1
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Elozeiri AAE, Dykstra JE, Rijnaarts HHM, Lammertink RGH. Multi-component ion equilibria and transport in ion-exchange membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:971-984. [PMID: 38935981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
At the interface between an ion-exchange membrane and a multi-electrolyte solution, charged species redistribute themselves to minimize the free energy of the system. In this paper, we explore the Donnan equilibrium of membranes with quaternary electrolyte (Na+/Mg2+/K+/Ca2+/Cl-) solutions, experimentally. The data was used to calculate the ion activity coefficients for six commercial cation-exchange membranes (CEMs). After setting one of the activity coefficients to an arbitrary value, we used the remaining (N-1) activity coefficients as fitting parameters to describe the equilibrium concentrations of (N) ionic species with a mean relative error of 3 %. At increasing solution ionic strengths, the equivalent ion fractions of monovalent counter-ions inside the membrane increased at the expense of the multivalent ones in alignment with the Donnan equilibrium theory. The fitted activity coefficients were employed in a transport model that simulated a Donnan dialysis experiment involving all four cations simultaneously. The arbitrary value assigned to one activity coefficient affects the calculated Donnan potential at the membrane interface. Nevertheless, this arbitrary value does not affect the prediction of the ion concentrations inside the membrane and consequently does not affect the modeled ion fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin A E Elozeiri
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jouke E Dykstra
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Huub H M Rijnaarts
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob G H Lammertink
- Membrane Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands.
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2
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Kim J, Rotenberg B. Donnan equilibrium in charged slit-pores from a hybrid nonequilibrium molecular dynamics/Monte Carlo method with ions and solvent exchange. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054107. [PMID: 39087531 DOI: 10.1063/5.0220913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion partitioning between different compartments (e.g., a porous material and a bulk solution reservoir), known as Donnan equilibrium, plays a fundamental role in various contexts such as energy, environment, or water treatment. The linearized Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation, capturing the thermal motion of the ions with mean-field electrostatic interactions, is practically useful to understand and predict ion partitioning, despite its limited applicability to conditions of low salt concentrations and surface charge densities. Here, we investigate the Donnan equilibrium of coarse-grained dilute electrolytes confined in charged slit-pores in equilibrium with a reservoir of ions and solvent. We introduce and use an extension to confined systems of a recently developed hybrid nonequilibrium molecular dynamics/grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation method ("H4D"), which enhances the efficiency of solvent and ion-pair exchange via a fourth spatial dimension. We show that the validity range of linearized PB theory to predict the Donnan equilibrium of dilute electrolytes can be extended to highly charged pores by simply considering renormalized surface charge densities. We compare with simulations of implicit solvent models of electrolytes and show that in the low salt concentrations and thin electric double layer limit considered here, an explicit solvent has a limited effect on the Donnan equilibrium and that the main limitations of the analytical predictions are not due to the breakdown of the mean-field description but rather to the charge renormalization approximation, because it only focuses on the behavior far from the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Rotenberg
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
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3
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Bang KR, Kwon C, Lee H, Kim S, Cho ES. Horizontally Asymmetric Nanochannels of Graphene Oxide Membranes for Efficient Osmotic Energy Harvesting. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37196224 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) directly harvests renewable energy from salinity gradients, and the achievable potential power heavily relies on the ion exchange membranes. Graphene oxides (GOs) are considered a solid candidate for the RED membrane because the laminated GO nanochannels with charged functional groups provide an excellent ionic selectivity and conductivity. Yet, a high internal resistance and poor stability in aqueous solutions limit the RED performance. Here, we develop a RED membrane that concurrently achieves high ion permeability and stable operation based on epoxy-confined GO nanochannels with asymmetric structures. The membrane is fabricated by reacting epoxy-wrapped GO membranes with ethylene diamine via vapor diffusion, overcoming the swelling properties in aqueous solutions. More importantly, the resultant membrane exhibits asymmetric GO nanochannels in terms of both channel geometry and electrostatic surface charges, leading to the rectified ion transport behavior. The demonstrated GO membrane exhibits the RED performance up to 5.32 W·m-2 with >40% energy conversion efficiency across a 50-fold salinity gradient and 20.3 W·m-2 across a 500-fold salinity gradient. Planck-Nernst continuum models coupled to molecular dynamics simulations rationalize the improved RED performance in terms of the asymmetric ionic concentration gradient within the GO nanochannel and the ionic resistance. The multiscale model also provides the design guidelines for ionic diode-type membranes configuring the optimum surface charge density and ionic diffusivity for efficient osmotic energy harvesting. The synthesized asymmetric nanochannels and their RED performance demonstrate the nanoscale tailoring of the membrane properties, establishing the potentials for 2D material-based asymmetric membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ryuk Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Choah Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhang Y, Xu P, Chen X, Qiu M, Fan Y. Preparation of high permeance thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane on macroporous ceramic support. