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Liang S, Fu K, Li X, Wang Z. Unveiling the spatiotemporal dynamics of membrane fouling: A focused review on dynamic fouling characterization techniques and future perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103179. [PMID: 38754212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Membrane technology has emerged as a crucial method for obtaining clean water from unconventional sources in the face of water scarcity. It finds wide applications in wastewater treatment, advanced treatment, and desalination of seawater and brackish water. However, membrane fouling poses a huge challenge that limits the development of membrane-based water treatment technologies. Characterizing the dynamics of membrane fouling is crucial for understanding its development, mechanisms, and effective mitigation. Instrumental techniques that enable in situ or real-time characterization of the dynamics of membrane fouling provide insights into the temporal and spatial evolution of fouling, which play a crucial role in understanding the fouling mechanism and the formulation of membrane control strategies. This review consolidates existing knowledge about the principal advanced instrumental analysis technologies employed to characterize the dynamics of membrane fouling, in terms of membrane structure, morphology, and intermolecular forces. Working principles, applications, and limitations of each technique are discussed, enabling researchers to select appropriate methods for their specific studies. Furthermore, prospects for the future development of dynamic characterization techniques for membrane fouling are discussed, underscoring the need for continued research and innovation in this field to overcome the challenges posed by membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kunkun Fu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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2
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Yan Z, Chen X, Chang H, Pang H, Fan G, Xu K, Liang H, Qu F. Feasibility of replacing proton exchange membranes with pressure-driven membranes in membrane electrochemical reactors for high salinity organic wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121340. [PMID: 38428235 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) shows superiority to electrochemical oxidation (EO) in high salinity organic wastewater (HSOW) treatment, but requirement of proton exchange membranes (PEM) increases investment and maintenance cost. In this work, the feasibility of using low-cost pressure-driven membranes as the separation membrane in MER system was systematically investigated. Commonly used pressure-driven membranes, including loose membranes such as microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), as well as dense membranes like nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), were employed in the study. When tested in a contamination-free solution, MF and UF exhibited superior electrochemical performance compared to PEM, with comparable pH regulation capabilities in the short term. When foulant (humic acid, Ca2+ and Mg2+) presented in the feed, UF saved the most energy (43 %) compared to PEM with similar removal rate of UV254 (∼85 %). In practical applications of MER for treating nanofiltration concentrate (NC) of landfill leachate, UF saved 27 % energy compared to PEM per cycle with the least Ca2+ and Mg2+ retention in membrane and none obvious organics permeation. For fouled RO and PEM with ion transport impediment, water splitting was exacerbated, which decreased the percentage of oxidation for organics. Overall, replacing of PEM with UF significantly reduce the costs associated with both the investment and operation of MER, which is expected to broaden the practical application for treating HSOW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Kaiqin Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fangshu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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3
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Raval H, Sharma R, Srivastava A. Novel protocol for fouling detection of reverse osmosis membrane based on methylene blue colorimetric method by image processing technique. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:513-528. [PMID: 38358486 PMCID: wst_2023_425 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a novel methylene blue (MB)-based colorimetric method for a quick, inexpensive, and facile approach for the determination of fouling intensity of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane has been reported. This technique is based on the interaction of MB with the organic foulants and shows the corresponding change in the colour intensity depending on the severity of fouling. The organic foulants, such as albumin, sodium alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were chosen as model foulants, and the membranes were subjected to foul under extreme fouling conditions. The fouled membranes underwent an MB treatment followed by image-processing analyses. The severity of surface fouling of membranes was evaluated in terms of fouling intensity and correlated with the corresponding decline of permeate flux. The maximum fouling intensity of the albumin, sodium alginate, and CMC sodium were found to be 8.83, 23.38, and 9.19%, respectively, for the definite concentration of foulants. The physico-chemical interactions of the given foulants and MB were confirmed by changes in zeta potentials and increased sizes of the foulant by the dynamic light scattering technique. The surface fouling over the membrane surface was confirmed by the characterization of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren Raval
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine, Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India E-mail:
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine, Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine, Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India
