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Behrangzade A, Ye SH, Maestas DR, Wagner WR, Vande Geest JP. Improving the hemocompatibility of a porohyperelastic layered vascular graft using luminal reversal microflows. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 157:106638. [PMID: 38996626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Vascular graft thrombosis is a long-standing clinical problem. A myriad of efforts have been devoted to reducing thrombus formation following bypass surgery. Researchers have primarily taken a chemical approach to engineer and modify surfaces, seeking to make them more suitable for blood contacting applications. Using mechanical forces and surface topology to prevent thrombus formation has recently gained more attention. In this study, we have designed a bilayered porous vascular graft capable of repelling platelets and destabilizing absorbed protein layers from the luminal surface. During systole, fluid penetrates through the graft wall and is subsequently ejected from the wall into the luminal space (Luminal Reversal Flow - LRF), pushing platelets away from the surface during diastole. In-vitro hemocompatibility tests were conducted to compare platelet deposition in high LRF grafts with low LRF grafts. Graft material properties were determined and utilized in a porohyperelastic (PHE) finite element model to computationally predict the LRF generation in each graft type. Hemocompatibility testing showed significantly lower platelet deposition values in high versus low LRF generating grafts (median±IQR = 5,708 ± 987 and 23,039 ± 3,310 platelets per mm2, respectively, p=0.032). SEM imaging of the luminal surface of both graft types confirmed the quantitative blood test results. The computational simulations of high and low LRF generating grafts resulted in LRF values of -10.06 μm/s and -2.87 μm/s, respectively. These analyses show that a 250% increase in LRF is associated with a 75.2% decrease in platelet deposition. PHE vascular grafts with high LRF have the potential to improve anti-thrombogenicity and reduce thrombus-related post-procedure complications. Additional research is required to overcome the limitations of current graft fabrication technologies that further enhance LRF generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Behrangzade
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sang-Ho Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - David R Maestas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - William R Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P Vande Geest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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2
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Wang Y, Cheng C, Li S, Sun S, Zhao C. Immobilization of carbonic anhydrase on modified PES membranes for artificial lungs. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2364-2372. [PMID: 38345129 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of carbonic anhydrase (CA) onto an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) membrane can improve the permeability of carbon dioxide (CO2). However, existing CA-grafting methods have limitations, and the hemocompatibility of current substrate membranes of commercial ECMO is not satisfactory. In this study, a 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) activation method is adopted to graft CA with CO2-catalyzed conversion activity onto a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, which is prepared by a phase inversion technique after in situ crosslinking polymerization of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) and acrylic acid (AA) in PES solution. The characterization results reveal that CA has been grafted onto the modified PES membrane successfully and exhibits catalytic activity. The kinetic parameters of esterase activity verify that the grafted amount of active CA increases with an increase in the concentration of the CA incubation solution. The CA-grafted membrane (CA-M) can accelerate the conversion of bicarbonate to CO2 in water and blood, which demonstrates the special catalytic activity towards bicarbonate of CA. Finally, blood compatibility tests prove that the CA-M does not lead to hemolysis, shows suppressed protein adsorption and increased coagulation time, and is suitable for application in ECMO. This work demonstrates a green and efficient method for preparing bioactive materials and has practical guiding significance for subsequent pulmonary membrane research and ECMO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Sichuan University, College Biomedical Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shudong Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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Yuan Y, Shen J, Salmon S. Developing Enzyme Immobilization with Fibrous Membranes: Longevity and Characterization Considerations. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050532. [PMID: 37233593 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous membranes offer broad opportunities to deploy immobilized enzymes in new reactor and application designs, including multiphase continuous flow-through reactions. Enzyme immobilization is a technology strategy that simplifies the separation of otherwise soluble catalytic proteins from liquid reaction media and imparts stabilization and performance enhancement. Flexible immobilization matrices made from fibers have versatile physical attributes, such as high surface area, light weight, and controllable porosity, which give them membrane-like characteristics, while simultaneously providing good mechanical properties for creating functional filters, sensors, scaffolds, and other interface-active biocatalytic materials. This review examines immobilization strategies for enzymes on fibrous membrane-like polymeric supports involving all three fundamental mechanisms of post-immobilization, incorporation, and coating. Post-immobilization offers an infinite selection of matrix materials, but may encounter loading and durability issues, while incorporation offers longevity but has more limited material options and may present mass transfer obstacles. Coating techniques on fibrous materials at different geometric scales are a growing trend in making membranes that integrate biocatalytic functionality with versatile physical supports. Biocatalytic performance parameters and characterization techniques for immobilized enzymes are described, including several emerging techniques of special relevance for fibrous immobilized enzymes. Diverse application examples from the literature, focusing on fibrous matrices, are summarized, and biocatalyst longevity is emphasized as a critical performance parameter that needs increased attention to advance concepts from lab scale to broader utilization. This consolidation of fabrication, performance measurement, and characterization techniques, with guiding examples highlighted, is intended to inspire future innovations in enzyme immobilization with fibrous membranes and expand their uses in novel reactors and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jialong Shen
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sonja Salmon
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Shen J, Salmon S. Biocatalytic Membranes for Carbon Capture and Utilization. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13040367. [PMID: 37103794 PMCID: PMC10146961 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Innovative carbon capture technologies that capture CO2 from large point sources and directly from air are urgently needed to combat the climate crisis. Likewise, corresponding technologies are needed to convert this captured CO2 into valuable chemical feedstocks and products that replace current fossil-based materials to close the loop in creating viable pathways for a renewable economy. Biocatalytic membranes that combine high reaction rates and enzyme selectivity with modularity, scalability, and membrane compactness show promise for both CO2 capture and utilization. This review presents a systematic examination of technologies under development for CO2 capture and utilization that employ both enzymes and membranes. CO2 capture membranes are categorized by their mode of action as CO2 separation membranes, including mixed matrix membranes (MMM) and liquid membranes (LM), or as CO2 gas-liquid membrane contactors (GLMC). Because they selectively catalyze molecular reactions involving CO2, the two main classes of enzymes used for enhancing membrane function are carbonic anhydrase (CA) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH). Small organic molecules designed to mimic CA enzyme active sites are also being developed. CO2 conversion membranes are described according to membrane functionality, the location of enzymes relative to the membrane, which includes different immobilization strategies, and regeneration methods for cofactors. Parameters crucial for the performance of these hybrid systems are discussed with tabulated examples. Progress and challenges are discussed, and perspectives on future research directions are provided.
