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Moyer JC, Chivukula VK, Taheri-Tehrani P, Sandhu S, Blaha C, Fissell WH, Roy S. An arteriovenous mock circulatory loop and accompanying bond graph model for in vitro study of peripheral intravascular bioartificial organs. Artif Organs 2024; 48:336-346. [PMID: 38073602 PMCID: PMC10960694 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon nanopore membrane-based implantable bioartificial organs are dependent on arteriovenous implantation of a mechanically robust and biocompatible hemofilter. The hemofilter acts as a low-resistance, high-flow network, with blood flow physiology similar to arteriovenous shunts commonly created for hemodialysis access. A mock circulatory loop (MCL) that mimics shunt physiology is an essential tool for refinement and durability testing of arteriovenous implantable bioartificial organs and silicon blood-interfacing membranes. We sought to develop a compact and cost-effective MCL to replicate flow conditions through an arteriovenous shunt and used data from the MCL and swine to inform a bond graph mathematical model of the physical setup. METHODS Flow physiology through bioartificial organ prototypes was obtained in the MCL and during extracorporeal attachment to swine for biologic comparison. The MCL was tested for stability overtime by measuring pressurewave variability over a 48-h period. Data obtained in vitro and extracorporeally informed creation of a bond graph model of the MCL. RESULTS The arteriovenous MCL was a cost-effective, portable system that reproduced flow rates and pressures consistent with a pulsatile arteriovenous shunt as measured in swine. MCL performance was stable over prolonged use, providing a cost-effective simulator for enhanced testing of peripherally implanted bioartificial organ prototypes. The corresponding bond graph model recapitulates MCL and animal physiology, offering a tool for further refinement of the MCL system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett C. Moyer
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Venkat Keshav Chivukula
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Parsa Taheri-Tehrani
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sukhveer Sandhu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William H. Fissell
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Moyer J, Wilson MW, Sorrentino TA, Santandreu A, Chen C, Hu D, Kerdok A, Porock E, Wright N, Ly J, Blaha C, Frassetto LA, Fissell WH, Vartanian SM, Roy S. Renal Embolization-Induced Uremic Swine Model for Assessment of Next-Generation Implantable Hemodialyzers. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:547. [PMID: 37755973 PMCID: PMC10536310 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable models of renal failure in large animals are critical to the successful translation of the next generation of renal replacement therapies (RRT) into humans. While models exist for the induction of renal failure, none are optimized for the implantation of devices to the retroperitoneal vasculature. We successfully piloted an embolization-to-implantation protocol enabling the first implant of a silicon nanopore membrane hemodialyzer (SNMHD) in a swine renal failure model. Renal arterial embolization is a non-invasive approach to near-total nephrectomy that preserves retroperitoneal anatomy for device implants. Silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) are efficient blood-compatible membranes that enable novel approaches to RRT. Yucatan minipigs underwent staged bilateral renal arterial embolization to induce renal failure, managed by intermittent hemodialysis. A small-scale arteriovenous SNMHD prototype was implanted into the retroperitoneum. Dialysate catheters were tunneled externally for connection to a dialysate recirculation pump. SNMHD clearance was determined by intermittent sampling of recirculating dialysate. Creatinine and urea clearance through the SNMHD were 76-105 mL/min/m2 and 140-165 mL/min/m2, respectively, without albumin leakage. Normalized creatinine and urea clearance measured in the SNMHD may translate to a fully implantable clinical-scale device. This pilot study establishes a path toward therapeutic testing of the clinical-scale SNMHD and other implantable RRT devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett Moyer
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Mark W. Wilson
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Thomas A. Sorrentino
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Ana Santandreu
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Caressa Chen
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Dean Hu
- Outset Medical, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | | | - Edward Porock
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Nathan Wright
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Jimmy Ly
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Lynda A. Frassetto
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - William H. Fissell
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shant M. Vartanian
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.M.)