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Ilyas A, Vankelecom IFJ. Designing sustainable membrane-based water treatment via fouling control through membrane interface engineering and process developments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 312:102834. [PMID: 36634445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based water treatment processes have been established as a powerful approach for clean water production. However, despite the significant advances made in terms of rejection and flux, provision of sustainable and energy-efficient water production is restricted by the inevitable issue of membrane fouling, known to be the major contributor to the elevated operating costs due to frequent chemical cleaning, increased transmembrane resistance, and deterioration of permeate flux. This review provides an overview of fouling control strategies in different membrane processes, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, membrane bioreactors, and desalination via reverse osmosis and forward osmosis. Insights into the recent advancements are discussed and efforts made in terms of membrane development, modules arrangement, process optimization, feed pretreatment, and fouling monitoring are highlighted to evaluate their overall impact in energy- and cost-effective water treatment. Major findings in four key aspects are presented, including membrane surface modification, modules design, process integration, and fouling monitoring. Among the above mentioned anti-fouling strategies, a large part of research has been focused on membrane surface modifications using a number of anti-fouling materials whereas much less research has been devoted to membrane module advancements and in-situ fouling monitoring and control. At the end, a critical analysis is provided for each anti-fouling strategy and a rationale framework is provided for design of efficient membranes and process for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Ilyas
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Zhang N, Lee HJ, Wu Y, Ganzoury MA, de Lannoy CF. Integrating biofouling sensing with fouling mitigation in a two-electrode electrically conductive membrane filtration system. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Tran ML, Fu CC, Wu MH, Juang RS. Experimental verification on real-time fouling analysis in crossflow UF of protein solutions by electrical impedance spectroscopy. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Cui Z, Wang X, Ngo H, Zhu G. In-situ monitoring of membrane fouling migration and compression mechanism with improved ultraviolet technique in membrane bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126684. [PMID: 35007735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An improved UV spectrum in-situ monitoring system was applied to explore the membrane fouling behavior in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). The changes in absorbance curve illustrated that the formation of a stubborn fouling layer includes the migration and compression of membrane surface foulants. The initial flux negatively correlates with the migration degree (unevenness) of membrane fouling, while fiber length is positively correlated. In further experiments, ultrasonic thickness measurement excludes fouling layer compression caused by spatial collapse under external force. Moisture content measurement tests demonstrated that the moisture content changed from 52% to 31% after fouling layer compression, which confirmed that the fouling layer compression is mainly caused by the "high pressure dehydration effect". Finally, a membrane backwashing strategy based on fouling layer compression theory indicated that the backwashing process should be carried out at a stage where the accumulation of membrane fouling is constant but the fouling layer is not compressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Cui
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Huuhao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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8
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Tanudjaja HJ, Ng AQQ, Chew JW. Mechanistic insights into the membrane fouling mechanism during ultrafiltration of high-concentration proteins via in-situ electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Han M, Zhao R, Shi J, Li X, He D, Liu L, Han L. Membrane Distillation Hybrid Peroxydisulfate Activation toward Mitigating the Membrane Wetting by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020164. [PMID: 35207085 PMCID: PMC8875670 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The fouling/wetting of hydrophobic membrane caused by organic substances with low-surface energy substantially limits the development of the membrane distillation (MD) process. The sulfate radical (SO4 ·−)-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) has been a promising technology to degrade organics in wastewater treatment, and peroxydisulfate (PDS) could be efficiently activated by heat. Thus, a hybrid process of MD-AOP via PDS activated by a hot feed was hypothesized to mitigate membrane fouling/wetting. Experiments dealing with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) containing a salty solution via two commercial membranes (PVDF and PTFE) were performed, and varying membrane wetting extents in the coupling process were discussed at different PDS concentrations and feed temperatures. Our results demonstrated permeate flux decline and a rise in conductivity due to membrane wetting by SDS, which was efficiently alleviated in the hybrid process rather than the standalone MD process. Moreover, such a mitigation was enhanced by a higher PDS concentration up to 5 mM and higher feed temperature. In addition, qualitative characterization on membrane coupons wetted by SDS was successfully performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS results implied both types of hydrophobic membranes were protected from losing their hydrophobicity in the presence of PDS activation, agreeing with our initial hypothesis. This work could provide insight into future fouling/wetting control strategies for hydrophobic membranes and facilitate the development of an MD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyuan Han
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (M.H.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ruixue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (M.H.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jianchao Shi
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Animal Husbandry Service of Chongqing, Chongqing 401121, China; (X.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Daoling He
- Animal Husbandry Service of Chongqing, Chongqing 401121, China; (X.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Lang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Le Han
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (M.H.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Yu Z, Chu H, Zhang W, Gao K, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Multi-dimensional in-depth dissection the algae-related membrane fouling in heterotrophic microalgae harvesting: Deposition dynamics, algae cake formation, and interaction force analysis. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Arandia K, Balyan U, Mattsson T. Development of a fluid dynamic gauging method for the characterization of fouling behavior during cross-flow filtration of a wood extraction liquor. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Yan B, Bristow NW, Vogt SJ, Vrouwenvelder JS, Johns ML, Fridjonsson EO. Monitoring of hollow fiber module velocity field and fouling inside individual fibers using benchtop MRI. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Mankol V, Hao Z, Zhao S, Wu H, Qi Y, Wang Z, Wang J. Sulfonated Reverse Osmosis Membrane Fabricated with Comonomer Having Excellent Scaling and Fouling Resistance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mankol