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Yuan Y, Wang F, Li H, Su S, Gao H, Han X, Ren S. Potential application of the immobilization of carbonic anhydrase based on metal organic framework supports. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Rasouli H, Nguyen K, Iliuta MC. Recent advancements in carbonic anhydrase immobilization and its implementation in CO2 capture technologies: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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RASOULI H, ILIUTA I, BOUGIE F, GARNIER A, ILIUTA MC. Hybrid enzymatic CO2 capture process in intensified flat sheet membrane contactors with immobilized carbonic anhydrase. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zanella A, Pesenti A, Busana M, De Falco S, Di Girolamo L, Scotti E, Protti I, Colombo SM, Scaravilli V, Biancolilli O, Carlin A, Gori F, Battistin M, Dondossola D, Pirrone F, Salerno D, Gatti S, Grasselli G. A Minimally Invasive and Highly Effective Extracorporeal CO2 Removal Device Combined With a Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:e468-e476. [PMID: 35044966 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is used to treat patients suffering from acute respiratory failure. However, the procedure is hampered by the high blood flow required to achieve a significant CO2 clearance. We aimed to develop an ultralow blood flow device to effectively remove CO2 combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). DESIGN Preclinical, proof-of-concept study. SETTING An extracorporeal circuit where 200 mL/min of blood flowed through a hemofilter connected to a closed-loop dialysate circuit. An ion-exchange resin acidified the dialysate upstream, a membrane lung to increase Pco2 and promote CO2 removal. PATIENTS Six, 38.7 ± 2.0-kg female pigs. INTERVENTIONS Different levels of acidification were tested (from 0 to 5 mEq/min). Two l/hr of postdilution CRRT were performed continuously. The respiratory rate was modified at each step to maintain arterial Pco2 at 50 mm Hg. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Increasing acidification enhanced CO2 removal efficiency of the membrane lung from 30 ± 5 (0 mEq/min) up to 145 ± 8 mL/min (5 mEq/min), with a 483% increase, representing the 73% ± 7% of the total body CO2 production. Minute ventilation decreased accordingly from 6.5 ± 0.7 to 1.7 ± 0.5 L/min. No major side effects occurred, except for transient tachycardia episodes. As expected from the alveolar gas equation, the natural lung Pao2 dropped at increasing acidification steps, given the high dissociation between the oxygenation and CO2 removal capability of the device, thus Pao2 decreased. CONCLUSIONS This new extracorporeal ion-exchange resin-based multiple-organ support device proved extremely high efficiency in CO2 removal and continuous renal support in a preclinical setting. Further studies are required before clinical implementation.
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Urinary Proteomics of Simulated Firefighting Tasks and Its Relation to Fitness Parameters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010618. [PMID: 34682364 PMCID: PMC8536002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Firefighting rescues are high-hazard activities accompanied by uncertainty, urgency, and complexity. Knowledge of the metabolic characteristics during firefighting rescues is of great value. The purpose of this study was to explore the firefighting-induced physiological responses in greater depth. The urine samples of ten firefighters were collected before and after the simulated firefighting, and the proteins in urine samples were identified by the liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Blood lactate and heart rate were measured. There were 360 proteins up-regulated and 265 proteins downregulated after this simulated firefighting. Changes in protein expression were significantly related to acute inflammatory responses, immune responses, complement activation, and oxidative stress. Beta-2-microglobulin (r = 0.76, p < 0.05) and von Willebrand factors (r = 0.81, p < 0.01) were positively correlated with heart rate during simulated firefighting, and carbonic anhydrase 1 (r = 0.67, p < 0.05) were positively correlated with blood lactate after simulated firefighting. These results illustrated that Beta-2-microglobulin, von Willebrand, and carbonic anhydrase 1 could be regarded as important indicators to evaluate exercise intensity for firefighters.
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Ayub M, Othman MHD, Kadir SHSA, Ali A, Khan IU, Yusop MZM, Matsuura T, Fauzi Ismail A, A. Rahman M, Jaafar J. Research and Development Journey and Future Trends of Hollow Fiber Membranes for Purification Applications (1970-2020): A Bibliometric Analysis. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080600. [PMID: 34436363 PMCID: PMC8400483 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fiber membrane (HFM) technology has received significant attention due to its broad range separation and purification applications in the industry. In the current study, we applied bibliometric analysis to evaluate the global research trends on key applications of HFMs by evaluating the global publication outputs. Results obtained from 5626 published articles (1970-2020) from the Scopus database were further manipulated using VOSviewer software through cartography analysis. The study emphasizes the performance of most influential annual publications covering mainstream journals, leading countries, institutions, leading authors and author's keywords, as well as future research trends. The study found that 62% of the global HFM publications were contributed by China, USA, Singapore, Japan and Malaysia, followed by 77 other countries. This study will stimulate the researchers by showing the future-minded research directions when they select new research areas, particularly in those related to water treatment, biomedical and gas separation applications of HFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayub
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (M.Z.M.Y.); (A.F.I.); (M.A.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (M.Z.M.Y.); (A.F.I.); (M.A.R.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.D.O.); (S.H.S.A.K.)
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.H.D.O.); (S.H.S.A.K.)
| | - Adnan Ali
- Azman Hashim International Business School (AHIBS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- Department of Management Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper 18050, Khyber Pakhtunkkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences & Technology (PAF:IAST), Khanpur Road, Mang, Haripur 22650, Pakistan;
| | - Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (M.Z.M.Y.); (A.F.I.); (M.A.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Takeshi Matsuura
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (M.Z.M.Y.); (A.F.I.); (M.A.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Mukhlis A. Rahman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (M.Z.M.Y.); (A.F.I.); (M.A.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (M.Z.M.Y.); (A.F.I.); (M.A.R.); (J.J.)
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Applying a Hydrophilic Modified Hollow Fiber Membrane to Reduce Fouling in Artificial Lungs. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8080113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranes for use in high gas exchange lung applications are riddled with fouling. The goal of this research is to create a membrane that can function in an artificial lung until the actual lung becomes available for the patient. The design of the artificial lung is based on new hollow fiber membranes (HFMs), due to which the current devices have short and limited periods of low fouling. By successfully modifying membranes with attached peptoids, low fouling can be achieved for longer periods of time. Hydrophilic modification of porous polysulfone (PSF) membranes can be achieved gradually by polydopamine (PSU-PDA) and peptoid (PSU-PDA-NMEG5). Polysulfone (PSU-BSA-35Mg), polysulfone polydopamine (PSUPDA-BSA-35Mg) and polysulfone polydopamine peptoid (PSU-PDA-NMEG5-BSA35Mg) were tested by potting into the new design of gas exchange modules. Both surfaces of the modified membranes were found to be highly resistant to protein fouling permanently. The use of different peptoids can facilitate optimization of the low fouling on the membrane surface, thereby allowing membranes to be run for significantly longer time periods than has been currently achieved.
