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Saud B, Guha K, Iannacci J, Selishchev S, Sengupta P, Dutta A. Design and simulation of a microfluidics-based artificial glomerular ultrafiltration unit to reduce cell-induced fouling. Artif Organs 2024. [PMID: 39078122 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microfluidic-based Glomerulus-on-Chips (GoC) are mostly cell based, that is, 3D cell culture techniques are used to culture glomerular cells in order to mimic glomerular ultrafiltration. These chips require high maintenance to keep cell viability intact. There have been some approaches to build non-cell-based GoCs but many of these approaches have the drawback of membrane fouling. This article presents a structural design and simulation study of a dialysate free microfluidic channel for replicating the function of the human glomerular filtration barrier. The key advancement of the current work is addressing the fouling issue by combining a pre-filter to eliminate cellular components and performing filtration on the blood plasma. METHODS The Laminar Flow Mixture Model in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 has been utilized to simulate the behavior of blood flow in the microchannels. The geometrical effect of microchannels on the separation of the filtrate was investigated. The velocity at the inlet of the microchannel and pore size of the filtration membrane are varied to see the change in outflow and filtration fraction. RESULTS The efficiency of the device is calculated in terms of the filtration fraction (FF%) formed. Simulation results show that the filtrate obtained is ~20% of the plasma flow rate in the channel, which resembles the glomerular filtration fraction. CONCLUSION Given that it is not dependent on the functionality of grown cells, the proposed device is anticipated to have a longer lifespan due to its non-cell-based design. The device's cost can be reduced by avoiding cell cultivation inside of it. It can be integrated as a glomerular functional unit with other units of kidney model to build a fully developed artificial kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree Saud
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India
| | - Koushik Guha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India
| | - Jacopo Iannacci
- Center for Sensors and Devices (SD), Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy
| | - Sergei Selishchev
- National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Arindam Dutta
- RG Stone Urology & Laparoscopic Hospital, Kolkata, India
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2
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Moyer JC, Chivukula VK, Taheri-Tehrani P, Sandhu S, Blaha C, Fissell WH, Roy S. An arteriovenous mock circulatory loop and accompanying bond graph model for in vitro study of peripheral intravascular bioartificial organs. Artif Organs 2024; 48:336-346. [PMID: 38073602 PMCID: PMC10960694 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon nanopore membrane-based implantable bioartificial organs are dependent on arteriovenous implantation of a mechanically robust and biocompatible hemofilter. The hemofilter acts as a low-resistance, high-flow network, with blood flow physiology similar to arteriovenous shunts commonly created for hemodialysis access. A mock circulatory loop (MCL) that mimics shunt physiology is an essential tool for refinement and durability testing of arteriovenous implantable bioartificial organs and silicon blood-interfacing membranes. We sought to develop a compact and cost-effective MCL to replicate flow conditions through an arteriovenous shunt and used data from the MCL and swine to inform a bond graph mathematical model of the physical setup. METHODS Flow physiology through bioartificial organ prototypes was obtained in the MCL and during extracorporeal attachment to swine for biologic comparison. The MCL was tested for stability overtime by measuring pressurewave variability over a 48-h period. Data obtained in vitro and extracorporeally informed creation of a bond graph model of the MCL. RESULTS The arteriovenous MCL was a cost-effective, portable system that reproduced flow rates and pressures consistent with a pulsatile arteriovenous shunt as measured in swine. MCL performance was stable over prolonged use, providing a cost-effective simulator for enhanced testing of peripherally implanted bioartificial organ prototypes. The corresponding bond graph model recapitulates MCL and animal physiology, offering a tool for further refinement of the MCL system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett C. Moyer
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Venkat Keshav Chivukula
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Parsa Taheri-Tehrani
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sukhveer Sandhu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William H. Fissell
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Park I, Kim S, Brenden CK, Shi W, Iyer H, Bashir R, Vlasov Y. Highly Localized Chemical Sampling at Subsecond Temporal Resolution Enabled with a Silicon Nanodialysis Platform at Nanoliter per Minute Flows. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6963-6974. [PMID: 38378186 PMCID: PMC10919076 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Microdialysis (MD) is a versatile and powerful technique for chemical profiling of biological tissues and is widely used for quantification of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, metabolites, biomarkers, and drugs in the central nervous system as well as in dermatology, ophthalmology, and pain research. However, MD performance is severely limited by fundamental tradeoffs between chemical sensitivity, spatial resolution, and temporal response. Here, by using wafer-scale silicon microfabrication, we develop and demonstrate a nanodialysis (ND) sampling probe that enables highly localized chemical sampling with 100 μm spatial resolution and subsecond temporal resolution at high recovery rates. These performance metrics, which are 100-1000× superior to existing MD approaches, are enabled by a 100× reduction of the microfluidic channel cross-section, a corresponding drastic 100× reduction of flow rates to exceedingly slow few nL/min flows, and integration of a nanometer-thin nanoporous membrane with high transport flux into the probe sampling area. Miniaturized ND probes may allow for the minimally invasive and highly localized sampling and chemical profiling in live biological tissues with high spatiotemporal resolution for clinical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weihua Shi
- University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Hrishikesh Iyer
- University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Rashid Bashir
- University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Yurii Vlasov
- University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Zheng T, Li L, Zhu M. Adsorption Kinetics of Poly(benzyl acrylate) Chains onto Alumina Interface during the Flow-Driven Translocation through Cylindrical Nanochannels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13303-13315. [PMID: 37669096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the adsorption kinetics of the PBAN/AAO system under flushing condition has been investigated, where PBAN and AAO represent poly(benzyl acrylate) and anodic alumina oxide (AAO, average pore radius R0 ≈ 10 nm) nanochannel, respectively. Our specially designed double-pump flushing system is proved to eliminate the overshoot phenomenon and in situ monitor transmembrane pressure (ΔP) as a function of flushing time (t) and flow rate (Q), which gives the effective pore radius (R), cross-sectional coverage factor (χ = [1 - (R/R0)2]), and characteristic ratio (rc) of the increments of χ during each adsorption/desorption cycle at a given bulk solution concentration (Cbulk). Our findings include: (1) by gradient increasing Cbulk from 10 to 200 mg/L at Q = 10 mL/h, the shortest PBA40 displays a saturation adsorption behavior when Cbulk ≥ 80 mg/L and t ≥ 2000 s, which agrees well with the prediction of blob model, whereas for the longer PBAN chains, the chain length (N) and concentration-dependent adsorption tendency get stronger as N increases from 40 to 620 at t ≥ 2000 s, in particular, R/R0 ∼ N-0.20 is observed at Cbulk = 140 mg/L; (2) by focusing on the platform χ in the saturation adsorption regime (χsat), the longer PBAN displays a stronger adsorption trend with partially reversible feature at Q = 5.0 mL/h, namely, as N increases from 40 to 620, χsat increases from 0.15 to 0.83 at Cbulk = 100 mg/L, where rc changes from 0.25 ± 0.10 to 0.80 ± 0.10 as the adsorption/desorption flushing cycle increases from 1 to 8 at Cbulk = 100 mg/L; (3) by further assuming a solvent nonpenetrating and nondraining adsorption layer, χsat determined in the case of curved surface can be comparable to the physical meaning of adsorption thickness (Δad) in the case of flat-surface adsorption, and the fitting result indicates χsat ∼ Δad ∼ N0.58, falling between Δad ∼ N1/2 and Δad ∼ N1.0 predicted by the mean-field and scaling theories for real multichain adsorption, respectively. Overall, the present work not only clarifies some controversies but also provides unambiguous evidence supporting the existence of tightly adsorbed internal and loosely adsorbed external layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mo Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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5
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Park I, Kim S, Brenden CK, Shi W, Iyer H, Bashir R, Vlasov Y. Highly localized chemical sampling at sub-second temporal resolution enabled with a silicon nanodialysis platform at exceedingly slow flows. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.08.556607. [PMID: 37745310 PMCID: PMC10515758 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.08.556607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Microdialysis (MD) is a versatile and powerful technique for chemical profiling of biological tissues and is widely used for quantification of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, metabolites, biomarkers, and drugs in the central nervous system as well as in dermatology, ophthalmology, and in pain research. However, MD performance is severely limited by fundamental tradeoffs between chemical sensitivity, spatial resolution, and temporal response. Here, by using wafer-scale silicon microfabrication, we develop and demonstrate a nanodialysis (ND) sampling probe that enables highly localized chemical sampling with 100μm spatial resolution and sub-second temporal resolution at high recovery rates. These performance metrics, which are 100X-1000X superior to existing MD approaches, are enabled by a 100X reduction of the microfluidic channel cross-section, a corresponding drastic 100X reduction of flow rates to exceedingly slow few nL/min flows, and integration of a nanometer-thin nanoporous membrane with high transport flux into the probe sampling area. Miniaturized ND probes may allow for the minimally invasive and highly localized sampling and chemical profiling in live biological tissues with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution for clinical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Moyer J, Wilson MW, Sorrentino TA, Santandreu A, Chen C, Hu D, Kerdok A, Porock E, Wright N, Ly J, Blaha C, Frassetto LA, Fissell WH, Vartanian SM, Roy S. Renal Embolization-Induced Uremic Swine Model for Assessment of Next-Generation Implantable Hemodialyzers. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:547. [PMID: 37755973 PMCID: PMC10536310 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable models of renal failure in large animals are critical to the successful translation of the next generation of renal replacement therapies (RRT) into humans. While models exist for the induction of renal failure, none are optimized for the implantation of devices to the retroperitoneal vasculature. We successfully piloted an embolization-to-implantation protocol enabling the first implant of a silicon nanopore membrane hemodialyzer (SNMHD) in a swine renal failure model. Renal arterial embolization is a non-invasive approach to near-total nephrectomy that preserves retroperitoneal anatomy for device implants. Silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) are efficient blood-compatible membranes that enable novel approaches to RRT. Yucatan minipigs underwent staged bilateral renal arterial embolization to induce renal failure, managed by intermittent hemodialysis. A small-scale arteriovenous SNMHD prototype was implanted into the retroperitoneum. Dialysate catheters were tunneled externally for connection to a dialysate recirculation pump. SNMHD clearance was determined by intermittent sampling of recirculating dialysate. Creatinine and urea clearance through the SNMHD were 76-105 mL/min/m2 and 140-165 mL/min/m2, respectively, without albumin leakage. Normalized creatinine and urea clearance measured in the SNMHD may translate to a fully implantable clinical-scale device. This pilot study establishes a path toward therapeutic testing of the clinical-scale SNMHD and other implantable RRT devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett Moyer
