 25810495 PMCID: PMC4373600 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether higher past exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with prevalent high symptoms of anxiety. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING Nurses' Health Study. PARTICIPANTS 71,271 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study residing throughout the contiguous United States who had valid estimates on exposure to particulate matter for at least one exposure period of interest and data on anxiety symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Meaningfully high symptoms of anxiety, defined as a score of 6 points or greater on the phobic anxiety subscale of the Crown-Crisp index, administered in 2004. RESULTS The 71,271 eligible women were aged between 57 and 85 years (mean 70 years) at the time of assessment of anxiety symptoms, with a prevalence of high anxiety symptoms of 15%. Exposure to particulate matter was characterized using estimated average exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and 2.5 to 10 μm in diameter (PM2.5-10) in the one month, three months, six months, one year, and 15 years prior to assessment of anxiety symptoms, and residential distance to the nearest major road two years prior to assessment. Significantly increased odds of high anxiety symptoms were observed with higher exposure to PM2.5 for multiple averaging periods (for example, odds ratio per 10 µg/m(3) increase in prior one month average PM2.5: 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.19; in prior 12 month average PM2.5: 1.15, 1.06 to 1.26). Models including multiple exposure windows suggested short term averaging periods were more relevant than long term averaging periods. There was no association between anxiety and exposure to PM2.5-10. Residential proximity to major roads was not related to anxiety symptoms in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with high symptoms of anxiety, with more recent exposures potentially more relevant than more distant exposures. Research evaluating whether reductions in exposure to ambient PM2.5 would reduce the population level burden of clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda C Power
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | | | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
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17
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Kim Y, Myung W, Won HH, Shim S, Jeon HJ, Choi J, Carroll BJ, Kim DK. Association between air pollution and suicide in South Korea: a nationwide study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117929. [PMID: 25693115 PMCID: PMC4333123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Suggestive associations of suicide with air pollutant concentrations have been reported. Recognizing regional and temporal variability of pollutant concentrations and of suicide, we undertook a detailed meta-analysis of completed suicides in relation to 5 major pollutants over 6 years in the 16 administrative regions of the Republic of Korea, while also controlling for other established influences on suicide rates. Of the 5 major pollutants examined, ozone concentrations had a powerful association with suicide rate, extending back to 4 weeks. Over the range of 2 standard deviations (SD) around the annual mean ozone concentration, the adjusted suicide rate increased by an estimated 7.8% of the annual mean rate. Particulate matter pollution also had a significant effect, strongest with a 4-week lag, equivalent to 3.6% of the annual mean rate over the same 2 SD range that approximated the half of annual observed range. These results strongly suggest deleterious effects of ozone and particulate matter pollution on the major public health problem of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junbae Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bernard J. Carroll
- Pacific Behavioral Research Foundation, Carmel, California, United States of America
| | - Doh Kwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Talaei A, Hedjazi A, Rezaei Ardani A, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Talaei A. The Relationship between Meteorological Conditions and Homicide, Suicide, Rage, and Psychiatric Hospitalization. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59:1397-402. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Talaei
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Arya Hedjazi
- Legal Medicine Research Center; Legal Medicine Organization; Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Rezaei Ardani
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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19
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Song TM, Song J, An JY, Jin D. Multivariate Analysis of Factors for Search on Suicide Using Social Big Data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.14367/kjhep.2013.30.3.