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Respiratory Dialysis-A Novel Low Bicarbonate Dialysate to Provide Extracorporeal CO2 Removal. Crit Care Med 2021; 48:e592-e598. [PMID: 32304418 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We designed a novel respiratory dialysis system to remove CO2 from blood in the form of bicarbonate. We aimed to determine if our respiratory dialysis system removes CO2 at rates comparable to low-flow extracorporeal CO2 removal devices (blood flow < 500 mL/min) in a large animal model. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Female Yorkshire pigs. INTERVENTIONS Five bicarbonate dialysis experiments were performed. Hypercapnia (PCO2 90-100 mm Hg) was established in mechanically ventilated swine by adjusting the tidal volume. Dialysis was then performed with a novel low bicarbonate dialysate. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We measured electrolytes, blood gases, and plasma-free hemoglobin in arterial blood, as well as blood entering and exiting the dialyzer. We used a physical-chemical acid-base model to understand the factors influencing blood pH after bicarbonate removal. During dialysis, we removed 101 (±13) mL/min of CO2 (59 mL/min when normalized to venous PCO2 of 45 mm Hg), corresponding to a 29% reduction in PaCO2 (104.0 ± 8.1 vs 74.2 ± 8.4 mm Hg; p < 0.001). Minute ventilation and body temperature were unchanged during dialysis (1.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.1 ± 0.4 L/min; p = 1.0 and 35.3°C ± 0.9 vs 35.2°C ± 0.6; p = 1.0). Arterial pH increased after bicarbonate removal (7.13 ± 0.04 vs 7.21 ± 0.05; p < 0.001) despite no attempt to realkalinize the blood. Our modeling showed that dialysate electrolyte composition, plasma albumin, and plasma total CO2 accurately predict the measured pH of blood exiting the dialyser. However, the final effluent dose exceeded conventional doses, depleting plasma glucose and electrolytes, such as potassium and phosphate. CONCLUSIONS Bicarbonate dialysis results in CO2 removal at rates comparable with existing low-flow extracorporeal CO2 removal in a large animal model, but the final dialysis dose delivered needs to be reduced before the technique can be used for prolonged periods.
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He T, He J, Wang Z, Cui Z. Modification strategies to improve the membrane hemocompatibility in extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO). ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS 2021; 4:847-864. [PMID: 33969267 PMCID: PMC8091652 DOI: 10.1007/s42114-021-00244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Since extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) has been utilized to save countless lives by providing continuous extracorporeal breathing and circulation to patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure. In particular, it has played an important role during the COVID-19 epidemic. One of the important composites of ECMO is membrane oxygenator, and the core composite of the membrane oxygenator is hollow fiber membrane, which is not only a place for blood oxygenation, but also is a barrier between the blood and gas side. However, the formation of blood clots in the oxygenator is a key problem in the using process. According to the study of the mechanism of thrombosis generation, it was found that improving the hemocompatibility is an efficient approach to reduce thrombus formation by modifying the surface of materials. In this review, the corresponding modification methods (surface property regulation, anticoagulant grafting, and bio-interface design) of hollow fiber membranes in ECMO are classified and discussed, and then, the research status and development prospects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui He
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoliang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
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14
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Immobilization of carbonic anhydrase for CO2 capture and its industrial implementation: A review. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Ficial B, Vasques F, Zhang J, Whebell S, Slattery M, Lamas T, Daly K, Agnew N, Camporota L. Physiological Basis of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal in Respiratory Failure. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:225. [PMID: 33810130 PMCID: PMC8004966 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for severe respiratory failure has seen an exponential growth in recent years. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) represent two modalities that can provide full or partial support of the native lung function, when mechanical ventilation is either unable to achieve sufficient gas exchange to meet metabolic demands, or when its intensity is considered injurious. While the use of ECMO has defined indications in clinical practice, ECCO2R remains a promising technique, whose safety and efficacy are still being investigated. Understanding the physiological principles of gas exchange during respiratory ECLS and the interactions with native gas exchange and haemodynamics are essential for the safe applications of these techniques in clinical practice. In this review, we will present the physiological basis of gas exchange in ECMO and ECCO2R, and the implications of their interaction with native lung function. We will also discuss the rationale for their use in clinical practice, their current advances, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ficial
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (B.F.); (F.V.); (J.Z.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Francesco Vasques
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (B.F.); (F.V.); (J.Z.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Joe Zhang
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (B.F.); (F.V.); (J.Z.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Stephen Whebell
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (B.F.); (F.V.); (J.Z.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Michael Slattery
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (B.F.); (F.V.); (J.Z.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Tomas Lamas
- Department of Critical Care, Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente, Egas Moniz Hospital, Rua da Junqueira 126, 1300-019 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Kathleen Daly
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (B.F.); (F.V.); (J.Z.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Nicola Agnew
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (B.F.); (F.V.); (J.Z.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Luigi Camporota
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (B.F.); (F.V.); (J.Z.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (N.A.)
- Division of Centre of Human Applied Physiological Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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16
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Verma M, Bhaduri GA, Phani Kumar VS, Deshpande PA. Biomimetic Catalysis of CO 2 Hydration: A Materials Perspective. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manju Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Gaurav A. Bhaduri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - V. Sai Phani Kumar
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Parag A. Deshpande
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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Lukitsch B, Ecker P, Elenkov M, Janeczek C, Jordan C, Krenn CG, Ullrich R, Gfoehler M, Harasek M. Suitable CO 2 Solubility Models for Determination of the CO 2 Removal Performance of Oxygenators. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8030033. [PMID: 33801555 PMCID: PMC8000709 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 removal via membrane oxygenators during lung protective ventilation has become a reliable clinical technique. For further optimization of oxygenators, accurate prediction of the CO2 removal rate is necessary. It can either be determined by measuring the CO2 content in the exhaust gas of the oxygenator (sweep flow-based) or using blood gas analyzer data and a CO2 solubility model (blood-based). In this study, we determined the CO2 removal rate of a prototype oxygenator utilizing both methods in in vitro trials with bovine and in vivo trials with porcine blood. While the sweep flow-based method is reliably accurate, the blood-based method depends on the accuracy of the solubility model. In this work, we quantified performances of four different solubility models by calculating the deviation of the CO2 removal rates determined by both methods. Obtained data suggest that the simplest model (Loeppky) performs better than the more complex ones (May, Siggaard-Anderson, and Zierenberg). The models of May, Siggaard-Anderson, and Zierenberg show a significantly better performance for in vitro bovine blood data than for in vivo porcine blood data. Furthermore, the suitability of the Loeppky model parameters for bovine blood (in vitro) and porcine blood (in vivo) is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lukitsch
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.E.); (C.J.); (M.H.)