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jixiao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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15
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DuToit M, Ngaboyamahina E, Wiesner M. Pairing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with conducting membranes for the in situ characterization of membrane fouling. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Tian J, Trinh TA, Kalyan MN, Ho JS, Chew JW. In-situ monitoring of oil emulsion fouling in ultrafiltration via electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS): Influence of surfactant. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Wang M, Shen W, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhao S, Liu F. The mixture effect on ionic selectivity and permeability of nanotubes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3834-3840. [PMID: 36132796 PMCID: PMC9419827 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ion-selective nanotubes have great potential in applications such as ion separation, desalination, and power generation. However, their performance is often limited by the deteriorated selectivity in mixed salt solutions. To reveal the underlying mechanism of the mixture effect on ion transport through nanotubes, we perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on ion transport through carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polymer nanopores with a pore diameter of ∼1 nm and a charge density of -1 e nm-2. Based on the simulation results, when a single salt solution is replaced by a mixed salt solution, the ionic selectivity drops as the permeability of higher permeable ions decreases much greater than that of lower permeable ions. This is because the adsorption of lower permeable ions on the inner surface of nanotubes blocks the ion flux and increases the entrance barrier to the nanotube, and the adsorption is significantly reduced in the mixed salt solution. Such a reduction results from the occupancy of higher permeable ions on the adsorption sites as they have a higher adsorption tendency albeit weaker adsorption compared with lower permeable ions. These studies will help design the next generation of nanostructures to circumvent the mixture effect and show high permeability and selectivity in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University 100871 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University 100871 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University 100871 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Gehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University 100871 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University 100871 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University 100871 Beijing People's Republic of China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University 100871 Beijing People's Republic of China
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18
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Li SY, Schon BS, Travas-Sejdic J. A Conductive Microfiltration Membrane for In Situ Fouling Detection: Proof-of-Concept Using Model Wine Solutions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000303. [PMID: 32767529 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cross-flow microfiltration, using a microporous membrane, is a well-established technique for wine clarification in oenology because of its cost-effectiveness and high-throughput. However, membrane fouling remains a significant issue for wine filtration in high-throughput systems. Herein, an approach for in situ real-time monitoring of fouling in filtration systems using a conductive filtration membrane and a model fluid for filtration is reported. The membrane is fabricated by embedding poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) into an electrospun sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene microporous membrane, producing a conductive microfiltration membrane. Measurement of the resistance of the conductive membrane during filtration with the fouling solutions containing pectin, as one of the major foulants in unfiltered wine and pre-fermentation grape juice, shows a time- and concentration-dependent response. This work opens a door to new methodology for in situ monitoring of fouling processes in wine and juice filtration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheung-Yin Li
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland CBD, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin S Schon
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, 74 Gerald St, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland CBD, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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19
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20
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Detection of fouling on electrically conductive membranes by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Liu X, Chen G, Tu G, Li Z, Deng B, Li W. Membrane fouling by clay suspensions during NF-like forward osmosis: Characterization via optical coherence tomography. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Li Y, Sim LN, Ho JS, Chong TH, Wu B, Liu Y. Integration of an anaerobic fluidized-bed membrane bioreactor (MBR) with zeolite adsorption and reverse osmosis (RO) for municipal wastewater reclamation: Comparison with an anoxic-aerobic MBR coupled with RO. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125569. [PMID: 31864040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the performance of an anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor (AFMBR)-zeolite adsorption-reverse osmosis (RO) system and an anoxic-aerobic MBR-RO system for municipal wastewater reclamation. Both MBR-RO systems were operated in parallel with the same operating conditions. The results showed that the MBR systems achieved excellent organic removals (>95%) and the anoxic-aerobic MBR could also remove ∼57% of soluble total nitrogen. Compared to the aerobic MBR, the AFMBR displayed better membrane performance with less energy consumption, attributed to effective membrane scouring by liquid-fluidized GAC particles. Furthermore, a zeolite column was employed to remove ammonia in the AFMBR permeate, which ensured comparable organic and nitrogen levels in the feeds to RO units in the two processes. Although less organic substances and microbial cells were accumulated on the RO membrane fed with AFMBR-zeolite column effluent, its fouling rate (∼6.5 ± 2.2 bar/day) was significantly greater than that fed with anoxic-aerobic MBR permeate (∼1.1 ± 1.5 bar/day). This may be associated with more severe inorganic colloidal fouling on the RO membrane, illustrated by an electrical impedance spectroscopy fouling monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Lee Nuang Sim