- Silicon Kidney, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
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3
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Kim EJ, Chen C, Gologorsky R, Santandreu A, Torres A, Wright N, Goodin MS, Moyer J, Chui BW, Blaha C, Brakeman P, Vartanian S, Tang Q, David Humes H, Fissell WH, Roy S. Feasibility of an implantable bioreactor for renal cell therapy using silicon nanopore membranes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4890. [PMID: 37644033 PMCID: PMC10465514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The definitive treatment for end-stage renal disease is kidney transplantation, which remains limited by organ availability and post-transplant complications. Alternatively, an implantable bioartificial kidney could address both problems while enhancing the quality and length of patient life. An implantable bioartificial kidney requires a bioreactor containing renal cells to replicate key native cell functions, such as water and solute reabsorption, and metabolic and endocrinologic functions. Here, we report a proof-of-concept implantable bioreactor containing silicon nanopore membranes to offer a level of immunoprotection to human renal epithelial cells. After implantation into pigs without systemic anticoagulation or immunosuppression therapy for 7 days, we show that cells maintain >90% viability and functionality, with normal or elevated transporter gene expression and vitamin D activation. Despite implantation into a xenograft model, we find that cells exhibit minimal damage, and recipient cytokine levels are not suggestive of hyperacute rejection. These initial data confirm the potential feasibility of an implantable bioreactor for renal cell therapy utilizing silicon nanopore membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caressa Chen
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nathan Wright
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Silicon Kidney LLC, San Ramon, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles Blaha
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Silicon Kidney LLC, San Ramon, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Qizhi Tang
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H David Humes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Innovative Biotherapies Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William H Fissell
- Silicon Kidney LLC, San Ramon, CA, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Silicon Kidney LLC, San Ramon, CA, USA.
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4
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Santandreu AG, Taheri-Tehrani P, Feinberg B, Torres A, Blaha C, Shaheen R, Moyer J, Wright N, Szot GL, Fissell WH, Vartanian S, Posselt A, Roy S. Characterization of human islet function in a convection-driven intravascular bioartificial pancreas. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10444. [PMID: 36925691 PMCID: PMC10013798 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation for treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited by the shortage of pancreas donors and need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. A convection-driven intravascular bioartificial pancreas (iBAP) based on highly permeable, yet immunologically protective, silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) holds promise to sustain islet function without the need for immunosuppressants. Here, we investigate short-term functionality of encapsulated human islets in an iBAP prototype. Using the finite element method (FEM), we calculated predicted oxygen profiles within islet scaffolds at normalized perifusion rates of 14-200 nl/min/IEQ. The modeling showed the need for minimum in vitro and in vivo islet perifusion rates of 28 and 100 nl/min/IEQ, respectively to support metabolic insulin production requirements in the iBAP. In vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) profiles revealed a first-phase response time of <15 min and comparable insulin production rates to standard perifusion systems (~10 pg/min/IEQ) for perifusion rates of 100-200 nl/min/IEQ. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), performed at a perifusion rate of 100-170 nl/min/IEQ in a non-diabetic pig, demonstrated a clinically relevant C-peptide production rate (1.0-2.8 pg/min/IEQ) with a response time of <5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Santandreu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Parsa Taheri-Tehrani
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Benjamin Feinberg
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Alonso Torres
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA.,Silicon Kidney LLC San Francisco California USA
| | - Rebecca Shaheen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Jarrett Moyer
- Department of Surgery University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Nathan Wright
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA.,Silicon Kidney LLC San Francisco California USA
| | - Gregory L Szot
- Department of Surgery University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - William H Fissell
- Silicon Kidney LLC San Francisco California USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Shant Vartanian
- Department of Surgery University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Andrew Posselt
- Department of Surgery University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California - San Francisco San Francisco California USA.,Silicon Kidney LLC San Francisco California USA
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5