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Mark W. Wilson
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Thomas A. Sorrentino
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Ana Santandreu
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Caressa Chen
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Dean Hu
- Outset Medical, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | | | - Edward Porock
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Nathan Wright
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Jimmy Ly
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Lynda A. Frassetto
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - William H. Fissell
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shant M. Vartanian
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
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7
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Ibi Y, Nishinakamura R. Kidney Bioengineering for Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:1883-1894. [PMID: 36717963 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The kidney is an important organ for maintenance of homeostasis in the human body. As renal failure progresses, renal replacement therapy becomes necessary. However, there is a chronic shortage of kidney donors, creating a major problem for transplantation. To solve this problem, many strategies for the generation of transplantable kidneys are under investigation. Since the first reports describing that nephron progenitors could be induced from human induced pluripotent stem cells, kidney organoids have been attracting attention as tools for studying human kidney development and diseases. Because the kidney is formed through the interactions of multiple renal progenitors, current studies are investigating ways to combine these progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells for the generation of transplantable kidney organoids. Other bioengineering strategies, such as decellularization and recellularization of scaffolds, 3-dimensional bioprinting, interspecies blastocyst complementation and progenitor replacement, and xenotransplantation, also have the potential to generate whole kidneys, although each of these strategies has its own challenges. Combinations of these approaches will lead to the generation of bioengineered kidneys that are transplantable into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Ibi
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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8
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Kim EJ, Chen C, Gologorsky R, Santandreu A, Torres A, Wright N, Goodin MS, Moyer J, Chui BW, Blaha C, Brakeman P, Vartanian S, Tang Q, David Humes H, Fissell WH, Roy S. Feasibility of an implantable bioreactor for renal cell therapy using silicon nanopore membranes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4890. [PMID: 37644033 PMCID: PMC10465514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The definitive treatment for end-stage renal disease is kidney transplantation, which remains limited by organ availability and post-transplant complications. Alternatively, an implantable bioartificial kidney could address both problems while enhancing the quality and length of patient life. An implantable bioartificial kidney requires a bioreactor containing renal cells to replicate key native cell functions, such as water and solute reabsorption, and metabolic and endocrinologic functions. Here, we report a proof-of-concept implantable bioreactor containing silicon nanopore membranes to offer a level of immunoprotection to human renal epithelial cells. After implantation into pigs without systemic anticoagulation or immunosuppression therapy for 7 days, we show that cells maintain >90% viability and functionality, with normal or elevated transporter gene expression and vitamin D activation. Despite implantation into a xenograft model, we find that cells exhibit minimal damage, and recipient cytokine levels are not suggestive of hyperacute rejection. These initial data confirm the potential feasibility of an implantable bioreactor for renal cell therapy utilizing silicon nanopore membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caressa Chen
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nathan Wright
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Silicon Kidney LLC, San Ramon, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles Blaha
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Silicon Kidney LLC, San Ramon, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Qizhi Tang
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H David Humes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Innovative Biotherapies Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William H Fissell
- Silicon Kidney LLC, San Ramon, CA, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Silicon Kidney LLC, San Ramon, CA, USA.
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Hestekin CN, Pakkaner E, Hestekin JA, De Souza LS, Chowdhury PP, Marçal JL, Moore J, Hesse SA, Takacs CJ, Tassone CJ, Dachavaram SS, Crooks PA, Williams K, Kurtz I. High flux novel polymeric membrane for renal applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11703. [PMID: 37474512 PMCID: PMC10359412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatibility and the ability to mediate the appropriate flux of ions, urea, and uremic toxins between blood and dialysate components are key parameters for membranes used in dialysis. Oxone-mediated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be excellent additives in the production and tunability of ultrafiltration and dialysis membranes. In the present study, nanocellulose ionic liquid membranes (NC-ILMs) were tested in vitro and ex vivo. An increase in flux of up to two orders of magnitude was observed with increased rejection (about 99.6%) of key proteins compared to that of polysulfone (PSf) and other commercial membranes. NC-ILMs have a sharper molecular weight cut-off than other phase inversion polymeric membranes, allowing for high throughput of urea and a uremic toxin surrogate and limited passage of proteins in dialysis applications. Superior anti-fouling properties were also observed for the NC-ILMs, including a > 5-h operation time with no systemic anticoagulation in blood samples. Finally, NC-ILMs were found to be biocompatible in rat ultrafiltration and dialysis experiments, indicating their potential clinical utility in dialysis and other blood filtration applications. These superior properties may allow for a new class of membranes for use in a wide variety of industrial applications, including the treatment of patients suffering from renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa N Hestekin
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Efecan Pakkaner
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jamie A Hestekin
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Leticia Santos De Souza
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Partha Pratim Chowdhury
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Juliana Louzada Marçal
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - John Moore
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Sarah A Hesse
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher J Takacs
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Soma Shekar Dachavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Kate Williams
- St. Francis Animal Hospital, 121 Virginia Street, Springdale, AR, 72764, USA
| | - Ira Kurtz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Ramada DL, de Vries J, Vollenbroek J, Noor N, Ter Beek O, Mihăilă SM, Wieringa F, Masereeuw R, Gerritsen K, Stamatialis D. Portable, wearable and implantable artificial kidney systems: needs, opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00726-9. [PMID: 37277461 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Haemodialysis is life sustaining but expensive, provides limited removal of uraemic solutes, is associated with poor patient quality of life and has a large carbon footprint. Innovative dialysis technologies such as portable, wearable and implantable artificial kidney systems are being developed with the aim of addressing these issues and improving patient care. An important challenge for these technologies is the need for continuous regeneration of a small volume of dialysate. Dialysate recycling systems based on sorbents have great potential for such regeneration. Novel dialysis membranes composed of polymeric or inorganic materials are being developed to improve the removal of a broad range of uraemic toxins, with low levels of membrane fouling compared with currently available synthetic membranes. To achieve more complete therapy and provide important biological functions, these novel membranes could be combined with bioartificial kidneys, which consist of artificial membranes combined with kidney cells. Implementation of these systems will require robust cell sourcing; cell culture facilities annexed to dialysis centres; large-scale, low-cost production; and quality control measures. These challenges are not trivial, and global initiatives involving all relevant stakeholders, including academics, industrialists, medical professionals and patients with kidney disease, are required to achieve important technological breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Loureiro Ramada
- Advanced Organ bioengineering and Therapeutics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joost de Vries
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Vollenbroek
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA + Institute, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522, NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nazia Noor
- Advanced Organ bioengineering and Therapeutics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Odyl Ter Beek
- Advanced Organ bioengineering and Therapeutics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia M Mihăilă
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fokko Wieringa
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Autonomous Therapeutics, IMEC, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA), WG3 "Breakthrough Innovation", Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Gerritsen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- Advanced Organ bioengineering and Therapeutics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
