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Meher N, Ashley GW, Bobba KN, Wadhwa A, Bidkar AP, Dasari C, Mu C, Sankaranarayanan RA, Serrano JAC, Raveendran A, Bulkley DP, Aggarwal R, Greenland NY, Oskowitz A, Wilson DM, Seo Y, Santi DV, VanBrocklin HF, Flavell RR. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeted StarPEG Nanocarrier for Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304618. [PMID: 38700450 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The tumor uptake of large non-targeted nanocarriers primarily occurs through passive extravasation, known as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Prior studies demonstrated improved tumor uptake and retention of 4-arm 40 kDa star polyethylene glycol (StarPEG) polymers for cancer imaging by adding prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting small molecule ligands. To test PSMA-targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy, StarPEG nanodrugs with/without three copies of PSMA-targeting ligands, ACUPA, are designed and synthesized. For single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and therapy, each nanocarrier is labeled with 177Lu using DOTA radiometal chelator. The radiolabeled nanodrugs, [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1 and [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3, are evaluated in vitro and in vivo using PSMA+ PC3-Pip and/or PSMA- PC3-Flu cell lines, subcutaneous xenografts and disseminated metastatic models. The nanocarriers are efficiently radiolabeled with 177Lu with molar activities 10.8-15.8 MBq/nmol. Besides excellent in vitro PSMA binding affinity (kD = 51.7 nM), the targeted nanocarrier, [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3, demonstrated excellent in vivo SPECT imaging contrast with 21.3% ID/g PC3-Pip tumors uptake at 192 h. Single doses of 18.5 MBq [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3 showed complete resolution of the PC3-Pip xenografts observed up to 138 days. Along with PSMA-targeted excellent imaging contrast, these results demonstrated high treatment efficacy of [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3 for prostate cancer, with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | | | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Anil P Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Dasari
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0981, USA
| | - Changhua Mu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | - Juan A Camara Serrano
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | - Athira Raveendran
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David P Bulkley
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | - Nancy Y Greenland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158-2517, USA
| | - Adam Oskowitz
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0981, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | | | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Shrestha U, Chae HD, Fang Q, Lee RJ, Packiasamy J, Huynh L, Blecha J, Huynh TL, VanBrocklin HF, Levi J, Seo Y. A feasibility study of [18F]F-AraG positron emission tomography (PET) for cardiac imaging - myocardial viability in ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4244476. [PMID: 38746162 PMCID: PMC11092840 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4244476/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Myocardial infarction (MI) with subsequent inflammation is one of the most common heart conditions leading to progressive tissue damage. A reliable imaging marker to assess tissue viability after MI would help determine the risks and benefits of any intervention. In this study, we investigate whether a new mitochondria-targeted imaging agent, 18 F-labeled 2'-deoxy-2'- 18 F-fluoro-9-β-d-arabinofuranosylguanine ([ 18 F]F-AraG), a positron emission tomography (PET) agent developed for imaging activated T cells, is suitable for cardiac imaging and to test the myocardial viability after MI. Procedure: To test whether the myocardial [ 18 F]-F-AraG signal is coming from cardiomyocytes or immune infiltrates, we compared cardiac signal in wild-type (WT) mice with that of T cell deficient Rag1 knockout ( Rag1 KO) mice. We assessed the effect of dietary nucleotides on myocardial [ 18 F]F-AraG uptake in normal heart by comparing [ 18 F]F-AraG signals between mice fed with purified diet and those fed with purified diet supplemented with nucleotides. The myocardial viability was investigated in rodent model by imaging rat with [ 18 F]F-AraG and 2-deoxy-2[ 18 F]fluoro-D-glucose ([ 18 F]FDG) before and after MI. All PET signals were quantified in terms of the percent injected dose per cc (%ID/cc). We also explored [ 18 F]FDG signal variability and potential T cell infiltration into fibrotic area in the affected myocardium with H&E analysis. Results: The difference in %ID/cc for Rag1 KO and WT mice was not significant ( p = ns) indicating that the [ 18 F]F-AraG signal in the myocardium was primarily coming from cardiomyocytes. No difference in myocardial uptake was observed between [ 18 F]F-AraG signals in mice fed with purified diet and with purified diet supplemented with nucleotides ( p = ns). The [ 18 F]FDG signals showed wider variability at different time points. Noticeable [ 18 F]F-AraG signals were observed in the affected MI regions. There were T cells in the fibrotic area in the H&E analysis, but they did not constitute the predominant infiltrates. Conclusions: Our preliminary preclinical data show that [ 18 F]F-AraG accumulates in cardiomyocytes indicating that it may be suitable for cardiac imaging and to evaluate the myocardial viability after MI.
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Wadhwa A, Wang S, Patiño-Escobar B, Bidkar AP, Bobba KN, Chan E, Meher N, Bidlingmaier S, Su Y, Dhrona S, Geng H, Sarin V, VanBrocklin HF, Wilson DM, He J, Zhang L, Steri V, Wong SW, Martin TG, Seo Y, Liu B, Wiita AP, Flavell RR. CD46-Targeted Theranostics for PET and 225Ac-Radiopharmaceutical Therapy of Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1009-1021. [PMID: 38109209 PMCID: PMC10905524 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy with an unmet clinical need for improved imaging methods and therapeutics. Recently, we identified CD46 as an overexpressed therapeutic target in multiple myeloma and developed the antibody YS5, which targets a cancer-specific epitope on this protein. We further developed the CD46-targeting PET probe [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 for imaging and [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 for radiopharmaceutical therapy of prostate cancer. These prior studies suggested the feasibility of the CD46 antigen as a theranostic target in multiple myeloma. Herein, we validate [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 for immunoPET imaging and [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 for radiopharmaceutical therapy of multiple myeloma in murine models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro saturation binding was performed using the CD46 expressing MM.1S multiple myeloma cell line. ImmunoPET imaging using [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 was performed in immunodeficient (NSG) mice bearing subcutaneous and systemic multiple myeloma xenografts. For radioligand therapy, [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 was prepared, and both dose escalation and fractionated dose treatment studies were performed in mice bearing MM1.S-Luc systemic xenografts. Tumor burden was analyzed using BLI, and body weight and overall survival were recorded to assess antitumor effect and toxicity. RESULTS [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 demonstrated high affinity for CD46 expressing MM.1S multiple myeloma cells (Kd = 16.3 nmol/L). In vitro assays in multiple myeloma cell lines demonstrated high binding, and bioinformatics analysis of human multiple myeloma samples revealed high CD46 expression. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 PET/CT specifically detected multiple myeloma lesions in a variety of models, with low uptake in controls, including CD46 knockout (KO) mice or multiple myeloma mice using a nontargeted antibody. In the MM.1S systemic model, localization of uptake on PET imaging correlated well with the luciferase expression from tumor cells. A treatment study using [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 in the MM.1S systemic model demonstrated a clear tumor volume and survival benefit in the treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the CD46-targeted probe [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 can successfully image CD46-expressing multiple myeloma xenografts in murine models, and [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 can effectively inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma. These results demonstrate that CD46 is a promising theranostic target for multiple myeloma, with the potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bonell Patiño-Escobar
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Anil P. Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily Chan
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Vishesh Sarin
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Li Zhang
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Veronica Steri
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Sandy W. Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas G. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Arun P. Wiita
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Bobba KN, Bidkar AP, Wadhwa A, Meher N, Drona S, Sorlin AM, Bidlingmaier S, Zhang L, Wilson DM, Chan E, Greenland NY, Aggarwal R, VanBrocklin HF, He J, Chou J, Seo Y, Liu B, Flavell RR. Development of CD46 targeted alpha theranostics in prostate cancer using 134Ce/ 225Ac-Macropa-PEG 4-YS5. Theranostics 2024; 14:1344-1360. [PMID: 38389832 PMCID: PMC10879874 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: 225Ac, a long-lived α-emitter with a half-life of 9.92 days, has garnered significant attention as a therapeutic radionuclide when coupled with monoclonal antibodies and other targeting vectors. Nevertheless, its clinical utility has been hampered by potential off-target toxicity, a lack of optimized chelators for 225Ac, and limitations in radiolabeling methods. In a prior study evaluating the effectiveness of CD46-targeted radioimmunotherapy, we found great therapeutic efficacy but also significant toxicity at higher doses. To address these challenges, we have developed a radioimmunoconjugate called 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5, incorporating a stable PEGylated linker to maximize tumoral uptake and increase tumor-to-background ratios. Our research demonstrates that this conjugate exhibits greater anti-tumor efficacy while minimizing toxicity in prostate cancer 22Rv1 tumors. Methods: We synthesized Macropa.NCS and Macropa-PEG4/8-TFP esters and prepared Macropa-PEG0/4/8-YS5 (with nearly ~1:1 ratio of macropa chelator to antibody YS5) as well as DOTA-YS5 conjugates. These conjugates were then radiolabeled with 225Ac in a 2 M NH4OAc solution at 30 °C, followed by purification using YM30K centrifugal purification. Subsequently, we conducted biodistribution studies and evaluated antitumor activity in nude mice (nu/nu) bearing prostate 22Rv1 xenografts in both single-dose and fractionated dosing studies. Micro-PET imaging studies were performed with 134Ce-Macropa-PEG0/4/8-YS5 in 22Rv1 xenografts for 7 days. Toxicity studies were also performed in healthy athymic nude mice. Results: As expected, we achieved a >95% radiochemical yield when labeling Macropa-PEG0/4/8-YS5 with 225Ac, regardless of the chelator ratios (ranging from 1 to 7.76 per YS5 antibody). The isolated yield exceeded 60% after purification. Such high conversions were not observed with the DOTA-YS5 conjugate, even at a higher ratio of 8.5 chelators per antibody (RCY of 83%, an isolated yield of 40%). Biodistribution analysis at 7 days post-injection revealed higher tumor uptake for the 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5 (82.82 ± 38.27 %ID/g) compared to other conjugates, namely 225Ac-Macropa-PEG0/8-YS5 (38.2 ± 14.4/36.39 ± 12.4 %ID/g) and 225Ac-DOTA-YS5 (29.35 ± 7.76 %ID/g). The PET Imaging of 134Ce-Macropa-PEG0/4/8-YS5 conjugates resulted in a high tumor uptake, and tumor to background ratios. In terms of antitumor activity, 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5 exhibited a substantial response, leading to prolonged survival compared to 225Ac-DOTA-YS5, particularly when administered at 4.625 kBq doses, in single or fractionated dose regimens. Chronic toxicity studies observed mild to moderate renal toxicity at 4.625 and 9.25 kBq doses. Conclusions: Our study highlights the promise of 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5 for targeted alpha particle therapy. The 225Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5 conjugate demonstrates improved biodistribution, reduced off-target binding, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, particularly at lower doses, compared to 225Ac-DOTA-YS5. Incorporating theranostic 134Ce PET imaging further enhances the versatility of macropa-PEG conjugates, offering a more effective and safer approach to cancer treatment. Overall, this methodology has a high potential for broader clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Anil P. Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Suchi Drona
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Alexandre M. Sorlin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Nancy Y. Greenland
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, United States
| | - Jonathan Chou
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
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Hayes TR, Chao CK, Blecha JE, Huynh TL, VanBrocklin HF, Zinn KR, Gerdes JM, Thompson CM. [ 11C]Paraoxon: Radiosynthesis, Biodistribution and In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:333-346. [PMID: 37770203 PMCID: PMC10801775 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor paraoxon (POX) as a carbon-11 positron emission tomography tracer ([11C]POX) and profiling in live rats is reported. Naïve rats intravenously injected with [11C]POX showed a rapid decrease in parent tracer to ∼1%, with an increase in radiolabeled serum proteins to 87% and red blood cells (RBCs) to 9%. Protein and RBC leveled over 60 minutes, reflecting covalent modification of proteins by [11C]POX. Ex vivo biodistribution and imaging profiles in naïve rats had the highest radioactivity levels in lung followed by heart and kidney, and brain and liver the lowest. Brain radioactivity levels were low but observed immediately after injection and persisted over the 60-minute experiment. This showed for the first time that even low POX exposures (∼200 ng tracer) can rapidly enter brain. Rats given an LD50 dose of nonradioactive paraoxon at the LD50 20 or 60 minutes prior to [11C]POX tracer revealed that protein pools were blocked. Blood radioactivity at 20 minutes was markedly lower than naïve levels due to rapid protein modification by nonradioactive POX; however, by 60 minutes the blood radioactivity returned to near naïve levels. Live rat tissue imaging-derived radioactivity values were 10%-37% of naïve levels in nonradioactive POX pretreated rats at 20 minutes, but by 60 minutes the area under the curve (AUC) values had recovered to 25%-80% of naïve. The live rat imaging supported blockade by nonradioactive POX pretreatment at 20 minutes and recovery of proteins by 60 minutes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Paraoxon (POX) is an organophosphorus (OP) compound and a powerful prototype and substitute for OP chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as sarin, VX, etc. To study the distribution and penetration of POX into the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues, a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer analog, carbon-11-labeled paraoxon ([11C]POX), was prepared. Blood and tissue radioactivity levels in live rats demonstrated immediate penetration into the CNS and persistent radioactivity levels in tissues indicative of covalent target modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Hayes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (C.-K.C., J.M.G., C.M.T.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (T.R.H., J.E.B., T.L.H., H.F.V.); and Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (K.R.Z.)
| | - Chih-Kai Chao
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (C.-K.C., J.M.G., C.M.T.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (T.R.H., J.E.B., T.L.H., H.F.V.); and Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (K.R.Z.)