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Meher N, Seo K, Wang S, Bidkar AP, Fogarty M, Dhrona S, Huang X, Tang R, Blaha C, Evans MJ, Raleigh DR, Jun YW, VanBrocklin HF, Desai TA, Wilson DM, Ozawa T, Flavell RR. Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Assessment of Carborane-Loaded Theranostic Nanoparticles to Target Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:54739-54752. [PMID: 34752058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an encouraging therapeutic modality for cancer treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell membrane protein that is abundantly overexpressed in prostate cancer and can be targeted with radioligand therapies to stimulate clinical responses in patients. In principle, a spatially targeted neutron beam together with specifically targeted PSMA ligands could enable prostate cancer-targeted BNCT. Thus, we developed and tested PSMA-targeted poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with carborane and tethered to the radiometal chelator deferoxamine B (DFB) for simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and selective delivery of boron to prostate cancer. Monomeric PLGA-b-PEGs were covalently functionalized with either DFB or the PSMA ligand ACUPA. Different nanoparticle formulations were generated by nanoemulsification of the corresponding unmodified and DFB- or ACUPA-modified monomers in varying percent fractions. The nanoparticles were efficiently labeled with 89Zr and were subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluation. The optimized DFB(25)ACUPA(75) NPs exhibited strong in vitro binding to PSMA in direct binding and competition radioligand binding assays in PSMA(+) PC3-Pip cells. [89Zr]DFB(25) NPs and [89Zr]DFB(25)ACUPA(75) NPs were injected to mice with bilateral PSMA(-) PC3-Flu and PSMA(+) PC3-Pip dual xenografts. The NPs demonstrated twofold superior accumulation in PC3-Pip tumors to that of PC3-Flu tumors with a tumor/blood ratio of 25; however, no substantial effect of the ACUPA ligands was detected. Moreover, fast release of carborane from the NPs was observed, resulting in a low boron delivery to tumors in vivo. In summary, these data demonstrate the synthesis, characterization, and initial biological assessment of PSMA-targeted, carborane-loaded PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles and establish the foundation for future efforts to enable their best use in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kyounghee Seo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Anil P Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Miko Fogarty
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Young-Wook Jun
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Tomoko Ozawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
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6
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Shaheen R, Gurlin RE, Gologorsky R, Blaha C, Munnangi P, Santandreu A, Torres A, Carnese P, Nair GG, Szot G, Fissell WH, Hebrok M, Roy S. Superporous agarose scaffolds for encapsulation of adult human islets and human stem-cell-derived β cells for intravascular bioartificial pancreas applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2438-2448. [PMID: 34196100 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetic patients with severe hypoglycemia unawareness have benefitted from cellular therapies, such as pancreas or islet transplantation; however, donor shortage and the need for immunosuppression limits widespread clinical application. We previously developed an intravascular bioartificial pancreas (iBAP) using silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) for immunoprotection. To ensure ample nutrient delivery, the iBAP will need a cell scaffold with high hydraulic permeability to provide mechanical support and maintain islet viability and function. Here, we examine the feasibility of superporous agarose (SPA) as a potential cell scaffold in the iBAP. SPA exhibits 66-fold greater hydraulic permeability than the SNM along with a short (<10 μm) diffusion distance to the nearest islet. SPA also supports short-term functionality of both encapsulated human islets and stem-cell-derived enriched β-clusters in a convection-based system, demonstrated by high viability (>95%) and biphasic insulin responses to dynamic glucose stimulus. These findings suggest that the SPA scaffold will not limit nutrient delivery in a convection-based bioartificial pancreas and merits continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Shaheen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel E Gurlin
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Gologorsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Silicon Kidney, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pujita Munnangi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ana Santandreu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alonso Torres
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phichitpol Carnese
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gregory Szot
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William H Fissell