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Petrov KV, Bui JC, Baumgartner L, Weng LC, Dischinger SM, Larson DM, Miller DJ, Weber AZ, Vermaas DA. Anion-exchange membranes with internal microchannels for water control in CO 2 electrolysis. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2022; 6:5077-5088. [PMID: 36389085 PMCID: PMC9642111 DOI: 10.1039/d2se00858k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2R) poses substantial promise to convert abundant feedstocks (water and CO2) to value-added chemicals and fuels using solely renewable energy. However, recent membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) devices that have been demonstrated to achieve high rates of CO2R are limited by water management within the cell, due to both consumption of water by the CO2R reaction and electro-osmotic fluxes that transport water from the cathode to the anode. Additionally, crossover of potassium (K+) ions poses concern at high current densities where saturation and precipitation of the salt ions can degrade cell performance. Herein, a device architecture incorporating an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) with internal water channels to mitigate MEA dehydration is proposed and demonstrated. A macroscale, two-dimensional continuum model is used to assess water fluxes and local water content within the modified MEA, as well as to determine the optimal channel geometry and composition. The modified AEMs are then fabricated and tested experimentally, demonstrating that the internal channels can both reduce K+ cation crossover as well as improve AEM conductivity and therefore overall cell performance. This work demonstrates the promise of these materials, and operando water-management strategies in general, in handling some of the major hurdles in the development of MEA devices for CO2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostadin V Petrov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Justin C Bui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1462 USA
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California 94720-1462 USA
| | - Lorenz Baumgartner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Lien-Chun Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1462 USA
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California 94720-1462 USA
| | - Sarah M Dischinger
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California 94720-1462 USA
| | - David M Larson
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California 94720-1462 USA
| | - Daniel J Miller
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California 94720-1462 USA
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California 94720-1462 USA
| | - David A Vermaas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
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6
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Xie Y, Wang X, Men J, Qin F. Study on the migration performance of Cs(I) in the treatment of simulated radioactive wastewater by electrodialysis. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1613-1628. [PMID: 36178827 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a competitive radioactive wastewater treatment technology, electrodialysis (ED) has the advantages of low operating pressure and high cycles of concentration. In order to analyze the migration performance of radionuclides during the treatment of radioactive wastewater by ED, a radionuclide migration model was constructed based on the mass conservation law and Faraday's law with the typical radionuclide cesium as the research object. Experiments were carried out for the treatment of simulated radioactive wastewater in a small-scale ED system, and the average migration rate of radionuclides under different operating conditions was predicted by the model. The results showed that the experimental values of concentration and average migration rate of Cs(I) were significantly correlated with the calculated values of the model, in which the relative error of the average migration rate was 4.54%. The variation characteristics of Cs(I) concentration in diluted solution under different current and volume ratio conditions can be predicted by the model. The average variation rate of Cs(I) concentration decreases significantly with the increase of current and volume ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Xie
- Naval university of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Naval university of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China E-mail:
| | - Jinfeng Men
- Naval university of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China E-mail:
| | - Feibo Qin
- Naval university of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China E-mail:
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7
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Soyekwo F, Wen H, Liao D, Liu C. Nanofiltration Membranes Modified with a Clustered Multiquaternary Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquid for Improved Magnesium/Lithium Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32420-32432. [PMID: 35793230 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithium separation is of great significance to overcome the lithium supply shortage resulting from a heightened demand in the energy sector. The low selectivity of polymer nanofiltration membranes for lithium extraction from concentrated Mg/Li mixtures caused by miniaturized pore structures and weak and unstable positive surface charges limits their practical implementation. To address the surface charge strength and stability, a novel ionic liquid monomer, N1-(6-aminohexyl)-N1,N1,N6,N6,N6-pentamethylhexane-1,6-diaminium bromide (denoted as DABIL), is first synthesized and covalently anchored on a pristine polyamide thin-film composite (TFC) membrane via a secondary amidation reaction for improved selective lithium separation from Mg/Li mixtures. DABIL modification of the polyamide network contributes to increased surface hydrophilicity, an enlarged membrane pore structure, and reinforced Donnan exclusion effects. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed that the difference of the interaction energies between water and the multication groups dominates the surface properties. The DABIL membrane exhibits sixfold enhancement of water permeability compared to the unmodified membrane and outperforms the recently reported state-of-the-art positively charged membranes. It presents an improved Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of 26.49, suggesting the membranes' potential for lithium recovery. Moreover, the membrane shows efficient antibacterial activity for mitigating biofilm formation. We establish that functionalization of TFC membranes with ionic liquids containing multication side chains could be a promising approach to achieve improved and sustainable permselectivity for the recovery of critical metal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Soyekwo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Changkun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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8
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Mubita T, Porada S, Biesheuvel P, van der Wal A, Dykstra J. Strategies to increase ion selectivity in electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Yoon J, Kwon HJ, Kang S, Brack E, Han J. Portable Seawater Desalination System for Generating Drinkable Water in Remote Locations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6733-6743. [PMID: 35420021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A portable seawater desalination system would be highly desirable to solve water challenges in rural areas and disaster situations. While many reverse osmosis-based portable desalination systems are already available commercially, they are not adequate for providing reliable drinking water in remote locations due to the requirement of high-pressure pumping and repeated maintenance. We demonstrate a field-deployable desalination system with multistage electromembrane processes, composed of two-stage ion concentration polarization and one-stage electrodialysis, to convert brackish water and seawater to drinkable water. A data-driven predictive model is used to optimize the multistage configuration, and the model predictions show good agreement with the experimental results. The portable system desalinates brackish water and seawater (2.5-45 g/L) into drinkable water (defined by WHO guideline), with the energy consumptions of 0.4-4 (brackish water) and 15.6-26.6 W h/L (seawater), respectively. In addition, the process can also reduce suspended solids by at least a factor of 10 from the source water, resulting in crystal clear water (<1 NTU) even from the source water with turbidity higher than 30 NTU (i.e., cloudy seawater by the tide). We built a fully integrated prototype (controller, pumps, and battery) packaged into a portable unit (42 × 33.5 × 19 cm3, 9.25 kg, and 0.33 L/h production rate) controlled by a smartphone, tested for battery-powered field operation. The demonstrated portable desalination system is unprecedented in size, efficiency, and operational flexibility. Therefore, it could address unique water challenges in remote, resource-limited regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyo Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hyukjin J Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - SungKu Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eric Brack
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)─Soldier Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Liu H, She Q. Influence of membrane structure-dependent water transport on conductivity-permselectivity trade-off and salt/water selectivity in electrodialysis: Implications for osmotic electrodialysis using porous ion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Biesheuvel P, Porada S, Elimelech M, Dykstra J. Tutorial review of reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Zhang W, Yan H, Wang Q, Zhao C. An extended Teorell-Meyer-Sievers theory for membrane potential under non-isothermal conditions. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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De Jaegher B, De Schepper W, Verliefde A, Nopens I. A model-based analysis of electrodialysis fouling during pulsed electric field operation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Wang Z, You X, Yang C, Li W, Li Y, Li Y, Shen J, Zhang R, Su Y, Jiang Z. Ultrathin polyamide nanofiltration membranes with tunable chargeability for multivalent cation removal. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Pandey SK, Srivastava A. Design of an efficient, tunable and scalable freestanding flexible membrane for filter application. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1550-1562. [PMID: 35425157 PMCID: PMC8978870 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07423g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the global challenge of water pollution, membrane-based technologies are being used as a dignified separation technology. However, designing low-cost, reusable, freestanding and flexible membranes for wastewater treatment with tunable pore size, good mechanical strength, and high separation efficiency is still a major challenge. Herein, we report the development of a scalable, reusable, freestanding, flexible and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (FMWCNT) membrane filter with tunable pore size for wastewater treatment, which has attractive attributes such as high separation efficiency (>99% for organic dyes and ∼80% for salts), permeance (∼225 L h-1 m-2 bar-1), tensile strength (∼6 MPa), and reusability of both the membrane as well as contaminants separately. This FMWCNTs membrane filter has been developed by a simple vacuum-assisted filtration technique followed by the synthesis of MWCNTs using a cost-effective spray pyrolysis assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique and chemical functionalization. This study deals with understanding the rejection, retrieval, and reusability of both the membranes as well as waterborne contaminants separately. The developed membrane filter has potential utility in many applications such as wastewater treatment, food industry, and life sciences due to its robust mechanical and separation performance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Pandey