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (C.-K.C., J.M.G., C.M.T.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (T.R.H., J.E.B., T.L.H., H.F.V.); and Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (K.R.Z.)
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (C.-K.C., J.M.G., C.M.T.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (T.R.H., J.E.B., T.L.H., H.F.V.); and Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (K.R.Z.)
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (C.-K.C., J.M.G., C.M.T.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (T.R.H., J.E.B., T.L.H., H.F.V.); and Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (K.R.Z.)
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (C.-K.C., J.M.G., C.M.T.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (T.R.H., J.E.B., T.L.H., H.F.V.); and Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (K.R.Z.)
| | - John M Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (C.-K.C., J.M.G., C.M.T.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (T.R.H., J.E.B., T.L.H., H.F.V.); and Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (K.R.Z.)
| | - Charles M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (C.-K.C., J.M.G., C.M.T.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (T.R.H., J.E.B., T.L.H., H.F.V.); and Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (K.R.Z.)
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6
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Proal AD, VanElzakker MB, Aleman S, Bach K, Boribong BP, Buggert M, Cherry S, Chertow DS, Davies HE, Dupont CL, Deeks SG, Eimer W, Ely EW, Fasano A, Freire M, Geng LN, Griffin DE, Henrich TJ, Iwasaki A, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Locci M, Mehandru S, Painter MM, Peluso MJ, Pretorius E, Price DA, Putrino D, Scheuermann RH, Tan GS, Tanzi RE, VanBrocklin HF, Yonker LM, Wherry EJ. Author Correction: SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1778. [PMID: 37723351 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Proal
- PolyBio Research Foundation, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Michael B VanElzakker
- PolyBio Research Foundation, Medford, MA, USA
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soo Aleman
- Dept of Infectious Diseases and Unit of Post-Covid Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katie Bach
- PolyBio Research Foundation, Medford, MA, USA
- Nonresident Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brittany P Boribong
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, UPENN, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helen E Davies
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Steven G Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Eimer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Wesley Ely
- The Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, Survivorship (CIBS) Center at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Veteran's Affairs Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Freire
- J. Craig Venter Institute Department of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda N Geng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - David Izquierdo-Garcia
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michela Locci
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - David Putrino
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard H Scheuermann
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gene S Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lael M Yonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Proal AD, VanElzakker MB, Aleman S, Bach K, Boribong BP, Buggert M, Cherry S, Chertow DS, Davies HE, Dupont CL, Deeks SG, Eimer W, Ely EW, Fasano A, Freire M, Geng LN, Griffin DE, Henrich TJ, Iwasaki A, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Locci M, Mehandru S, Painter MM, Peluso MJ, Pretorius E, Price DA, Putrino D, Scheuermann RH, Tan GS, Tanzi RE, VanBrocklin HF, Yonker LM, Wherry EJ. SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1616-1627. [PMID: 37667052 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people are suffering from Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Several biological factors have emerged as potential drivers of PASC pathology. Some individuals with PASC may not fully clear the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 after acute infection. Instead, replicating virus and/or viral RNA-potentially capable of being translated to produce viral proteins-persist in tissue as a 'reservoir'. This reservoir could modulate host immune responses or release viral proteins into the circulation. Here we review studies that have identified SARS-CoV-2 RNA/protein or immune responses indicative of a SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in PASC samples. Mechanisms by which a SARS-CoV-2 reservoir may contribute to PASC pathology, including coagulation, microbiome and neuroimmune abnormalities, are delineated. We identify research priorities to guide the further study of a SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in PASC, with the goal that clinical trials of antivirals or other therapeutics with potential to clear a SARS-CoV-2 reservoir are accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Proal
- PolyBio Research Foundation, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Michael B VanElzakker
- PolyBio Research Foundation, Medford, MA, USA
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soo Aleman
- Dept of Infectious Diseases and Unit of Post-Covid Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katie Bach
- PolyBio Research Foundation, Medford, MA, USA
- Nonresident Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brittany P Boribong
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, UPENN, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helen E Davies
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Steven G Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Eimer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Wesley Ely
- The Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, Survivorship (CIBS) Center at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Veteran's Affairs Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Freire
- J. Craig Venter Institute Department of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda N Geng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - David Izquierdo-Garcia
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michela Locci
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - David Putrino
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard H Scheuermann
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gene S Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lael M Yonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Peluso MJ, Ryder D, Flavell R, Wang Y, Levi J, LaFranchi BH, Deveau TM, Buck AM, Munter SE, Asare KA, Aslam M, Koch W, Szabo G, Hoh R, Deswal M, Rodriguez A, Buitrago M, Tai V, Shrestha U, Lu S, Goldberg SA, Dalhuisen T, Durstenfeld MS, Hsue PY, Kelly JD, Kumar N, Martin JN, Gambir A, Somsouk M, Seo Y, Deeks SG, Laszik ZG, VanBrocklin HF, Henrich TJ. Multimodal Molecular Imaging Reveals Tissue-Based T Cell Activation and Viral RNA Persistence for Up to 2 Years Following COVID-19. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.27.23293177. [PMID: 37577714 PMCID: PMC10418298 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.23293177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The etiologic mechanisms of post-acute medical morbidities and unexplained symptoms (Long COVID) following SARS-CoV-2 infection are incompletely understood. There is growing evidence that viral persistence and immune dysregulation may play a major role. We performed whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in a cohort of 24 participants at time points ranging from 27 to 910 days following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection using a novel radiopharmaceutical agent, [18F]F-AraG, a highly selective tracer that allows for anatomical quantitation of activated T lymphocytes. Tracer uptake in the post-acute COVID group, which included those with and without Long COVID symptoms, was significantly higher compared to pre-pandemic controls in many anatomical regions, including the brain stem, spinal cord, bone marrow, nasopharyngeal and hilar lymphoid tissue, cardiopulmonary tissues, and gut wall. Although T cell activation tended to be higher in participants imaged closer to the time of the acute illness, tracer uptake was increased in participants imaged up to 2.5 years following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We observed that T cell activation in spinal cord and gut wall was associated with the presence of Long COVID symptoms. In addition, tracer uptake in lung tissue was higher in those with persistent pulmonary symptoms. Notably, increased T cell activation in these tissues was also observed in many individuals without Long COVID. Given the high [18F]F-AraG uptake detected in the gut, we obtained colorectal tissue for in situ hybridization SARS-CoV-2 RNA and immunohistochemical studies in a subset of participants with Long COVID symptoms. We identified cellular SARS-CoV-2 RNA in rectosigmoid lamina propria tissue in all these participants, ranging from 158 to 676 days following initial COVID-19 illness, suggesting that tissue viral persistence could be associated with long-term immunological perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Dylan Ryder
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Robert Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco
| | - Yingbing Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Brian H. LaFranchi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Tyler-Marie Deveau
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Amanda M. Buck
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Sadie E. Munter
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Kofi A. Asare
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Maya Aslam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco
| | - Wally Koch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco
| | - Gyula Szabo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Monika Deswal
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Antonio Rodriguez
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Melissa Buitrago
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Viva Tai
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Uttam Shrestha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco
| | - Scott Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Sarah A. Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Thomas Dalhuisen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | | | | | - J. Daniel Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Nitasha Kumar
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco
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9
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Bobba KN, Bidkar AP, Meher N, Fong C, Wadhwa A, Dhrona S, Sorlin A, Bidlingmaier S, Shuere B, He J, Wilson DM, Liu B, Seo Y, VanBrocklin HF, Flavell RR. Evaluation of 134Ce/ 134La as a PET Imaging Theranostic Pair for 225Ac α-Radiotherapeutics. J Nucl Med 2023:jnumed.122.265355. [PMID: 37201957 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
225Ac-targeted α-radiotherapy is a promising approach to treating malignancies, including prostate cancer. However, α-emitting isotopes are difficult to image because of low administered activities and a low fraction of suitable γ-emissions. The in vivo generator 134Ce/134La has been proposed as a potential PET imaging surrogate for the therapeutic nuclides 225Ac and 227Th. In this report, we detail efficient radiolabeling methods using the 225Ac-chelators DOTA and MACROPA. These methods were applied to radiolabeling of prostate cancer imaging agents, including PSMA-617 and MACROPA-PEG4-YS5, for evaluation of their in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics and comparison to the corresponding 225Ac analogs. Methods: Radiolabeling was performed by mixing DOTA/MACROPA chelates with 134Ce/134La in NH4OAc, pH 8.0, at room temperature, and radiochemical yields were monitored by radio-thin-layer chromatography. In vivo biodistributions of 134Ce-DOTA/MACROPA.NH2 complexes were assayed through dynamic small-animal PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies over 1 h in healthy C57BL/6 mice, compared with free 134CeCl3 In vivo, preclinical imaging of 134Ce-PSMA-617 and 134Ce-MACROPA-PEG4-YS5 was performed on 22Rv1 tumor-bearing male nu/nu-mice. Ex vivo biodistribution was performed for 134Ce/225Ac-MACROPA-PEG4-YS5 conjugates. Results: 134Ce-MACROPA.NH2 demonstrated near-quantitative labeling with 1:1 ligand-to-metal ratios at room temperature, whereas a 10:1 ligand-to-metal ratio and elevated temperatures were required for DOTA. Rapid urinary excretion and low liver and bone uptake were seen for 134Ce/225Ac-DOTA/MACROPA. NH2 conjugates in comparison to free 134CeCl3 confirmed high in vivo stability. An interesting observation during the radiolabeling of tumor-targeting vectors PSMA-617 and MACROPA-PEG4-YS5-that the daughter 134La was expelled from the chelate after the decay of parent 134Ce-was confirmed through radio-thin-layer chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Both conjugates, 134Ce-PSMA-617 and 134Ce-MACROPA-PEG4-YS5, displayed tumor uptake in 22Rv1 tumor-bearing mice. The ex vivo biodistribution of 134Ce-MACROPA.NH2, 134Ce-DOTA and 134Ce-MACROPA-PEG4-YS5 corroborated well with the respective 225Ac-conjugates. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the PET imaging potential for 134Ce/134La-labeled small-molecule and antibody agents. The similar 225Ac and 134Ce/134La-chemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics suggest that the 134Ce/134La pair may act as a PET imaging surrogate for 225Ac-based radioligand therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anil P Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cyril Fong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alex Sorlin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Becka Shuere
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California; and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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10
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Kim SJW, Lupo JM, Chen Y, Pampaloni MH, VanBrocklin HF, Narvid J, Kim H, Seo Y. A feasibility study for quantitative assessment of cerebrovascular malformations using flutriciclamide ([18F]GE-180) PET/MRI. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1091463. [PMID: 37089589 PMCID: PMC10116613 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1091463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AimNeuroinflammation plays a key role in both the pathogenesis and the progression of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). Flutriciclamide ([18F]GE-180) is a translocator protein (TSPO) targeting positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, developed for imaging neuroinflammation. The objectives of this study were to describe characteristics of flutriciclamide uptake in different brain tissue regions in CCM patients compared to controls, and to evaluate flutriciclamide uptake and iron deposition within CCM lesions.Materials and methodsFive patients with CCM and six controls underwent a 60 or 90 min continuous PET/MRI scan following 315 ± 68.9 MBq flutriciclamide administration. Standardized uptake value (SUV) and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) were obtained using the striatum as a pseudo-reference. Quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) were used to define the location of the vascular malformation and calculate the amount of iron deposition in each lesion.ResultsIncreased flutriciclamide uptake was observed in all CCM lesions. The temporal pole demonstrated the highest radiotracer uptake; the paracentral lobule, cuneus and hippocampus exhibited moderate uptake; while the striatum had the lowest uptake, with average SUVs of 0.66, 0.55, 0.63, 0.55, and 0.33 for patient with CCM and 0.57, 0.50, 0.48, 0.42, and 0.32 for controls, respectively. Regional SUVr showed similar trends. The average SUV and QSM values in CCM lesions were 0.58 ± 0.23 g/ml and 0.30 ± 0.10 ppm. SUVs and QSM were positively correlated in CCM lesions (r = 0.53, p = 0.03).ConclusionThe distribution of flutriciclamide ([18F]GE-180) in the human brain and CCM lesions demonstrated the potential of this TSPO PET tracer as a marker of neuroinflammation that may be relevant for characterizing CCM disease progression along with QSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Ji Who Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sally Ji Who Kim,