- Silicon Kidney, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Silicon Kidney, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Wang S, Blaha C, Santos R, Huynh T, Hayes TR, Beckford-Vera DR, Blecha JE, Hong AS, Fogarty M, Hope TA, Raleigh DR, Wilson DM, Evans MJ, VanBrocklin HF, Ozawa T, Flavell RR. Synthesis and Initial Biological Evaluation of Boron-Containing Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands for Treatment of Prostate Cancer Using Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3831-3841. [PMID: 31381351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a therapeutic modality which has been used for the treatment of cancers, including brain and head and neck tumors. For effective treatment via BNCT, efficient and selective delivery of a high boron dose to cancer cells is needed. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a target for prostate cancer imaging and drug delivery. In this study, we conjugated boronic acid or carborane functional groups to a well-established PSMA inhibitor scaffold to deliver boron to prostate cancer cells and prostate tumor xenograft models. Eight boron-containing PSMA inhibitors were synthesized. All of these compounds showed a strong binding affinity to PSMA in a competition radioligand binding assay (IC50 from 555.7 to 20.3 nM). Three selected compounds 1a, 1d, and 1f were administered to mice, and their in vivo blocking of 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake was demonstrated through a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution experiment. Biodistribution analysis demonstrated boron uptake of 4-7 μg/g in 22Rv1 prostate xenograft tumors and similar tumor/muscle ratios compared to the ratio for the most commonly used BNCT compound, 4-borono-l-phenylalanine (BPA). Taken together, these data suggest a potential role for PSMA targeted BNCT agents in prostate cancer therapy following suitable optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Raquel Santos
- Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Tony Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Thomas R Hayes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Denis R Beckford-Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Andrew S Hong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Miko Fogarty
- Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States.,Departments of Radiation Oncology , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Tomoko Ozawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
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8
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Dharia A, Abada E, Feinberg B, Yeager T, Moses W, Park J, Blaha C, Wright N, Padilla B, Roy S. Silicon Micropore-Based Parallel Plate Membrane Oxygenator. Artif Organs 2017; 42:166-173. [PMID: 28800389 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system to temporarily (days to months) support heart or lung function during cardiopulmonary failure until organ recovery or replacement. Currently, the need for high levels of systemic anticoagulation and the risk for bleeding are main drawbacks of ECMO that can be addressed with a redesigned ECMO system. Our lab has developed an approach using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques to create novel gas exchange membranes consisting of a rigid silicon micropore membrane (SμM) support structure bonded to a thin film of gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This study details the fabrication process to create silicon membranes with highly uniform micropores that have a high level of pattern fidelity. The oxygen transport across these membranes was tested in a simple water-based bench-top set-up as well in a porcine in vivo model. It was determined that the mass transfer coefficient for the system using SµM-PDMS membranes was 3.03 ± 0.42 mL O2 min-1 m-2 cm Hg-1 with pure water and 1.71 ± 1.03 mL O2 min-1 m-2 cm Hg-1 with blood. An analytic model to predict gas transport was developed using data from the bench-top experiments and validated with in vivo testing. This was a proof of concept study showing adequate oxygen transport across a parallel plate SµM-PDMS membrane when used as a membrane oxygenator. This work establishes the tools and the equipoise to develop future generations of silicon micropore membrane oxygenators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Dharia
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, UCSF School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Abada
- UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Feinberg
- UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Torin Yeager
- UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Willieford Moses
- Department of Surgery, UCSF School of Medicine and Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jaehyun Park
- UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Wright
- UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Padilla
- Department of Surgery, UCSF School of Medicine and Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Song S, Blaha C, Moses W, Park J, Wright N, Groszek J, Fissell W, Vartanian S, Posselt AM, Roy S. Correction: An intravascular bioartificial pancreas device (iBAP) with silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) for islet encapsulation under convective mass transport. Lab Chip 2017; 17:2334. [PMID: 28598484 PMCID: PMC5575739 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc90058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'An intravascular bioartificial pancreas device (iBAP) with silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) for islet encapsulation under convective mass transport' by Shang Song et al., Lab Chip, 2017, 17, 1778-1792.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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10