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jia Shin Ho
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Tzyy Haur Chong
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bing Wu
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
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23
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Chew JW, Kilduff J, Belfort G. The behavior of suspensions and macromolecular solutions in crossflow microfiltration: An update. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Hua L, Cao H, Ma Q, Shi X, Zhang X, Zhang W. Microalgae Filtration Using an Electrochemically Reactive Ceramic Membrane: Filtration Performances, Fouling Kinetics, and Foulant Layer Characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2012-2021. [PMID: 31916753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical membrane filtration has proven to be successful for microbial removal and separation from water. In addition, membrane fouling could be mitigated by electrochemical reactions and electrostatic repulsion on a reactive membrane surface. This study assessed the filtration performances and fouling characteristics of electrochemically reactive ceramic membranes (a Magneli phase suboxide of TiO2) when filtering algal suspension under different dc currents to achieve anodic or cathodic polarization. The critical flux results indicate that when applying positive or negative dc currents (e.g., 1.25-2.5 mA·cm-2) to the membrane, both significantly mitigated membrane fouling and thus maintained higher critical fluxes (up to 14.6 × 10-5·m3·m-2·s-1 or 526 LMH) compared to the critical flux without dc currents. Moreover, applying dc currents also enhanced membrane defouling processes and recovered high permeate flux better than hydraulic and chemical backwash methods. Moreover, fouling kinetics and the cake layer formation were further analyzed with a resistance-in-series model that revealed many important but underexamined parameters (e.g., cake layer resistance and cake layer thickness). The cake layer structures (e.g., compressibility) were shown to vary with the electrochemical activity, which provide new insight into the biofouling mechanisms. Finally, the algogenic odor, geosmin, was shown to be effectively removed by this reactive membrane under positive dc currents (2.5 mA·cm-2), which highlights the multifunctional capabilities of electrochemically reactive membrane filtration in biomass separation, fouling prevention, and pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Hua
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Han Cao
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Qingquan Ma
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Xiaonan Shi
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Center for Algal Biology and Applied Research, Institute of Hydrobiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , South Donghu Road , Wuchang District, Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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25
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Han Q, Trinh TA, Tanis-Kanbur MB, Li W, Chew JW. Assessing internal fouling during microfiltration using optical coherence tomography and evapoporometry. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Zhang L, Jia H, Wang J, Wen H, Li J. Characterization of fouling and concentration polarization in ion exchange membrane by in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Rudolph G, Virtanen T, Ferrando M, Güell C, Lipnizki F, Kallioinen M. A review of in situ real-time monitoring techniques for membrane fouling in the biotechnology, biorefinery and food sectors. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Tanudjaja HJ, Hejase CA, Tarabara VV, Fane AG, Chew JW. Membrane-based separation for oily wastewater: A practical perspective. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:347-365. [PMID: 30928529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The large volumes of oily wastewater generated by various industries, such as oil and gas, food and beverage, and metal processing, need to be de-oiled prior to being discharged into the environment. Compared to conventional technologies such as dissolved air flotation (DAF), coagulation or solvent extraction, membrane filtration can treat oily wastewater of a much broader compositional range and still ensure high oil removals. In the present review, various aspects related to the practical implementation of membranes for the treatment of oily wastewater are summarized. First, sources and composition of oily wastewater, regulations that stipulate the extent of treatment needed before discharge, and the conventional technologies that enable such treatment are appraised. Second, commercially available membranes, membrane modules, operation modes and hybrids are overviewed, and their economics are discussed. Third, challenges associated with membrane filtration are examined, along with means to quantify and mitigate membrane fouling. Finally, perspectives on state-of-the-art techniques to facilitate better monitoring and control of such systems are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Tanudjaja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 37459, Singapore
| | - Charifa A Hejase
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Volodymyr V Tarabara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anthony G Fane
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 37459, Singapore; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
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29
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30
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A Review of Fouling Mechanisms, Control Strategies and Real-Time Fouling Monitoring Techniques in Forward Osmosis. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forward osmosis has gained tremendous attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads to flux decline, can cause operational problems and can result in negative consequences that can damage the membrane. Hereby, we attempt to review the different types of fouling in forward osmosis, cleaning and control strategies for fouling mitigation, and the impact of membrane hydrophilicity, charge and morphology on fouling. The fundamentals of biofouling, organic, colloidal and inorganic fouling are discussed with a focus on recent studies. We also review some of the in-situ real-time online fouling monitoring technologies for real-time fouling monitoring that can be applicable to future research on forward osmosis fouling studies. A brief discussion on critical flux and the coupled effects of fouling and concentration polarization is also provided.