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Thomson EM, Vladisavljevic D, Mohottalage S, Kumarathasan P, Vincent R. Mapping acute systemic effects of inhaled particulate matter and ozone: multiorgan gene expression and glucocorticoid activity. Toxicol Sci 2013; 135:169-81. [PMID: 23805001 PMCID: PMC3748763 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between air pollution and adverse effects that extend beyond respiratory and cardiovascular disease, including low birth weight, appendicitis, stroke, and neurological/neurobehavioural outcomes (e.g., neurodegenerative disease, cognitive decline, depression, and suicide). To gain insight into mechanisms underlying such effects, we mapped gene profiles in the lungs, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, cerebral hemisphere, and pituitary of male Fischer-344 rats immediately and 24h after a 4-h exposure by inhalation to particulate matter (0, 5, and 50mg/m3 EHC-93 urban particles) and ozone (0, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm). Pollutant exposure provoked differential expression of genes involved in a number of pathways, including antioxidant response, xenobiotic metabolism, inflammatory signalling, and endothelial dysfunction. The mRNA profiles, while exhibiting some interorgan and pollutant-specific differences, were remarkably similar across organs for a set of genes, including increased expression of redox/glucocorticoid-sensitive genes and decreased expression of inflammatory genes, suggesting a possible hormonal effect. Pollutant exposure increased plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and the glucocorticoid corticosterone, confirming activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and there was a corresponding increase in markers of glucocorticoid activity. Although effects were transient and presumably represent an adaptive response to acute exposure in these healthy animals, chronic activation and inappropriate regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are associated with adverse neurobehavioral, metabolic, immune, developmental, and cardiovascular effects. The experimental data are consistent with epidemiological associations of air pollutants with extrapulmonary health outcomes and suggest a mechanism through which such health effects may be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errol M Thomson
- Hazard Identification Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Müller H, Biermann T, Renk S, Reulbach U, Ströbel A, Kornhuber J, Sperling W. Higher Environmental Temperature and Global Radiation Are Correlated With Increasing Suicidality—A Localized Data Analysis. Chronobiol Int 2011; 28:949-57. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2011.618418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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Biermann T, Dippel O, Bergner M, Keller J, Coffey C, Sperling W, Bleich S, Kornhuber J, Reulbach U. Assaults in the elderly--a population-based study with victim and perpetrator characteristics. J Forensic Sci 2011; 56:669-73. [PMID: 21361939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present epidemiological study was to investigate characteristics of assaults in the elderly aged 65 years and above from the perspective of the victim and perpetrator. This population-based study included 23,142 assaults (according to §§ 224/226 StGB of German criminal law) that were recorded in Bavaria, Germany, from 1999 to 2005. The population-based ratio of serious crimes of battery for the elderly in comparison with the reference population was markedly lower (0.10; 95% CI: 0.09-0.11) in suspects aged more than 65 years and 0.08 (95% CI: 0.07-0.09) for the injured above 65 years. Elderly perpetrators differed significantly concerning the manner of the assault (p < 0.001). They committed less crimes in urban areas (56.1% vs. 68.8%) and were victimized significantly more in rural areas (p < 0.001; 41.2% vs. 30.2%). Violence in the elderly differs from that of the younger population. Further research is warranted to establish prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Biermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, D- 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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23
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Decomposing the association of completed suicide with air pollution, weather, and unemployment data at different time scales. J Affect Disord 2011; 129:275-81. [PMID: 20828830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has implicated environmental risk factors, such as meteorological variables, in suicide. However, studies have not investigated air pollution, known to induce acute medical conditions and increase mortality, in suicide. This study comprehensively assesses the temporal relationship between suicide and air pollution, weather, and unemployment variables in Taipei City from January 1 1991 to December 31 2008. METHODS This research used the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method to de-trend the suicide data into a set of intrinsic oscillations, called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Multiple linear regression analysis with forward stepwise method was used to identify significant predictors of suicide from a pool of air pollution, weather, and unemployment data, and to quantify the temporal association between decomposed suicide IMFs with these predictors at different time scales. RESULTS Findings of this study predicted a classic seasonal pattern of increased suicide occurring in early summer by increased air particulates and decreased barometric pressure, in which the latter was in accordance with increased temperature during the corresponding time. Gaseous air pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and ozone, were found to increase the risk of suicide at longer time scales. Decreased sunshine duration and sunspot activity predicted the increased suicide. After controlling for the unemployment factor, environmental risks predicted 33.7% of variance in the suicide data. CONCLUSIONS Using EMD analysis, this study found time-scale dependent associations between suicide and air pollution, weather and unemployment data. Contributing environmental risks may vary in different geographic regions and in different populations.