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India +91-9453203122
| | - Anchal Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India +91-9453203122
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16
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Gorur Y, Reid MS, Montanari C, Larsson PT, Larsson PA, Wågberg L. Advanced Characterization of Self-Fibrillating Cellulose Fibers and Their Use in Tunable Filters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32467-32478. [PMID: 34106700 PMCID: PMC8289225 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thorough characterization and fundamental understanding of cellulose fibers can help us develop new, sustainable material streams and advanced functional materials. As an emerging nanomaterial, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have high specific surface area and good mechanical properties; however, handling and processing challenges have limited their widespread use. This work reports an in-depth characterization of self-fibrillating cellulose fibers (SFFs) and their use in smart, responsive filters capable of regulating flow and retaining nanoscale particles. By combining direct and indirect characterization methods with polyelectrolyte swelling theories, it was shown that introduction of charges and decreased supramolecular order in the fiber wall were responsible for the exceptional swelling and nanofibrillation of SFFs. Different microscopy techniques were used to visualize the swelling of SFFs before, during, and after nanofibrillation. Through filtration and pH adjustment, smart filters prepared via in situ nanofibrillation showed an ability to regulate the flow rate through the filter and a capacity of retaining 95% of 300 nm (diameter) silica nanoparticles. This exceptionally rapid and efficient approach for making smart filters directly addresses the challenges associated with dewatering of CNFs and bridges the gap between science and technology, making the widespread use of CNFs in high-performance materials a not-so-distant reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus
Can Gorur
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael S. Reid
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Céline Montanari
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Tomas Larsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE
Bioeconomy, Drottning
Kristinas väg 61, P.O. Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per A. Larsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Yang K, Qin M. The Application of Cation Exchange Membranes in Electrochemical Systems for Ammonia Recovery from Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070494. [PMID: 34208972 PMCID: PMC8305737 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical processes are considered promising technologies for ammonia recovery from wastewater. In electrochemical processes, cation exchange membrane (CEM), which is applied to separate compartments, plays a crucial role in the separation of ammonium nitrogen from wastewater. Here we provide a comprehensive review on the application of CEM in electrochemical systems for ammonia recovery from wastewater. Four kinds of electrochemical systems, including bioelectrochemical systems, electrochemical stripping, membrane electrosorption, and electrodialysis, are introduced. Then we discuss the role CEM plays in these processes for ammonia recovery from wastewater. In addition, we highlight the key performance metrics related to ammonia recovery and properties of CEM membrane. The limitations and key challenges of using CEM for ammonia recovery are also identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohan Qin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(608)-265-9733
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18
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Dykstra J, Heijne AT, Puig S, Biesheuvel P. Theory of transport and recovery in microbial electrosynthesis of acetate from CO2. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Roman M, Roman P, Verbeke R, Gutierrez L, Vanoppen M, Dickmann M, Egger W, Vankelecom I, Post J, Cornelissen E, Keesman K, Verliefde A. Non-steady diffusion and adsorption of organic micropollutants in ion-exchange membranes: effect of the membrane thickness. iScience 2021; 24:102095. [PMID: 33659871 PMCID: PMC7892919 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no efficient wastewater treatment solution for removing organic micropollutants (OMPs), which, therefore, are continuously introduced to the Earth's surface waters. This creates a severe risk to aquatic ecosystems and human health. In emerging water treatment processes based on ion-exchange membranes (IEM), transport of OMPs through membranes remains unknown. We performed a comprehensive investigation of the OMP transport through a single IEM under non-steady-state conditions. For the first time, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was used to study differences in the free volume element radius between anion- and cation-exchange membranes, and between their thicknesses. The dynamic diffusion-adsorption model was used to calculate the adsorption and diffusion coefficients of OMPs. Remarkably, diffusion coefficients increased with the membrane thickness, where its surface resistance was more evident in thinner membranes. Presented results will contribute to the improved design of next-generation IEMs with higher selectivity toward multiple types of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Roman
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Corresponding author
| | - Pawel Roman
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Rhea Verbeke
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p. o. box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Gutierrez
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Facultad del Mar y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Del Pacifico, Ecuador
| | - Marjolein Vanoppen
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marcel Dickmann
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany and Physik-Department E21, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Werner Egger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Ivo Vankelecom
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Jan Post
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Emile Cornelissen