- CCORE Technology GmbH, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.E.); (C.J.); (C.G.K.); (R.U.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul Ecker
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.E.); (C.J.); (M.H.)
- CCORE Technology GmbH, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.E.); (C.J.); (C.G.K.); (R.U.)
- Institute of Engineering Design and Product Development, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Martin Elenkov
- CCORE Technology GmbH, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.E.); (C.J.); (C.G.K.); (R.U.)
- Institute of Engineering Design and Product Development, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christoph Janeczek
- CCORE Technology GmbH, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.E.); (C.J.); (C.G.K.); (R.U.)
- Institute of Engineering Design and Product Development, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christian Jordan
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.E.); (C.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Claus G. Krenn
- CCORE Technology GmbH, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.E.); (C.J.); (C.G.K.); (R.U.)
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Ullrich
- CCORE Technology GmbH, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.E.); (C.J.); (C.G.K.); (R.U.)
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Gfoehler
- Institute of Engineering Design and Product Development, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Harasek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.E.); (C.J.); (M.H.)
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18
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Control for Carbon Dioxide Exchange Process in a Membrane Oxygenator Using Online Self-Tuning Fuzzy-PID Controller. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Ren S, Jiang S, Yan X, Chen R, Cui H. Challenges and Opportunities: Porous Supports in Carbonic Anhydrase Immobilization. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Zhao CP, Yin SJ, Chen GY, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhao J, Yang FQ. Adsorbed hollow fiber immobilized tyrosinase for the screening of enzyme inhibitors from Pueraria lobata extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113743. [PMID: 33221573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a method based on adsorbed hollow fiber immobilized tyrosinase (TYR) was developed to screening potential TYR inhibitors from Pueraria lobate extract. Kojic acid and ranitidine were used as positive and negative control to verify the reliability of the proposed method, respectively. Several significant parameters of the screening process, including the amount of P. lobata extract, adsorption time and incubation time, were optimized. After investigating the repeatability of the developed method, seven potential active compounds in P. lobata extract were successfully detected and their chemical structures were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of four identified compounds on TYR was tested in vitro, and three of them, namely, puerarin, puerarin-6″-O-xyloside and puerarin apioside were verified to have good TYR inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 478.5, 513.8, and 877.3 μM, respectively. In addition, the molecular docking results indicated that these compounds could bind to the amino acid residues in TYR catalytic pocket. These results proved that the proposed method is a feasible approach for screening of TYR inhibitors from plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Peng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Guo-Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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21
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Redant S, De Bels D, Barbance O, Loulidi G, Honoré PM. Extracorporeal CO2 Removal Integrated within a Continuous Renal Replacement Circuit Offers Multiple Advantages. Blood Purif 2020; 50:9-16. [PMID: 32585671 DOI: 10.1159/000507875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal CO2 removal within a continuous renal replacement therapy circuit offers multiple advantages for the regulation of the CO2 extraction. The authors review the impact of the dialysate solution, the buffer, and the anticoagulation on CO2 removal. They propose a theoretical model of the ideal circuit for the optimization of CO2 extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Redant
- ICU Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium,
| | - David De Bels
- ICU Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oceane Barbance
- ICU Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ghalil Loulidi
- ICU Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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A Proof of Concept Study, Demonstrating Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal Using Hemodialysis with a Low Bicarbonate Dialysate. ASAIO J 2020; 65:605-613. [PMID: 30281542 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) devices remove CO2 directly from blood, facilitating ultraprotective ventilation or even providing an alternative to mechanical ventilation. However, ECCO2R is not widely available, whereas dialysis is available in most intensive care units (ICUs). Prior attempts to provide ECCO2R with dialysis, by removing CO2 in the form of bicarbonate, have been plagued by metabolic acidosis. We hypothesized that bicarbonate dialysis is feasible, provided the plasma strong ion difference is maintained. We used a mathematical model to investigate the effects of bicarbonate removal on pH and CO2 in plasma, and performed in-vitro experiments to test CO2 removal using three dialysates with different bicarbonate concentrations (0, 16, and 32 mmol·L). Our modeling predicted a reduction in partial pressures of CO2 (PCO2) and increased pH with progressive lowering of plasma bicarbonate, provided strong ion difference and plasma proteins (Atot) were maintained. In our in-vitro experiments, total CO2 removal, scaled up to an adult size filter, was highest with our dialysate containing no bicarbonate, where we removed the equivalent of 94 ml·min (±3.0) of CO2. Under the same conditions, our dialysate containing a conventional bicarbonate concentration (32 mmol·L) only removed 5 ml·min (±4; p < 0.001). As predicted, pH increased following bicarbonate removal. Our data show that dialysis using low bicarbonate dialysates is feasible and results in a reduction in plasma PCO2. When scaled up, to estimate equivalent CO2 removal with an adult dialysis circuit, the amount removed competes with existing low-flow ECCO2R devices.
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23
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Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for lowering the risk of mechanical ventilation: research questions and clinical potential for the future. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2019; 6:874-884. [PMID: 30484429 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As a result of technical improvements, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) now has the potential to play an important role in the management of adults with acute respiratory failure. There is growing interest in the use of ECCO2R for the management of both hypoxaemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. However, evidence to support its use is scarce and several questions remain about the best way to implement this therapy, which can be associated with serious side-effects. This Review reflects the consensus opinion of an international group of clinician scientists with expertise in managing acute respiratory failure and in using ECCO2R therapies in this setting. We concisely review clinically relevant aspects of ECCO2R, and provide a series of recommendations for clinical practice and future research, covering topics that include the practicalities of ECCO2R delivery, indications for use, and service delivery.