| | - Janine M. Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yicheng Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Miguel H. Pampaloni
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jared Narvid
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Helen Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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11
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Bidkar AP, Wang S, Bobba KN, Chan E, Bidlingmaier S, Egusa EA, Peter R, Ali U, Meher N, Wadhwa A, Dhrona S, Dasari C, Beckford-Vera D, Su Y, Tang R, Zhang L, He J, Wilson DM, Aggarwal R, VanBrocklin HF, Seo Y, Chou J, Liu B, Flavell RR. Treatment of prostate cancer with CD46 targeted 225Ac alpha particle radioimmunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1916-1928. [PMID: 36917693 PMCID: PMC10183825 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiopharmaceutical therapy is changing the standard of care in prostate cancer (PCa) and other malignancies. We previously reported high CD46 expression in PCa and developed an antibody-drug conjugate and immunoPET agent based on the YS5 antibody, which targets a tumor-selective CD46 epitope. Here, we present the preparation, preclinical efficacy, and toxicity evaluation of [225Ac]DOTA-YS5, a radioimmunotherapy agent based on the YS5 antibody. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 was developed, and its therapeutic efficiency was tested on cell derived (22Rv1, DU145), and patient derived (LTL-545, LTL484) PCa xenograft models. Biodistribution studies were carried out on 22Rv1 tumor xenograft models to confirm the targeting efficacy. Toxicity analysis of the [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 was carried out on nu/nu mice to study short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) toxicity. RESULTS Biodistribution study shows that [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 agent delivers high levels of radiation to the tumor tissue (11.64±1.37 %ID/g, 28.58±10.88 %ID/g, 29.35±7.76%ID/g, and 31.78±5.89 %ID/g at 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, and 408 h, respectively), compared to the healthy organs. [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 suppressed tumor size and prolonged survival in cell line and patient derived xenograft models. Toxicity analysis revealed that the 0.5 µCi activity levels showed toxicity to the kidneys, likely due to redistribution of daughter isotope 213Bi. CONCLUSIONS [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 suppressed the growth of cell-derived and patient-derived xenografts, including PSMA-positive and deficient models. Overall, this preclinical study confirms that [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 is a highly effective treatment and suggests feasibility for clinical translation of CD46 targeted radioligand therapy in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil P Bidkar
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sinan Wang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, China
| | | | - Emily Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Franciso, United States
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, United States
| | - Emily A Egusa
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robin Peter
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, United States
| | - Umama Ali
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Niranjan Meher
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Yang Su
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Tang
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Franciso, United States
| | - Jiang He
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Youngho Seo
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Chou
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert R Flavell
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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12
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Meher N, VanBrocklin HF, Wilson DM, Flavell RR. PSMA-Targeted Nanotheranostics for Imaging and Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:315. [PMID: 37259457 PMCID: PMC9964110 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted nanotheranostic systems offer significant benefits due to the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functionality, promoting personalized medicine. In recent years, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has emerged as an ideal theranostic target, fueling multiple new drug approvals and changing the standard of care in prostate cancer (PCa). PSMA-targeted nanosystems such as self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs), liposomal structures, water-soluble polymers, dendrimers, and other macromolecules are under development for PCa theranostics due to their multifunctional sensing and therapeutic capabilities. Herein, we discuss the significance and up-to-date development of "PSMA-targeted nanocarrier systems for radioligand imaging and therapy of PCa". The review also highlights critical parameters for designing nanostructured radiopharmaceuticals for PCa, including radionuclides and their chelators, PSMA-targeting ligands, and the EPR effect. Finally, prospects and potential for clinical translation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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13
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Meher N, Ashley GW, Bidkar AP, Dhrona S, Fong C, Fontaine SD, Beckford Vera DR, Wilson DM, Seo Y, Santi DV, VanBrocklin HF, Flavell RR. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeted Deep Tumor Penetration of Polymer Nanocarriers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:50569-50582. [PMID: 36318757 PMCID: PMC9673064 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumoral uptake of large-size nanoparticles is mediated by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, with variable accumulation and heterogenous tumor tissue penetration depending on the tumor phenotype. The performance of nanocarriers via specific targeting has the potential to improve imaging contrast and therapeutic efficacy in vivo with increased deep tissue penetration. To address this hypothesis, we designed and synthesized prostate cancer-targeting starPEG nanocarriers (40 kDa, 15 nm), [89Zr]PEG-(DFB)3(ACUPA)1 and [89Zr]PEG-(DFB)1(ACUPA)3, with one or three prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ACUPA ligands. The in vitro PSMA binding affinity and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the targeted nanocarriers were compared with a nontargeted starPEG, [89Zr]PEG-(DFB)4, in PSMA+ PC3-Pip and PSMA- PC3-Flu cells, and xenografts. Increasing the number of ACUPA ligands improved the in vitro binding affinity of PEG-derived polymers to PC3-Pip cells. While both PSMA-targeted nanocarriers significantly improved tissue penetration in PC3-Pip tumors, the multivalent [89Zr]PEG-(DFB)1(ACUPA)3 showed a remarkably higher PC3-Pip/blood ratio and background clearance. In contrast, the nontargeted [89Zr]PEG-(DFB)4 showed low EPR-mediated accumulation with poor tumor tissue penetration. Overall, ACUPA conjugated targeted starPEGs significantly improve tumor retention with deep tumor tissue penetration in low EPR PC3-Pip xenografts. These data suggest that PSMA targeting with multivalent ACUPA ligands may be a generally applicable strategy to increase nanocarrier delivery to prostate cancer. These targeted multivalent nanocarriers with high tumor binding and low healthy tissue retention could be employed in imaging and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Meher
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Gary W. Ashley
- ProLynx
Inc., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Anil P. Bidkar
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Cyril Fong
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | | | - Denis R. Beckford Vera
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen
Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen
Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Daniel V. Santi
- ProLynx
Inc., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen
Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen
Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
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14
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Bunning S, Ignace C, Mattmuller S, Schwarz SW, Scott PJ, VanBrocklin HF, Zigler SS. Proceedings: PET Drugs-A Workshop on Inspections Management and Regulatory Considerations. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1117-1123. [PMID: 35058318 PMCID: PMC9258562 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of new molecular imaging agents for PET have led to the approval of several new molecular entities for PET imaging by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) within the last 10 y. However, the continued use of PET drugs for diagnostic imaging procedures is reliant on a sustainable network of PET manufacturing facilities operating in accordance with the regulations for current good manufacturing practices for PET drugs (title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, part 212). With this goal in mind, a public workshop entitled "PET Drugs: A Workshop on Inspections Management and Regulatory Considerations" was held on the FDA campus in Silver Spring, MD, on February 21, 2020. The workshop was cosponsored by the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, the Medical Imaging Technology Alliance, and the World Molecular Imaging Society, in collaboration with the Coalition of PET Drug Manufacturers. The organizing committee for the workshop consisted of representatives from academic and commercial PET manufacturers as well as FDA staff members. The coauthors on this paper are all members of the workshop-organizing committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Bunning
- Medical Imaging and Technology Alliance, Arlington, Virginia
| | | | | | - Sally W. Schwarz
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter J.H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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15
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Beckford-Vera DR, Flavell RR, Seo Y, Martinez-Ortiz E, Aslam M, Thanh C, Fehrman E, Pardons M, Kumar S, Deitchman AN, Ravanfar V, Schulte B, Wu IWK, Pan T, Reeves JD, Nixon CC, Iyer NS, Torres L, Munter SE, Hyunh T, Petropoulos CJ, Hoh R, Franc BL, Gama L, Koup RA, Mascola JR, Chomont N, Deeks SG, VanBrocklin HF, Henrich TJ. First-in-human immunoPET imaging of HIV-1 infection using 89Zr-labeled VRC01 broadly neutralizing antibody. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1219. [PMID: 35264559 PMCID: PMC8907355 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle to achieving long-term antiretroviral (ART) free remission or functional cure of HIV infection is the presence of persistently infected cells that establish a long-lived viral reservoir. HIV largely resides in anatomical regions that are inaccessible to routine sampling, however, and non-invasive methods to understand the longitudinal tissue-wide burden of HIV persistence are urgently needed. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a promising strategy to identify and characterize the tissue-wide burden of HIV. Here, we assess the efficacy of using immunoPET imaging to characterize HIV reservoirs and identify anatomical foci of persistent viral transcriptional activity using a radiolabeled HIV Env-specific broadly neutralizing antibody, 89Zr-VRC01, in HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia and on suppressive ART compared to uninfected controls (NCT03729752). We also assess the relationship between PET tracer uptake in tissues and timing of ART initiation and direct HIV protein expression in CD4 T cells obtained from lymph node biopsies. We observe significant increases in 89Zr-VRC01 uptake in various tissues (including lymph nodes and gut) in HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia (N = 5) and on suppressive ART (N = 5) compared to uninfected controls (N = 5). Importantly, PET tracer uptake in inguinal lymph nodes in viremic and ART-suppressed participants significantly and positively correlates with HIV protein expression measured directly in tissue. Our strategy may allow non-invasive longitudinal characterization of residual HIV infection and lays the framework for the development of immunoPET imaging in a variety of other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis R Beckford-Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Enrique Martinez-Ortiz
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maya Aslam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Thanh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Fehrman
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marion Pardons
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shreya Kumar
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amelia N Deitchman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Vahid Ravanfar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brailee Schulte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - I-Wei Katherine Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Pan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Reeves
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C Nixon
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nikita S Iyer
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leonel Torres
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sadie E Munter
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Hyunh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christos J Petropoulos
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America, South San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Franc
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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16
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Meher N, Seo K, Wang S, Bidkar AP, Fogarty M, Dhrona S, Huang X, Tang R, Blaha C, Evans MJ, Raleigh DR, Jun YW, VanBrocklin HF, Desai TA, Wilson DM, Ozawa T, Flavell RR. Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Assessment of Carborane-Loaded Theranostic Nanoparticles to Target Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:54739-54752. [PMID: 34752058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an encouraging therapeutic modality for cancer treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell membrane protein that is abundantly overexpressed in prostate cancer and can be targeted with radioligand therapies to stimulate clinical responses in patients. In principle, a spatially targeted neutron beam together with specifically targeted PSMA ligands could enable prostate cancer-targeted BNCT. Thus, we developed and tested PSMA-targeted poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with carborane and tethered to the radiometal chelator deferoxamine B (DFB) for simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and selective delivery of boron to prostate cancer. Monomeric PLGA-b-PEGs were covalently functionalized with either DFB or the PSMA ligand ACUPA. Different nanoparticle formulations were generated by nanoemulsification of the corresponding unmodified and DFB- or ACUPA-modified monomers in varying percent fractions. The nanoparticles were efficiently labeled with 89Zr and were subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluation. The optimized DFB(25)ACUPA(75) NPs exhibited strong in vitro binding to PSMA in direct binding and competition radioligand binding assays in PSMA(+) PC3-Pip cells. [89Zr]DFB(25) NPs and [89Zr]DFB(25)ACUPA(75) NPs were injected to mice with bilateral PSMA(-) PC3-Flu and PSMA(+) PC3-Pip dual xenografts. The NPs demonstrated twofold superior accumulation in PC3-Pip tumors to that of PC3-Flu tumors with a tumor/blood ratio of 25; however, no substantial effect of the ACUPA ligands was detected. Moreover, fast release of carborane from the NPs was observed, resulting in a low boron delivery to tumors in vivo. In summary, these data demonstrate the synthesis, characterization, and initial biological assessment of PSMA-targeted, carborane-loaded PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles and establish the foundation for future efforts to enable their best use in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kyounghee Seo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Anil P Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Miko Fogarty
