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The impact of powdered activated carbon types on membrane anti-fouling mechanism in membrane bioreactors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7337-7345. [PMID: 36149455 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dosing powdered activated carbon (PAC) has been proven to be an economical and effective method to mitigate membrane fouling. However, the effects of pretreated PAC with different redox properties on membrane fouling still need to be further investigated. Here, the impact of commercial PAC, oxidized-PAC, and reduced-PAC on membrane fouling was investigated in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Surprisingly, the filtration cycles were extended from 12-36 h to 132-156 h only by dosing reduced-PAC and commercial PAC with a finial dosage of 3 g/L, which were provided with reductive properties. However, few improvements of filtration cycle (less than 50 h) were achieved by dosing oxidized-PAC in the same dosage, which had the same adsorption performance as reduced-PAC and commercial PAC. The biomass and foulant concentration suggested that the enhanced anti-fouling performances by PAC with reductive properties were mainly attributed to the reduction of extracellular polymer substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) content in the bulk solutions after 14 days of continuous operation. The model foulant degradation tests and the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images of activated sludge further demonstrated that PAC with reductive properties directly affected the microbial activities by controlling the EPS and SMP concentrations in the bulk solution, thereby suppressing membrane fouling. Such a finding provides new insights into anti-fouling mechanisms that the redox properties of PAC played a decisive role in membrane fouling mitigation, and also provides a strategy to prolong the anti-fouling effects by restoring the reductive properties of PAC. KEY POINTS: • The anti-fouling mechanisms of PAC with reductive property were investigated. • Reductive property was the main reason for fouling control instead of adsorption. • PAC with reductive property hindered the sludge activity to produce fewer foulants.
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2
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Heo S, Nam K, Woo T, Yoo C. Digitally-transformed early-warning protocol for membrane cleaning based on a fouling-cumulative sum chart: Application to a full-scale MBR plant. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Odriozola M, van Lier JB, Spanjers H. Optimising the Flux Enhancer Dosing Strategy in a Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor by Mathematical Modelling. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020151. [PMID: 35207073 PMCID: PMC8877340 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flux enhancers (FEs) have been successfully applied for fouling mitigation in membrane bioreactors. However, more research is needed to compare and optimise different dosing strategies to improve the filtration performance, while minimising the use of FEs and preventing overdosing. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop an optimised control strategy for FE dosing into an AnMBR by developing a comprehensive integrated mathematical model. The integrated model includes filtration, flocculation, and biochemical processes to predict the effect of FE dosing on sludge filterability and membrane fouling rate in an AnMBR. The biochemical model was based on an ADM1, modified to include FEs and colloidal material. We developed an empirical model for the FE-induced flocculation of colloidal material. Various alternate filtration models from the literature and our own empirical models were implemented, calibrated, and validated; the best alternatives were selected based on model accuracy and capacity of the model to predict the effect of varying sludge characteristics on the corresponding output, that is fouling rate or sludge filterability. The results showed that fouling rate and sludge filterability were satisfactorily predicted by the selected filtration models. The best integrated model was successfully applied in the simulation environment to compare three feedback and two feedforward control tools to manipulate FE dosing to an AnMBR. The modelling results revealed that the most appropriate control tool was a feedback sludge filterability controller that dosed FEs continuously, referred to as ∆R20_10. Compared to the other control tools, application of the ∆R20_10 controller resulted in a more stable sludge filterability and steady fouling rate, when the AnMBR was subject to specific disturbances. The simulation environment developed in this research was shown to be a useful tool to test strategies for dosing flux enhancer into AnMBRs.
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4
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Odriozola M, Lousada-Ferreira M, Spanjers H, van Lier JB. Effect of sludge characteristics on optimal required dosage of flux enhancer in anaerobic membrane bioreactors. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Fouling Mitigation by Cationic Polymer Addition into a Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Fed with Blackwater. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102383. [PMID: 33081226 PMCID: PMC7602741 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymers have proven to be suitable flux enhancers (FEs) in large-scale aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs), whereas in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) research is scarce, and so far, only done at lab-scale. Results from MBRs cannot be directly translated to AnMBRs because the extent and nature of membrane fouling under anaerobic and aerobic conditions are different. Our research focused on the long-term effect of dosing the cationic polymer Adifloc KD451 to a pilot AnMBR, fed with source-separated domestic blackwater. A single dosage of Adifloc KD451 at 50 mg L-1 significantly enhanced the filtration performance in the AnMBR, revealed by a decrease in both fouling rate and total filtration resistance. Nevertheless, FE addition had an immediate negative effect on the specific methanogenic activity (SMA), but this was a reversible process that had no adverse effect on permeate quality or chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the AnMBR. Moreover, the FE had a long-term positive effect on AnMBR filtration performance and sludge filterability. These findings indicate that dosing Adifloc KD451 is a suitable strategy for fouling mitigation in AnMBRs because it led to a long-term improvement in filtration performance, while having no significant adverse effects on permeate quality or COD removal.