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31
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Yuan XS, Guo ZY, Geng HZ, Rhen DS, Wang L, Yuan XT, Li J. Enhanced performance of conductive polysulfone/MWCNT/PANI ultrafiltration membrane in an online fouling monitoring application. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique visualizes and characterizes concentration polarization and fouling layer in the cross-flow nanofiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Meng BY, Li XY. In Situ Visualization of Concentration Polarization during Membrane Ultrafiltration Using Microscopic Laser-Induced Fluorescence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2660-2669. [PMID: 30694048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel noninvasive technique-microscopic laser-induced fluorescence (micro-LIF)-has been applied to achieve in situ visualization of concentration polarization (CP) of nanoparticles during cross-flow ultrafiltration at high resolutions. The reversible, highly dynamic nature of CP and its sensitive response to the filtration conditions were investigated and validated by direct visualization of the CP layer and the well depicted concentration profile near the membrane surface. Using micro-LIF, the formation of a CP layer during filtration and its back-diffusion after the filtration ceased can be directly observed. The dynamic variation of the CP layer with the cross-flow velocity and transmembrane pressure (TMP) change has also been demonstrated. The results showed that CP reached the steady state approximately 1 min after the filtration condition change. A higher cross-flow velocity and/or a lower TMP decrease the CP concentration and thickness. Further quantitative analysis of the filtration test results using the film theory model helps to obtain the particle concentration at the membrane surface and the thickness of the CP layer (30-50 μm). Accordingly, the nature of CP dynamics was characterized and the deficiency of the traditional CP model was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yang Meng
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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34
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Yu H, Wu Z, Zhang X, Qu F, Wang P, Liang H. Characterization of fluorescence foulants on ultrafiltration membrane using front-face excitation-emission matrix (FF-EEM) spectroscopy: Fouling evolution and mechanism analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:546-555. [PMID: 30445360 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of fouling behavior and mechanism is critical for fouling control in membrane processes. This study adopted a novel fluorescence front-face excitation-emission matrix (FF-EEM) approach to characterize the fluorescence foulants deposited on membrane surface. Methods for quantifying protein and humic substances deposited on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane were established. Foulants deposited on the membrane surface during the UF of model foulants (bovine serum albumin (BSA) and humic acids (HA)) and wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) were quantified using the FF-EEM and liquid EEM coupled with mass balance calculation. The foulants mass data obtained by FF-EEM were further used to analyze fouling mechanism involved in UF. The FF-EEM based method was more accurate than the liquid EEM based method, as the problems associated with liquid EEM based method (such as the error propagation in the mass balance calculation and the ineffectiveness of inner filter correction) were avoided in FF-EEM based method. The fouling resistance did not correlate well with the amount of foulants, as the major fouling mechanism instead of the mass of foulants mainly determined the extent of fouling. This work demonstrated FF-EEM could be a powerful tool for investigating fouling evolution and fouling mechanism in UF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Fangshu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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35
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Guan YF, Qian C, Chen W, Huang BC, Wang YJ, Yu HQ. Interaction between humic acid and protein in membrane fouling process: A spectroscopic insight. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 145:146-152. [PMID: 30130675 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling remains a major challenge for applying membrane technology to water treatment and, therefore, new tools to recognize the key foulants are essential for characterizing and evaluating the membrane fouling process. In this work, fluorescence excitation emission matrix coupled with parallel factor framework-clustering analysis was used to investigate the membrane fouling during the filtration process of humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution by polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. Interestingly, the interaction between BSA and HA in the membrane fouling process was observed, and was further confirmed by infrared microspectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the HA-induced membrane fouling was observed to be initially relieved, but became aggravated when a certain amount of BSA was added. Furthermore, with such an integrated approach, the OH groups in HA and amide bands in BSA were found to be mainly responsible for the membrane fouling and the HA-BSA interaction was mainly caused by the encapsulation of BSA with HA. This work develops a new method for probing membrane fouling and demonstrates the interaction between membrane foulants and its roles in membrane fouling process. Furthermore, the integrated approach developed in this work has a potential to explore other types of interfacial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yun-Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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36