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Song S, Blaha C, Moses W, Park J, Wright N, Groszek J, Fissell W, Vartanian S, Posselt AM, Roy S. An intravascular bioartificial pancreas device (iBAP) with silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) for islet encapsulation under convective mass transport. Lab Chip 2017; 17:1778-1792. [PMID: 28426078 PMCID: PMC5573191 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-based bioartificial pancreas (BAP) devices are limited by poor islet viability and functionality due to inadequate mass transfer resulting in islet hypoxia and delayed glucose-insulin kinetics. While intravascular ultrafiltration-based BAP devices possess enhanced glucose-insulin kinetics, the polymer membranes used in these devices provide inadequate ultrafiltrate flow rates and result in excessive thrombosis. Here, we report the silicon nanopore membrane (SNM), which exhibits a greater hydraulic permeability and a superior pore size selectivity compared to polymer membranes for use in BAP applications. Specifically, we demonstrate that the SNM-based intravascular BAP with ∼10 and ∼40 nm pore sized membranes support high islet viability (>60%) and functionality (<15 minute insulin response to glucose stimulation) at clinically relevant islet densities (5700 and 11 400 IE per cm2) under convection in vitro. In vivo studies with ∼10 nm pore sized SNM in a porcine model showed high islet viability (>85%) at clinically relevant islet density (5700 IE per cm2), c-peptide concentration of 144 pM in the outflow ultrafiltrate, and hemocompatibility under convection. These promising findings offer insights on the development of next generation of full-scale intravascular devices to treat T1D patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Kim S, Feinberg B, Kant R, Chui B, Goldman K, Park J, Moses W, Blaha C, Iqbal Z, Chow C, Wright N, Fissell WH, Zydney A, Roy S. Diffusive Silicon Nanopore Membranes for Hemodialysis Applications. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159526. [PMID: 27438878 PMCID: PMC4954641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis using hollow-fiber membranes provides life-sustaining treatment for nearly 2 million patients worldwide with end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, patients on hemodialysis have worse long-term outcomes compared to kidney transplant or other chronic illnesses. Additionally, the underlying membrane technology of polymer hollow-fiber membranes has not fundamentally changed in over four decades. Therefore, we have proposed a fundamentally different approach using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques to create thin-flat sheets of silicon-based membranes for implantable or portable hemodialysis applications. The silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) have biomimetic slit-pore geometry and uniform pores size distribution that allow for exceptional permeability and selectivity. A quantitative diffusion model identified structural limits to diffusive solute transport and motivated a new microfabrication technique to create SNM with enhanced diffusive transport. We performed in vitro testing and extracorporeal testing in pigs on prototype membranes with an effective surface area of 2.52 cm2 and 2.02 cm2, respectively. The diffusive clearance was a two-fold improvement in with the new microfabrication technique and was consistent with our mathematical model. These results establish the feasibility of using SNM for hemodialysis applications with additional scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kim
- Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Feinberg
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rishi Kant
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Chui
- Ben Chui Consulting, Sunnyvale, California, United States of America
| | - Ken Goldman
- H-Cubed, Olmsted Falls, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Willieford Moses
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Silicon Kidney, LLC, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zohora Iqbal
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Clarence Chow
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nathan Wright
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Silicon Kidney, LLC, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - William H. Fissell
- Silicon Kidney, LLC, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrew Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Silicon Kidney, LLC, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Min HK, Ross EK, Lee KH, Dennis K, Han SR, Jeong JH, Marsh MP, Striemer B, Felmlee JP, Lujan JL, Goerss S, Duffy PS, Blaha C, Chang SY, Bennet KE. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation induces motor network BOLD activation: use of a high precision MRI guided stereotactic system for nonhuman primates. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:603-607. [PMID: 24933029 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful method for identifying in vivo network activation evoked by deep brain stimulation (DBS). OBJECTIVE Identify the global neural circuitry effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS in nonhuman primates (NHP). METHOD An in-house developed MR image-guided stereotactic targeting system delivered a mini-DBS stimulating electrode, and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation during STN DBS in healthy NHP was measured by combining fMRI with a normalized functional activation map and general linear modeling. RESULTS STN DBS significantly increased BOLD activation in the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, caudate nucleus, pedunculopontine nucleus, cingulate, insular cortex, and cerebellum (FDR < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that STN DBS evokes neural network grouping within the motor network and the basal ganglia. Taken together, these data highlight the importance and specificity of neural circuitry activation patterns and functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erika K Ross