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Yang Z, Hou T, Ma J, Yuan B, Tian Z, Yang W, Graham NJD. Role of moderately hydrophobic chitosan flocculants in the removal of trace antibiotics from water and membrane fouling control. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 177:115775. [PMID: 32278991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the preparation and testing of a new class of chitosan-based flocculants for the treatment of surface waters containing antibiotic compounds. Three forms of moderately hydrophobic chitosan flocculants (MHCs) were prepared by chemically grafting hydrophobic branches with different lengths onto hydrophilic chitosan and these were evaluated by jar tests and a bench-scale continuous flow ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process with coagulation/sedimentation pre-treatment. Tests were conducted using both synthetic and real surface water in which norfloxacin and tylosin were added as representative antibiotics at an initial concentration of 0.1 μg/L. In jar tests, the MHCs achieved similar high removal efficiencies (REs) of turbidity and UV254 absorbance, but much higher REs of the two antibiotics (71.7-84.7% and 68.7-76.6% for synthetic and river waters, respectively), compared to several commercial flocculants; the superior performance was attributed to an enhanced hydrophobic interaction and H-bonding between the flocculants and antibiotics. The presence of suspended kaolin particles and humic acid enhanced the antibiotic removal, speculated to be through MHC bridging of the kaolin/humic acid and antibiotic molecules. In the continuous flow tests involving flocculation/sedimentation-UF for 40 days, an optimal MHC achieved a much greater performance than polyaluminium chloride in terms of the overall removal of antibiotics (RE (norfloxacin) of ∼90% and RE (tylosin) of ∼80%) and a greatly reduced rate of membrane fouling; the latter resulting from a more porous and looser structure of cake layer, caused by a surface-modification-like effect of residual MHC on the hydrophobic PVDF membrane. The results of this study have shown that MHCs offer a significant advance over the use of existing flocculants for the treatment of surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Tianyang Hou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Jiangya Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China.
| | - Bo Yuan
- Jiangsu Sinography Testing Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210061, PR China.
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315000, PR China.
| | - Weiben Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Maqbool T, Cho J, Shin KH, Hur J. Using stable isotope labeling approach and two dimensional correlation spectroscopy to explore the turnover cycles of different carbon structures in extracellular polymeric substances. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115355. [PMID: 31811990 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from activated sludge comprise many organic constituents with polysaccharides and proteins as the main components of two different functionalities. Despite a number of previous EPS studies, a fundamental question remained unanswered, namely, whether the different EPS components would have the same turnover cycle (i.e., formation/dissolution) in biological wastewater treatment systems. In this study, we employed a stable isotope labeling approach based on isotope-enriched substrates (i.e., 13C-glucose and 15NH4Cl) to examine the potential discrepancies in the turnover cycles among different major EPS constituents. Our results, based on substrate consumption in a batch bioreactor, evidenced the existence of differences in carbon and nitrogen cycles within bulk EPS with an earlier replenishment of organic carbon relative to organic nitrogen. The changes in the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectra of EPS with operation clarified the relative differences in the turnover periods among several identified EPS structures with different chemical functionalities. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) on the 13C NMR spectra further showed that the substrate-assimilated carbon functional groups appear to preferably formed within bulk EPS in the order of O-alkyl carbons > amides > α amino acids > aliphatic carbons. This study provides a novel insight into the dissimilar formation rates of different EPS structures after substrate assimilation. This isotope labeling approach can be further applied to determine the mass balance among the substrate, biomass, and bound/soluble EPS within activated sludge systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Shin
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi do, 15588, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Odriozola M, Abraham E, Lousada-Ferreira M, Spanjers H, van Lier JB. Identification of the Methanogenesis Inhibition Mechanism Using Comparative Analysis of Mathematical Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:93. [PMID: 31157214 PMCID: PMC6530379 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of cationic polymers to enhance membrane fluxes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors has been proposed by several authors. However, literature shows contradictory results on the influence of those chemicals on the biological activity. In this research, we studied the effect of a cationic polymer on the production of methane from acetate by acetoclastic methanogens. We assessed the effect of polymer concentration on the accumulated methane production (AMP) and the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) in batch tests. Batch tests results showed lower SMA values at higher concentrations of polymer and no effect on the final AMP. Different inhibition models were calibrated and compared to find the best fit and to hypothesize the prevailing inhibition mechanisms. The assessed inhibition models were: competitive (M1a), non-competitive (M2a), un-competitive (M3a), biocide-linear (M4a), and biocide-exponential (M5a). The parameters in the model related to the polymer characteristics were adjusted to fit the experimental data. M2a and M3a were the only models that fitted both experimental SMA and AMP. Although M1a and M4a adequately fitted the experimental SMA, M1a simulations slightly deviated from the experimental AMP, and M4a considerably underpredicted the AMP at concentrations of polymer above 0.23 gCOD L−1. M5a did not adequately fit either experimental SMA and AMP results. We compared models a (M1a to M5a), which consider the inhibition by the concentration of polymer in the bulk liquid, with models b (M1b to M5b) considering the inhibition being caused by the total concentration of polymer in the reactor. Results showed that the difference between a and b models' simulations were negligible for all kinetic models considered (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5). Therefore, the models that better predicted the experimental data were the non-competitive (M2a and M2b) and un-competitive (M3a and M3b) inhibition models, which are biostatic inhibition models. Consequently, the decreased methanogenic activity caused by polymer additions is presumably a reversible process