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Role of ionic strength on protein fouling during ultrafiltration by synchronized UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Markwardt SD, Ronnie N, Camper AK. Non-destructive approaches for assessing biofouling of household reverse osmosis membranes. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:740-752. [PMID: 30270657 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1493106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study determined economic non-destructive methods to assess biofouling in point of use reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment systems. Three parallel household RO membrane units were operated under controlled feed water conditions to promote biofouling, inorganic fouling and a combination of both. Operational and biological parameters were monitored throughout the systems' lifespan. Membrane autopsies assessed the degree and type of fouling. Statistical models determined statistically relevant parameters for fouling types that were validated with membrane autopsies. Permeate flow rates decreased differently with biofouling vs inorganic fouling. Large increases in permeate conductivity were noted in membranes suffering from biofouling and not in inorganically fouled membranes. The concentration of cell clumps from detached biofilm in the retentate increased in membranes experiencing biofouling and no increase was seen for inorganically fouled membranes. A combination of these methods could be used to conveniently assess the types of fouling experienced by RO systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Markwardt
- a Center for Biofilm Engineering , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Nirmala Ronnie
- b Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre , Unilever R&D , Bangalore , India
| | - Anne K Camper
- a Center for Biofilm Engineering , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
- c Department of Civil Engineering , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
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38
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Chen W, Qian C, Zhou KG, Yu HQ. Molecular Spectroscopic Characterization of Membrane Fouling: A Critical Review. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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39
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Effects of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes having different outer diameters on hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane fabrication and characterization by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Trinh TA, Li W, Han Q, Liu X, Fane AG, Chew JW. Analyzing external and internal membrane fouling by oil emulsions via 3D optical coherence tomography. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Han Q, Li W, Trinh TA, Fane AG, Chew JW. Effect of the surface charge of monodisperse particulate foulants on cake formation. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Li L, Zhao R, Wang L, Wu S, Wang T. Correlation of surface concentration polarization with the surface electrochemistry of a permselective Membrane: An ex situ electrical impedance spectroscopy study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Jiang S, Li Y, Ladewig BP. A review of reverse osmosis membrane fouling and control strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:567-583. [PMID: 28399496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology is one of the most important technologies for water treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads to higher operating pressure, flux decline, frequent chemical cleaning and shorter membrane life. This paper reviews membrane fouling types and fouling control strategies, with a focus on the latest developments. The fundamentals of fouling are discussed in detail, including biofouling, organic fouling, inorganic scaling and colloidal fouling. Furthermore, fouling mitigation technologies are also discussed comprehensively. Pretreatment is widely used in practice to reduce the burden for the following RO operation while real time monitoring of RO has the advantage and potential of providing support for effective and efficient cleaning. Surface modification could slow down membrane fouling by changing surface properties such as surface smoothness and hydrophilicity, while novel membrane materials and synthesis processes build a promising future for the next generation of RO membranes with big advancements in fouling resistance. Especially in this review paper, statistical analysis is conducted where appropriate to reveal the research interests in RO fouling and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Jiang
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuening Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China
| | - Bradley P Ladewig
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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44
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Chen W, Qian C, Hong WL, Cheng JX, Yu HQ. Evolution of Membrane Fouling Revealed by Label-Free Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9580-9587. [PMID: 28795807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is the bottleneck that restricts the sustainability of membrane technology for environmental applications. Therefore, the development of novel analytical tools for characterizing membrane fouling processes is essential. In this work, we demonstrate a capability of probing the chemical structure of foulants and detecting their 3-dimentional spatial distribution on membranes based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy as a vibrational spectroscopic imaging approach. The adsorption process of foulants onto membrane surfaces and their aggregation process within membrane pores during the microfiltration of protein and polysaccharide solutions were clearly monitored. Pore constriction and cake layer formation were found to be the coupled membrane fouling mechanisms. This work establishes an ultrafast, highly sensitive, nondestructive and label-free imaging platform for the characterization of membrane fouling evolution. Furthermore, this work provides new insights into membrane fouling and offers a powerful tool for membrane-based process exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei-Li Hong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China