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Young-Wook Jun
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
| | - Tomoko Ozawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0981, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
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17
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Huang Y, Zhao N, Wang YH, Truillet C, Wei J, Parker MFL, Blecha JE, Drake CR, VanBrocklin HF, Garrido-Ruiz D, Jacobson MP, Aggarwal R, Behr SC, Flavell RR, Wilson DM, Seo Y, Evans MJ. The Synthesis and Structural Requirements for Measuring Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression In Vivo with (±)- 11C-YJH08 PET. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:723-731. [PMID: 32887758 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive methods to study glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling are urgently needed to elaborate the complexity of GR signaling in normal physiology and human disorders, as well as to identify selective GR modulators to treat diseases. Here, we report evidence supporting translational studies with (±)-11C-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-10-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-chromeno[3,4-f]-quinoline ((±)-11C-YJH08), a radioligand for PET that engages the ligand binding domain on GR. Methods: (±)-11C-YJH08 was synthesized by reacting the phenol precursor with 11C-methyl iodide. The biodistribution was studied in vivo. Specific binding was tested in vivo with adrenalectomy and ligand competition. A library of analogs was synthesized and studied in vitro and in vivo to understand the (±)-11C-YJH08 structure-activity relationship. Rodent dosimetry studies were performed to estimate the human-equivalent doses of (±)-11C-YJH08. Results: (±)-11C-YJH08 was synthesized by reaction of the phenolic precursor with 11C-methyl iodide, giving a radiochemical yield of 51.7% ± 4.7% (decay-corrected to starting 11C-methyl iodide). Specific binding was observed in many tissues, including the brain. An analysis of the (±)-YJH08 structure-activity relationship showed that (R)- and (S)-enantiomers are equally avid for GR by occupying discrete binding modes. A focused chemical screen revealed that the aryl fluoride motif on YJH08 is essential for high-affinity GR binding in vitro, high tissue uptake in vivo, and efficient passage across the blood-brain barrier. Lastly, we performed dosimetry studies on rodents, from which we estimated the human-equivalent doses of (±)-11C-YJH08 to be commensurate with the widely used 11C and 18F tracers. Conclusion: These studies reveal the molecular determinants of a high-affinity and high-selectivity ligand-receptor interaction and support the use of (±)-11C-YJH08 PET to make the first measurements of GR expression in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Charles Truillet
- Imagerie Moleculaire in Vivo, INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Universite Paris Saclay, CEA-Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew F L Parker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Diego Garrido-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Spencer C Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
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18
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Beckford-Vera DR, Gonzalez-Junca A, Janneck JS, Huynh TL, Blecha JE, Seo Y, Li X, VanBrocklin HF, Franc BL. PET/CT Imaging of Human TNFα Using [ 89Zr]Certolizumab Pegol in a Transgenic Preclinical Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:105-114. [PMID: 31065895 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) drives inflammation and bone degradation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some RA patients experience a rapid clinical response to TNFα inhibitors such as certolizumab pegol (CZP) while other patients show limited to no response. Current methods for imaging RA have limited sensitivity and do not assist in the selection of patients most likely to respond to immune-mediated therapy. Herein, we developed a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for immuno-PET imaging of TNFα in transgenic human TNFα-expressing mice. PROCEDURES CZP was modified with p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-deferoxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with Zr-89. The biological activity of [89Zr]DFO-CZP was evaluated by HPLC and binding assay using human recombinant TNFα (hTNFα). The feasibility of specific immuno-PET imaging of human TNFα was assessed in a transgenic mouse model of RA that expresses human TNFα. This model resembles the progression of RA in humans by maintaining lower levels of circulating hTNFα and exhibits chronic arthritis in the forepaw and hind paw joints. The dosimetry of [89Zr]DFO-CZP in humans was estimated using microPET/CT imaging in Sprague Dawley rats. RESULTS [89Zr]DFO-CZP was isolated with radiolabeling yields of 85 ± 6 % (n = 5) and specific activities ranging from 74 to 185 MBq/mg (n = 5). Following size exclusion purification, the radiochemical purity of [89Zr]DFO-CZP was greater than 97 %. [89Zr]DFO-CZP retained high immunoreactivity with more than 95 % of the radioactivity shifted into higher molecular weight complexes. Images showed increasing uptake of the tracer in forepaw and hind paw joints with disease progression. No uptake was observed in the model previously administered with an excess amount of unmodified CZP and in normal control mice, demonstrating in vivo specific uptake of [89Zr]DFO-CZP. CONCLUSION The feasibility of immuno-PET imaging of human TNFα with [89Zr]DFO-CZP has been demonstrated in a preclinical model of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis R Beckford-Vera
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Junca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St., San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Jessica S Janneck
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Benjamin L Franc
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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19
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Aime S, Amirshaghaghi A, Angel PM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Atreya R, Awe S, Badea CT, Beekman FJ, Biade S, Borden MA, Brunsing RL, Chandrasekharan P, Chang JB, Chen F, Chen JW, Chen X, Cheng Z, Cheng Z, Cherin E, Clinthorne NH, Cohen J, Colson C, Conolly S, Contag CH, Cutler CS, Dayton PA, Devoogdt N, Dina O, Drake RR, Dubsky S, Ducongé F, Fellows BD, Foster FS, Francis KP, Fung BK, Gambhir SS, Gao R, Giovenzana GB, Goodwill P, Goorden MC, Gorpas D, Grimm J, Groll AN, Hargus S, Harmsen S, He S, Hensley D, Hutton BF, Huynh Q, Iagaru A, Josephson L, Jurisson SS, Keselman P, Kircher MF, Kokate T, Konkle J, Korsen JA, Krasniqi A, Laniyonu A, Levin CS, Lewis MR, Lewis JS, Liu G, Liu Y, Looger LL, Lu K, Lu Y, Lucignani G, Lyons SK, Maina T, Martelli C, Matheson AM, Mempel TR, Meng LJ, Moradi F, Nagle VL, Neurath MF, Nicolson F, Nie L, Ntziachristos V, Orendorff R, Ottobrini L, Ouyang Y, Paez Segala MG, Parraga G, Perez-Liva M, Pratt EC, Rao J, Rath T, Rodriguez E, Rosenthal EL, Ross BD, Saayujya C, Saritas EU, Scott DA, Sheth VR, Slagle C, Tamura R, Tavitian B, Tay ZW, Terreno E, Thakur M, Thompson C, Tian J, Travagin F, Tsourkas A, Tully KM, Usmani SM, VanBrocklin HF, van Keulen S, van Zijl PC, Walmer RW, Wang C, Wang J, Wang LV, Xavier C, Yao J, Yu EY, Zheng X, Zheng B, Zhou XY. Contributors. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.01002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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20
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Hayes TR, Chao CK, Blecha JE, Huynh TL, Zinn KR, Thompson CM, Gerdes JM, VanBrocklin HF. Biological Distribution and Metabolic Profiles of Carbon-11 and Fluorine-18 Tracers of VX- and Sarin-Analogs in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:63-69. [PMID: 33373198 PMCID: PMC7818893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus esters (OPs) were originally developed as pesticides but were repurposed as easily manufactured, inexpensive, and highly toxic chemical warfare agents. Acute OP toxicity is primarily due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme in the central and peripheral nervous system. OP inhibition of AChE can be reversed using oxime reactivators but many show poor CNS penetration, indicating a need for new clinically viable reactivators. However, challenges exist on how to best measure restored AChE activity in vivo and assess the reactivating agent efficacy. This work reports the development of molecular imaging tools using radiolabeled OP analog tracers that are less toxic to handle in the laboratory, yet inhibit AChE in a similar fashion to the actual OPs. Carbon-11 and fluorine-18 radiolabeled analog tracers of VX and sarin OP agents were prepared. Following intravenous injection in normal Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3-4/tracer), the tracers were evaluated and compared using noninvasive microPET/CT imaging, biodistribution assay, and arterial blood analyses. All showed rapid uptake and stable retention in brain, heart, liver, and kidney tissues determined by imaging and biodistribution. Lung uptake of the sarin analog tracers was elevated, 2-fold and 4-fold higher uptake at 5 and 30 min, respectively, compared to that for the VX analog tracers. All tracers rapidly bound to red blood cells (RBC) and blood proteins as measured in the biodistribution and arterial blood samples. Analysis of the plasma soluble activity (nonprotein/cell bound activity) showed only 1-6% parent tracer and 88-95% of the activity in the combined solid fractions (RBC and protein bound) as early as 0.5 min post injection. Multivariate analysis of tracer production yield, molar activity, brain uptake, brain area under the curve over 0-15 min, and the amount of parent tracer in the plasma at 5 min revealed the [18F]VX analog tracer had the most favorable values for each metric. This tracer was considered the more optimal tracer relative to the other tracers studied and suitable for future in vivo OP exposure and reactivation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Hayes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Chih-Kai Chao
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Charles M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - John M Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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21
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Abstract
Total-body PET enables high-sensitivity imaging with dramatically improved signal-to-noise ratio. These enhanced performance characteristics allow for decreased PET scanning times acquiring data "total-body wide" and can be leveraged to decrease the amount of radiotracer required, thereby permitting more frequent imaging or longer imaging periods during radiotracer decay. Novel approaches to PET imaging of infectious diseases are emerging, including those that directly visualize pathogens in vivo and characterize concomitant immune responses and inflammation. Efforts to develop these imaging approaches are hampered by challenges of traditional imaging platforms, which may be overcome by novel total-body PET strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 3, Room 525A, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
| | - Terry Jones
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Denis Beckford-Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Wei J, Wang YH, Lee CY, Truillet C, Oh DY, Xu Y, Ruggero D, Flavell RR, VanBrocklin HF, Seo Y, Craik CS, Fong L, Wang CI, Evans MJ. An Analysis of Isoclonal Antibody Formats Suggests a Role for Measuring PD-L1 with Low Molecular Weight PET Radiotracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1553-1561. [PMID: 32813112 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The swell of new and diverse radiotracers to predict or monitor tumor response to cancer immunotherapies invites the opportunity for comparative studies to identify optimal platforms. To probe the significance of antibody format on image quality for PD-L1 imaging, we developed and studied the biodistribution of a library of antibodies based on the anti-PD-L1 IgG1 clone C4. PROCEDURE A C4 minibody and scFv were cloned, expressed, and characterized. The antibodies were functionalized with desferrioxamine and radiolabeled with Zr-89 to enable a rigorous comparison with prior data collected using 89Zr-labeled C4 IgG1. The biodistribution of the radiotracers was evaluated in C57Bl6/J or nu/nu mice bearing B16F10 or H1975 tumors, respectively, which are models that represent high and low tumor autonomous PD-L1 expression. RESULTS The tumor uptake of the 89Zr-C4 minibody was higher than 89Zr-C4 scFv and equivalent to previous data collected using 89Zr-C4 IgG1. However, the peak tumors to normal tissue ratios were generally higher for 89Zr-C4 scFv compared with 89Zr-C4 minibody and 89Zr-IgG1. Moreover, an exploratory study showed that the rapid clearance of 89Zr-C4 scFv enabled detection of endogenous PD-L1 on a genetically engineered and orthotopic model of hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION In summary, these data support the use of low molecular weight constructs for PD-L1 imaging, especially for tumor types that manifest in abdominal organs that are obstructed by the clearance of high molecular weight radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnian Wei
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Chia Yin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove Immunos #03-06, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Charles Truillet
- Imagerie Moleculaire In Vivo, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Universite Paris Saclay, CEA-Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, 94100, Orsay, France
| | - David Y Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yichen Xu
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Charles S Craik
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove Immunos #03-06, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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23
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Huang Y, Zhao N, Wang YH, Truillet C, Wei J, Blecha JE, VanBrocklin HF, Seo Y, Sayeed M, Feldman BJ, Aggarwal R, Behr SC, Shao H, Wilson DM, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Gestwicki JE, Evans MJ. A Novel Radioligand Reveals Tissue Specific Pharmacological Modulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression with Positron Emission Tomography. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1381-1391. [PMID: 32255605 PMCID: PMC8031368 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
complexity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling cannot
be measured with direct tissue analysis in living subjects, which
has stifled our understanding of GR’s role in human physiology
or disease and impeded the development of selective GR modulators.