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Affiliation(s)
- Magela Odriozola
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Edo Abraham
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Henri Spanjers
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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9
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Strategy for Flux Enhancement in Biofilm Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor Applying Prepolymerized and Non-Prepolymerized Inorganic Coagulants. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering new legislative and economic restrictions caused by the water crisis, this work focuses on a more efficient wastewater treatment process, which combines biological treatment in a moving bed biofilm system with a membrane bioreactor (BF-MBR) and coagulation, particularly addressing fouling alleviation in the separation stage. The study justifies the positive impact of coagulant dosing in BF-MBR regarding membrane flux and fouling rate. Statistical techniques connect the results of coagulation and membrane separation experiments with properties of mixed liquor, obtained after biotreatment in the representative pilot plant and characteristics of prepolymerized and non-prepolymerized inorganic coagulants. Research results substantiate the need for a pH-controlled coagulation of mixed liquor in BF-MBR depending on coagulant type, which influences charge, hydrophobicity and size of flocs and organic content of the system. It is suggested, that the adsorption/charge neutralization mechanism dominates in flux enhancement in BF-MBR, giving the best results in the case of prepolymerized aluminium coagulants. Together with high quality of permeate, the application of prepolymerized aluminium chloride of medium basicity entails a tenfold increase in filtration time of the membrane separation cycle and increases net membrane flux by 30–56%. The results of the study are practically significant for the development of an automated control system for BF-MBR, optimizing treatment rates together with membrane separation efficiency.
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Zhou JH, Wu CH, Cheng GF, Hong QK, Li YZ, Wang HY. Impact of poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride on membrane fouling mitigation in a membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1043-1049. [PMID: 29235931 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1417489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) was applied in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to study its effects on mitigation of MBR membrane fouling. Floc size, zeta potential, soluble microbial substances (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion were studied with respect to PDMMAAC-dosing operations. Results demonstrated that a sustainable filtration cycle extended 3.3 times with the optimal PDMDAAC dosage of 90 mg L-1. The addition of PDMDAAC could increase zeta potential of sludge floc, which led to the decrease in repulsive electrostatic interactions between flocs, as well as the facilitation of flocs-to-flocs aggregation. With the optimal dosage of PDMDAAC, the mean size of sludge was 3.23 ± 0.55 times higher than the control group, resulting in higher impact resistance and better adaptive capacity to the changing environment, which led to less SMP secretion. Moreover, a high contaminants removal rate was achieved in the reactor that was dosed with PDMDAAC. The average effluent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen were less than 45.6 ± 2.85 and 5.23 ± 0.61 mg L-1, respectively, and the corresponding removal rates were 93.1 ± 5.81% and 89.1 ± 9.61%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Heng Zhou
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hua Wu
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Feng Cheng
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Kun Hong
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Zhong Li
- b Kemira Chemicals Co., Ltd. , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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Hamedi H, Ehteshami M, Mirbagheri SA, Rasouli SA, Zendehboudi S. Current Status and Future Prospects of Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) and Fouling Phenomena: A Systematic Review. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Hamedi
- Department of Civil EngineeringK. N. Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNLCanada
| | - Majid Ehteshami
- Department of Civil EngineeringK. N. Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | | | - Seyed Abbas Rasouli
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNLCanada
| | - Sohrab Zendehboudi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNLCanada
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12
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Membrane filtration device for studying compression of fouling layers in membrane bioreactors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181652. [PMID: 28749990 PMCID: PMC5531554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A filtration devise was developed to assess compressibility of fouling layers in membrane bioreactors. The system consists of a flat sheet membrane with air scouring operated at constant transmembrane pressure to assess the influence of pressure on resistance of fouling layers. By fitting a mathematical model, three model parameters were obtained; a back transport parameter describing the kinetics of fouling layer formation, a specific fouling layer resistance, and a compressibility parameter. This stands out from other on-site filterability tests as model parameters to simulate filtration performance are obtained together with a characterization of compressibility. Tests on membrane bioreactor sludge showed high reproducibility. The methodology’s ability to assess compressibility was tested by filtrations of sludges from membrane bioreactors and conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plants from three different sites. These proved that membrane bioreactor sludge showed higher compressibility than conventional activated sludge. In addition, detailed information on the underlying mechanisms of the difference in fouling propensity were obtained, as conventional activated sludge showed slower fouling formation, lower specific resistance and lower compressibility of fouling layers, which is explained by a higher degree of flocculation.