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24
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Tabesh H, Gholami MH, Torabi D, Mottaghy K. A pH‐based experimental method for carbon dioxide exchange evaluation in cylindrical hollow fiber membrane oxygenators. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Tabesh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Gholami
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Dorsa Torabi
- Department of VirologyPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringIran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Khosrow Mottaghy
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
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25
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Malkin AD, Ye SH, Lee EJ, Yang X, Zhu Y, Gamble LJ, Federspiel WJ, Wagner WR. Development of zwitterionic sulfobetaine block copolymer conjugation strategies for reduced platelet deposition in respiratory assist devices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 106:2681-2692. [PMID: 29424964 PMCID: PMC6085169 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory assist devices, that utilize ∼2 m2 of hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) to achieve desired gas transfer rates, have been limited in their adoption due to such blood biocompatibility limitations. This study reports two techniques for the functionalization and subsequent conjugation of zwitterionic sulfobetaine (SB) block copolymers to polymethylpentene (PMP) HFM surfaces with the intention of reducing thrombus formation in respiratory assist devices. Amine or hydroxyl functionalization of PMP HFMs (PMP-A or PMP-H) was accomplished using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The generated functional groups were conjugated to low molecular weight SB block copolymers with N-hydroxysuccinimide ester or siloxane groups (SBNHS or SBNHSi) that were synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The modified HFMs (PMP-A-SBNHS or PMP-H-SBNHSi) showed 80-95% reduction in platelet deposition from whole ovine blood, stability under the fluid shear of anticipated operating conditions, and uninhibited gas exchange performance relative to non-modified HFMs (PMP-C). Additionally, the functionalization and SBNHSi conjugation technique was shown to reduce platelet deposition on polycarbonate and poly(vinyl chloride), two other materials commonly found in extracorporeal circuits. The observed thromboresistance and stability of the SB modified surfaces, without degradation of HFM gas transfer performance, indicate that this approach is promising for longer term pre-clinical testing in respiratory assist devices and may ultimately allow for the reduction of anticoagulation levels in patients being supported for extended periods. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2681-2692, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Malkin
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Sang-Ho Ye
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Evan J. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Xiguang Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Yang Zhu
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Lara J. Gamble
- Department of Bioengineering and NESAC/BIO, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - William J. Federspiel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - William R. Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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26
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Intermittent extracorporeal CO2 removal in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a fiction or an option. Curr Opin Crit Care 2018; 24:29-34. [PMID: 29135616 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aim of this article is to review evidence recently generated on the application of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring mechanical ventilation (invasive and non invasive) for hypercapnic respiratory failure. RECENT FINDINGS To date, the paucity of evidences on ECCO2R to decrease the rate of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure and to wean hypercapnic patients from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) precludes to systematically apply this technology to COPD patients. SUMMARY Although several efforts have been made to reduce invasiveness and to improve the efficiency of extracorporeal systems, further randomized studies are needed to assess the effects of this technique on both short-term and long-term clinical outcomes.
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27
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The effects of musical auditory stimulation on cardiorespiratory variables after aerobic exercise. Sci Sports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hydration/dehydration of CO2 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) is a crucial physiological reaction for the survival of all living organisms because it is connected with numerous biosynthetic and biochemical pathways requiring CO2 or HCO3-, such as respiration, photosynthesis, carboxylation reactions, pH homeostasis, secretion of electrolytes, transport of CO2, bicarbonate, etc. AREAS COVERED The bacterial genome encodes CAs belonging to the α-, β-, and γ-CA classes able to ensure the survival and/or satisfying the metabolic needs of the bacteria, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The discovery of new anti-infectives that target new bacterial pathways, such as those involving CAs, may lead to effective therapies against diseases subject to the antibiotic resistance. This aspect is important in pharmaceutical and biomedical research but received little attention till recently. EXPERT OPINION An overview of the potential use of CAs in biomedical applications, as drug targets, bioindicators, and within artificial organs is presented. The discovery of thermostable bacterial CAs allowed the use of CAs in biotechnological applications, but patents related to the use of bacterial CAs in the development of pharmacological agents are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
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Hachim D, Brown BN. Surface modification of polypropylene for enhanced layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2078-2085. [PMID: 29569359 PMCID: PMC5980743 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have performed three distinct plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition procedures that can be widely and consistently used in commercially available plasma systems to modify the surface of hydrocarbon-based biomaterials such as polypropylene. In particular, we have evaluated the feasibility of these procedures to provide consistent and stable charged substrates to perform layer-by-layer (LbL) coatings. Surface characterization of both plasma and LbL coatings were done using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and surface staining. Results showed successful surface grafting of functional groups in all plasma procedures that led to increased hydrophilicity and uniform LbL coatings with different efficiencies. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2078-2085, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hachim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Bryan N. Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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30
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Harter TS, May AG, Federspiel WJ, Supuran CT, Brauner CJ. Time course of red blood cell intracellular pH recovery following short-circuiting in relation to venous transit times in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R397-R407. [PMID: 29641235 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00062.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence is highlighting the importance of a system of enhanced hemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) unloading for cardiovascular O2 transport in teleosts. Adrenergically stimulated sodium-proton exchangers (β-NHE) create H+ gradients across the red blood cell (RBC) membrane that are short-circuited in the presence of plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (paCA) at the tissues; the result is a large arterial-venous pH shift that greatly enhances O2 unloading from pH-sensitive Hb. However, RBC intracellular pH (pHi) must recover during venous transit (31-90 s) to enable O2 loading at the gills. The halftimes ( t1/2) and magnitudes of RBC β-adrenergic stimulation, short-circuiting with paCA and recovery of RBC pHi, were assessed in vitro, on rainbow trout whole blood, and using changes in closed-system partial pressure of O2 as a sensitive indicator for changes in RBC pHi. In addition, the recovery rate of RBC pHi was assessed in a continuous-flow apparatus that more closely mimics RBC transit through the circulation. Results indicate that: 1) the t1/2 of β-NHE short-circuiting is likely within the residence time of blood in the capillaries, 2) the t1/2 of RBC pHi recovery is 17 s and within the time of RBC venous transit, and 3) after short-circuiting, RBCs reestablish the initial H+ gradient across the membrane and can potentially undergo repeated cycles of short-circuiting and recovery. Thus, teleosts have evolved a system that greatly enhances O2 unloading from pH-sensitive Hb at the tissues, while protecting O2 loading at the gills; the resulting increase in O2 transport per unit of blood flow may enable the tremendous athletic ability of salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Harter