Herein, we report 18F-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-10-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-chromeno[3,4-f]quinoline (18F-YJH08), a radioligand that enables
noninvasive measurements of tissue autonomous GR expression levels in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET). YJH08 potently
binds GR (Ki ∼ 0.4 nM) with ∼100-fold
selectivity compared to nuclear hormone receptors in the same subfamily. 18F-YJH08 was prepared via Cu(OTf)2(py)4-mediated radiofluorination of an arylboronic acid
pinacol ester with ∼12% decay corrected radiochemical yield
from the starting 18F-fluoride ion. We applied treatment
with the tissue-wide GR agonist dexamethasone and adrenalectomy and
generated an adipocyte specific GR knockout mouse to show that 18F-YJH08 specifically binds GR in normal mouse tissues, including
those for which aberrant GR expression is thought to drive severe
diseases (e.g., brain, adipose tissue, kidneys). Remarkably, 18F-YJH08 PET also revealed that JG231, a potent and bioavailable
HSP70 inhibitor, selectively degrades GR only in the adipose tissue
of mice, a finding that foreshadows how GR targeted PET might be integrated
into drug discovery to screen for selective GR modulation at the tissue
level, beyond the historical screening that was performed at the transcriptional
level. In summary, 18F-YJH08 enables a quantitative assessment
of GR expression levels in real time among multiple tissues simultaneously,
and this technology is a first step toward unraveling the daunting
complexity of GR signaling and rationally engineering tissue specific
therapeutic modulators in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Yung-hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles Truillet
- Imagerie Moleculaire in Vivo, INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Universite Paris Saclay, CEA-Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Orsay 94100, France
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joseph E. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Mohd Sayeed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Brian J. Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Spencer C. Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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24
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Hayes TR, Blecha JE, Chao CK, Huynh TL, VanBrocklin HF, Zinn KR, Taylor PW, Gerdes JM, Thompson CM. Positron emission tomography evaluation of oxime countermeasures in live rats using the tracer O-(2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)-O-(p-nitrophenyl)methylphosphonate [ 18 F]-VXS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1479:180-195. [PMID: 32436233 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxime antidotes regenerate organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Although they share a common mechanism of AChE reactivation, the rate and amount of oxime that enters the brain are critical to the efficacy, a process linked to the oxime structure and charge. Using a platform based on the organophosphate [18 F]-VXS as a positron emission tomography tracer for active AChE, the in vivo distribution of [18 F]-VXS was evaluated after an LD50 dose (250 μg/kg) of the organophosphate paraoxon (POX) and following oximes as antidotes. Rats given [18 F]-VXS tracer alone had significantly higher radioactivity (two- to threefold) in the heart and lung than rats given LD50 POX at 20 or 60 min prior to [18 F]-VXS. When rats were given LD50 POX followed by 2-PAM (cationic), RS194b (ionizable), or monoisonitrosoacetone (MINA) (neutral), central nervous system (CNS) radioactivity returned to levels at or above untreated naive rats (no POX), whereas CNS radioactivity did not increase in rats given the dication oximes HI-6 or MMB-4. MINA showed a significant, pairwise increase in CNS brain radioactivity compared with POX-treated rats. This new in vivo dynamic platform using [18 F]-VXS tracer measures and quantifies peripheral and CNS relative changes in AChE availability after POX exposure and is suitable for comparing oxime delivery and AChE reactivation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Hayes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Chih-Kai Chao
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Departments of Radiology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Palmer W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John M Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Charles M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
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25
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Aboian MS, Huang SY, Hernandez-Pampaloni M, Hawkins RA, VanBrocklin HF, Huh Y, Vo KT, Gustafson WC, Matthay KK, Seo Y. 124I-MIBG PET/CT to Monitor Metastatic Disease in Children with Relapsed Neuroblastoma. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:43-47. [PMID: 32414950 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan is one of the most sensitive noninvasive lesion detection modalities for neuroblastoma. Unlike 123I-MIBG, 124I-MIBG allows high-resolution PET. We evaluated 124I-MIBG PET/CT for its diagnostic performance as directly compared with paired 123I-MIBG scans. Methods: Before 131I-MIBG therapy, standard 123I-MIBG imaging (5.2 MBq/kg) was performed on 7 patients, including whole-body (anterior-posterior) planar imaging, focused-field-of-view SPECT/CT, and whole-body 124I-MIBG PET/CT (1.05 MBq/kg). After therapy, 2 of 7 patients also completed 124I-MIBG PET/CT as well as paired 123I-MIBG planar imaging and SPECT/CT. One patient underwent 124I-MIBG PET/CT only after therapy. We evaluated all 8 patients who showed at least 1 123I-MIBG-positive lesion with a total of 10 scans. In 8 pairs, 123I-MIBG and 124I-MIBG were performed within 1 mo of each other. The locations of identified lesions, the number of total lesions, and the curie scores were recorded for the 123I-MIBG and 124I-MIBG scans. Finally, for 5 patients who completed at least 3 PET/CT scans after administration of 124I-MIBG, we estimated the effective dose of 124I-MIBG. Results: 123I-MIBG whole-body planar scans, focused-field-of-view SPECT/CT scans, and whole-body 124I-MIBG PET scans found 25, 32, and 87 total lesions, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in lesion detection for 124I-MIBG PET/CT versus 123I-MIBG planar imaging (P < 0.0001) and 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT (P < 0.0001). The curie scores were also higher for 124I-MIBG PET/CT than for 123I-MIBG planar imaging and SPECT/CT in 6 of 10 patients. 124I-MIBG PET/CT demonstrated better detection of lesions throughout the body, including the chest, spine, head and neck, and extremities. The effective dose estimated for patient-specific 124I-MIBG was approximately 10 times that of 123I-MIBG; however, given that we administered a very low activity of 124I-MIBG (1.05 MBq/kg), the effective dose was only approximately twice that of 123I-MIBG despite the large difference in half-lives (100 vs. 13.2 h). Conclusion: The first-in-humans use of low-dose 124I-MIBG PET for monitoring disease burden demonstrated tumor detection capability superior to that of 123I-MIBG planar imaging and SPECT/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam S Aboian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shih-Ying Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Miguel Hernandez-Pampaloni
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Randall A Hawkins
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yoonsuk Huh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kieuhoa T Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - W Clay Gustafson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Katherine K Matthay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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26
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Kalita M, Parker MFL, Luu JM, Stewart MN, Blecha JE, VanBrocklin HF, Evans MJ, Flavell RR, Rosenberg OS, Ohliger MA, Wilson DM. Arabinofuranose-derived positron-emission tomography radiotracers for detection of pathogenic microorganisms. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:231-239. [PMID: 32222086 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Detection of bacteria-specific metabolism via positron emission tomography (PET) is an emerging strategy to image human pathogens, with dramatic implications for clinical practice. In silico and in vitro screening tools have recently been applied to this problem, with several monosaccharides including l-arabinose showing rapid accumulation in Escherichia coli and other organisms. Our goal for this study was to evaluate several synthetically viable arabinofuranose-derived 18 F analogs for their incorporation into pathogenic bacteria. PROCEDURES We synthesized four radiolabeled arabinofuranose-derived sugars: 2-deoxy-2-[18 F]fluoro-arabinofuranoses (d-2-18 F-AF and l-2-18 F-AF) and 5-deoxy-5-[18 F]fluoro-arabinofuranoses (d-5-18 F-AF and l-5-18 F-AF). The arabinofuranoses were synthesized from 18 F- via triflated, peracetylated precursors analogous to the most common radiosynthesis of 2-deoxy-2-[18 F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18 F]FDG). These radiotracers were screened for their uptake into E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently, the sensitivity of d-2-18 F-AF and l-2-18 F-AF to key human pathogens was investigated in vitro. RESULTS All 18 F radiotracer targets were synthesized in high radiochemical purity. In the screening study, d-2-18 F-AF and l-2-18 F-AF showed greater accumulation in E. coli than in S. aureus. When evaluated in a panel of pathologic microorganisms, both d-2-18 F-AF and l-2-18 F-AF demonstrated sensitivity to most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Arabinofuranose-derived 18 F PET radiotracers can be synthesized with high radiochemical purity. Our study showed absence of bacterial accumulation for 5-substitued analogs, a finding that may have mechanistic implications for related tracers. Both d-2-18 F-AF and l-2-18 F-AF showed sensitivity to most gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Future in vivo studies will evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these radiotracers in animal models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausam Kalita
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew F L Parker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Justin M Luu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Megan N Stewart
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Oren S Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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27
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Stewart MN, Parker MFL, Jivan S, Luu JM, Huynh TL, Schulte B, Seo Y, Blecha JE, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Flavell RR, VanBrocklin HF, Ohliger MA, Rosenberg O, Wilson DM. High Enantiomeric Excess In-Loop Synthesis of d-[methyl- 11C]Methionine for Use as a Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracer in Bacterial Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:43-49. [PMID: 31697062 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there exists no accurate, noninvasive clinical imaging method to detect living bacteria in vivo. Our goal is to provide a positron emission tomography (PET) method to image infection by targeting bacteria-specific metabolism. Standard of care methodologies detect morphologic changes, image immunologic response to infection, or employ invasive tissue sampling with associated patient morbidity. These strategies, however, are not specific for living bacteria and are often inadequate to detect bacterial infection during fever workup. As such, there is an unmet clinical need to identify and validate new imaging tools suitable for noninvasive, in vivo (PET) imaging of living bacteria. We have shown that d-[methyl-11C]methionine (d-[11C]Met) can distinguish active bacterial infection from sterile inflammation in a murine infection model and is sensitive to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we report an automated and >99% enantiomeric excess (ee) synthesis of d-[11C]Met from a linear d-homocysteine precursor, a significant improvement over the previously reported synthesis utilizing a d-homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride precursor with approximately 75-85% ee. Furthermore, we took additional steps toward applying d-[11C]Met to infected patients. d-[11C]Met was subject to a panel of clinically relevant bacterial strains and demonstrated promising sensitivity to these pathogens. Finally, we performed radiation dosimetry in a normal murine cohort to set the stage for translation to humans in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N. Stewart
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Matthew F. L. Parker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Salma Jivan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Justin M. Luu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Tony L. Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Brailee Schulte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Joseph E. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Oren Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California 94158, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
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28
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Beckford Vera DR, Fontaine SD, VanBrocklin HF, Hearn BR, Reid R, Ashley GW, Santi DV. PET Imaging of the EPR Effect in Tumor Xenografts Using Small 15 nm Diameter Polyethylene Glycols Labeled with Zirconium-89. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:673-679. [PMID: 31744896 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal was to develop and characterize a companion diagnostic for the releasable PEG40kDa∼SN-38 oncology drug, PLX038, that would identify tumors susceptible to high accumulation of PLX038. PEG conjugates of the zirconium ligand desferroxamine B (DFB) of similar size and charge to PLX038 were prepared that contained one or four DFB, as well as one that contained three SN-38 moieties and one DFB. Uptake and associated kinetic parameters of the 89Zr-labeled nanocarriers were determined in tumor and normal tissues in mice using μPET/CT imaging. The data were fit to physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to simulate the mass-time profiles of distribution of conjugates in the tissues of interest. The time-activity curves for normal tissues showed high levels at the earliest time of measurement due to vascularization, followed by a monophasic loss. In tumors, levels were initially lower than in normal tissues but increased to 9% to 14% of injected dose over several days. The efflux half-life in tumors was very long, approximately 400 hours, and tumor levels remained at about 10% injected dose 9 days after injection. Compared with diagnostic liposomes, the PEG nanocarriers have a longer serum half-life, are retained in tumors at higher levels, remain there longer, and afford higher tumor exposure. The small PEG40kDa nanocarriers studied here show properties for passive targeting of tumors that are superior than most nanoparticles and might be effective probes to identify tumors susceptible to similar size therapeutic nanocarriers such as PLX038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis R Beckford Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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29
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Wang S, Blaha C, Santos R, Huynh T, Hayes TR, Beckford-Vera DR, Blecha JE, Hong AS, Fogarty M, Hope TA, Raleigh DR, Wilson DM, Evans MJ, VanBrocklin HF, Ozawa T, Flavell RR. Synthesis and Initial Biological Evaluation of Boron-Containing Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands for Treatment of Prostate Cancer Using Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3831-3841. [PMID: 31381351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a therapeutic modality which has been used for the treatment of cancers, including brain and head and neck tumors. For effective treatment via BNCT, efficient and selective delivery of a high boron dose to cancer cells is needed. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a target for prostate cancer imaging and drug delivery. In this study, we conjugated boronic acid or carborane functional groups to a well-established PSMA inhibitor scaffold to deliver boron to prostate cancer cells and prostate tumor xenograft models. Eight boron-containing PSMA inhibitors were synthesized. All of these compounds showed a strong binding affinity to PSMA in a competition radioligand binding assay (IC50 from 555.7 to 20.3 nM). Three selected compounds 1a, 1d, and 1f were administered to mice, and their in vivo blocking of 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake was demonstrated through a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution experiment. Biodistribution analysis demonstrated boron uptake of 4-7 μg/g in 22Rv1 prostate xenograft tumors and similar tumor/muscle ratios compared to the ratio for the most commonly used BNCT compound, 4-borono-l-phenylalanine (BPA). Taken together, these data suggest a potential role for PSMA targeted BNCT agents in prostate cancer therapy following suitable optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Charles Blaha
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Raquel Santos
- Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Tony Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Thomas R Hayes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Denis R Beckford-Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Andrew S Hong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Miko Fogarty
- Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States.,Departments of Radiation Oncology , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Tomoko Ozawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California , San Francisco , California , United States
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30
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Hayes TR, Blecha JE, Thompson CM, Gerdes JM, VanBrocklin HF. Divergent synthesis of organophosphate [ 11C]VX- and [ 11C]Sarin-surrogates from a common set of starting materials. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 151:182-186. [PMID: 31202183 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled 1-[11C]ethyl, 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (VX surrogate) and 2-[11C]-propanyl, 4-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (sarin surrogate) were developed as organophosphate (OP) tracers. The [11C]ethyl- and [11C]isopropyl-iodide radiolabeled synthons were obtained by temperature controlled, in loop reactions of [11C]CO2 with MeMgBr followed by reduction with LiAlH4, then reaction with HI. Distillation of the [11C]alkyl iodides into a solution of hydrogen (4-nitrophenyl)methylphosphonate and cesium carbonate afforded the desired tracers in >95% radiochemical purity, yields from [11C]CO2 of 1-3% and 1.7-15.1 GBq/mmol molar activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Hayes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, 185 Berry St. Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, United States
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, 185 Berry St. Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, United States
| | - Charles M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, United States
| | - John M Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, 185 Berry St. Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, United States.