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kendall Dennis
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Seong Rok Han
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ho Jeong
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael P Marsh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bryan Striemer
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joel P Felmlee
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - J Luis Lujan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steve Goerss
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Penelope S Duffy
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Su-Youne Chang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin E Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Lee KH, Chang SY, Jang DP, Kim I, Goerss S, Van Gompel J, Min P, Arora K, Marsh M, Hwang SC, Kimble CJ, Garris P, Blaha C, Bennet KE. Emerging techniques for elucidating mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2011:677-80. [PMID: 22254400 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) within the basal ganglia complex is an effective neurosurgical approach for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), Essential Tremor, Dystonia, Depression, Obssessive Compulsive Disorder, and Tourette's Syndrome, among others. Elucidating DBS mechanism has become a critical clinical and research goal in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery and in neural engineering. Along with electro-physiological and microdialysis techniques, two additional powerful technologies, notably functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and in vivo neurochemical monitoring have recently been used to investigate DBS-mediated activation of basal ganglia network circuitry. For this purpose, we have previously developed WINCS (Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensor System), which is an MRI-compatible wireless monitoring device to obtain chemically resolved neurotransmitter measurements at implanted microsensors in a large mammalian model (pig) as well as in human patients. This device supports an array of electrochemical measurements that includes fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) for real-time simultaneous in vivo monitoring of dopamine and adenosine release at carbon-fiber microelectrodes as well as fixed potential amperometry for monitoring of glutamate at enzyme-linked biosensors. In addition, we have utilized fMRI to investigate subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS activation in the pig with 3Tesla MR scanner. We demonstrate the activation of specific basal ganglia circuitry during STN DBS using both fMRI and FSCV in the pig model. Our results suggest that fMRI and electrochemistry are important emerging techniques for use in elucidating mechanism of action of DBS.
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14
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Fielding J, Rogers T, Meyer A, Miller M, Nelms J, Ward M, Mittleman G, Blaha C, Sable H. Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in rats alters cocaine-induced dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Lydakis C, Momen A, Blaha C, Gugoff S, Gray K, Herr M, Leuenberger UA, Sinoway LI. Changes of central haemodynamic parameters during mental stress and acute bouts of static and dynamic exercise. J Hum Hypertens 2008; 22:320-8. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2008.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Lee KH, Kristic K, van Hoff R, Hitti FL, Blaha C, Harris B, Roberts DW, Leiter JC. High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus increases glutamate in the subthalamic nucleus of rats as demonstrated by in vivo enzyme-linked glutamate sensor. Brain Res 2007; 1162:121-9. [PMID: 17618941 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease; however, the mechanism whereby DBS ameliorates the symptoms of Parkinson's disease remains an area of intense research. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that the neurotransmitter glutamate is released within the STN during high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the STN. Direct measurements of extracellular glutamate concentration in the STN were made using a dual enzyme-based electrochemical sensor. The studies were carried out in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized rats placed in a Kopf stereotaxic head frame. Various electrical stimulations (100-micros cathodic pulses; 100-3000 microA; 10- to 1000-Hz frequency; 5-s to 60-min stimulus durations) using bipolar stimulating electrodes were delivered to the STN. Stimulation of the STN elevated the concentration of glutamate in the STN. The concentration of glutamate rose quickly during HFS, remained elevated for the duration of stimulation, and descended slowly towards baseline upon cessation of stimulation. Elevation of the extracellular concentration of glutamate in the STN may be an important mechanism whereby DBS in the STN improves the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, our data argue against the hypothesis that DBS works primarily by electrotonic inhibition of the stimulated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, S.W., Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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17