- European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA), WG3 "Breakthrough Innovation", Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Santandreu AG, Taheri-Tehrani P, Feinberg B, Torres A, Blaha C, Shaheen R, Moyer J, Wright N, Szot GL, Fissell WH, Vartanian S, Posselt A, Roy S. Characterization of human islet function in a convection-driven intravascular bioartificial pancreas. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10444. [PMID: 36925691 PMCID: PMC10013798 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation for treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited by the shortage of pancreas donors and need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. A convection-driven intravascular bioartificial pancreas (iBAP) based on highly permeable, yet immunologically protective, silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) holds promise to sustain islet function without the need for immunosuppressants. Here, we investigate short-term functionality of encapsulated human islets in an iBAP prototype. Using the finite element method (FEM), we calculated predicted oxygen profiles within islet scaffolds at normalized perifusion rates of 14-200 nl/min/IEQ. The modeling showed the need for minimum in vitro and in vivo islet perifusion rates of 28 and 100 nl/min/IEQ, respectively to support metabolic insulin production requirements in the iBAP. In vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) profiles revealed a first-phase response time of <15 min and comparable insulin production rates to standard perifusion systems (~10 pg/min/IEQ) for perifusion rates of 100-200 nl/min/IEQ. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), performed at a perifusion rate of 100-170 nl/min/IEQ in a non-diabetic pig, demonstrated a clinically relevant C-peptide production rate (1.0-2.8 pg/min/IEQ) with a response time of <5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Santandreu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Parsa Taheri-Tehrani
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Benjamin Feinberg
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Alonso Torres
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA.,Silicon Kidney LLC San Francisco California USA
| | - Rebecca Shaheen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Jarrett Moyer
- Department of Surgery University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Nathan Wright
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA.,Silicon Kidney LLC San Francisco California USA
| | - Gregory L Szot
- Department of Surgery University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - William H Fissell
- Silicon Kidney LLC San Francisco California USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Shant Vartanian
- Department of Surgery University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Andrew Posselt
- Department of Surgery University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA.,Silicon Kidney LLC San Francisco California USA
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12
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Shu Z, Li HZ, Shi Y, Zuo DY, Yi Z, Gao CJ. Dual sugar and temperature responsive isoporous membranes for protein sieving with improved separation coefficient and decreased denaturation. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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13
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Liu H, Zhou Q, Wang W, Fang F, Zhang J. Solid-State Nanopore Array: Manufacturing and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205680. [PMID: 36470663 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore brings extraordinary properties for a variety of potential applications in various industrial sectors. Since manufacturing of solid-state nanopore is first reported in 2001, solid-state nanopore has become a hot topic in the recent years. An increasing number of manufacturing methods have been reported, with continuously decreased sizes from hundreds of nanometers at the beginning to ≈1 nm until recently. To enable more robust, sensitive, and reliable devices required by the industry, researchers have started to explore the possible methods to manufacture nanopore array which presents unprecedented challenges on the fabrication efficiency, accuracy and repeatability, applicable materials, and cost. As a result, the exploration of fabrication of nanopore array is still in the fledging period with various bottlenecks. In this article, a wide range of methods of manufacturing nanopores are summarized along with their achievable morphologies, sizes, inner structures for characterizing the main features, based on which the manufacturing of nanopore array is further addressed. To give a more specific idea on the potential applications of nanopore array, some representative practices are introduced such as DNA/RNA sequencing, energy conversion and storage, water desalination, nanosensors, nanoreactors, and dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Liu
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Fengzhou Fang
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Laboratory of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jufan Zhang
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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14
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Tonev DG, Momchilova AB. Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Certain Immune-Mediated Neurological Disorders: Focus on a Novel Nanomembrane-Based Technology. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020328. [PMID: 36830870 PMCID: PMC9953422 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an efficient extracorporeal blood purification technique to remove circulating autoantibodies and other pathogenic substances. Its mechanism of action in immune-mediated neurological disorders includes immediate intravascular reduction of autoantibody concentration, pulsed induction of antibody redistribution, and subsequent immunomodulatory changes. Conventional TPE with 1 to 1.5 total plasma volume (TPV) exchange is a well-established treatment in Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple Sclerosis. There is insufficient evidence for the efficacy of so-called low volume plasma exchange (LVPE) (<1 TPV exchange) implemented either by the conventional or by a novel nanomembrane-based TPE in these neurological conditions, including their impact on conductivity and neuroregenerative recovery. In this narrative review, we focus on the role of nanomembrane-based technology as an alternative LVPE treatment option in these neurological conditions. Nanomembrane-based technology is a promising type of TPE, which seems to share the basic advantages of the conventional one, but probably with fewer adverse effects. It could play a valuable role in patient management by ameliorating neurological symptoms, improving disability, and reducing oxidative stress in a cost-effective way. Further research is needed to identify which patients benefit most from this novel TPE technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar G. Tonev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital “Tzaritza Yoanna—ISUL”, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Albena B. Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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In-situ modified polyethersulfone oxygenation membrane with improved hemocompatibility and gas transfer efficiency. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Zawada AM, Lang T, Ottillinger B, Kircelli F, Stauss-Grabo M, Kennedy JP. Impact of Hydrophilic Modification of Synthetic Dialysis Membranes on Hemocompatibility and Performance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:932. [PMID: 36295691 PMCID: PMC9610916 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dialyzer is the core element in the hemodialysis treatment of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). During hemodialysis treatment, the dialyzer replaces the function of the kidney by removing small and middle-molecular weight uremic toxins, while retaining essential proteins. Meanwhile, a dialyzer should have the best possible hemocompatibility profile as the perpetuated contact of blood with artificial surfaces triggers complement activation, coagulation and immune cell activation, and even low-level activation repeated chronically over years may lead to undesired effects. During hemodialysis, the adsorption of plasma proteins to the dialyzer membrane leads to a formation of a secondary membrane, which can compromise both the uremic toxin removal and hemocompatibility of the dialyzer. Hydrophilic modifications of novel dialysis membranes have been shown to reduce protein adsorption, leading to better hemocompatibility profile and performance stability during dialysis treatments. This review article focuses on the importance of performance and hemocompatibility of dialysis membranes for the treatment of dialysis patients and summarizes recent studies on the impact of protein adsorption and hydrophilic modifications of membranes on these two core elements of a dialyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Zawada
- Product Development, Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, 66606 Sankt Wendel, Germany
| | - Thomas Lang
- Global Biomedical Evidence Generation, Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Fatih Kircelli
- Medical Information and Education (EMEA), Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Stauss-Grabo
- Global Biomedical Evidence Generation, Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - James P. Kennedy
- Product Development, Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, 66606 Sankt Wendel, Germany
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17
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Huang B, Zeng Z, Zhang CC, Schreiber ME, Li Z. Approaches to kidney replacement therapies—opportunities and challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:953408. [PMID: 35982852 PMCID: PMC9380013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.953408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One out of seven people develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). When kidney function continues to decline, CKD patients may develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD, or kidney failure). More than 2 out of 1,000 adults develop ESRD and these patients must live on dialysis or get a kidney transplant to survive. Each year, more than $51 billion is spent to treat patients with ESRD in the United States. In addition, ESRD greatly reduces longevity and quality of life for patients. Compared to dialysis, kidney transplant offers the best chance of survival, but few donor organs are available. Thus, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions that address the shortage of kidneys available for transplantation. Here we summarize the status of current approaches that are being developed to solve the shortage of donor kidneys. These include the bioartificial kidney approach which aims to make a portable dialysis device, the recellularization approach which utilizes native kidney scaffold to make an engineered kidney, the stem cell-based approach which aims to generate a kidney de novo by recapitulating normal kidney organogenesis, the xenotransplantation approach which has the goal to make immunocompatible pig kidneys for transplantation, and the interspecies chimera approach which has potential to generate a human kidney in a host animal. We also discuss the interconnections among the different approaches, and the remaining challenges of translating these approaches into novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Huang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Deptartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zipeng Zeng
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Deptartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chennan C. Zhang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Deptartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Megan E. Schreiber
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Deptartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhongwei Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Deptartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhongwei Li,
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18