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45
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Thompson J, Rahardianto A, Kim S, Bilal M, Breckenridge R, Cohen Y. Real-time direct detection of silica scaling on RO membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Time-resolved monitoring of biofouling development on a flat sheet membrane using optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15. [PMID: 28148958 PMCID: PMC5428376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofouling on a membrane leads to significant performance decrease in filtration processes. In this study, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to perform a time-resolved analysis of dynamic biofouling development on a submerged membrane under continuous operation. A real-time change in the biofouling morphology was calculated through the image analysis of OCT scans. Three videos were generated through the acquisition of serial static images. This is the first study that displays the dynamic biofouling formation process as a video. The acquisition of OCT cross-sectional scans of the biofouling allowed to evaluate the time-lapsed evolution for three different time periods (early stage, double layers and long-term). Firstly, at the early filtration stage, membrane coverage and average biofouling layer thickness were found to be linearly correlated with the permeate flux pattern. Secondly, after 3 d of operation, an anomalous morphology was observed, constituted by a double-layered biofouling structure: denser on the bottom and looser on the top. In a long-term operation, the biofouling structure underwent a dynamic evolution over time, resulting in a multi-layered structure. The biofouling formation information was closely associated with filtration performance (i.e. flux) indicating the suitability of OCT as real-time and in-situ biofouling monitoring technique.
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47
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In-situ monitoring of biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes: Detection and mechanistic study using electrical impedance spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Cai X, Zhang Y, Yin L, Ding D, Jing W, Gu X. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for analyzing microstructure evolution of NaA zeolite membrane in acid water/ethanol solution. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Nir O, Trieu T, Bannwarth S, Wessling M. Microfiltration of deformable microgels. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6512-6517. [PMID: 27443387 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01345g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the separation, concentration and purification processes of soft nanoparticles is essential for numerous applications in water filtration, bioprocessing and blood separation. Here we report unique translocation and rejection features of sub-micron sized microgels during frontal filtration using membranes having micron-sized porosity. Simultaneously measuring the increase in hydraulic resistance and electrical impedance change allows us to clearly distinguish two deposition phases: (a) microgel accumulation within the depth of the membrane porosity and (b) subsequent formation of a thin gel layer on the membrane surface. Such distinction is impossible using only classical hydraulic resistance analysis. The methodology only requires the ratio of microgel to solution conductivity as an input parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Nir
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), Aachen, 52064, Germany.
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Li W, Liu X, Wang YN, Chong TH, Tang CY, Fane AG. Analyzing the Evolution of Membrane Fouling via a Novel Method Based on 3D Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6930-6939. [PMID: 27269635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel tools for studying the fouling behavior during membrane processes is critical. This work explored optical coherence tomography (OCT) to quantitatively interpret the formation of a cake layer during a membrane process; the quantitative analysis was based on a novel image processing method that was able to precisely resolve the 3D structure of the cake layer on a micrometer scale. Fouling experiments were carried out with foulants having different physicochemical characteristics (silica nanoparticles and bentonite particles). The cake layers formed at a series of times were digitalized using the OCT-based characterization. The specific deposit (cake volume/membrane surface area) and surface coverage were evaluated as a function of time, which for the first time provided direct experimental evidence for the transition of various fouling mechanisms. Axial stripes were observed in the grayscale plots showing the deposit distribution in the scanned area; this interesting observation was in agreement with the instability analysis that correlated the polarized particle groups with the small disturbances in the boundary layer. This work confirms that the OCT-based characterization is able to provide deep insights into membrane fouling processes and offers a powerful tool for exploring membrane processes with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Li
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
| | - Xin Liu
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
| | - Tzyy Haur Chong
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony G Fane
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
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