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Eskandar EN, Williams Z, Amirnovin R, Lee KH, Blaha C. Deep Brain Stimulation for the Enhancement of Learning. Neurosurgery 2006. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000309940.14069.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Eskandar EN, Williams Z, Amirnovin R, Lee KH, Blaha C. Deep Brain Stimulation for the Enhancement of Learning. Neurosurgery 2006. [DOI: 10.1227/00006123-200608000-00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Blaha C, Duchêne M, Aspöck H, Walochnik J. In vitro activity of hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) against metronidazole-resistant and -susceptible strains of Trichomonas vaginalis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 57:273-8. [PMID: 16344287 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease with worldwide significance. Trichomoniasis can be treated with metronidazole; however, resistant strains of T. vaginalis have been isolated and there is a lack of useful alternative drugs. The aim of the present study was to examine the activity of hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC; miltefosine), a membrane-active alkylphospholipid, that is licensed as an antileishmanial agent against T. vaginalis. METHODS The efficacy of HePC after 30 min, 1 h, 16 h and 24 h against four different T. vaginalis strains (with varying resistance to metronidazole) was evaluated. RESULTS It was shown that all isolates, including the metronidazole-resistant strains, were susceptible to HePC, with EC50s of between 8 and 40 microM and EC90s of between 8 and 80 microM depending on time and on the medium used for the experiments. Treatment of trichomonads with HePC resulted in rounding up and, at concentrations of >or=40 microM, in subsequent total lysis of the organisms. CONCLUSIONS HePC may be a promising new candidate for the treatment of trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blaha
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1095 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Gerlach M, van den Buuse M, Blaha C, Bremen D, Riederer P. Entacapon verstärkt und verlängert die Dopamin-Freisetzung nach Gabe von L-DOPA in der unilateral 6-Hydroxydopamin-läsionierten Ratte. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-866661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Wang H, Ng K, Hayes D, Gao X, Forster G, Blaha C, Yeomans J. Decreased amphetamine-induced locomotion and improved latent inhibition in mice mutant for the M5 muscarinic receptor gene found in the human 15q schizophrenia region. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:2126-39. [PMID: 15213703 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
M5 muscarinic receptors are coexpressed with D2 dopamine receptors in the ventral tegmentum and striatum, and are important for reward in rodents. Previously, we reported that disruption of the M5 receptor gene in mice reduced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. In this study, we established a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping method for M5 mutant mice, and, using RT-PCR, found that M5 mRNA expression was highest in the ventral tegmentum, striatum, and thalamus in wild-type mice. In the M5 mutant mice, D2 mRNA expression was increased in several brain structures, including the striatum. Genome mapping studies showed the M5 gene is localized to chromosome 2E4 in mice, and to 15q13 in humans in the region that has been linked to schizophrenia. Amphetamine-induced locomotion, but not baseline locomotion or motor functions, decreased in M5 mutant mice, consistent with lower accumbal dopamine release. Previous reports found latent inhibition improvement in rats following nucleus accumbens lesions, or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors with neuroleptic drugs. Here, latent inhibition was significantly increased in M5 mutant mice as compared with controls, consistent with reduced dopamine function in the nucleus accumbens. In summary, our results showed that M5 gene disruption in mice decreased amphetamine-induced locomotion and increased latent inhibition, suggesting that increased M5 mesolimbic function may be relevant to schizophrenia.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation/methods
- Amphetamine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Blotting, Southern/methods
- Brain/anatomy & histology
- Brain/metabolism
- Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology
- Chromosome Mapping/methods
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Genotype
- Humans
- Inhibition, Psychological
- Locomotion/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Pain Measurement/drug effects
- Psychomotor Performance/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Muscarinic M5/genetics
- Receptor, Muscarinic M5/metabolism
- Receptor, Muscarinic M5/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/immunology
- Reflex, Startle/drug effects
- Reflex, Startle/radiation effects
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Gerlach M, van den Buuse M, Blaha C, Bremen D, Riederer P. Entacapone increases and prolongs the central effects of l-DOPA in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004; 370:388-94. [PMID: 15502970 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-004-0984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-term palliative treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with the dopamine precursor l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l-DOPA, levodopa) is compromised by the occurrence of motor complications, most notably motor fluctuations and involuntary movements, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of adding the catechol- O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor entacapone to chronic treatment with l-DOPA/benserazide. It was hoped that the administration of entacapone would prolong and smooth