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Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Poroelastic Cell Scaffolds Used in the Design of an Implantable Bioartificial Pancreas. FLUIDS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids7070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a multi-scale mathematical model and a novel numerical solver to study blood plasma flow and oxygen concentration in a prototype model of an implantable Bioartificial Pancreas (iBAP) that operates under arteriovenous pressure differential without the need for immunosuppressive therapy. The iBAP design consists of a poroelastic cell scaffold containing the healthy transplanted cells, encapsulated between two semi-permeable nano-pore size membranes to prevent the patient’s own immune cells from attacking the transplant. The device is connected to the patient’s vascular system via an anastomosis graft bringing oxygen and nutrients to the transplanted cells of which oxygen is the limiting factor for long-term viability. Mathematically, we propose a (nolinear) fluid–poroelastic structure interaction model to describe the flow of blood plasma through the scaffold containing the cells, and a set of (nonlinear) advection–reaction–diffusion equations defined on moving domains to study oxygen supply to the cells. These macro-scale models are solved using finite element method based solvers. One of the novelties of this work is the design of a novel second-order accurate fluid–poroelastic structure interaction solver, for which we prove that it is unconditionally stable. At the micro/nano-scale, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations are used to capture the micro/nano-structure (architecture) of cell scaffolds and obtain macro-scale parameters, such as hydraulic conductivity/permeability, from the micro-scale scaffold-specific architecture. To avoid expensive micro-scale simulations based on SPH simulations for every new scaffold architecture, we use Encoder–Decoder Convolution Neural Networks. Based on our numerical simulations, we propose improvements in the current prototype design. For example, we show that highly elastic scaffolds have a higher capacity for oxygen transfer, which is an important finding considering that scaffold elasticity can be controlled during their fabrication, and that elastic scaffolds improve cell viability. The mathematical and computational approaches developed in this work provide a benchmark tool for computational analysis of not only iBAP, but also, more generally, of cell encapsulation strategies used in the design of devices for cell therapy and bio-artificial organs.
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19
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Wang W, Teng Y, Xue JJ, Cai HK, Pan YB, Ye XN, Mao XL, Li SW. Nanotechnology in Kidney and Islet Transplantation: An Ongoing, Promising Field. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846032. [PMID: 35464482 PMCID: PMC9024121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation has evolved rapidly in recent years as a reliable option for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, organ shortage, surgical risks, acute and chronic rejection reactions and long-term immunosuppressive drug applications and their inevitable side effects remain extremely challenging problems. The application of nanotechnology in medicine has proven highly successful and has unique advantages for diagnosing and treating diseases compared to conventional methods. The combination of nanotechnology and transplantation brings a new direction of thinking to transplantation medicine. In this article, we provide an overview of the application and progress of nanotechnology in kidney and islet transplantation, including nanotechnology for renal pre-transplantation preservation, artificial biological islets, organ imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ya Teng
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ji-Ji Xue
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Hong-Kai Cai
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yu-Biao Pan
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai, China
| | - Xing-Nan Ye
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Linhai, China
| | - Xin-Li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Li Mao, ; Shao-Wei Li,
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Li Mao, ; Shao-Wei Li,
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20
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Artificial Kidney Engineering: The Development of Dialysis Membranes for Blood Purification. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020177. [PMID: 35207097 PMCID: PMC8876607 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The artificial kidney, one of the greatest medical inventions in the 20th century, has saved innumerable lives with end stage renal disease. Designs of artificial kidney evolved dramatically in decades of development. A hollow-fibered membrane with well controlled blood and dialysate flow became the major design of the modern artificial kidney. Although they have been well established to prolong patients’ lives, the modern blood purification system is still imperfect. Patient’s quality of life, complications, and lack of metabolic functions are shortcomings of current blood purification treatment. The direction of future artificial kidneys is toward miniaturization, better biocompatibility, and providing metabolic functions. Studies and trials of silicon nanopore membranes, tissue engineering for renal cell bioreactors, and dialysate regeneration are all under development to overcome the shortcomings of current artificial kidneys. With all these advancements, wearable or implantable artificial kidneys will be achievable.
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21
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Jiang C, Zhang Y. Direct matching between the flow factor approach model and molecular dynamics simulation for nanochannel flows. Sci Rep 2022; 12:396. [PMID: 35013479 PMCID: PMC8748866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematically formulating nanochannel flows is challenging. Here, the values of the characteristic parameters were extracted from molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), and directly input to the closed-form explicit flow factor approach model (FFAM) for nanochannel flows. By this way, the physical nature of the simulated system in FFAM is the same with that in MDS. Two nano slit channel heights respectively with two different liquid-channel wall interactions were addressed. The flow velocity profiles across the channel height respectively calculated from MDS and FFAM were compared. By introducing the equivalent value \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\Delta_{im} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta_{im} } D}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} D}$$\end{document}Δim/D, FFAM fairly agrees with MDS for all the cases. The study values FFAM in simulating nanochannel flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Jiang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Improvement in hemodialysis treatment and membrane technology are focused on two aims: the first one is to achieve a better control of circulating uremic solutes by enhancing removal capacity and by broadening molecular weight spectrum of solutes cleared; the second one is to prevent inflammation by improving hemocompatibility of the global dialysis system. RECENT FINDINGS Despite impressive progresses in polymers chemistry few hazards are still remaining associated with leaching or sensitization to polymer additives. Research has focused on developing more stable polymers by means of additives or processes aiming to minimize such risks. Membrane engineering manufacturing with support of nanocontrolled spinning technology has opened up membrane to middle and large molecular weight substances, while preserving albumin losses. Combination of diffusive and enhanced convective fluxes in the same hemodialyzer module, namely hemodiafiltration, provides today the highest solute removal capacity over a broad spectrum of solutes. SUMMARY Dialysis membrane is a crucial component of the hemodialysis system to optimize solute removal efficacy and to minimize blood membrane biological reactions. Hemodialyzer is much more than a membrane. Dialysis membrane and hemodialyzer choice are parts of a treatment chain that should be operated in optimized conditions and adjusted to patient needs and tolerance, to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Canaud
- Global Medical Office, FMC Deutschland, Bad Homburg, Germany
- University of Montpellier, UFR of Medicine, Montpellier, France
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23
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Chen Q, Liang L, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Release of an Encapsulated Peptide from Carbon Nanotubes Driven by Electric Fields: A Molecular Dynamics Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27485-27490. [PMID: 34693169 PMCID: PMC8529693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery into cells has been of tremendous scientific interest, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be deemed as a promising material for the loading and unloading of drugs. One of the major challenges is the release of drugs from CNTs, which have a great potential well to trap molecules. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, this work attempts to study the releasing process of encapsulated protein/peptide molecules from CNTs in the presence of uniform electric fields. Zadaxin serves as a model for protein/peptide drugs. External electric fields can assist the peptide in overcoming the potential well during its release. It is found that successful release of the peptide depends on the pore width, the pore length, and the net charges on the peptide. The peptide is less likely to be released either from CNTs with a smaller pore diameter due to a deeper potential well of the tubes or from CNTs with a longer pore length due to a broader and deeper potential well. Peptides with more net charges are ideal for the releasing process driven by electric fields. This work can provide insights into the design of an optimal tube size for effective release of a given protein/peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Liang
- College
of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Research
Institute for Soft Matter and Biomimetics, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Said N, Lau WJ, Ho YC, Lim SK, Zainol Abidin MN, Ismail AF. A Review of Commercial Developments and Recent Laboratory Research of Dialyzers and Membranes for Hemodialysis Application. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:767. [PMID: 34677533 PMCID: PMC8540739 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dialyzers have been commercially used for hemodialysis application since the 1950s, but progress in improving their efficiencies has never stopped over the decades. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review on the commercial developments and recent laboratory research of dialyzers for hemodialysis application and to discuss the technical aspects of dialyzer development, including hollow fiber membrane materials, dialyzer design, sterilization processes and flow simulation. The technical challenges of dialyzers are also highlighted in this review, which discusses the research areas that need to be prioritized to further improve the properties of dialyzers, such as flux, biocompatibility, flow distribution and urea clearance rate. We hope this review article can provide insights to researchers in developing/designing an ideal dialyzer that can bring the best hemodialysis treatment outcomes to kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noresah Said
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; (N.S.); (M.N.Z.A.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; (N.S.); (M.N.Z.A.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Yeek-Chia Ho
- Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Soo Kun Lim
- University Malaya Primary Care Research Group (UMPCRG), Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Nidzhom Zainol Abidin
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; (N.S.); (M.N.Z.A.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; (N.S.); (M.N.Z.A.); (A.F.I.)