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Szyszkowicz M, Willey JB, Grafstein E, Rowe BH, Colman I. Air pollution and emergency department visits for suicide attempts in vancouver, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2010; 4:79-86. [PMID: 21079694 PMCID: PMC2978939 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s5662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity of depression, heart disease, and migraine has been observed in clinical practice, while ambient air pollution has been identified among different risk factors for these health conditions. Suicide attempts and ideations as the result of depression may be linked to air pollution exposure. Therefore the effects of ambient air pollution on emergency department (ED) visits for suicide attempts were investigated. METHODS Emergency visit data were collected in a hospital in Vancouver, Canada. The generalized linear mixed models technique was applied in the analysis of these data. A natural hierarchical structure of the data was used to define the clusters, with days nested in a 3-level structure (day of week, month, year). Poisson models were fitted to the clustered counts of ED visits with a single air pollutant, temperature and relative humidity. In addition, the case-crossover methodology was used with the same data for comparison. The analysis was performed by gender (all, males, females) and month (all: January-December, warm: April-September, cold: October-March). RESULTS Both hierarchical and case-crossover methods confirmed positive and statistically significant associations among carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), sulphur dioxide (SO(2)), and particulate matter (PM(10)) for all suicide attempts in the cold period. The largest increase was observed for males in the cold period for a 1-day lagged exposure to NO(2), with an excess risk of 23.9% (95% CI: 7.8, 42.4) and odds ratio of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.41). In warm months the associations were not statistically significant, and the highest positive value was obtained for ozone lagged by 1 day. CONCLUSION The results indicate a potential association between air pollution and emergency department visits for suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff B. Willey
- Air Quality Assessment Section, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Grafstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Providence Health Care and St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian H. Rowe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mokoena ML, Harvey BH, Oliver DW, Brink CB. Ozone modulates the effects of imipramine on immobility in the forced swim test, and nonspecific parameters of hippocampal oxidative stress in the rat. Metab Brain Dis 2010; 25:125-33. [PMID: 20455016 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-010-9189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression has been associated with oxidative stress. There is increased awareness of the role of environmental toxins in the development of mood disorders. Ozone, a pro-oxidant and environmental pollutant, has been noted to have central nervous system effects. We investigated the effects of acute and chronic ozone inhalation on the response of imipramine in the forced-swim test (FST) and on biomarkers of oxidative stress in rat hippocampus. Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 0.25 or 0.7 ppm ozone per inhalation 4 h daily for either 30 days (chronic) or once (acute). Animals were then injected intraperitoneally with imipramine (10 mg/kg) or saline 24, 5 and 1 h before the forced-swim test. Hippocampal superoxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation were measured. Imipramine evoked an antidepressant-like effect independent of acute or chronic ozone exposure. However, 0.7 ppm acute ozone and 0.25 ppm chronic ozone attenuated the antidepressant-like effects of imipramine. The ozone exposures also elevated hippocampal superoxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Importantly, imipramine reversed the lipid peroxidation induced by chronic ozone, thereby preventing cellular damage induced by oxidative stress. Ozone exposure presents a feasible model with etiological validity to investigate oxidative stress in depression and antidepressant action.
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26
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Air pollution and daily emergency department visits for depression. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2010; 22:355-62. [PMID: 20197262 DOI: 10.2478/v10001-009-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential correlation between ambient air pollution exposure and emergency department (ED) visits for depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hierarchical clusters design was used to study 27 047 ED visits for depression in six cities in Canada. The data used in the analysis contain the dates of visits, daily numbers of diagnosed visits, and daily mean concentrations of air pollutants as well as the meteorological factors. The generalized linear mixed models technique was applied to data analysis. Poisson models were fitted to the clustered counts of ED visits with a single air pollutant, temperature and relative humidity. RESULTS Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between the number of ED visits for depression and the air concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10). The percentage increase in daily ED visits was 15.5% (95% CI: 8.0-23.5) for CO per 0.8 ppm and 20.0% (95% CI: 13.3-27.2) for NO2 per 20.1 ppb, for same day exposure in the warm weather period (April-September). For PM10, the largest increase, 7.2% (95% CI: 3.0-11.6) per 19.4 ug/m3, was observed for the cold weather period (October-March). CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that ED visits for depressive disorder correlate with ambient air pollution, and that a large majority of this pollution results from combustion of fossil fuels (e.g. in motor vehicles).
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Ritz SA. Air pollution as a potential contributor to the 'epidemic' of autoimmune disease. Med Hypotheses 2009; 74:110-7. [PMID: 19665849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There has been remarkable progress over the past 20 years in pushing forward our understanding of many facets of autoimmune disease. Indeed, knowledge of the genetic basis of autoimmunity and the molecular and cellular pathways involved in its pathogenesis has reached an unprecedented level. Yet this knowledge has not served to prevent autoimmune disease nor to curtail the dramatic rise in its incidence over the same interval. Population-level genetic changes cannot explain this trend; thus, environmental factors are strongly implicated. Among the possible environmental contributors to autoimmune disease, air pollution exposure has received very little attention. Although there is only a small amount of published data directly examining a possible causal relationship between air pollution exposure and autoimmunity, data from related fields suggests that it could facilitate autoimmunity as well. If correct, this hypothesis could prove to have sizeable public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Ritz
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, East Campus - Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
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