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Karel Keesman
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
- Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Verliefde
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Rommerskirchen A, Alders M, Wiesner F, Linnartz CJ, Kalde A, Wessling M. Process model for high salinity flow-electrode capacitive deionization processes with ion-exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gschwend GC, Girault HH. Discrete Helmholtz model: a single layer of correlated counter-ions. Metal oxides and silica interfaces, ion-exchange and biological membranes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10304-10312. [PMID: 34094294 PMCID: PMC8162434 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03748f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which interfaces in solution can be polarised depends on the nature of the charge carriers. In the case of a conductor, the charge carriers are electrons and the polarisation is homogeneous in the plane of the electrode. In the case of an insulator covered by ionic moieties, the polarisation is inhomogeneous and discrete in the plane of the interface. Despite these fundamental differences, these systems are usually treated in the same theoretical framework that relies on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the solution side. In this perspective, we show that interfaces polarised by discrete charge distributions are rather ubiquitous and that their associated potential drop significantly differs from those of conductor-electrolyte interfaces. We show that these configurations, spanning liquid-liquid interfaces, charged silica-water interfaces, metal oxide interfaces, supercapacitors, ion-exchange membranes and even biological membranes can be uniformly treated under a common "Discrete Helmholtz" model where the discrete charges are compensated by a single layer of correlated counter-ions, thereby generating a sharp potential drop at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire C Gschwend
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
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22
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Sudmalis D, Mubita TM, Gagliano MC, Dinis E, Zeeman G, Rijnaarts HHM, Temmink H. Cation exchange membrane behaviour of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in salt adapted granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 178:115855. [PMID: 32375109 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to elucidate the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in regulating anion and cation concentrations and toxicity towards microorganisms in anaerobic granular sludges adapted to low (0.22 M of Na+) and high salinity (0.87 M of Na+). The ion exchange properties of EPS were studied with a novel approach, where EPS were entangled with an inert binder (PVDF-HFP) to form a membrane and characterized in an electrodialysis cell. With a mixture of NaCl and KCl salts the EPS membrane was shown to act as a cation exchange membrane (CEM) with a current efficiency of ∼80%, meaning that EPS do not behave as ideal CEM. Surprisingly, the membrane had selectivity for transport of K+ compared to Na+ with a separation factor ( [Formula: see text] ) of 1.3. These properties were compared to a layer prepared from a model compound of EPS (alginate) and a commercial CEM. The alginate layer had a similar current efficiency (∼80%.), but even higher [Formula: see text] of 1.9, while the commercial CEM did not show selectivity towards K+ or Na+, but exhibited the highest current efficiency of 92%. The selectivity of EPS and alginate towards K+ transport has interesting potential applications for ion separation from water streams and should be further investigated. The anion repelling and cation binding properties of EPS in hydrated and dehydrated granules were further confirmed with microscopy (SEM-EDX, epifluorescence) and ion chromatography (ICP-OES, IC) techniques. Results of specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests conducted with 0.22 and 0.87 M Na+ adapted granular sludges and with various monovalent salts suggested that ions which are preferentially transported by EPS are also more toxic towards methanogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sudmalis
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - T M Mubita
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, MA, 8911, the Netherlands
| | - M C Gagliano
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, MA, 8911, the Netherlands
| | - E Dinis
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, MA, 8911, the Netherlands
| | - G Zeeman
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H H M Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Temmink
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Enhancing understandability and performance of flow electrode capacitive deionisation by optimizing configurational and operational parameters: A review on recent progress. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Demina OA, Falina IV, Kononenko NA, Zabolotskiy VI. Investigation of the Nonexchange Sorption of Diverse Electrolytes by a Heterogeneous Sulfonic Cation-Exchange Membrane. COLLOID JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x20020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Legrand L, Shu Q, Tedesco M, Dykstra J, Hamelers H. Role of ion exchange membranes and capacitive electrodes in membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) for CO2 capture. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 564:478-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Sun W, Hu Y, Tang H. Membrane technologies for Li+/Mg2+ separation from salt-lake brines and seawater: A comprehensive review. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Gong L, Li Z, Han J. Numerical simulation of continuous extraction of highly concentrated Li+ from high Mg2+/Li+ ratio brines in an ion concentration polarization-based microfluidic system. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Sun Z, Wu Q, Ye C, Wang W, Zheng L, Dong F, Yi Z, Xue L, Gao C. Nanovoid Membranes Embedded with Hollow Zwitterionic Nanocapsules for a Superior Desalination Performance. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2953-2959. [PMID: 30969778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to lower the capital and operational cost of desalination and wastewater treatment processes, nanofiltration (NF) membranes need to have a high water permeation and ionic rejection, while also maintaining a stable performance through antifouling resistance. Recently, Turing-type reaction conditions [ Science 2018, 360, 518-521] and sacrificed metal organic frame (MOF) nanoparticles [ Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 2004] have been reported to introduce nanovoids into thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide (PA) NF membranes for an improved performance. Herein, we report a one-step fabrication of thin-film nanocomposite membranes (TFNM) with controllable nanovoids in the polyamide layer by introducing hollow zwitterionic nanocapsules (HZNCs) during interfacial polymerization. It was found that embedding HZNCs increases the membrane internal free volume, external surface area, and hydrophilicity, thus enhancing the water permeation and antifouling resistance without trading off the rejection of multivalent ions. For example, water permeation of the NF membranes embedded with about 19.0 wt % of HZNCs (73 L m-2 h-1) increased by 70% relative to the value of the control TFC NF membrane without HZNCs (43 L m-2 h-1). This increase comes while also maintaining 95% rejection of Na2SO4. Further, we also determined the effect of the mass loading of HZNCs on the top surface of the TFC NF membranes on the membrane performance. This work provided a direct and simple route to fabricate advanced desalination membranes with a superior separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Sun
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , China
| | - Liuchun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Fengkai Dong
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , China
| | - Zhuan Yi
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , China
| | - Lixin Xue
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , China
| | - Congjie Gao
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , China
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Tang W, Liang J, He D, Gong J, Tang L, Liu Z, Wang D, Zeng G. Various cell architectures of capacitive deionization: Recent advances and future trends. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:225-251. [PMID: 30528919 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Substantial consumption and widespread contamination of the available freshwater resources necessitate a continuing search for sustainable, cost-effective and energy-efficient technologies for reclaiming this valuable life-sustaining liquid. With these key advantages, capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising technology for the facile removal of ions or other charged species from aqueous solutions via capacitive effects or Faradaic interactions, and is currently being actively explored for water treatment with particular applications in water desalination and wastewater remediation. Over the past decade, the CDI research field has progressed enormously with a constant spring-up of various cell architectures assembled with either capacitive electrodes or battery electrodes, specifically including flow-by CDI, membrane CDI, flow-through CDI, inverted CDI, flow-electrode CDI, hybrid CDI, desalination battery and cation intercalation desalination. This article presents a timely and comprehensive review on the recent advances of various CDI cell architectures, particularly the flow-by CDI and membrane CDI with their key research activities subdivided into materials, application, operational mode, cell design, Faradaic reactions and theoretical models. Moreover, we discuss the challenges remaining in the understanding and perfection of various CDI cell architectures and put forward the prospects and directions for CDI future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Di He
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Jiang Z, Miao J, He Y, Hong X, Tu K, Wang X, Chen S, Yang H, Zhang L, Zhang R. A pH-stable positively charged composite nanofiltration membrane with excellent rejection performance. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37546-37555. [PMID: 35542300 PMCID: PMC9075534 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel kind of pH-stable positively charged composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane with excellent rejection performance was developed via interfacial polymerization on the surface of a polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, using a mixture of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and piperazine (PIP) as the monomers of the aqueous phase, and cyanuric chloride (CC) as the monomer of the organic phase. The strong electron withdrawing and steric hindrance effects of the chloride group in the molecules of CC could protect the amido bond from the attack of hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxyl ions (OH−) under acidic or alkaline conditions, thus the resultant polyamide composite membranes could be stable in acidic or alkali aqueous solution. A more compact PA active layer could be developed via mixing PIP into the PEI aqueous solution, where the PIP molecules could fill the pores of the polymer networks. There was no obvious change in the surface morphologies, the chemical structures, and the rejection performances after immersing the resultant polyamine composite NF membranes in the strong acidic solution (pH 1) and the strong alkaline solution (pH 13) for 30 days, respectively. The rejection performances of this kind of polyamine composite NF membranes could be adjusted through adjusting the mass ratio of PEI to PIP in the aqueous phase. A pH-stable positively charged composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane was developed via the interfacial polymerization (IP) between polyethyleneimine (PEI), piperazine (PIP), and cyanuric chloride (CC).![]()