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Ito T, Ota T, Kono R, Miyaoka Y, Ishibashi H, Komori M, Yasukawa A, Kanno Y, Miki N. Pump-Free Microfluidic Hemofiltration Device. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080992. [PMID: 34442614 PMCID: PMC8401791 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemofiltration removes water and small molecules from the blood via nanoporous filtering membranes. This paper discusses a pump-free hemofiltration device driven by the pressure difference between the artery and the vein. In the design of the filtering device, oncotic pressure needs to be taken into consideration. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) determines the amount and direction of hemofiltration, which is calculated by subtracting the oncotic pressure from the blood pressure. Blood pressure decreases as the channels progress from the inlet to the outlet, while oncotic pressure increases slightly since no protein is removed from the blood to the filtrate in hemofiltration. When TMP is negative, the filtrate returns to the blood, i.e., backfiltration takes place. A small region of the device with negative TMP would thus result in a small amount of or even zero filtrates. First, we investigated this phenomenon using in vitro experiments. We then designed a hemofiltration system taking backfiltration into consideration. We divided the device into two parts. In the first part, the device has channels for the blood and filtrate with a nanoporous membrane. In the second part, the device does not have channels for filtration. This design ensures TMP is always positive in the first part and prevents backfiltration. The concept was verified using in vitro experiments and ex vivo experiments in beagle dogs. Given the simplicity of the device without pumps or electrical components, the proposed pump-free hemofiltration device may prove useful for either implantable or wearable hemofiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (T.O.); (R.K.)
| | - Takashi Ota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (T.O.); (R.K.)
| | - Rei Kono
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (T.O.); (R.K.)
| | - Yoshitaka Miyaoka
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hidetoshi Ishibashi
- Pre-Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8492, Japan;
| | - Masaki Komori
- Japanese Small Animal Hemodialysis Association, 63-2-7 Nihonbashi-Hongokucho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0021, Japan;
| | - Akio Yasukawa
- Kamishakujii Animal Hospital, 1-4-13 Sekimachi-Higashi, Nerima-ku, Tokyo 177-0052, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiko Kanno
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Norihisa Miki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (T.O.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-455-661-430
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Irfan A, O'Hare E, Jelin E. Fetal interventions for congenital renal anomalies. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:1506-1517. [PMID: 34189109 PMCID: PMC8192995 DOI: 10.21037/tp-2020-fs-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent 20% of prenatally diagnosed congenital abnormalities. Although the majority of these abnormalities do not require intervention either pre or postnatally, there is a subset of patients whose disease is so severe that it may warrant intervention prior to delivery to prevent morbidity and mortality. These cases consist of patients with moderate lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) in which vesicocentesis, shunting or cystoscopy are options and patients with early pregnancy renal anhydramnios (EPRA) in whom amnioinfusion therapy may be an option. The main causes of EPRA are congenital bilateral renal agenesis (CoBRA), cystic kidney disease (CKD) and severe LUTO. Untreated, EPRA is universally fatal secondary to anhydramnios induced pulmonary hypoplasia. The evidence regarding therapy for LUTO is limited and the stopped early PLUTO (Percutaneous Shunting in Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction) trial was unable to provide definitive answers about patient selection. Evidence for EPRA therapy is also scant. Serial amnioinfusions have shown promise in cases of EPRA due to CoBRA or renal failure and this treatment modality forms the basis of the ongoing NIH funded RAFT (Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy) trial. At present, there is consensus that treatment for EPRA should only occur in the setting of a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmer Irfan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth O'Hare
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Jelin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Dolson GM. The Wearable Artificial Kidney. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2021; 16:324-325. [PMID: 33500764 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-16-4-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The column in this issue is supplied by George M Dolson, MD, who is a professor of Medicine in the Renal Section at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. Dolson obtained his medical degree from the St. Louis University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, and completed his residency and nephrology fellowship at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Texas.
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Ghosh A, Vallam Thodi F, Sengupta S, Kannan S, Krishnan L, Bhattacharya E. Effective clearance of uremic toxins using functionalised silicon Nanoporous membranes. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:4. [PMID: 33415531 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In-house fabricated silicon nanoporous membranes (SNMs), functionalized for efficient clearance of uremic toxins, can lead to compact and portable dialysis systems. Efficacy of 15 nm thick SNMs, with average pore diameter of 8 nm, was tested for dialysis of two uremic toxins - urea and creatinine using custom made teflon apparatus of 2, 10 and 30 ml. The apparatus consisted of two reservoirs, with the cis containing the uremic fluid, and the trans containing the dialysate. Peristalsis was found to enhance the clearance rate by a factor of four as compared to unstirred condition. Functionalisation of the SNMs reduced protein binding, and surface binding of urea from 23% to negligible values. A lateral array of nine SNMs and a new design for the dialysis apparatus, increased the clearance rate by a factor of twelve from that of the single SNM. The arrays cleared about 42% of urea and 48% of creatinine from 30 ml of diluted serum samples, in 15 min. Periodic replacement of the trans fluid cleared about 81% of high concentration uremic toxins from the cis reservoir in 45 mins. The SNM arrays are stable, reproducible, and with the superior clearance rates for urea and creatinine, they have the potential to be used as membranes for portable hemodialysers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ghosh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Fidal Vallam Thodi
- Centre for NEMS and Nanophotonics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Sudeshna Sengupta
- Centre for NEMS and Nanophotonics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Sivasundari Kannan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Lalitha Krishnan
- Centre for NEMS and Nanophotonics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Enakshi Bhattacharya
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India. .,Centre for NEMS and Nanophotonics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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Love H, Evans R, Humes HD, Roy S, Zent R, Harris R, Wilson M, Fissell WH. Metformin and Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Stimulate In Vitro Transport in Primary Renal Tubule Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1091-1098. [PMID: 32312181 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-oriented applications of cell culture include cell therapy of organ failure like chronic renal failure. Clinical deployment of a cell-based device for artificial renal replacement requires qualitative and quantitative fidelity of a cultured cell to its in vivo counterpart. Active specific apicobasal ion transport reabsorbs 90-99% of the filtered load of salt and water in the kidney. In a bioengineered kidney, tubular transport concentrates wastes and eliminates the need for hemodialysis, but renal tubule cells in culture transport little or no salt and water. We previously identified transforming growth factor-beta as a signaling pathway necessary for in vitro differentiation of renal tubule cells. Inhibition of TGF-β receptor-1 led to active inhabitable electrolyte and water transport by primary human renal tubule epithelial cells in vitro. Addition of metformin increased transport, in the context of a transient effect on 5' AMP-activated kinase phosphorylation. The signals that undermine in vitro differentiation are complex, but susceptible to pharmacologic intervention. This achievement overcomes a major hurdle limiting the development of a bioreactor of cultured cells for renal replacement therapy that encompasses not only endocrine and metabolic functions but also transport and excretion. Impact statement Clinical tissue engineering requires functional fidelity of the cultured cell to its in vivo counterpart, but this has been elusive in renal tissue engineering. Typically, renal tubule cells in culture have a flattened morphology and do not express key transporters essential to their function. In this study, we build on our prior work by using small molecules to modulate pathways affected by substrate elasticity. In doing so, we are able to enhance differentiation of these cells on conventional noncompliant substrates and show transport. These results are fundamentally enabling a new generation of cell-based renal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Love
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Shuvo Roy
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William Henry Fissell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Di Trani N, Pimpinelli A, Grattoni A. Finite-Size Charged Species Diffusion and pH Change in Nanochannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12246-12255. [PMID: 32068385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular transport through nanofluidic structures exhibits properties that are unique at the nanoscale. The high surface-to-volume ratio of nanometer-sized confined spaces renders particle interactions with the surface of central importance. The electrical double layer (EDL) at the solid-liquid interface of charged surfaces generates an enrichment of counterions and the exclusion of co-ions that lead to a change in their diffusivity. In addition, the diffusive transport is altered by steric and hydrodynamic interactions between fluid molecules and the boundaries. An extensive body of literature investigates molecular transport at the nanoscale. However, most studies account for ionic species as point charges, severely limiting the applicability of the results to "large" nanofluidic systems. Moreover, and even more importantly, the change of pH in the nanoconfined region inside nanochannels has been completely overlooked. Corroborated by experimental data, here we present an all-encompassing analysis of molecular diffusion from the micro- to the ultra-nanoscale. While accounting for finite-size ions, we compute self-consistently the pH inside the channels. Surprisingly, we found that the concentration of ions H+ can change by more than 2 orders of magnitude compared to the bulk, hugely affecting molecular transport. Further, we found that counterions exhibit both enrichment and exclusion, depending on the size of nanochannels. Achieving a greater understanding of the effective transport properties of fluids at the nanoscale will fill the gap in knowledge that still limits development of innovative systems for medicine and industrial applications alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, Shijingshan, China