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31
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Thompson CM, Gerdes JM, VanBrocklin HF. Positron emission tomography studies of organophosphate chemical threats and oxime countermeasures. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 133:104455. [PMID: 31022458 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a unique in vivo interplay involving the mechanism of inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds and the restoration of AChE activity by oxime antidotes. OP compounds form covalent adducts to this critical enzyme target and oximes are introduced to directly displace the OP from AChE. For the most part, the in vivo inactivation of AChE leading to neurotoxicity and antidote-based therapeutic reversal of this mechanism are well understood, however, these molecular-level events have not been evaluated by dynamic imaging in living systems at millimeter resolution. A deeper understanding of these critically, time-dependent mechanisms is needed to develop new countermeasures. To address this void and to help accelerate the development of new countermeasures, positron-emission tomography (PET) has been investigated as a unique opportunity to create platform technologies to directly examine the interdependent toxicokinetic/pharmacokinetic and toxicodynamic/pharmacodynamic features of OPs and oximes in real time within live animals. This review will cover two first-in-class PET tracers representing an OP and an oxime antidote, including their preparation, requisite pharmacologic investigations, mechanistic interpretations, biodistribution and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
| | - John M Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco 185 Berry St. Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
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32
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Neumann KD, Blecha JE, Hayes TR, Huynh T, Chao CK, Guilloteau N, Zinn KR, VanBrocklin HF, Thompson CM, Gerdes JM. Radiosynthesis, ex Vivo Biodistribution, and in Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Evaluations of [ 11C]2-Pyridinealdoxime Methiodide ([ 11C]2-PAM): A First-In-Class Antidote Tracer for Organophosphate Intoxication. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:3007-3014. [PMID: 30071719 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Pyridinealdoxime methiodide (2-PAM) is a widely used antidote for the treatment of organophosphorus (OP) exposure that reactivates the target protein acetylcholinesterase. Carbon-11 2-PAM was prepared to more fully understand the in vivo mode of action, distribution, and dynamic qualities of this important countermeasure. Alkylation of 2-pyridinealdoxime with [11C]CH3I provided the first-in-class [11C]2-PAM tracer in 3.5% decay corrected radiochemical yield from [11C]CH3I, >99% radiochemical purity, and 4831 Ci/mmol molar activity. [11C]2-PAM tracer distribution was evaluated by ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in naïve (OP exposure deficient) rats. Tracer alone and tracer coinjected with a body mass-scaled human therapeutic dose of 30 mg/kg nonradioactive 2-PAM demonstrated statistically similar tissue and blood distribution profiles with the greatest uptake in kidney and significantly lower levels in liver, heart, and lung with lesser amounts in blood and brain. The imaging and biodistribution data show that radioactivity uptake in brain and peripheral organs is rapid and characterized by differential tissue radioactivity washout profiles. Analysis of arterial blood samples taken 5 min after injection showed ∼82% parent [11C]2-PAM tracer. The imaging and biodistribution data are now established, enabling future comparisons to outcomes acquired in OP intoxicated rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D. Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Joseph E. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Thomas R. Hayes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Tony Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Chih-Kai Chao
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Nicolas Guilloteau
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Kurt R. Zinn
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Charles M. Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - John M. Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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33
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Behr SC, Aggarwal R, VanBrocklin HF, Flavell RR, Gao K, Small EJ, Blecha J, Jivan S, Hope TA, Simko JP, Kurhanewicz J, Noworolski SM, Korn NJ, De Los Santos R, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR, Nguyen HG, Greene KL, Langton-Webster B, Berkman CE, Seo Y. Phase I Study of CTT1057, an 18F-Labeled Imaging Agent with Phosphoramidate Core Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:910-916. [PMID: 30464040 PMCID: PMC6604687 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agents targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) comprise a rapidly emerging class of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging of prostate cancer. Unlike most other PSMA agents with a urea backbone, CTT1057 is based on a phosphoramidate scaffold that irreversibly binds to PSMA. We conducted a first-in-humans phase I study of CTT1057 in patients with localized and metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: Two patient cohorts were recruited. Cohort A patients had biopsy-proven localized prostate cancer preceding radical prostatectomy, and cohort B patients had metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cohort A patients were imaged at multiple time points after intravenous injection with 362 ± 8 MBq of CTT1057 to evaluate the kinetics of CTT1057 and estimate radiation dose profiles. Mean organ-absorbed doses and effective doses were calculated. CTT1057 uptake in the prostate gland and regional lymph nodes was correlated with pathology, PSMA staining, and the results of conventional imaging. In cohort B, patients were imaged 60-120 min after injection of CTT1057. PET images were assessed for overall image quality, and areas of abnormal uptake were contrasted with conventional imaging. Results: In cohort A (n = 5), the average total effective dose was 0.023 mSv/MBq. The kidneys exhibited the highest absorbed dose, 0.067 mGy/MBq. The absorbed dose of the salivary glands was 0.015 mGy/MBq. For cohort B (n = 15), CTT1057 PET detected 97 metastatic lesions, and 44 of 56 bone metastases detected on CTT1057 PET (78.5%) were also detectable on bone scanning. Eight of 32 lymph nodes positive on CTT1057 PET (25%) were enlarged by size criteria on CT. Conclusion: CTT1057 is a promising novel phosphoramidate PSMA-targeting 18F-labeled PET radiopharmaceutical that demonstrates similar biodistribution to urea-based PSMA-targeted agents, with lower exposure to the kidneys and salivary glands. Metastatic lesions are detected with higher sensitivity on CTT1057 imaging than on conventional imaging. Further prospective studies with CTT1057 are warranted to elucidate its role in cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eric J Small
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Salma Jivan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffry P Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Susan M Noworolski
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Natalie J Korn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Romelyn De Los Santos
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter R Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hao G Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kirsten L Greene
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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34
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Hayes TR, Thompson CM, Blecha JE, Gerdes JM, VanBrocklin HF. Radiosynthesis of O-(1-[ 18 F]fluoropropan-2-yl)-O-(4-nitrophenyl)methylphosphonate: A novel PET tracer surrogate of sarin. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:1089-1094. [PMID: 30347484 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
O-(1-Fluoropropan-2-yl)-O-(4-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate is a reactive organophosphate ester (OP) developed as a surrogate of the chemical warfare agent sarin that forms a similar covalent adduct at the active site serine of acetylcholinesterase. The radiolabeled O-(1-[18 F]fluoropropan-2-yl)-O-(4-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate ([18 F] fluorosarin surrogate) has not been previously prepared. In this paper, we report the first radiosynthesis of this tracer from the reaction of bis-(4-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate with 1-[18 F]fluoro-2-propanol in the presence of DBU. The 1-[18 F]fluoro-2-propanol was prepared by reaction of propylene sulfite with Kryptofix 2.2.2 and [18 F] fluoride ion. The desired tracer O-(1-[18 F]fluoropropan-2-yl)-O-(4-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate was obtained in a >98% radiochemical purity with a 2.4% ± 0.6% yield (n = 5, 65 minutes from start of synthesis) based on starting [18 F] fluoride ion and a molar activity of 49.9 GBq/μmol (1.349 ± 0.329 Ci/μmol, n = 3). This new facile radiosynthesis routinely affords sufficient quantities of [18 F] fluorosarin surrogate in high radiochemical purity, which will further enable the tracer development as a novel radiolabeled OP acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for assessment of OP modes of action with PET imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Hayes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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35
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Taglang C, Korenchan DE, von Morze C, Yu J, Najac C, Wang S, Blecha JE, Subramaniam S, Bok R, VanBrocklin HF, Vigneron DB, Ronen SM, Sriram R, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM, Flavell RR. Late-stage deuteration of 13C-enriched substrates for T 1 prolongation in hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5233-5236. [PMID: 29726563 PMCID: PMC6054790 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust and selective late-stage deuteration methodology was applied to 13C-enriched amino and alpha hydroxy acids to increase spin-lattice relaxation constant T1 for hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging. For the five substrates with 13C-labeling on the C1-position ([1-13C]alanine, [1-13C]serine, [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]glycine, and [1-13C]valine), significant increase of their T1 was observed at 3 T with deuterium labeling (+26%, 22%, +16%, +25% and +29%, respectively). Remarkably, in the case of [2-13C]alanine, [2-13C]serine and [2-13C]lactate, deuterium labeling led to a greater than four fold increase in T1. [1-13C,2-2H]alanine, produced using this method, was applied to in vitro enzyme assays with alanine aminotransferase, demonstrating a kinetic isotope effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Taglang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - David E. Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Joseph E. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sukumar Subramaniam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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36
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Jordan CD, Han M, Kondapavulur S, Vera DB, Neumann KD, Moore T, Stillson C, Krug R, Behr S, Seo Y, VanBrocklin HF, Larson PEZ, Wilson M, Martin AJ, Hetts SW. Quantification of 89 Zr-Iron oxide nanoparticle biodistribution using PET-MR and ultrashort TE sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:1717-1720. [PMID: 29761624 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Jordan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Misung Han
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sravani Kondapavulur
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Denis Beckford Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Teri Moore
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carol Stillson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Roland Krug
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Spencer Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alastair J Martin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven W Hetts
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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37
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Ronald JA, Kim BS, Gowrishankar G, Namavari M, Alam IS, D'Souza A, Nishikii H, Chuang HY, Ilovich O, Lin CF, Reeves R, Shuhendler A, Hoehne A, Chan CT, Baker J, Yaghoubi SS, VanBrocklin HF, Hawkins R, Franc BL, Jivan S, Slater JB, Verdin EF, Gao KT, Benjamin J, Negrin R, Gambhir SS. A PET Imaging Strategy to Visualize Activated T Cells in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease Elicited by Allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2893-2902. [PMID: 28572504 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A major barrier to successful use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a devastating condition that arises when donor T cells attack host tissues. With current technologies, aGVHD diagnosis is typically made after end-organ injury and often requires invasive tests and tissue biopsies. This affects patient prognosis as treatments are dramatically less effective at late disease stages. Here, we show that a novel PET radiotracer, 2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine ([18F]F-AraG), targeted toward two salvage kinase pathways preferentially accumulates in activated primary T cells. [18F]F-AraG PET imaging of a murine aGVHD model enabled visualization of secondary lymphoid organs harboring activated donor T cells prior to clinical symptoms. Tracer biodistribution in healthy humans showed favorable kinetics. This new PET strategy has great potential for early aGVHD diagnosis, enabling timely treatments and improved patient outcomes. [18F]F-AraG may be useful for imaging activated T cells in various biomedical applications. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2893-902. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Ronald
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Byung-Su Kim
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gayatri Gowrishankar
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mohammad Namavari
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Israt S Alam
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aloma D'Souza
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Hui-Yen Chuang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ohad Ilovich
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chih-Feng Lin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robert Reeves
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Adam Shuhendler
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aileen Hoehne
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Carmel T Chan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Randall Hawkins
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin L Franc
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Salma Jivan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily F Verdin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth T Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan Benjamin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Robert Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California. .,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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38
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Kondapavulur S, Cote AM, Neumann KD, Jordan CD, McCoy D, Mabray MC, Liu D, Sze CH, Gautam A, VanBrocklin HF, Wilson M, Hetts SW. Optimization of an endovascular magnetic filter for maximized capture of magnetic nanoparticles. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 18:109. [PMID: 27830455 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To computationally optimize the design of an endovascular magnetic filtration device that binds iron oxide nanoparticles and to validate simulations with experimental results of prototype devices in physiologic flow testing. Three-dimensional computational models of different endovascular magnetic filter devices assessed magnetic particle capture. We simulated a series of cylindrical neodymium N52 magnets and capture of 1500 iron oxide nanoparticles infused in a simulated 14 mm-diameter vessel. Device parameters varied included: magnetization orientation (across the diameter, "D", along the length, "L", of the filter), magnet outer diameter (3, 4, 5 mm), magnet length (5, 10 mm), and spacing between magnets (1, 3 mm). Top designs were tested in vitro using 89Zr-radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles and gamma counting both in continuous and multiple pass flow model. Computationally, "D" magnetized devices had greater capture than "L" magnetized devices. Increasing outer diameter of magnets increased particle capture as follows: "D" designs, 3 mm: 12.8-13.6 %, 4 mm: 16.6-17.6 %, 5 mm: 21.8-24.6 %; "L" designs, 3 mm: 5.6-10 %, 4 mm: 9.4-15.8 %, 5 mm: 14.8-21.2 %. In vitro, while there was significant capture by all device designs, with most capturing 87-93 % within the first two minutes, compared to control non-magnetic devices, there was no significant difference in particle capture with the parameters varied. The computational study predicts that endovascular magnetic filters demonstrate maximum particle capture with "D" magnetization. In vitro flow testing demonstrated no difference in capture with varied parameters. Clinically, "D" magnetized devices would be most practical, sized as large as possible without causing intravascular flow obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Kondapavulur
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andre M Cote
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Caroline D Jordan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - David McCoy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Marc C Mabray
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Derek Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Hung Sze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Ayushi Gautam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Steven W Hetts
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA.