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13
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Hu Y, Wang XC, Sun Q, Ngo HH, Yu Z, Tang J, Zhang Q. Characterization of a hybrid powdered activated carbon-dynamic membrane bioreactor (PAC-DMBR) process with high flux by gravity flow: Operational performance and sludge properties. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 223:65-73. [PMID: 27780093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three PAC-DMBRs were developed for wastewater treatment under different PAC dosages with biomass concentrations averaged at 2.5, 3.5 and 5.0g/L. The DMBRs could be continuously operated at 40-100L/m2h, while higher fluxes were obtained within the PAC-DMBRs with hydraulic retention times varying in 4-10h. A dose of 1g/L PAC brought about obvious improvement in the sludge particle size distribution, settling, flocculating and dewatering properties due to the formation of biological PAC, and the sludge properties were further improved at a higher PAC dose (3g/L). The addition of PAC notably shortened the DM formation time after air backwashing and enhanced pollutant removal. Moreover, under a long solid retention time (approximately 150d), the concentrations of both soluble and bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) decreased substantially because of the adsorption and biodegradation effects of the biological PAC. No obvious impact on biomass activity was observed with PAC addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Hu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Qiyuan Sun
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhenzhen Yu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Jialing Tang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Qionghua Zhang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, PR China
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14
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Villamil JA, Monsalvo VM, Lopez J, Mohedano AF, Rodriguez JJ. Fouling control in membrane bioreactors with sewage-sludge based adsorbents. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:65-75. [PMID: 27596703 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to mitigate membrane fouling has been tested in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) fed with cosmetic wastewater. Inexpensive powder activated carbon was prepared from sewage sludge biosolids (B-PAC) by pyrolysis (750 °C; 0.5 h) and air-activation (400 °C; 2 h). Adsorption capacities of 143 and 570 mg g-1 were reached for carbohydrates and proteins, respectively, quite similar to those of a commercial activated carbon (C-PAC). To check the effect of PAC addition on membrane fouling, three MBRs were simultaneously operated without (control-MBR) and with PAC (B-MBR and C-MBR) for 150 days in continuous mode at 8 L m-2 h-1 flux. Similar COD removal efficiencies were achieved in these three MBR systems. After 100 days of operation, the effect of the PACs on the sludge filterability was studied in the MBRs for 10 days. B-MBR showed stable transmembrane pressure (TMP) after 9 days of operation, unlike of control-MBR and C-MBR, where the TMP increased after the 2nd and 5th days, respectively. Therefore, operational cost saving can be achieved in the membrane cleaning due to decrease of fouling rate. Operating at stable state condition the addition of PAC gave rise to an increase of the critical flux of 25%. In an extra shear test, carried out at the end of the continuous experiment, a clear reduction in mean size of the flocs from 45 to 28 μm was observed in control-MBR. However, the extra shear led to a slight reduction of the mean size of flocs (less than 5%) in MBRs with PAC, with average sizes of 62 and 71 μm in C-MBR and B-MBR, respectively. The molecular weight fractionation of the MBR demonstrated a higher selectivity of B-PAC toward the adsorption of proteins smaller than 1 μm which prevents the irreversible fouling of the membranes. The membranes lifetime was increased because the B-PAC extended the filtration for a longer period than C-PAC, probably due to its easier in-situ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Villamil
- Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28924, Madrid, Spain.
| | - V M Monsalvo
- Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28924, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Lopez
- Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28924, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A F Mohedano
- Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28924, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28924, Madrid, Spain.