| | - Alberto Pimpinelli
- Smalley-Curl Institute and MSNE Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Luo J, Fan JB, Wang S. Recent Progress of Microfluidic Devices for Hemodialysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904076. [PMID: 31535786 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic hemodialysis techniques have recently attracted great attention in the treatment of kidney disease due to their advantages of portability and wearability as well as their great potential for replacing clinical hospital-centered blood purification with continuous in-home hemodialysis. This Review summarizes the recent progress in microfluidic devices for hemodialysis. First, the history of kidney-inspired hemodialysis is introduced. Then, recent achievements in the preparation of microfluidic devices and hemodialysis nanoporous membrane materials are presented and categorized. Subsequently, attention is drawn to the recent progress of nanoporous membrane-based microfluidic devices for hemodialysis. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of hemodialysis microfluidic devices in the future are also discussed. This Review is expected to provide a comprehensive guide for the design of hemodialysis microfluidic devices that are closely related to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Bing Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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32
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Peired AJ, Mazzinghi B, De Chiara L, Guzzi F, Lasagni L, Romagnani P, Lazzeri E. Bioengineering strategies for nephrologists: kidney was not built in a day. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:467-480. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1709439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Julie Peired
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzinghi
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia De Chiara
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Guzzi
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lazzeri
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Dang BV, Taylor RA, Charlton AJ, Le-Clech P, Barber TJ. Toward Portable Artificial Kidneys: The Role of Advanced Microfluidics and Membrane Technologies in Implantable Systems. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 13:261-279. [DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2019.2933339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wright E, Miller JJ, Csordas M, Gosselin AR, Carter JA, McGrath JL, Latulippe DR, Roussie JA. Development of isoporous microslit silicon nitride membranes for sterile filtration applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:879-885. [PMID: 31784974 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The widely used 0.2/0.22 µm polymer sterile filters were developed for small molecule and protein sterile filtration but are not well-suited for the production of large nonprotein biological therapeutics, resulting in significant yield loss and production cost increases. Here, we report on the development of membranes with isoporous sub-0.2 μm rectangular prism pores using silicon micromachining to produce microslit silicon nitride (MSN) membranes. The very high porosity (~33%) and ultrathin (200 nm) nature of the 0.2 µm MSN membranes results in a dramatically different structure than the traditional 0.2/0.22 µm polymer sterile filter, which yielded comparable performance properties (including gas and hydraulic permeance, maximum differential pressure tolerance, nanoparticle sieving/fouling behavior). The results from bacteria retention tests, conducted according to the guidance of regulatory agencies, demonstrated that the 0.2 µm MSN membranes can be effectively used as sterile filters. It is anticipated that the results and technologies presented in this study will find future utility in the production of non-protein biological therapeutics and in other biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Wright
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Matthew Csordas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - David R Latulippe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Borberg E, Zverzhinetsky M, Krivitsky A, Kosloff A, Heifler O, Degabli G, Soroka HP, Fainaro RS, Burstein L, Reuveni S, Diamant H, Krivitsky V, Patolsky F. Light-Controlled Selective Collection-and-Release of Biomolecules by an On-Chip Nanostructured Device. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5868-5878. [PMID: 31381354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of biosamples, e.g., blood, is a ubiquitous task of proteomics, genomics, and biosensing fields; yet, it still faces multiple challenges, one of the greatest being the selective separation and detection of target proteins from these complex biosamples. Here, we demonstrate the development of an on-chip light-triggered reusable nanostructured selective and quantitative protein separation and preconcentration platform for the direct analysis of complex biosamples. The on-chip selective separation of required protein analytes from raw biosamples is performed using antibody-photoacid-modified Si nanopillars vertical arrays (SiNPs) of ultralarge binding surface area and enormously high binding affinity, followed by the light-controlled rapid release of the tightly bound target proteins in a controlled liquid media. Two important experimental observations are presented: (1) the first demonstration on the control of biological reaction binding affinity by the nanostructuring of the capturing surface, leading to highly efficient protein collection capabilities, and (2) the light-triggered switching of the highly sticky binding surfaces into highly reflective nonbinding surfaces, leading to the rapid and quantitative release of the originally tightly bound protein species. Both of these two novel behaviors were theoretically and experimentally investigated. Importantly, this is the first demonstration of a three-dimensional (3D) SiNPs on-chip filter with ultralarge binding surface area and reversible light-controlled quantitative release of adsorbed biomolecules for direct purification of blood samples, able to selectively collect and separate specific low abundant proteins, while easily removing unwanted blood components (proteins, cells) and achieving desalting results, without the requirement of time-consuming centrifugation steps, the use of desalting membranes, or affinity columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Borberg
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Marina Zverzhinetsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Adva Krivitsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Alon Kosloff
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Omri Heifler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Gal Degabli
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Hagit Peretz Soroka
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Larisa Burstein
- The Wolfson Applied Materials Research Centre , Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Shlomi Reuveni
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Haim Diamant
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Vadim Krivitsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Fernando Patolsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
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36
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Sarode DN, Roy S. In Vitro models for thrombogenicity testing of blood-recirculating medical devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16:603-616. [PMID: 31154869 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1627199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood-recirculating medical devices, such as mechanical circulatory support (MCS), extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMO), and hemodialyzers, are commonly used to treat or improve quality of life in patients with cardiac, pulmonary, and renal failure, respectively. As part of their regulatory approval, guidelines for thrombosis evaluation in pre-clinical development have been established. In vitro testing evaluates a device's potential to produce thrombosis markers in static and dynamic flow loops. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on in vitro static and dynamic models to assess thrombosis in blood-recirculating medical devices. A summary of key devices is followed by a review of molecular markers of contact activation. Current thrombosis testing guidance documents, ISO 10993-4, ASTM F-2888, and F-2382 will be discussed, followed by analysis of their application to in vitro testing models. EXPERT OPINION In general, researchers have favored in vivo models to thoroughly evaluate thrombosis, limiting in vitro evaluation to hemolysis. In vitro studies are not standardized and it is often difficult to compare studies on similar devices. As blood-recirculating devices have advanced to include wearable and implantable artificial organs, expanded guidelines standardizing in vitro testing are needed to identify the thrombotic potential without excessive use of in vivo resources during pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika N Sarode
- a Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- a Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
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Potts JW, Mousa SA. Recent advances in management of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2019; 74:1959-1968. [PMID: 29167138 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp160886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Promising developments in the search for effective pharmacotherapies for autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are reviewed. SUMMARY The formation and development of cysts characteristic of ADPKD result in inexorable renal and extrarenal manifestations that give rise to more rapid disease progression and more widespread complications than are seen with other forms of chronic kidney disease. To date, no agent has gained Food and Drug Administration marketing approval for use in patients with ADPKD, complicating efforts to meet the medical needs of this population. Although definitive ultrasonographic diagnostic strategies are available, molecular screening approaches lack sufficient evidence and patient outcomes data to support broad clinical application. Recently completed and ongoing clinical trials point to a number of encouraging platforms for evidence-based ADPKD management. Tolvaptan therapy significantly improved cyst burden and slowed disease progression among patients with early-stage ADPKD in a large-scale trial, while somatostatin therapies may also be useful in halting disease progression and managing comorbid polycystic liver disease. Stem cell research and nanomedicine might represent novel approaches to gaining comprehensive insights on ADPKD and, ultimately, to targeting the disease's origins, thereby making restoration of kidney function possible. CONCLUSION A number of pharmacotherapy approaches to ADPKD management show promise but are unlikely to be curative, fueling interest among researchers in finding new applications for nanomedicine and stem cell technologies that can slow ADPKD progression and better control complications of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Potts