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Alexandra G May
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William J Federspiel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,ALung Technologies, Inc. , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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31
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The Evolution of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Adult Respiratory Failure. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15:S57-S60. [DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201705-386kv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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32
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Sun J, Wei L, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Liu W. Immobilization of carbonic anhydrase on polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:362-371. [PMID: 29222863 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in CO2 removal has attracted great interest. However, obtaining high enzyme recovery activity is difficult in existing immobilization techniques. In this work, water plasma-treated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were modified via 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH550) or γ-(2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane (KH560), and then CA was attached. The immobilization process was optimized, and the catalytic properties of PVDF-attached CA were characterized. The maximum activity recovery of PVDF-KH550-CA was 60%, whereas that of PVDF-KH560-CA was 33%. The Km values of PVDF-KH550-CA, PVDF-KH560-CA, and free enzyme were 9.97 ± 0.37, 12.5 ± 0.2, and 6.18 ± 0.23 mM, respectively, and their Kcat /Km values were 206 ± 2, 117 ± 5, and 488 ± 4 M-1 ·Sec-1 . PVDF-attached CA shows excellent storage stability and reusability, and their half-life values were 82 and 78 days at 4 °C. At 25 °C, they were 50 and 37 days, respectively. PVDF-KH550-CA and PVDF-KH560-CA retained approximately 85% and 72% of the initial activity after undergoing 10 cycles. In the presence of them, the generation rates of CaCO3 were 76% and 65% of the free CA system, which were 1.6 and 1.3 times that of the blank system, respectively. Its role in accelerating CO2 sequestration holds great promise for its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Effect of enzyme concentration and temperature on the immobilization of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) on hollow fiber membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Harter TS, Brauner CJ, Matthews PGD. A novel technique for the precise measurement of CO 2 production rate in small aquatic organisms as validated on aeshnid dragonfly nymphs. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:964-968. [PMID: 28082613 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.150235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes and validates a novel yet simple system for simultaneous in vivo measurements of rates of aquatic CO2 production (ṀCO2 ) and oxygen consumption (ṀO2 ), thus allowing the calculation of respiratory exchange ratios (RER). Diffusion of CO2 from the aquatic phase into a gas phase, across a hollow fibre membrane, enabled aquatic ṀCO2 measurements with a high-precision infrared gas CO2 analyser. ṀO2 was measured with a PO2 optode using a stop-flow approach. Injections of known amounts of CO2 into the apparatus yielded accurate and highly reproducible measurements of CO2 content (R2=0.997, P<0.001). The viability of in vivo measurements was demonstrated on aquatic dragonfly nymphs (Aeshnidae; wet mass 2.17 mg-1.46 g, n=15) and the apparatus produced precise ṀCO2 (R2=0.967, P<0.001) and ṀO2 (R2=0.957, P<0.001) measurements; average RER was 0.73±0.06. The described system is scalable, offering great potential for the study of a wide range of aquatic species, including fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Harter
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Philip G D Matthews
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
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Hou J, Zulkifli MY, Mohammad M, Zhang Y, Razmjou A, Chen V. Biocatalytic gas-liquid membrane contactors for CO2 hydration with immobilized carbonic anhydrase. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zheng Z, Wang W, Huang X, Lv Q, Fan W, Yu W, Li L, Zhang Z. Fabrication, Characterization, and Hemocompatibility Investigation of Polysulfone Grafted With Polyethylene Glycol and Heparin Used in Membrane Oxygenators. Artif Organs 2016; 40:E219-E229. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University
| | - Quan Lv
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University
| | - Wenling Fan
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Medical School; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University
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Huang X, Wang W, Zheng Z, Wang X, Shi J, Fan W, Li L, Zhang Z. Dissipative particle dynamics study and experimental verification on the pore morphologies and diffusivity of the poly (4-methyl-1-pentene)-diluent system via thermally induced phase separation: The effect of diluent and polymer concentration. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Yong JK, Stevens GW, Caruso F, Kentish SE. In situ layer-by-layer assembled carbonic anhydrase-coated hollow fiber membrane contactor for rapid CO2 absorption. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Zhao S, Feron PH, Deng L, Favre E, Chabanon E, Yan S, Hou J, Chen V, Qi H. Status and progress of membrane contactors in post-combustion carbon capture: A state-of-the-art review of new developments. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Manap HH, Abdul Wahab AK. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO 2R) in respiratory deficiency and current investigations on its improvement: a review. J Artif Organs 2016; 20:8-17. [PMID: 27193131 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-016-0905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) as one of the extracorporeal life support system is getting more attention today. Thus, the objectives of this paper are to study the clinical practice of commercial ECCO2R system, current trend of its development and also the perspective on future improvement that can be done to the existing ECCO2R system. The strength of this article lies in its review scope, which focuses on the commercial ECCO2R therapy in the market based on membrane lung and current investigation to improve the efficiency of the ECCO2R system, in terms of surface modification by carbonic anhydrase (CA) immobilization technique and respiratory electrodialysis (R-ED). Our methodology approach involves the identification of relevant published literature from PubMed and Web of Sciences search engine using the terms Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal (ECCO2R), Extracorporeal life support, by combining terms between ECCO2R and CA and also ECCO2R with R-ED. This identification only limits articles in English language. Overall, several commercial ECCO2R systems are known and proven safe to be used in patients in terms of efficiency, safety and risk of complication. In addition, CA-modified hollow fiber for membrane lung and R-ED are proven to have good potential to be applied in conventional ECCO2R design. The detailed technique and current progress on CA immobilization and R-ED development were also reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Hazfiza Manap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khairi Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Centre for Separation Science and Technology (CSST), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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41
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Moerer O, Brodie D, Quintel M. Low-Flow Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal. Moving Closer to Reality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:651-2. [PMID: 26371808 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201506-1181ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Onnen Moerer
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Georg-August-University Goettingen Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Brodie
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, New York
| | - Michael Quintel