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Jiang Z, Miao J, He Y, Tu K, Chen S, Zhang R, Zhang L, Yang H. A novel positively charged composite nanofiltration membrane based on polyethyleneimine with a tunable active layer structure developed via interfacial polymerization. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10796-10806. [PMID: 35515306 PMCID: PMC9062538 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel positively charged composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane with tunable active layer structure was successfully developed via interfacial polymerization on a polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane surface, using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the monomer of the aqueous phase, and a mixture of isophthaloyl dichloride (IPC) and tri-mesoyl chloride (TMC) as the monomer of the organic phase. Interestingly, a synergetic effect of the mass ratio of IPC and TMC was observed on the pore size and the structure of the active layer of the resultant polyamide (PA)/polysulfone (PSF) composite NF membrane. The rejection (R) to the inorganic electrolytes increased with the mass ratio of IPC to TMC, while the permeate flux (F) escalated up to a 1 : 1 mixing ratio of IPC to TMC and dropped at higher mixing ratios. The rejection to different inorganic electrolytes decreased in the order of ZnCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, CuCl2, MgSO4, NaCl, and Na2SO4. At ambient temperature and 0.4 MPa, the optimized membrane demonstrated R and F to 1 g L−1 MgCl2 aqueous solution as 98.1% and 27.6 L m−2 h−1, respectively. Its rejection to various dyes reduced significantly in the order of cationic red X-GTL (100%), rhodamine B (94.2%), cationic gold yellow X-GL (93.5%), and brilliant blue KN-R (43.9%), in agreement with the decrease in the molecular weight (Mw) and the overall charges of the dye. The tunable active layer structure was developed via interfacial polymerization, using polyethyleneimine as the monomer of the aqueous phase, and a mixture of isophthaloyl dichloride and tri-mesoyl chloride as the monomer of the organic phase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Separation
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Guangzhou 511458
- PR China
| | - Jing Miao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Separation
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Guangzhou 511458
- PR China
| | - Yuantao He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Separation
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Guangzhou 511458
- PR China
| | - Kai Tu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Separation
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Guangzhou 511458
- PR China
| | - Shunquan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Separation
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Guangzhou 511458
- PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Shandong Disk Tube Reverse Osmosis (DTRO) Membrane Engineering Laboratory
- The New Water Technology, Inc. (NEWA)
- China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan
- PR China
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Zhang C, Ma J, Song J, He C, Waite TD. Continuous Ammonia Recovery from Wastewaters Using an Integrated Capacitive Flow Electrode Membrane Stripping System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:14275-14285. [PMID: 30458615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described a novel flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) unit combined with a hydrophobic gas-permeable hollow fiber membrane contactor (designated "CapAmm") and presented results showing efficient recovery of ammonia from dilute synthetic wastewaters (Zhang et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2018, 5, 43-49). We extend this earlier study here with description of an FCDI system with integrated flat sheet gas permeable membrane with comprehensive assessment of ammonia recovery performance from both dilute and concentrated wastewaters. The integrated CapAmm cell exhibited excellent ammonia removal and recovery efficiencies (up to ∼90% and ∼80% respectively). The energy consumptions for ammonia recovery from low-strength (i.e., domestic) and high-strength (i.e., synthetic urine) wastewaters were 20.4 kWh kg-1 N and 7.8 kWh kg-1 N, respectively, with these values comparable to those of more conventional alternatives. Stable ammonia recovery and salt removal performance was achieved over more than two days of continuous operation with ammonia concentrated by ∼80 times that of the feed stream. These results demonstrate that the integrated CapAmm system described here could be a cost-effective technology capable of treating wastewaters and realizing both nutrient recovery and water reclamation in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Jingke Song
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Calvin He
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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Ma J, He C, He D, Zhang C, Waite TD. Analysis of capacitive and electrodialytic contributions to water desalination by flow-electrode CDI. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:296-303. [PMID: 30053621 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a potential alternative to brackish and/or sea water desalination, there is limited understanding of both the fate of ions following migration across the ion exchange membranes and the mechanisms responsible for ion separation. In this study, we investigate the desalting performance of an FCDI system operated over a range of conditions. Results show that although ion transport as a result of electrodialysis is inevitable in FCDI (and is principally responsible for pH excursion in the flow electrode), the use of high carbon content ensures that a high proportion of the charge and counterions are retained in the electrical double layers of the flowing carbon particles, even at high charging voltages (e.g., 2.0 V) during the deionization process. Estimation of the portions of sodium and chloride ions adsorbed in the flow electrode after migration through the membranes suggests that the ongoing capacitive adsorption exhibits asymmetric behavior with the anodic particles demonstrating better affinity for Cl- (than the cathodic particles for Na+) during electrosorption. These findings provide an explanation for the change in electrode properties that are observed under imperfect adsorption scenarios and provide insight into aspects of the design and operation of flow electrode pairs that is critical to achieving effective desalination by FCDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Calvin He
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Di He