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Park CH, Park JW, Han GB. Control of membrane fouling with the addition of a nanoporous zeolite membrane fouling reducer to the submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:1024-1033. [PMID: 27399266 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1198600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The membrane fouling control via the addition of nanoporous zeolite membrane fouling reducer (Z-MFR) to the submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated. Using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis techniques, the characteristics of fouling on a hollow fiber membrane surface were also analyzed. The addition of Z-MFR to the MBR led to the adsorption of foulants and the flocculation of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSSs), which resulted in substantially enhancing the membrane filterability. The critical flux values obtained from the sewage mixed liquors of 3400 mg L(-1) at the effective dosage rate of 0.03 mg Z-MFR mg(-1) MLSS was 85 L m(-2) h(-1) (LMH), which was enhanced by 42%. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) variation under the operating conditions of 30 LMH with 3500 mg MLSS L(-1) showed that the addition of Z-MFR extended the time required to reach the critical flux of 0.32 bar by 2.6-fold longer than the control. Thus, due to the hybrid functions of adsorbing foulants and precipitating colloidal substances with the addition of Z-MFR, a decrease in the foulant amount and an improvement of sludge flocculation have been attained simultaneously. As a result, the membrane fouling control was achieved effectively with the addition of the Z-MFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hwi Park
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Park
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Gee-Bong Han
- b Department of Biosciences & Environmental Engineering , The Catholic University of Korea , Kyunggi-do , Republic of Korea
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16
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Investigating the significance of coagulation kinetics on maintaining membrane permeability in an MBR following reactive coagulant dosing. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Wang H, Chen Z, Miao J, Li Y. A novel approach for mitigation of membrane fouling: Concomitant use of flocculant and magnetic powder. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:318-325. [PMID: 26994460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling alleviation by addition of poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) and magnetic powder (Fe3O4) was investigated. It was found that magnetic powder associated with PDMDAAC had a good performance on mitigation of membrane fouling, improvement in dehydrogenase activity and enhancement of biomass growth. The optimal dose of PDMDAAC was determined by using constant pressure dead-end filtration unit. Maximum permeate flux was attained at 400mg/L of PDMDAAC addition. Continuous experiment was conducted in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) system and biomass parameters such as soluble microbial products (SMP), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), dehydrogenase activity, zeta potential, and capillary suction time (CST) were analyzed. Best results were obtained with a combination of 120mg/L of magnetic powder and 400mg/L of PDMDAAC. This study results demonstrated that PDMDAAC played a major role in SMPc and EPSc reduction, whereas magnetic powder had better performance in decreasing SMPc and EPSp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhouzhou Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jia Miao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yaozhong Li
- Kemira Chemicals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200210, China
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18
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Zarei-Baygi A, Moslemi M, Mirzaei SH. The combination of KMnO4 oxidation and polymeric flocculation for the mitigation of membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Deng L, Guo W, Ngo HH, Zuthi MFR, Zhang J, Liang S, Li J, Wang J, Zhang X. Membrane fouling reduction and improvement of sludge characteristics by bioflocculant addition in submerged membrane bioreactor. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Alkmim AR, da Costa PR, Moser PB, França Neta LS, Santiago VMJ, Cerqueira AC, Amaral MCS. Long-term evaluation of different strategies of cationic polyelectrolyte dosage to control fouling in a membrane bioreactor treating refinery effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1026-1035. [PMID: 26508453 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1096964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the long-term use of cationic polyelectrolyte to improve the sludge filterability and to control membrane fouling in bioreactor membrane while treating refinery effluents have been evaluated in pilot scale. Corrective and preventive cationic polyelectrolyte dosages have been added to the membrane bioreactor (MBR) to evaluate the membrane fouling mitigation in both strategies. The results have confirmed that the use of the Membrane performance enhancer (MPE) increased the sludge filterability and reduced the membrane fouling. During the monitoring period, stress events occurred due to the increase in oil and grease and phenol concentrations in the MBR feeds. The preventive use of cationic polyelectrolyte allowed for a more effective and stable sludge filterability, with lower cationic polyelectrolyte consumption and without decreasing MBR's overall pollutant removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R Alkmim
- a Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Paula R da Costa
- a Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Priscila B Moser
- b Research and Development Center of PETROBRAS S.A/CENPES , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Luzia S França Neta
- c Chemistry Department , Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Vânia M J Santiago
- b Research and Development Center of PETROBRAS S.A/CENPES , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Ana C Cerqueira
- b Research and Development Center of PETROBRAS S.A/CENPES , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Míriam C S Amaral
- a Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
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21
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Skouteris G, Saroj D, Melidis P, Hai FI, Ouki S. The effect of activated carbon addition on membrane bioreactor processes for wastewater treatment and reclamation - A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 185:399-410. [PMID: 25801795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review concentrates on the effect of activated carbon (AC) addition to membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating wastewaters. Use of AC-assisted MBRs combines adsorption, biodegradation and membrane filtration. This can lead to advanced removal of recalcitrant pollutants and mitigation of membrane fouling. The relative contribution of adsorption and biodegradation to overall removal achieved by an AC-assisted MBR process can vary, and "biological AC" may not fully develop due to competition of target pollutants with bulk organics in wastewater. Thus periodic replenishment of spent AC is necessary. Sludge retention time (SRT) governs the frequency of spent AC withdrawal and addition of fresh AC, and is an important parameter that significantly influences the performance of AC-assisted MBRs. Of utmost importance is AC dosage because AC overdose may aggravate membrane fouling, increase sludge viscosity, impair mass transfer and reduce sludge dewaterability.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Skouteris