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Georg-August-University Goettingen Goettingen, Germany
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Arazawa DT, Kimmel JD, Finn MC, Federspiel WJ. Acidic sweep gas with carbonic anhydrase coated hollow fiber membranes synergistically accelerates CO2 removal from blood. Acta Biomater 2015; 25:143-9. [PMID: 26159104 PMCID: PMC4562859 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) is well established as a therapy for patients suffering from acute respiratory failure. Development of next generation low blood flow (<500 mL/min) ECCO2R devices necessitates more efficient gas exchange devices. Since over 90% of blood CO2 is transported as bicarbonate (HCO3(-)), we previously reported development of a carbonic anhydrase (CA) immobilized bioactive hollow fiber membrane (HFM) which significantly accelerates CO2 removal from blood in model gas exchange devices by converting bicarbonate to CO2 directly at the HFM surface. This present study tested the hypothesis that dilute sulfur dioxide (SO2) in oxygen sweep gas could further increase CO2 removal by creating an acidic microenvironment within the diffusional boundary layer adjacent to the HFM surface, facilitating dehydration of bicarbonate to CO2. CA was covalently immobilized onto poly (methyl pentene) (PMP) HFMs through glutaraldehyde activated chitosan spacers, potted in model gas exchange devices (0.0151 m(2)) and tested for CO2 removal rate with oxygen (O2) sweep gas and a 2.2% SO2 in oxygen sweep gas mixture. Using pure O2 sweep gas, CA-PMP increased CO2 removal by 31% (258 mL/min/m(2)) compared to PMP (197 mL/min/m(2)) (P<0.05). Using 2.2% SO2 acidic sweep gas increased PMP CO2 removal by 17% (230 mL/min/m(2)) compared to pure oxygen sweep gas control (P<0.05); device outlet blood pH was 7.38 units. When employing both CA-PMP and 2.2% SO2 sweep gas, CO2 removal increased by 109% (411 mL/min/m(2)) (P<0.05); device outlet blood pH was 7.35 units. Dilute acidic sweep gas increases CO2 removal, and when used in combination with bioactive CA-HFMs has a synergistic effect to more than double CO2 removal while maintaining physiologic pH. Through these technologies the next generation of intravascular and paracorporeal respiratory assist devices can remove more CO2 with smaller blood contacting surface areas. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A clinical need exists for more efficient respiratory assist devices which utilize low blood flow rates (<500 mL/min) to regulate blood CO2 in patients suffering from acute lung failure. Literature has demonstrated approaches to chemically increase hollow fiber membrane (HFM) CO2 removal efficiency by shifting equilibrium from bicarbonate to gaseous CO2, through either a bioactive carbonic anhydrase enzyme coating or bulk blood acidification with lactic acid. In this study we demonstrate a novel approach to local blood acidification using an acidified sweep gas in combination with a bioactive coating to more than double CO2 removal efficiency of HFM devices. To our knowledge, this is the first report assessing an acidic sweep gas to increase CO2 removal from blood using HFM devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Arazawa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J D Kimmel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M C Finn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - W J Federspiel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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43
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Yong JKJ, Cui J, Cho KL, Stevens GW, Caruso F, Kentish SE. Surface Engineering of Polypropylene Membranes with Carbonic Anhydrase-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Improved Carbon Dioxide Hydration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6211-9. [PMID: 25984966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a native enzyme that facilitates the hydration of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions. This study reports the fabrication of thin films of active CA enzyme onto a porous membrane substrate using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Deposition of multilayer films consisting of polyelectrolytes and CA was monitored by quartz crystal microgravimetry, while the enzymatic activity was assayed according to the rates of p-nitrophenylacetate (p-NPA) hydrolysis and CO2 hydration. The fabrication of the films onto a nonporous glass substrate showed CO2 hydration rates of 0.52 ± 0.09 μmol cm(-2) min(-1) per layer of bovine CA and 2.6 ± 0.7 μmol cm(-2) min(-1) per layer of a thermostable microbial CA. The fabrication of a multilayer film containing the microbial CA on a porous polypropylene membrane increased the hydration rate to 5.3 ± 0.8 μmol cm(-2) min(-1) per layer of microbial CA. The addition of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a film layer prior to enzyme adsorption was found to increase the activity on the polypropylene membranes even further to a rate of 19 ± 4 μmol cm(-2) min(-1) per layer of microbial CA. The LbL treatment of these membranes increased the mass transfer resistance of the membrane but decreased the likelihood of membrane pore wetting. These results have potential application in the absorption of carbon dioxide from combustion flue gases into aqueous solvents using gas-liquid membrane contactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel K J Yong
- †Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiwei Cui
- §ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kwun Lun Cho
- †Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Geoff W Stevens
- †Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- §ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sandra E Kentish
- †Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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44
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Arazawa DT, Kimmel JD, Federspiel WJ. Kinetics of CO2 exchange with carbonic anhydrase immobilized on fiber membranes in artificial lungs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:193. [PMID: 26032115 PMCID: PMC5973791 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial lung devices comprised of hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) coated with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), accelerate removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from blood for the treatment of acute respiratory failure. While previous work demonstrated CA coatings increase HFM CO2 removal by 115 % in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), testing in blood revealed a 36 % increase compared to unmodified HFMs. In this work, we sought to characterize the CO2 mass transport processes within these biocatalytic devices which impede CA coating efficacy and develop approaches towards improving bioactive HFM efficiency. Aminated HFMs were sequentially reacted with glutaraldehyde (GA), chitosan, GA and afterwards incubated with a CA solution, covalently linking CA to the surface. Bioactive CA-HFMs were potted in model gas exchange devices (0.0119 m(2)) and tested for esterase activity and CO2 removal under various flow rates with PBS, whole blood, and solutions containing individual blood components (plasma albumin, red blood cells or free carbonic anhydrase). Results demonstrated that increasing the immobilized enzyme activity did not significantly impact CO2 removal rate, as the diffusional resistance from the liquid boundary layer is the primary impediment to CO2 transport by both unmodified and bioactive HFMs under clinically relevant conditions. Furthermore, endogenous CA within red blood cells competes with HFM immobilized CA to increase CO2 removal. Based on our findings, we propose a bicarbonate/CO2 disequilibrium hypothesis to describe performance of CA-modified devices in both buffer and blood. Improvement in CO2 removal rates using CA-modified devices in blood may be realized by maximizing bicarbonate/CO2 disequilibrium at the fiber surface via strategies such as blood acidification and active mixing within the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Arazawa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
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45