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39
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Blecha JE, Henderson BD, Hockley BG, VanBrocklin HF, Zubieta JK, DaSilva AF, Kilbourn MR, Koeppe RA, Scott PJ, Shao X. An updated synthesis of [ 11 C]carfentanil for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the μ-opioid receptor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:375-380. [PMID: 28419528 PMCID: PMC9886010 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
[11 C]Carfentanil ([11 C]CFN) is a selective radiotracer for in vivo positron emission tomography imaging studies of the μ-opioid system that, in our laboratories, is synthesized by methylation of the corresponding carboxylate precursor with [11 C]MeOTf, and purified using a C2 solid-phase extraction cartridge. Changes in the commercial availability of common C2 cartridges have necessitated future proofing the synthesis of [11 C]CFN to maintain reliable delivery of the radiotracer for clinical imaging studies. An updated synthesis of [11 C]CFN is reported that replaces a now obsolete purification cartridge with a new commercially available version and also substitutes the organic solvents used in traditional production methods with ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian G. Hockley
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, University Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Utah Health Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexandre F. DaSilva
- Headache and Orofacial Pain Effort, Biologic and Materials Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael R. Kilbourn
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert A. Koeppe
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter J.H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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40
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Neumann KD, Thompson CM, Blecha JE, Gerdes JM, VanBrocklin HF. An improved radiosynthesis of O-(2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)-O-(p-nitrophenyl)methylphosphonate: A first-in-class cholinesterase PET tracer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:337-342. [PMID: 28406525 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
O-(2-Fluoroethyl)-O-(p-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate 1 is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that creates a phosphonyl-serine covalent adduct at the enzyme active site blocking cholinesterase activity in vivo. The corresponding radiolabeled O-(2-[18 F]fluoroethyl)-O-(p-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate, [18 F]1, has been previously prepared and found to be an excellent positron emission tomography imaging tracer for assessment of cholinesterases in live brain, peripheral tissues, and blood. However, the previously reported [18 F]1 tracer synthesis was slow even with microwave acceleration, required high-performance liquid chromatography separation of the tracer from impurities, and gave less optimal radiochemical yields. In this paper, we report a new synthetic approach to circumvent these shortcomings that is reliant on the facile reactivity of bis-(O,O-p-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate, 2, with 2-fluoroethanol in the presence of DBU. The cold synthesis was successfully translated to provide a more robust radiosynthesis. Using this new strategy, the desired tracer, [18 F]1, was obtained in a non-decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 8 ± 2% (n = 7) in >99% radiochemical and >95% chemical purity with a specific activity of 3174 ± 345 Ci/mmol (EOS). This new facile radiosynthesis routinely affords highly pure quantities of [18 F]1, which will further enable tracer development of OP cholinesterase inhibitors and their evaluation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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41
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Drake CR, Sevillano N, Truillet C, Craik CS, VanBrocklin HF, Evans MJ. Site-Specific Radiofluorination of Biomolecules with 8-[(18)F]-Fluorooctanoic Acid Catalyzed by Lipoic Acid Ligase. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1587-94. [PMID: 27008570 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
New methodologies for site-specifically radiolabeling proteins with (18)F are required to generate high quality radiotracers for preclinical and clinical applications with positron emission tomography. Herein, we report an approach by which we use lipoic acid ligase (LplA) to conjugate [(18)F]-fluorooctanoic acid to an antibody fragment bearing the peptide substrate of LplA. The mild conditions of the reaction preserve antibody immunoreactivity, and the efficiency of LplA allows for >90% yield even with very small amounts of peptidic precursor (1-10 nmol). These features are advantageous compared to the current gold standard in the field. Moreover, the methodology introduces a new application for an important tool in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Drake
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, Suite 350, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Natalia Sevillano
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, Genentech Hall, S-514, 600 16th Street, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles Truillet
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, Suite 350, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Charles S. Craik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, Genentech Hall, S-514, 600 16th Street, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, Suite 350, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, Suite 350, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
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42
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Dannoon S, Ganguly T, Cahaya H, Geruntho JJ, Galliher MS, Beyer SK, Choy CJ, Hopkins MR, Regan M, Blecha JE, Skultetyova L, Drake CR, Jivan S, Barinka C, Jones EF, Berkman CE, VanBrocklin HF. Structure-Activity Relationship of (18)F-Labeled Phosphoramidate Peptidomimetic Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Targeted Inhibitor Analogues for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5684-94. [PMID: 27228467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of phosphoramidate-based prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors of increasing lipophilicity were synthesized (4, 5, and 6), and their fluorine-18 analogs were evaluated for use as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents for prostate cancer. To gain insight into their modes of binding, they were also cocrystallized with the extracellular domain of PSMA. All analogs exhibited irreversible binding to PSMA with IC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 1.3 nM. In vitro assays showed binding and rapid internalization (80-95%, 2 h) of the radiolabeled ligands in PSMA(+) cells. In vivo distribution demonstrated significant uptake in CWR22Rv1 (PSMA(+)) tumor, with tumor to blood ratios of 25.6:1, 63.6:1, and 69.6:1 for [(18)F]4, [(18)F]5, and [(18)F]6, respectively, at 2 h postinjection. Installation of aminohexanoic acid (AH) linkers in the phosphoramidate scaffold improved their PSMA binding and inhibition and was critical for achieving suitable in vivo imaging properties, positioning [(18)F]5 and [(18)F]6 as favorable candidates for future prostate cancer imaging clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Dannoon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Tanushree Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Hendry Cahaya
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Jonathan J Geruntho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Matthew S Galliher
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Sophia K Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Cindy J Choy
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Mark R Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Melanie Regan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | | | - Christopher R Drake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Salma Jivan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Institute of Biotechnology , 252 50 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ella F Jones
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States.,Cancer Targeted Technology , Woodinville, Washington 98072, United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
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Li L, Che L, Wang C, Blecha JE, Li X, VanBrocklin HF, Calvisi DF, Puchowicz M, Chen X, Seo Y. [(11)C]acetate PET Imaging is not Always Associated with Increased Lipogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:360-7. [PMID: 26567114 PMCID: PMC4866912 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered metabolism, including increased glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Radiolabeled nutrients, including glucose and acetate, are extensively used for the detection of various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). High signal of [(11)C]acetate positron emission tomography (PET) in tumors is often considered to be associated with increased expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and increased de novo lipogenesis in tumor tissues. Defining a subset of tumors with increased [(11)C]acetate PET signal and thus increased lipogenesis was suggested to help select a group of patients, who may benefit from lipogenesis-targeting therapies. PROCEDURES To investigate whether [(11)C]acetate PET imaging is truly associated with increased de novo lipogenesis along with hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed [(11)C]acetate PET imaging in wild-type mice as well as two mouse HCC models, induced by myrAKT/Ras(V12) (AKT/Ras) and PIK3CA(1047R)/c-Met (PI3K/Met) oncogene combinations. In addition, we analyzed FASN expression and de novo lipogenesis rate in these mouse liver tissues. RESULTS We found that while HCCs induced by AKT/Ras co-expression showed high levels of [(11)C]acetate PET signal compared to normal liver, HCCs induced by PI3K/Met overexpression did not. Intriguingly, elevated FASN expression and increased de novo lipogenesis rate were observed in both AKT/Ras and PI3K/Met HCCs. CONCLUSION Altogether, our study suggests that [(11)C]acetate PET imaging can be a useful tool for imaging of a subset of HCCs. However, at molecular level, the increased [(11)C]acetate PET imaging is not always associated with increased FASN expression or de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michelle Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA.
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- UCSF Physics Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0946, USA.
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Schankin CJ, Maniyar FH, Seo Y, Kori S, Eller M, Chou DE, Blecha J, Murphy ST, Hawkins RA, Sprenger T, VanBrocklin HF, Goadsby PJ. Ictal lack of binding to brain parenchyma suggests integrity of the blood-brain barrier for 11C-dihydroergotamine during glyceryl trinitrate-induced migraine. Brain 2016; 139:1994-2001. [PMID: 27234268 PMCID: PMC4939703 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
See Dreier (doi:
10.1093/aww112
) for a scientific commentary on this article.