- The University of Surrey, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Devendra Saroj
- The University of Surrey, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Environmental Engineering, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sabèha Ouki
- The University of Surrey, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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22
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Discart V, Bilad M, Moorkens R, Arafat H, Vankelecom IF. Decreasing membrane fouling during Chlorella vulgaris broth filtration via membrane development and coagulant assisted filtration. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Using polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide to control membrane fouling in a cross-flow anaerobic membrane bioreactor. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Loulergue P, Teychene B, Weckert M, Cabassud C, Guigui C. Advanced tools for fluid and fouling layer characterization applied to the description of membrane fouling phenomena for particle-organic matter mixtures. CAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Loulergue
- Université de Toulouse; INSA; UPS; INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INRA; UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
- CNRS; UMR5504; F31400 Toulouse France
| | - Benoit Teychene
- Université de Toulouse; INSA; UPS; INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INRA; UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
- CNRS; UMR5504; F31400 Toulouse France
| | - Marie Weckert
- Université de Toulouse; INSA; UPS; INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INRA; UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
- CNRS; UMR5504; F31400 Toulouse France
- Technische Universität Dresden; Institute of Urban Water Management; Chair of Water Supply Engineering; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Corinne Cabassud
- Université de Toulouse; INSA; UPS; INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INRA; UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
- CNRS; UMR5504; F31400 Toulouse France
| | - Christelle Guigui
- Université de Toulouse; INSA; UPS; INP; LISBP; 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INRA; UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes biologiques et des Procédés; F-31400 Toulouse France
- CNRS; UMR5504; F31400 Toulouse France
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25
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Loulergue P, Weckert M, Reboul B, Cabassud C, Uhl W, Guigui C. Mechanisms of action of particles used for fouling mitigation in membrane bioreactors. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 66:40-52. [PMID: 25181616 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adding chemicals to the biofluid is an option to mitigate membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors. In particular, previous studies have shown that the addition of particles could enhance activated sludge filterability. Nevertheless, the mechanisms responsible for the improved filtration performance when particles are added are still unclear. Two main mechanisms might occur: soluble organic matter adsorption onto the particles and/or cake structure modification. To date, no studies have clearly dissociated the impact of these two phenomena as a method was needed for the in-line characterization of the cake structure during filtration. The objective of this study was thus to apply, for the first time, an optical method for in-situ, non-invasive, characterization of cake structure during filtration of a real biofluid in presence of particles. This method was firstly used to study local cake compressibility during the biofluid filtration. It was found that the first layers of the cake were incompressible whereas the cake appeared to be compressible at global scale. This questions the global scale analysis generally used to study cake compressibility and highlights the interest of coupling local characterization with overall process performance analysis. Secondly, the impact of adding submicronic melamine particles into the biofluid was studied. It appears that particles added into the biofluid strongly influence the cake properties, making it thicker and more permeable. Furthermore, by using liquid chromatography with an organic carbon detector to determine the detailed characteristics of the feed and permeate, it was shown that the modification of cake structure also affected the retention of soluble organic compounds by the membrane and thus the cake composition. Simultaneous use of a method for in-situ characterization of the cake structure with a detailed analysis of the fluid composition and monitoring of the global performance is thus a powerful method for evaluating cake structure and composition and their impact on global process performance. The use of this methodology should allow "cake engineering" to be developed so that cake properties (structure, composition) can be controlled and process performance optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Loulergue
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - M Weckert
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Technische Universitat Dresden, Institute of Urban Water Management, Chair of Water Supply Engineering, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Reboul
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - C Cabassud
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - W Uhl
- Technische Universitat Dresden, Institute of Urban Water Management, Chair of Water Supply Engineering, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Guigui
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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26
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Fouling Issues in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) for Wastewater Treatment: Major Mechanisms, Prevention and Control Strategies. Processes (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/pr2040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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27