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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35
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Nernst-Planck transport theory for (reverse) electrodialysis: III. Optimal membrane thickness for enhanced process performance. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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He C, Ma J, Zhang C, Song J, Waite TD. Short-Circuited Closed-Cycle Operation of Flow-Electrode CDI for Brackish Water Softening. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9350-9360. [PMID: 30052435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is an emerging desalination technology, reduction in water hardness using this technology has so far received minimal attention. In this study, treatment of influents containing both monovalent and divalent cations using FCDI was carried out with flow-electrodes operated in short-circuited closed-cycle (SCC) configuration. Divalent Ca2+ cations were selectively removed compared to monovalent Na+ with the selectivity becoming dominant when the FCDI unit was operated at lower current densities and hydraulic retention times. Results showed that SCC FCDI operation was much more energy-efficient for brackish water softening compared to operation in isolated closed-cycle (ICC) mode, particularly with implementation of energy recovery. This finding was largely ascribed to (i) charge neutralization of the flow-electrodes in SCC configuration and (ii) regeneration of the active materials to maintain pseudo "infinite" capacity during electrosorption. In addition, mixing of the flow-electrodes in SCC operation significantly inhibited pH excursion in the flow-electrode with resultant alleviation of calcium precipitation on the carbon surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin He
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Jingke Song
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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Zhang Y, Wei S, Yong M, Liu W, Liu S. YxSi1-xO2-SO3H self-assembled membrane formed on phosphorylated YxSi1-xO2/Al2O3 for oily seawater partial desalination and deep cleaning. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moya A. Numerical simulation of equilibrium ionic transport processes through permeable ion-exchange membranes in bi-ionic systems. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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Membrane electrode assembly for energy harvesting from salinity gradient by reverse electrodialysis. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Kamcev J, Sujanani R, Jang ES, Yan N, Moe N, Paul DR, Freeman BD. Salt concentration dependence of ionic conductivity in ion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Li M, Park HG. Pseudocapacitive Coating for Effective Capacitive Deionization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2442-2450. [PMID: 29272105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) features a low-cost and energy-efficient desalination approach based on electrosorption of saline ions. To enhance the salt electrosorption capacity of CDI electrodes, we coat ion-selective pseudocapacitive layers (MnO2 and Ag) onto porous carbon electrodes (activated carbon cloth) with only minimal use of a conductive additive and a polymer binder (<1 wt % in total). Optimized pseudocapacitive electrodes result in excellent single-electrode specific capacitance (>300 F/g) and great cell stability (70% retention after 500 cycles). A CDI cell out of these pseudocapacitive electrodes yields as high charge efficiency as 83% and a remarkable salt adsorption capacity up to 17.8 mg/g. Our finding of outstanding CDI performance of the pseudocapacitive electrodes with no use of costly ion-exchange membranes highlights the significant role of a pseudocapacitive layer in the electrosorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Hyung Gyu Park
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
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Fridman-Bishop N, Freger V. What makes aromatic polyamide membranes superior: New insights into ion transport and membrane structure. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Nernst-Planck transport theory for (reverse) electrodialysis: II. Effect of water transport through ion-exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fridman-Bishop N, Freger V. When Salt-Rejecting Polymers Meet Protons: An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Investigation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1391-1397. [PMID: 28103044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric membranes are widely used for salt removal, but mechanism of ion permeation is still insufficiently understood. Here we analyze ion transport in polymers relevant to desalination, dense aromatic polyamide Nomex and cellulose acetate (CA), using impedance spectroscopy, focusing on the effects of the salt type, concentration and pH. The results highlight the role of proton uptake in ion permeation. For Nomex the exceptionally high affinity to proton results in a power-low scaling of conductivity with salt concentrations with an unusual exponent 1/2. The results for CA suggest dominance of pore transport, with pore charge increasing with decreasing pH, which contradicts previous view of CA as a weakly acidic polymer and points to proton uptake as possible pore-charging mechanism. The observed effects may have far-reaching consequences in desalination, as even at neutral pH they may both enhance and suppress salt permeation and affect pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Fridman-Bishop
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Viatcheslav Freger
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
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Hong JG, Kim JJ. Salinity Gradient Energy : Current Membrane Development and Challenges for Reverse Electrodialysis System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7849/ksnre.2016.12.12.4.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Transport studies of ions across polystyrene based composite membrane: Evaluation of fixed charge density using theoretical models. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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