For many decades a breakdown of the blood–brain barrier has been postulated to occur in migraine. Hypothetically this would facilitate access of medications, such as dihydroergotamine or triptans, to the brain despite physical properties otherwise restricting their entry. We studied the permeability of the blood–brain barrier in six migraineurs and six control subjects at rest and during acute glyceryl trinitrate-induced migraine attacks using positron emission tomography with the novel radioligand
11
C-dihydroergotamine, which is chemically identical to pharmacologically active dihydroergotamine. The influx rate constant
K
i
, average dynamic image and time activity curve were assessed using arterial blood sampling and served as measures for receptor binding and thus blood–brain barrier penetration. At rest, there was binding of
11
C-dihydroergotamine in the choroid plexus, pituitary gland, and venous sinuses as expected from the pharmacology of dihydroergotamine. However, there was no binding to the brain parenchyma, including the hippocampus, the area with the highest density of the highest-affinity dihydroergotamine receptors, and the raphe nuclei, a postulated brainstem site of action during migraine, suggesting that dihydroergotamine is not able to cross the blood–brain barrier. This binding pattern was identical in migraineurs during glyceryl trinitrate-induced migraine attacks as well as in matched control subjects. We conclude that
11
C-dihydroergotamine is unable to cross the blood–brain barrier interictally or ictally demonstrating that the blood–brain barrier remains tight for dihydroergotamine during acute glyceryl trinitrate-induced migraine attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Schankin
- 1 Headache Group, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA 3 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern - Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 4 Headache Group, NIHR-Wellcome Trust, King's Clinical Research Facility, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Farooq H Maniyar
- 1 Headache Group, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- 2 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Eller
- 1 Headache Group, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Denise E Chou
- 6 Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Blecha
- 2 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie T Murphy
- 2 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Randall A Hawkins
- 2 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Till Sprenger
- 7 Department of Neurology, DKD Helios Klinik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- 2 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- 1 Headache Group, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA 4 Headache Group, NIHR-Wellcome Trust, King's Clinical Research Facility, King's College London, London, UK
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Flavell RR, Truillet C, Regan MK, Ganguly T, Blecha JE, Kurhanewicz J, VanBrocklin HF, Keshari KR, Chang CJ, Evans MJ, Wilson DM. Caged [(18)F]FDG Glycosylamines for Imaging Acidic Tumor Microenvironments Using Positron Emission Tomography. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:170-8. [PMID: 26649808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors are hypoxic with altered metabolism, resulting in secretion of acids into the extracellular matrix and lower relative pH, a feature associated with local invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic and diagnostic agents responsive to this microenvironment may improve tumor-specific delivery. Therefore, we pursued a general strategy whereby caged small-molecule drugs or imaging agents liberate their parent compounds in regions of low interstitial pH. In this manuscript, we present a new acid-labile prodrug method based on the glycosylamine linkage, and its application to a class of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracers, termed [(18)F]FDG amines. [(18)F]FDG amines operate via a proposed two-step mechanism, in which an acid-labile precursor decomposes to form the common radiotracer 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose, which is subsequently accumulated by glucose avid cells. The rate of decomposition of [(18)F]FDG amines is tunable in a systematic fashion, tracking the pKa of the parent amine. In vivo, a 4-phenylbenzylamine [(18)F]FDG amine congener showed greater relative accumulation in tumors over benign tissue, which could be attenuated upon tumor alkalinization using previously validated models, including sodium bicarbonate treatment, or overexpression of carbonic anhydrase. This new class of PET tracer represents a viable approach for imaging acidic interstitial pH with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles Truillet
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Melanie K Regan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Tanushree Ganguly
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Keshari KR, Wilson DM, Van Criekinge M, Sriram R, Koelsch BL, Wang ZJ, VanBrocklin HF, Peehl DM, O’Brien T, Sampath D, Carano RAD, Kurhanewicz J. Metabolic response of prostate cancer to nicotinamide phophoribosyltransferase inhibition in a hyperpolarized MR/PET compatible bioreactor. Prostate 2015; 75:1601-9. [PMID: 26177608 PMCID: PMC4537380 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic shifts in disease are of great interest for the development of novel therapeutics. In cancer treatment, these therapies exploit the metabolic phenotype associated with oncogenesis and cancer progression. One recent strategy involves the depletion of the cofactors needed to maintain the high rate of glycolysis seen with the Warburg effect. Specifically, blocking nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis via nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition depletes cancer cells of the NAD needed for glycolysis. To characterize this metabolic phenotype in vivo and describe changes in flux with treatment, non-invasive biomarkers are necessary. One such biomarker is hyperpolarized (HP) [1-(13) C] pyruvate, a clinically translatable probe that allows real-time assessment of metabolism. METHODS We therefore developed a cell perfusion system compatible with HP magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET) to develop translatable biomarkers of response to NAMPT inhibition in reduced volume cell cultures. RESULTS Using this platform, we observed a reduction in pyruvate flux through lactate dehydrogenase with NAMPT inhibition in prostate cancer cells, and showed that both HP lactate and 2-[(18) F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) can be used as biomarkers for treatment response of such targeted agents. Moreover, we observed dynamic flux changes whereby HP pyruvate was re-routed to alanine, providing both positive and negative indicators of treatment response. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility of a MR/PET compatible bioreactor approach to efficiently explore cell and tissue metabolism, the understanding of which is critical for developing clinically translatable biomarkers of disease states and responses to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence and Reprint Request: Kayvan R. Keshari, Ph.D., Assistant Member, Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, Phone: (646) 888-3631, Fax: (646) 422-0247,
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bertram L. Koelsch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zhen J. Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tom O’Brien
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Richard A. D. Carano
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Page MJ, Lourenço AL, David T, LeBeau AM, Cattaruzza F, Castro HC, VanBrocklin HF, Coughlin SR, Craik CS. Non-invasive imaging and cellular tracking of pulmonary emboli by near-infrared fluorescence and positron-emission tomography. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8448. [PMID: 26423607 PMCID: PMC4593073 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional imaging of proteolytic activity is an emerging strategy to quantify disease and response to therapy at the molecular level. We present a new peptide-based imaging probe technology that advances these goals by exploiting enzymatic activity to deposit probes labelled with near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores or radioisotopes in cell membranes of disease-associated proteolysis. This strategy allows for non-invasive detection of protease activity in vivo and ex vivo by tracking deposited probes in tissues. We demonstrate non-invasive detection of thrombin generation in a murine model of pulmonary embolism using our protease-activated peptide probes in microscopic clots within the lungs with NIR fluorescence optical imaging and positron-emission tomography. Thrombin activity is imaged deep in tissue and tracked predominantly to platelets within the lumen of blood vessels. The modular design of our probes allows for facile investigation of other proteases, and their contributions to disease by tailoring the protease activation and cell-binding elements. Functional imaging of proteolytic activity is an emerging strategy to guide patient diagnosis and monitor clinical outcome. Here the authors present a peptide-based probe to detect and localize thrombin activity ex vivo and non-invasively in mouse models of wounding and pulmonary thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Page
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA
| | - André L Lourenço
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília DF 70040-020, Brazil.,LABiEMol, Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro RJ 23230-060, Brazil
| | - Tovo David
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, USA
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA
| | - Fiore Cattaruzza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA
| | - Helena C Castro
- LABiEMol, Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro RJ 23230-060, Brazil
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | - Shaun R Coughlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, USA
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA
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Ganguly T, Dannoon S, Hopkins MR, Murphy S, Cahaya H, Blecha JE, Jivan S, Drake CR, Barinka C, Jones EF, VanBrocklin HF, Berkman CE. A high-affinity [(18)F]-labeled phosphoramidate peptidomimetic PSMA-targeted inhibitor for PET imaging of prostate cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:780-7. [PMID: 26169882 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, a structurally modified phosphoramidate scaffold, with improved prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) avidity, stability and in vivo characteristics, as a PET imaging agent for prostate cancer (PCa), was prepared and evaluated. METHODS p-Fluorobenzoyl-aminohexanoate and 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)glycine were introduced into the PSMA-targeting scaffold yielding phosphoramidate 5. X-ray crystallography was performed on the PSMA/5 complex. [(18)F]5 was synthesized, and cell uptake and internalization studies were conducted in PSMA(+) LNCaP and CWR22Rv1 cells and PSMA(-) PC-3 cells. In vivo PET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed at 1 and 4 h post injection in mice bearing CWR22Rv1 tumor, with or without blocking agent. RESULTS The crystallographic data showed interaction of the p-fluorobenzoyl group with an arene-binding cleft on the PSMA surface. In vitro studies revealed elevated uptake of [(18)F]5 in PSMA(+) cells (2.2% in CWR22Rv1 and 12.1% in LNCaP) compared to PSMA(-) cells (0.08%) at 4 h. In vivo tumor uptake of 2.33% ID/g and tumor-to-blood ratio of 265:1 was observed at 4 h. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully synthesized, radiolabeled and evaluated a new PSMA-targeted PET agent. The crystal structure of the PSMA/5 complex highlighted the interactions within the arene-binding cleft contributing to the overall complex stability. The high target uptake and rapid non-target clearance exhibited by [(18)F]5 in PSMA(+) xenografts substantiates its potential use for PET imaging of PCa. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The only FDA-approved imaging agent for PCa, Prostascint®, targets PSMA but suffers from inherent shortcomings. The data acquired in this manuscript confirmed that our new generation of [(18)F]-labeled PSMA inhibitor exhibited promising in vivo performance as a PET imaging agent for PCa and is well-positioned for subsequent clinical trials. Implications for Patient Care Our preliminary data demonstrate that this tracer possesses the required imaging characteristics to be sensitive and specific for PCa imaging in patients at all stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shorouk Dannoon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Mark R Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, USA
| | - Stephanie Murphy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Hendry Cahaya
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Salma Jivan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Christopher R Drake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Ella F Jones
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, USA; Cancer Targeted Technology, USA.
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LeBeau AM, Sevillano N, Markham K, Winter MB, Murphy ST, Hostetter DR, West J, Lowman H, Craik CS, VanBrocklin HF. Imaging active urokinase plasminogen activator in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1225-35. [PMID: 25672980 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increased proteolytic activity of membrane-bound and secreted proteases on the surface of cancer cells and in the transformed stroma is a common characteristic of aggressive metastatic prostate cancer. We describe here the development of an active site-specific probe for detecting a secreted peritumoral protease expressed by cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. Using a human fragment antigen-binding phage display library, we identified a human antibody termed U33 that selectively inhibited the active form of the protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA, PLAU). In the full-length immunoglobulin form, U33 IgG labeled with near-infrared fluorophores or radionuclides allowed us to noninvasively detect active uPA in prostate cancer xenograft models using optical and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging modalities. U33 IgG labeled with (111)In had a remarkable tumor uptake of 43.2% injected dose per gram (%ID/g) 72 hours after tail vein injection of the radiolabeled probe in subcutaneous xenografts. In addition, U33 was able to image active uPA in small soft-tissue and osseous metastatic lesions using a cardiac dissemination prostate cancer model that recapitulated metastatic human cancer. The favorable imaging properties were the direct result of U33 IgG internalization through an uPA receptor-mediated mechanism in which U33 mimicked the function of the endogenous inhibitor of uPA to gain entry into the cancer cell. Overall, our imaging probe targets a prostate cancer-associated protease, through a unique mechanism, allowing for the noninvasive preclinical imaging of prostate cancer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M LeBeau
- Center for Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Natalia Sevillano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kate Markham
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Michael B Winter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephanie T Murphy
- Center for Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - James West
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Henry Lowman
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Center for Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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James SL, Ahmed SK, Murphy S, Braden MR, Belabassi Y, VanBrocklin HF, Thompson CM, Gerdes JM. A novel fluorine-18 β-fluoroethoxy organophosphate positron emission tomography imaging tracer targeted to central nervous system acetylcholinesterase. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:519-24. [PMID: 24716794 DOI: 10.1021/cn500024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiosynthesis of a fluorine-18 labeled organophosphate (OP) inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and subsequent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the tracer in the rat central nervous system are reported. The tracer structure, which contains a novel β-fluoroethoxy phosphoester moiety, was designed as an insecticide-chemical nerve agent hybrid to optimize handling and the desired target reactivity. Radiosynthesis of the β-fluoroethoxy tracer is described that utilizes a [(18)F]prosthetic group coupling approach. The imaging utility of the [(18)F]tracer is demonstrated in vivo within rats by the evaluation of its brain penetration and cerebral distribution qualities in the absence and presence of a challenge agent. The tracer effectively penetrates brain and localizes to cerebral regions known to correlate with the expression of the AChE target. Brain pharmacokinetic properties of the tracer are consistent with the formation of an OP-adducted acetylcholinesterase containing the fluoroethoxy tracer group. Based on the initial favorable in vivo qualities found in rat, additional [(18)F]tracer studies are ongoing to exploit the technology to dynamically probe organophosphate mechanisms of action in mammalian live tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly L. James
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - S. Kaleem Ahmed
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Stephanie Murphy
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Michael R. Braden
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Yamina Belabassi
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Charles M. Thompson
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - John M. Gerdes
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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