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De Temmerman L, Maere T, Temmink H, Zwijnenburg A, Nopens I. Salt stress in a membrane bioreactor: dynamics of sludge properties, membrane fouling and remediation through powdered activated carbon dosing. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 63:112-124. [PMID: 24999116 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors are a well-established technology for wastewater treatment. However, their efficiency is adversely impacted by membrane fouling, primarily inciting very conservative operations of installations that makes them less appealing from an economic perspective. This fouling propensity of the activated sludge is closely related to system disturbances. Therefore, improved insight into the impact of fouling is crucial towards increased membrane performance. In this work, the disturbance of a salt shock was investigated with respect to sludge composition and filterability in two parallel lab-scale membrane bioreactors. Several key sludge parameters (soluble microbial products, sludge-bound extracellular polymeric substances, supramicron particle size distributions (PSD), submicron particle concentrations) were intensively monitored prior to, during, and after a disturbance to investigate its impact as well as the potential governing mechanism. Upon salt addition, the supramicron PSD immediately shifted to smaller floc sizes, and the total fouling rate increased. Following a certain delay, an increase in submicron particles, supernatant proteins, and polysaccharides was observed as well as an increase in the irreversible membrane fouling rate. Recovery from the disturbance was evidenced with a simultaneous decrease in the above mentioned quantities. A similar experiment introducing powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition used for remediation resulted in either no or less significant changes in the above mentioned quantities, signifying its potential as a mitigation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Temmerman
- Wetsus Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - T Maere
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Temmink
- Wetsus Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Zwijnenburg
- Wetsus Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - I Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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28
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Ji J, Li J, Qiu J, Li X. Polyacrylamide–starch composite flocculant as a membrane fouling reducer: Key factors of fouling reduction. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Pedersen CO, Masse L, Hjorth M. The effect of residual cationic polymers in swine wastewater on the fouling of reverse osmosis membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1338-1344. [PMID: 24701931 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.868038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid separation with flocculation can be used as pre-treatment for reverse osmosis (RO) filtration as it produces a liquid fraction (LF) low in suspended solids (SS). However, residual polymers in the LF may foul the membrane. Membrane fouling during RO filtration of swine wastewater containing polymers was investigated with respect to polymer charge density (CD), effluent SS concentration and membrane surface charge. Effluents with 765 mg/L SS and without SS were spiked with low and medium CD polymers (0-40 mg/L effluent) then processed with RO membranes having low and high negative surface charges. Fouling intensity was evaluated by comparing permeate flux and water flux recovery of fouled and cleaned membranes. For effluents containing SS, the presence of polymer reduced permeate flux by 4-16% and water flux recovery of the fouled membrane by 0-18%, relative to effluents without polymer. The extent of the fouling was higher with the low than the medium CD polymer. The fouling was mostly reversible as cleaning allowed for over 95% flux recovery, but the membrane with high negative surface charge was more susceptible to irreversible fouling. Adding the low CD polymer to feed without SS had no effect on permeate flux or flux recovery. Membrane fouling thus appeared to be caused by the polymer changing SS-membrane interaction. If flocculation is applied to pre-treat manure, a medium CD polymer should be used to optimize SS removal and a membrane with low surface charge should be selected to minimize fouling.
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30
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Wang H, Zhang L, Li Y, Hu C. Influence of Filtration Aids on Continuous Filtration in Membrane Bioreactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie500319f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- School
of Civil Engineering and Architectural, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Longyuan Zhang
- School
of Civil Engineering and Architectural, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yaozhong Li
- Kemira Chemicals Company, Ltd. Shanghai 200210, China
| | - Chao Hu
- School
of Civil Engineering and Architectural, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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31
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Mehrnia MR, Azami H, Sarrafzadeh MH. Fouling mitigation in membrane bioreactors using multivalent cations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Effect of Powdered Activated Carbon to Reduce Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors: A Sustainable Solution. Case Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/su5041501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Masse L, Mondor M, Dubreuil J. Membrane filtration of the liquid fraction from a solid-liquid separator for swine manure using a cationic polymer as flocculating agent. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:671-677. [PMID: 23837317 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.710409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The liquid fraction from a solid-liquid separator for swine manure, which used a cationic polymer to promote particle flocculation, was processed by one nanofiltration and two reverse osmosis spiral-wound membranes. Eight different liquid fraction batches (750 to 1750 L) were concentrated at volumetric concentration ratios (VCRs, initial to final volumes) ranging from 2.3 to 4.2. Membrane fouling intensity was highly variable, as water flux recovery after concentration cycles ranged from 13% to 88%. The most severe fouling was caused by a liquid fraction that had relatively low suspended solids (SS) (774 mg/L) and was concentrated at a low VCR of 2.6. Raw manure collected the same day also contained low SS, suggesting that fewer sites were available for polymer adsorption and thus more polymer remained in the liquid. However, because of the high opacity of the samples, residual polymer could not be detected in any feed or concentrate samples. Fouling was not totally irreversible as over 97% of membrane flux could be recovered by cleaning with acidic and alkaline solutions. Further tests with spiked liquid fractions indicated that fouling due to residual polymer in solution started to occur at a polymer concentration of 3 and 11 mg/L in initial and concentrated effluents, respectively. If a cationic polymer is used to pretreat manure, the amount of added polymer would have to be closely related to SS content as opposed to manure volume, in order to leave very little residual polymer in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Masse
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M OC8, Canada.