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY
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Iqbal Z, Kim S, Moyer J, Moses W, Abada E, Wright N, Kim EJ, Park J, Fissell WH, Vartanian S, Roy S. In vitro and in vivo hemocompatibility assessment of ultrathin sulfobetaine polymer coatings for silicon-based implants. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:297-312. [PMID: 30862226 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219831044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohora Iqbal
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Steven Kim
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jarrett Moyer
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Willieford Moses
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Emily Abada
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nathan Wright
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jaehyun Park
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Shant Vartanian
- 3 Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Carboxyl-functionalized covalent organic framework as a two-dimensional nanofiller for mixed-matrix ultrafiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Nasrollahzadeh M, Issaabadi Z, Sajjadi M, Sajadi SM, Atarod M. Types of Nanostructures. INTERFACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813586-0.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Legallais C, Kim D, Mihaila SM, Mihajlovic M, Figliuzzi M, Bonandrini B, Salerno S, Yousef Yengej FA, Rookmaaker MB, Sanchez Romero N, Sainz-Arnal P, Pereira U, Pasqua M, Gerritsen KGF, Verhaar MC, Remuzzi A, Baptista PM, De Bartolo L, Masereeuw R, Stamatialis D. Bioengineering Organs for Blood Detoxification. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800430. [PMID: 30230709 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For patients with severe kidney or liver failure the best solution is currently organ transplantation. However, not all patients are eligible for transplantation and due to limited organ availability, most patients are currently treated with therapies using artificial kidney and artificial liver devices. These therapies, despite their relative success in preserving the patients' life, have important limitations since they can only replace part of the natural kidney or liver functions. As blood detoxification (and other functions) in these highly perfused organs is achieved by specialized cells, it seems relevant to review the approaches leading to bioengineered organs fulfilling most of the native organ functions. There, the culture of cells of specific phenotypes on adapted scaffolds that can be perfused takes place. In this review paper, first the functions of kidney and liver organs are briefly described. Then artificial kidney/liver devices, bioartificial kidney devices, and bioartificial liver devices are focused on, as well as biohybrid constructs obtained by decellularization and recellularization of animal organs. For all organs, a thorough overview of the literature is given and the perspectives for their application in the clinic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Legallais
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics & Bioengineering; Université de technologie de Compiègne; Sorbonne Universités; 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Dooli Kim
- (Bio)artificial organs; Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology; Faculty of Science and Technology; TechMed Institute; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia M. Mihaila
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Milos Mihajlovic
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri; via Stezzano 87 24126 Bergamo Italy
| | - Barbara Bonandrini
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Simona Salerno
- Institute on Membrane Technology; National Research Council of Italy; ITM-CNR; Via Pietro BUCCI, Cubo 17C - 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Fjodor A. Yousef Yengej
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B. Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Pilar Sainz-Arnal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon); 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS); 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ulysse Pereira
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics & Bioengineering; Université de technologie de Compiègne; Sorbonne Universités; 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Mattia Pasqua
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics & Bioengineering; Université de technologie de Compiègne; Sorbonne Universités; 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Karin G. F. Gerritsen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri; via Stezzano 87 24126 Bergamo Italy
- Department of Management; Information and Production Engineering; University of Bergamo; viale Marconi 5 24044 Dalmine Italy
| | - Pedro M. Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon); 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Department of Management; Information and Production Engineering; University of Bergamo; viale Marconi 5 24044 Dalmine Italy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd); 28029 Barcelona Spain
- Fundación ARAID; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz; 28040 Madrid Spain. Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; 28911 Madrid Spain
| | - Loredana De Bartolo
- Institute on Membrane Technology; National Research Council of Italy; ITM-CNR; Via Pietro BUCCI, Cubo 17C - 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- (Bio)artificial organs; Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology; Faculty of Science and Technology; TechMed Institute; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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Abada EN, Feinberg BJ, Roy S. Evaluation of silicon membranes for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Salani M, Roy S, Fissell WH. Innovations in Wearable and Implantable Artificial Kidneys. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 72:745-751. [PMID: 30146422 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
More than 2 million people worldwide receive treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Current modalities of renal replacement therapy include in-center hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, home hemodialysis, and kidney transplantation. Patient survival has gradually increased during the past 2 decades and efforts continue to improve mortality and quality of life for patients with ESRD. Developments in sorbent technology, nanotechnology, and cell culture techniques provide promise for new innovations in ESRD management. New modalities currently in testing include wearable (WAKs) and implantable artificial kidneys (IAKs). The automated WAK (AWAK) and WAK are devices that have undergone small trials in humans. Additional study is needed before regulatory approval, coverage decisions, and widespread clinical implementation. The IAK is a biohybrid combining artificial filters and living cells currently in preclinical testing. These portable devices reduce the need for large quantities of water and continuous electrical supply. This could lower some barriers to home dialysis, making self-care renal replacement therapy more accessible and desirable. If widely successful, these devices could reduce the need to build and staff dialysis facilities, thus lowering health care costs associated with dialysis. The potential advantages and shortcomings of the AWAK, WAK, and IAK are described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Salani
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - William H Fissell
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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Iqbal Z, Moses W, Kim S, Kim EJ, Fissell WH, Roy S. Sterilization effects on ultrathin film polymer coatings for silicon-based implantable medical devices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 106:2327-2336. [PMID: 29105972 PMCID: PMC5936672 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel biomaterials for medical device applications must be stable throughout all stages of preparation for surgery, including sterilization. There is a paucity of information on the effects of sterilization on sub-10 nm-thick polymeric surface coatings suitable for silicon-based bioartificial organs. This study explores the effect of five standard sterilization methods on three surface coatings applied to silicon: polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA), and poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC). Autoclave, dry heat, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) plasma, ethylene oxide gas (EtO), and electron beam (E-beam) treated coatings were analyzed to determine possible polymer degradation with sterilization. Poststerilization, there were significant alterations in contact angle, maximum change resulting from H2 O2 (Δ - 14°), autoclave (Δ + 15°), and dry heat (Δ + 23°) treatments for PEG, pSBMA, and pMPC, respectively. Less than 5% coating thickness change was found with autoclave and EtO on PEG-silicon, E-beam on pSBMA-silicon and EtO treatment on pMPC-silicon. H2 O2 treatment resulted in at least 30% decrease in thickness for all coatings. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed significant protein adsorption increase for pMPC-silicon following all sterilization methods. E-beam on PEG-silicon and dry-heat treatment on pSBMA-silicon exhibited maximum protein adsorption in each coating subset. Overall, the data suggest autoclave and EtO treatments are well-suited for PEG-silicon, while E-beam is best suited for pSBMA-silicon. pMPC-silicon was least impacted by EtO treatment. H2 O2 treatment had a negative effect on all three coatings. These results can be used to determine which surface modifications and sterilization processes to utilize for devices in vivo. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2327-2336, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohora Iqbal
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California - San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Steven Kim
- Division of Nephrology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California - San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - William H. Fissell
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California - San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