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Moskovitz Y, Yang H. Modelling of noble anaesthetic gases and high hydrostatic pressure effects in lipid bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2125-2138. [PMID: 25612767 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to study molecular processes that might be responsible for inert gas narcosis and high-pressure nervous syndrome. The classical molecular dynamics trajectories (200 ns) of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayers simulated by the Berger force field were evaluated for water and the atomic distribution of noble gases around DOPC molecules in the pressure range of 1-1000 bar and at a temperature of 310 K. Xenon and argon have been tested as model gases for general anaesthetics, and neon has been investigated for distortions that are potentially responsible for neurological tremors in hyperbaric conditions. The analysis of stacked radial pair distribution functions of DOPC headgroup atoms revealed the explicit solvation potential of the gas molecules, which correlates with their dimensions. The orientational dynamics of water molecules at the biomolecular interface should be considered as an influential factor, while excessive solvation effects appearing in the lumen of membrane-embedded ion channels could be a possible cause of inert gas narcosis. All the noble gases tested exhibit similar order parameter patterns for both DOPC acyl chains, which are opposite of the patterns found for the order parameter curve at high hydrostatic pressures in intact bilayers. This finding supports the 'critical volume' hypothesis of anaesthesia pressure reversal. The irregular lipid headgroup-water boundary observed in DOPC bilayers saturated with neon in the pressure range of 1-100 bar could be associated with the possible manifestation of neurological tremors at the atomic scale. The non-immobiliser neon also demonstrated the highest momentum impact on the normal component of the DOPC diffusion coefficient representing the monolayer undulation rate, which indicates that enhanced diffusivity rather than atomic size is the key factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeny Moskovitz
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA
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46
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Ye SH, Arazawa DT, Zhu Y, Shankarraman V, Malkin AD, Kimmel JD, Gamble LJ, Ishihara K, Federspiel WJ, Wagner WR. Hollow fiber membrane modification with functional zwitterionic macromolecules for improved thromboresistance in artificial lungs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2463-71. [PMID: 25669307 PMCID: PMC4391648 DOI: 10.1021/la504907m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory assist devices seek optimized performance in terms of gas transfer efficiency and thromboresistance to minimize device size and reduce complications associated with inadequate blood biocompatibility. The exchange of gas with blood occurs at the surface of the hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) used in these devices. In this study, three zwitterionic macromolecules were attached to HFM surfaces to putatively improve thromboresistance: (1) carboxyl-functionalized zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (PC) and (2) sulfobetaine (SB) macromolecules (mPC or mSB-COOH) prepared by a simple thiol-ene radical polymerization and (3) a low-molecular weight sulfobetaine (SB)-co-methacrylic acid (MA) block copolymer (SBMAb-COOH) prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Each macromolecule type was covalently immobilized on an aminated commercial HFM (Celg-A) by a condensation reaction, and HFM surface composition changes were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thrombotic deposition on the HFMs was investigated after contact with ovine blood in vitro. The removal of CO2 by the HFMs was also evaluated using a model respiratory assistance device. The HFMs conjugated with zwitterionic macromolecules (Celg-mPC, Celg-mSB, and Celg-SBMAb) showed expected increases in phosphorus or sulfur surface content. Celg-mPC and Celg-SBMAb experienced rates of platelet deposition significantly lower than those of unmodified (Celg-A, >95% reduction) and heparin-coated (>88% reduction) control HFMs. Smaller reductions were seen with Celg-mSB. The CO2 removal rate for Celg-SBMAb HFMs remained comparable to that of Celg-A. In contrast, the rate of removal of CO2 for heparin-coated HFMs was significantly reduced. The results demonstrate a promising approach to modifying HFMs using zwitterionic macromolecules for artificial lung devices with improved thromboresistance without degradation of gas transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Ye
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - David T. Arazawa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Yang Zhu
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Venkat Shankarraman
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Alexander D. Malkin
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Kimmel
- ALung Technologies, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203, United States
| | - Lara J. Gamble
- Department of Bioengineering and NESAC/BIO, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - William J. Federspiel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- ALung Technologies, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203, United States
| | - William R. Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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Zhang W, Hao Z, Chen G, Li J, Li Z, Wang Z, Ren Z. Effect of porosity on mass transfer of gas absorption in a hollow fiber membrane contactor. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jeffries RG, Frankowski BJ, Burgreen GW, Federspiel WJ. Effect of impeller design and spacing on gas exchange in a percutaneous respiratory assist catheter. Artif Organs 2014; 38:1007-17. [PMID: 24749994 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Providing partial respiratory assistance by removing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) can improve clinical outcomes in patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome. An intravenous respiratory assist device with a small (25 Fr) insertion diameter eliminates the complexity and potential complications associated with external blood circuitry and can be inserted by nonspecialized surgeons. The impeller percutaneous respiratory assist catheter (IPRAC) is a highly efficient CO2 removal device for percutaneous insertion to the vena cava via the right jugular or right femoral vein that utilizes an array of impellers rotating within a hollow-fiber membrane bundle to enhance gas exchange. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of new impeller designs and impeller spacing on gas exchange in the IPRAC using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and in vitro deionized water gas exchange testing. A CFD gas exchange and flow model was developed to guide a progressive impeller design process. Six impeller blade geometries were designed and tested in vitro in an IPRAC device with 2- or 10-mm axial spacing and varying numbers of blades (2-5). The maximum CO2 removal efficiency (exchange per unit surface area) achieved was 573 ± 8 mL/min/m(2) (40.1 mL/min absolute). The gas exchange rate was found to be largely independent of blade design and number of blades for the impellers tested but increased significantly (5-10%) with reduced axial spacing allowing for additional shaft impellers (23 vs. 14). CFD gas exchange predictions were within 2-13% of experimental values and accurately predicted the relative improvement with impellers at 2- versus 10-mm axial spacing. The ability of CFD simulation to accurately forecast the effects of influential design parameters suggests it can be used to identify impeller traits that profoundly affect facilitated gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garrett Jeffries
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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49
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Hemocompatibility and film stability improvement of crosslinkable MPC copolymer coated polypropylene hollow fiber membrane. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyze a fundamental reaction: the reversible hydration and dehydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and bicarbonate ([Formula: see text]), respectively. Current methods for CO2 capture and sequestration are harsh, expensive, and require prohibitively large energy inputs, effectively negating the purpose of removing CO2 from the atmosphere. Due to CA's activity on CO2 there is increasing interest in using CAs for industrial applications such as carbon sequestration and biofuel production. A lot of work in the last decade has focused on immobilizing CA onto various supports for incorporation into CO2 scrubbing applications or devices. Although the proof of principle has been validated, current CAs being tested do not withstand the harsh industrial conditions. The advent of large-scale genome sequencing projects has resulted in several emerging efforts seeking out novel CAs from a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, micro-, and macro-algae. CAs are also being investigated for their use in medical applications, such drug delivery systems and artificial lungs. This review also looks at possible downstream uses of captured and sequestered CO2, from using it to enhance oil recovery to incorporating it into useful and financially viable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier M González
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA,
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