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34
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Improving the Performance of Membrane Bioreactors by Adding a Metabolic Uncoupler, 4-Nitrophenol. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:2126-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Koseoglu H, Yigit NO, Civelekoglu G, Harman BI, Kitis M. Effects of chemical additives on filtration and rheological characteristics of MBR sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 117:48-54. [PMID: 22609713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to control the fouling phenomena in MBR using chemical additives. In the first phase of the study, SMP removal and bound EPS formation capacity of chemical additives were determined. Highest SMP removal (72%) was achieved by the Poly-2 additive. In the second phase of the study, short term filtration tests were conducted. Poly-1 exhibited highest performance based on membrane resistance, permeability and average TMP. According to the results obtained from constant shear rate tests in fourth phase, no significant change in viscosity with time was observed. Studies for the adaptation of rheograms to common flow models showed that chitosan and starch was not able to fit to Ostwald de Waele and Bingham models. At a shear rate of 73.4 s(-1) viscosities of all samples were close to each other. Chitosan and starch achieved highest viscosity values at the shear rate of 0.6 s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koseoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey
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Huyskens C, De Wever H, Fovet Y, Wegmann U, Diels L, Lenaerts S. Screening of novel MBR fouling reducers: Benchmarking with known fouling reducers and evaluation of their mechanism of action. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Akamatsu K, Yoshida Y, Suzaki T, Sakai Y, Nagamoto H, Nakao SI. Development of a membrane–carbon cloth assembly for submerged membrane bioreactors to apply an intermittent electric field for fouling suppression. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Antifouling enhancement of poly(vinylidene fluoride) microfiltration membrane by adding Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Koseoglu-Imer DY, Dizge N, Karagunduz A, Keskinler B. Influence of membrane fouling reducers (MFRs) on filterability of disperse mixed liquor of jet loop bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:6843-6849. [PMID: 21536431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of membrane fouling reducers (MFRs) (the cationic polyelectrolyte (CPE) and FeCI(3)) on membrane fouling were studied in a lab-scale jet loop submerged membrane bioreactor (JL-SMBR) system. The optimum dosages of MFRs (CPE dosage=20 mg g(-1)MLSS, FeCI(3) dosage=14 mg g(-1)MLSS) were continuously fed to JL-SMBR system. The soluble and bound EPS concentrations as well as MLSS concentration in the mixed liquor of JL-SMBR were not changed substantially by the addition of MFRs. However, significant differences were observed in particle size and relative hydrophobicity. Filtration tests were performed by using different membrane types (polycarbonate (PC) and nitrocellulose mixed ester (ME)) and various pore sizes (0.45-0.22-0.1 μm). The steady state fluxes (J(ss)) of membranes increased at all membranes after MFRs addition to JL-SMBR. The filtration results showed that MFRs addition was an effective approach in terms of improvement in filtration performance for both membrane types.
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Determination of MBR fouling and chemical cleaning interval using statistical methods applied on dynamic index data. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Teychene B, Guigui C, Cabassud C. Engineering of an MBR supernatant fouling layer by fine particles addition: a possible way to control cake compressibility. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:2060-2072. [PMID: 21232780 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
For membrane bioreactors (MBR) applied to wastewater treatment membrane fouling is still the prevalent issue. The main limiting phenomena related to fouling is a sudden jump of the transmembrane pressure (TMP) often attributed to the collapse of the fouling layer. Among existing techniques to avoid or to delay this collapse, the addition of active particles membrane fouling reducers (polymer, resins, powdered activated carbon (PAC), zeolithe...) showed promising results. Thus the main objective of this work is to determine if fouling can be reduced by inclusion of inert particles (500 nm and inert compared to other fouling reducers) and which is the impact on filtration performances of the structuring of the fouling. Those particles were chosen for their different surface properties and their capability to form well structured layer. Results, obtained at constant pressure in dead end mode, show that the presence of particles changes foulant deposition and induces non-compressible fouling (in the range of 0.5-1 bar) and higher rejection values compared to filtration done on supernatant alone. Indeed dead end filtration tests show that whatever interactions between biofluid and particles, the addition of particles leads to better filtration performances (in terms of rejection, and fouling layer compressibility). Moreover results confirm the important role played by macromolecular compounds, during supernatant filtration, creating highly compressible and reversible fouling. In conclusion, this study done at lab-scale suggests the potential benefit to engineer fouling structure to control or to delay the collapse of the fouling layer. Finally this study offers the opportunities to enlarge the choice of membrane fouling reducers by taking into consideration their ability to form more consistent fouling (i.e. rigid, structured fouling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Teychene
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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Drews A. Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors—Characterisation, contradictions, cause and cures. J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Meng F, Liao B, Liang S, Yang F, Zhang H, Song L. Morphological visualization, componential characterization and microbiological identification of membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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