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Yeo WS, Zhang YC. Bioengineering in renal transplantation: technological advances and novel options. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:1105-1111. [PMID: 28589209 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world with significant morbidity and mortality. Current modes of renal replacement therapy include dialysis and renal transplantation. Although dialysis is an acceptable mode of renal replacement therapy, it does have its shortcomings, which include poorer life expectancy compared with renal transplantation, risk of infections and vascular thrombosis, lack of vascular access and absence of biosynthetic functions of the kidney. Renal transplantation, in contrast, is the preferred option of renal replacement therapy, with improved morbidity and mortality rates and quality of life, compared with dialysis. Renal transplantation, however, may not be available to all patients with ESKD. Some of the key factors limiting the availability and efficiency of renal transplantation include shortage of donor organs and the constant risk of rejection with complications associated with over-immunosuppression respectively. This review focuses chiefly on the potential roles of bioengineering in overcoming limitations in renal transplantation via the development of cell-based bioartificial dialysis devices as bridging options before renal transplantation, and the development of new sources of organs utilizing cell and organ engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Song Yeo
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Shaw-National Kidney Foundation, National University Hospital Children's Kidney Centre, Khoo Teck Puat-National University, Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Yao-Chun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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van Gelder MK, Mihaila SM, Jansen J, Wester M, Verhaar MC, Joles JA, Stamatialis D, Masereeuw R, Gerritsen KGF. From portable dialysis to a bioengineered kidney. Expert Rev Med Devices 2018; 15:323-336. [PMID: 29633900 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2018.1462697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the advent of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the 1970s, the principles of dialysis have changed little. In the coming decades, several major breakthroughs are expected. AREAS COVERED Novel wearable and portable dialysis devices for both hemodialysis (HD) and PD are expected first. The HD devices could facilitate more frequent and longer dialysis outside of the hospital, while improving patient's mobility and autonomy. The PD devices could enhance blood purification and increase technique survival of PD. Further away from clinical application is the bioartificial kidney, containing renal cells. Initially, the bioartificial kidney could be applied for extracorporeal treatment, to partly replace renal tubular endocrine, metabolic, immunoregulatory and secretory functions. Subsequently, intracorporeal treatment may become possible. EXPERT COMMENTARY Key factors for successful implementation of miniature dialysis devices are patient attitudes and cost-effectiveness. A well-functioning and safe extracorporeal blood circuit is required for HD. For PD, a double lumen PD catheter would optimize performance. Future research should focus on further miniaturization of the urea removal strategy. For the bio-artificial kidney (BAK), cost effectiveness should be determined and a general set of functional requirements should be defined for future studies. For intracorporeal application, water reabsorption will become a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike K van Gelder
- a Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Silvia M Mihaila
- a Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- b Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Wester
- a Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- a Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Joles
- a Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- c (Bio)artificial organs, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Roos Masereeuw
- b Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Karin G F Gerritsen
- a Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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Buck AKW, Goebel SG, Goodin MS, Wright NJ, Groszek JJ, Moyer J, Singh S, Bluestein D, Fissell WH, Roy S. Original article submission: Platelet stress accumulation analysis to predict thrombogenicity of an artificial kidney. J Biomech 2018; 69:26-33. [PMID: 29395231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An implantable artificial kidney using a hemofilter constructed from an array of silicon membranes to provide ultrafiltration requires a suitable blood flow path to ensure stable operation in vivo. Two types of flow paths distributing blood to the array of membranes were evaluated: parallel and serpentine. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to guide the development of the blood flow paths. Pressure data from animal tests were used to obtain pulsatile flow conditions imposed in the transient simulations. A key consideration for stable operation in vivo is limiting platelet stress accumulation to avoid platelet activation and thrombus formation. Platelet stress exposure was evaluated by CFD particle tracking methods through the devices to provide distributions of platelet stress accumulation. The distributions of stress accumulation over the duration of a platelet lifetime for each device revealed that stress accumulation for the serpentine flow path exceeded levels expected to cause platelet activation while the accumulated stress for the parallel flow path was below expected activation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K W Buck
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan J Wright
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph J Groszek
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jarrett Moyer
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sukhveer Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danny Bluestein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William H Fissell
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Feinberg BJ, Hsiao JC, Park J, Zydney AL, Fissell WH, Roy S. Slit pores preferred over cylindrical pores for high selectivity in biomolecular filtration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 517:176-181. [PMID: 29425954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have enabled the fabrication of silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) with uniform non-overlapping "slit shaped" pores. The application of SNM has been suggested for high selectivity of biomolecules in a variety of medical filtration applications. The aim of this study was to rigorously quantify the differences in sieving between slit pore SNM and more commonly modeled cylindrical pore membranes, including effects of the extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (XDLVO) interactions. Applying equations derived for SNM in previous work, we compare the partition coefficient of slit and cylindrical pore membranes while accounting for both steric and XDLVO interactions. Simple, steric approximations demonstrate that slit pore membranes exhibit significantly lower partition coefficients than cylindrical pore models. Incorporating XDLVO interactions results in an even more marked difference between slit pore and cylindrical pore membranes. These partition coefficients were used to evaluate changes in beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) selectivity. The data demonstrate that XDLVO interactions increase the selectivity advantage that slit pores possess over cylindrical pores, particularly for larger values of the acid-base decay constant. Finally, the bovine serum albumin (BSA) to B2M selectivity ratio was investigated. The selectivity ratio appears larger in slit pores than cylindrical pores for all cases, indicating that slit pores are particularly well suited for hemofiltration applications. The results of this study have significant implications for the application of SNM in membrane processes where highly selective separation of biomolecules is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Feinberg
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeff C Hsiao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - William H Fissell
- Department of Medicine and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Abstract
An implantable hemofilter for the treatment of kidney failure depends critically on the transport characteristics of the membrane and the biocompatibility of the membrane, cartridge, and blood conduits. A novel membrane with slit-shaped pores optimizes the trade-off between permeability and selectivity, enabling implanted therapy. Sustained (3-8) day function of an implanted parallel-plate hemofilter with minimal anticoagulation was achieved by considering biocompatibility at the subnanometer scale of chemical interactions and the millimeter scale of blood fluid dynamics. A total of 400 nm-thick polysilicon flat sheet membranes with 5-8 nm × 2 micron slit-shaped pores were surface-modified with polyethylene glycol. Hemofilter cartridge geometries were refined based on computational fluid dynamics models of blood flow. In an uncontrolled pilot study, silicon filters were implanted in six class A dogs. Cartridges were connected to the cardiovascular system by anastamoses to the aorta and inferior vena cava and filtrate was drained to collection pouches positioned in the peritoneum. Pain medicine and acetylsalicylic acid were administered twice daily until the hemofilters were harvested on postoperative days 3 (n = 2), 4 (n = 2), 5 (n = 1), and 8 (n = 1). No hemofilters were thrombosed. Animals treated for 5 and 8 days had microscopic fractures in the silicon nanopore membranes and 20-50 ml of transudative (albumin sieving coefficient θalb ~ 0.5 - 0.7) fluid in the collection pouches at the time of explant. Shorter experimental durations (3-4 days) resulted in filtration volumes similar to predictions based on mean arterial pressures and membrane hydraulic permeability and (θalb ~ 0.2 - 0.3), similar to preimplantation measurements. In conclusion, a detailed mechanistic and materials science attention to blood-material interactions allows implanted hemofilters to resist thrombosis. Additional testing is needed to determine optimal membrane characteristics and identify limiting factors in long-term implantation.
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Lee DS, Park S, Han YD, Lee JE, Jeong HY, Yoon HC, Jung MY, Kim SO, Choi SY. Selective protein transport through ultra-thin suspended reduced graphene oxide nanopores. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13457-13464. [PMID: 28682407 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nanoporous free-standing graphene membrane is of great interest in high performance separation technology. In particular, the separation of biological molecules with similar sizes is one of the key challenges in the purification of biomaterials. Here, we report a reliable, cost-effective, and facile method for the fabrication of a graphene-based nanosieve and its application in the separation of similar-size proteins. A suspended reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosieve with ultra-thin, large-area, well-ordered, and dense 15 nm-sized pores was fabricated using block copolymer (BCP) lithography. The fabricated 5 nm-ultrathin nanosieve with an area of 200 μm × 200 μm (an ultra-high aspect ratio of ∼40 000) endured pressure up to 1 atm, and effectively separated hemoglobin (Hb) from a mixture of hemoglobin and immunoglobulin G (IgG), the common proteins in human blood, in a highly selective and rapid manner. The use of the suspended rGO nanosieve is expected to provide a simple and manufacturable platform for practical biomolecule separation offering high selectivity and a large throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sik Lee
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea.
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