the central effect of l-DOPA exposure and that this would result in a reduced risk of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia induction by lowering the l-DOPA dose. The rotational response and striatal extracellular dopamine release were assessed in rats that had undergone a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the nigro-striatal system. Previous studies have shown that repeated treatment with l-DOPA is accompanied by a marked enhancement in behavioural responses and has pharmacological characteristics similar to l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In the present study, we demonstrated that rats receiving entacapone in addition to 6.50 mg/kg of l-DOPA displayed significant enhancement of the developing contralateral turning response compared with rats treated with the same dose of l-DOPA only. However, when reducing the l-DOPA dose to 4.25 mg/kg the behavioural response was comparable to that seen in rats treated with the higher dose of l-DOPA only. Voltammetry analysis suggests that the increased behavioural response in entacapone-treated rats is the result of a much larger dopamine release. In addition, we found that entacapone treatment prolonged and smoothed the striatal dopamine levels following chronic l-DOPA/benserazide treatment. From a clinical point of view, this finding suggests that administration of a COMT inhibitor should allow the frequency of l-DOPA administration to decrease and to smooth the brain delivery of the l-DOPA, which in the end should facilitate a reduction in the risk of dyskinesia induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Gerlach
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
Mesopontine cholinergic neurons (Ch5 and Ch6 cell groups) activate the cerebral cortex via thalamic projections, and activate locomotion and reward via dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Nicotinic receptors in VTA activate dopamine neurons quickly, and are needed for the stimulant and rewarding effects of nicotine in rats. Muscarinic receptors in VTA activate dopamine neurons slowly, and are needed for the rewarding effects of hypothalamic stimulation, but do not increase locomotion. Antisense oligonucleotides targetting M5 mRNA, when infused into the VTA, inhibited M5 receptor binding and rewarding hypothalamic stimulation. Mutant mice with truncated M5 muscarinic receptor genes drank more water than wild-type controls. Spontaneous locomotion and locomotor responses to amphetamine and scopolamine were unchanged. Electrical stimulation near Ch6 induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in two phases, an early phase (0-2 min after stimulation) dependent on nicotinic and gluatamatergic receptors in VTA, and a late phase (8-50 min after stimulation) dependent on muscarinic receptors in VTA. The late phase was lost in M5 mutant mice, while the early phase was unchanged. M5 muscarinic receptors bind slowly to muscarinic ligands, and appear to mediate slow secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yeomans
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Blaha C, Robinson JM, Pugh LC, Bryan Y, Havens DS. Longitudinal nursing case management for elderly heart failure patients: notes from the field. Nurs Case Manag 2000; 5:32-6. [PMID: 10855156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal case management is an intervention delivered by professional nurses that involves following patients from the inpatient to the outpatient arena. The hands-on process of day-to-day case management of elderly persons with heart failure is presented. The issues associated with delivering this intervention to this patient population are examined, and implications for refining the case management process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blaha
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
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25
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Pugh LC, Tringali RA, Boehmer J, Blaha C, Kruger NR, Capauna TA, Bryan Y, Robinson J, Belmont D, Young M, Xie S. Partners in care: a model of collaboration. Holist Nurs Pract 1999; 13:61-5. [PMID: 10196904 DOI: 10.1097/00004650-199901000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 3 million persons in the United States have congestive heart failure. This diagnosis accounts for more than 5% of total health expenditures. A method to decrease the costs of health care was initiated through the partners-in-care model of collaborative practice. A research study exploring the use of nurse case managers in collaboration with cardiologists and primary care physicians is being conducted with persons older than 65 years. This care encompasses both inpatient and outpatient care. The intervention comprises nurse visits in the hospital and in the home as well as telephone support for 6 months after the index hospitalization. The outcomes of quality of life, functional status, mortality, morbidity, and costs are being examined. Collaborative health care partnerships may be an effective strategy to decrease health care costs and improve quality of life and functional status of older persons with congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Pugh
- Center for Nursing Research, Penn State Geisinger Health System, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Srácek J, Blaha C, Kotrs D, Kotrbová J, Wiedermann J. [IUD insertion or a prescription for oral contraceptives immediately after an induced abortion]. Cesk Gynekol 1992; 57:118-20. [PMID: 1505037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Srácek
- Gynek.-porod. oddĕlení NsP, Dacice
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