1
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Ding L, Azimi G. Mathematical modeling of rare earth element separation in electrodialysis with adjacent anion exchange membranes and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as chelating agent. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12240. [PMID: 38806606 PMCID: PMC11133418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This research delves into the effective use of electrodialysis for the separation of rare earth elements (REEs), specifically separating dysprosium (Dy) from praseodymium (Pr) and neodymium (Nd). A robust mathematical model based on the extended Nernst-Planck equation is introduced, simulating the process within a configuration that includes two adjacent anion exchange membranes. The model integrates aspects such as feed equilibrium, ion exchange within the membrane, and overall ion flux. Validation of the model's predictability was conducted through Chi-squared tests and root mean square error (RMSE) calculations, affirming its capability to accurately predict ion concentrations across different compartments. The study examines essential parameters such as applied voltage, rinse solution concentration, and feed concentration, assessing their impacts on separation performance and energy efficiency. Results indicate that higher voltages above 8 V, while speeding up separation, detrimentally impact energy use. It also highlights a critical balance in rinse solution concentration; lower concentrations below 0.05 mol/L enhance energy efficiency but may undercut separation efficacy due to early depletion. A linear correlation between the necessary rinse concentration and feed concentration was established, with higher feed concentrations demonstrating reduced specific energy consumption, thus enhancing overall efficiency. However, challenges remain in current efficiency due to the independent migration of SO42- ions in this specific setup. The findings advocate exploring alternative configurations, like alternating cation and anion exchange membranes, to optimize both environmental and economic aspects of REE separation. This study provides valuable insights and recommendations for refining electrodialysis systems in REE processing, contributing to sustainable and cost-effective electrodialysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyang Ding
- Laboratory for Strategic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Gisele Azimi
- Laboratory for Strategic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
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2
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Duan L, Yun Q, Jiang G, Teng D, Zhou G, Cao Y. A review of chloride ions removal from high chloride industrial wastewater: Sources, hazards, and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120184. [PMID: 38310791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
To reduce metal pipe corrosion, improve product quality, and meet zero liquid discharge (ZLD) criteria, managing chloride ion concentrations in industrial wastewaters from metallurgical and chemical sectors has become increasingly important. This review provides detailed information on the sources, concentration levels, and deleterious effects of chloride ions in representative industrial wastewaters, and also summarizes and discusses various chloride ion removal techniques, including precipitation, ion exchange, physical separation, and advanced oxidation (AOPs). Among these, AOPs are particularly promising due to their ability to couple with other technologies and the diversity of their auxiliary technologies. The development of dechlorination electrode materials by electro-adsorption (CDI) can be inspired by the electrode materials used in chloride ion battery (CIB). This review also provides insights into exploring the effective combination of multiple chloride removal mechanisms, as well as the development of environmentally friendly composite materials. This review provides a theoretical basis and development direction for the effective treatment and secondary utilization of chlorine-containing industrial wastewater in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Qinghang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Gaoliang Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Daoguang Teng
- The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Guoli Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yijun Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Al-Amshawee SKA, Yunus MYBM. Electrodialysis membrane desalination with diagonal membrane spacers: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28727-y. [PMID: 37620701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrodialysis desalination uses ion exchange membranes, membrane spacers, and conductors to remove salt from water. Membrane spacers, made of polymeric strands, reduce concentration polarization. These spacers have properties such as porosity and filament shape that affect their performance. One important property is the spacer-bulk attack angle. This study systematically reviews the characteristics of a 45° attack angle of spacers and its effects on concentration polarization and fluid dynamics. Membrane spacers in a channel create distinct flow fields and concentration profiles. When set at a 45° attack angle, spacers provide greater turbulence and mass-heat transfer than traditional spacers. This is because both the transverse and longitudinal filaments become diagonal in relation to the bulk flow direction. A lower attack angle (<45°) results in a lower pressure drop coupled with a decline in wakes and stream disruption because when the filaments are more parallel to the primary fluid direction, the poorer their affect. This research concludes that membrane spacers with a 45° spacer-bulk attack angle function optimally compared to other angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Khudhur Abbas Al-Amshawee
- Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem and Earth Resources (Earth Centre), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Yusri Bin Mohd Yunus
- Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem and Earth Resources (Earth Centre), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
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Sharma PP, Mohammed S, Aburabie J, Hashaikeh R. Valorization of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Brine by Monovalent Ion-Selective Membranes through Electrodialysis. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:562. [PMID: 37367766 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes the use of monovalent selective electrodialysis technology to concentrate the valuable sodium chloride (NaCl) component present in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brine for direct utilization in the chlor-alkali industry. To enhance monovalent selectivity, a polyamide selective layer was fabricated on commercial ion exchange membranes (IEMs) through interfacial polymerization (IP) of piperazine (PIP) and 1,3,5-Benzenetricarbonyl chloride (TMC). The IP-modified IEMs were characterized using various techniques to investigate changes in chemical structure, morphology, and surface charge. Ion chromatography (IC) analysis showed that the divalent rejection rate was more than 90% for IP-modified IEMs, compared to less than 65% for commercial IEMs. Electrodialysis results demonstrated that the SWRO brine was successfully concentrated to 14.9 g/L NaCl at a power consumption rate of 3.041 kWh/kg, indicating the advantageous performance of the IP-modified IEMs. Overall, the proposed monovalent selective electrodialysis technology using IP-modified IEMs has the potential to provide a sustainable solution for the direct utilization of NaCl in the chlor-alkali industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem P Sharma
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shabin Mohammed
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jamaliah Aburabie
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raed Hashaikeh
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
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Barros KS, Carvalheira M, Marreiros BC, Reis MAM, Crespo JG, Pérez-Herranz V, Velizarov S. Donnan Dialysis for Recovering Ammonium from Fermentation Solutions Rich in Volatile Fatty Acids. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:347. [PMID: 36984733 PMCID: PMC10054700 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) using nitrogen-rich feedstocks (e.g., protein-rich resources), the typical strategy of restricting cell growth as a means to enhance overall PHA productivity by nitrogen limitation is not applicable. In this case, a possible alternative to remove the nitrogen excess (NH4+/NH3) is by applying membrane separation processes. In the present study, the use of Donnan dialysis to separate ammonium ions from volatile fatty acids present in the media for the production of PHA was evaluated. Synthetic and real feed solutions were used, applying NaCl and HCl receiver solutions separated by commercial cation-exchange membranes. For this specific purpose, Fumasep and Ralex membranes showed better performance than Ionsep. Sorption of ammonium ions occurred in the Ralex membrane, thus intensifying the ammonium extraction. The separation performances with NaCl and HCl as receiver solutions were similar, despite sorption occurring in the Ralex membrane more intensely in the presence of NaCl. Higher volumetric flow rates, NaCl receiver concentrations, and volume ratios of feed:receiver solutions enhanced the degree of ammonium recovery. The application of an external electric potential difference to the two-compartment system did not significantly enhance the rate of ammonium appearance in the receiver solution. The results obtained using a real ammonium-containing solution after fermentation of cheese whey showed that Donnan dialysis can be successfully applied for ammonium recovery from such solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Santana Barros
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071 València, Spain
| | - Mónica Carvalheira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa Marreiros
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Ascensão M. Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Goulão Crespo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Valentín Pérez-Herranz
- IEC Group, ISIRYM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071 València, Spain
| | - Svetlozar Velizarov
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Cournoyer A, Bazinet L. Electrodialysis Processes an Answer to Industrial Sustainability: Toward the Concept of Eco-Circular Economy?-A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:205. [PMID: 36837708 PMCID: PMC9962313 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater and by-product treatments are substantial issues with consequences for our society, both in terms of environmental impacts and economic losses. With an overall global objective of sustainable development, it is essential to offer eco-efficient and circular solutions. Indeed, one of the major solutions to limit the use of new raw materials and the production of wastes is the transition toward a circular economy. Industries must find ways to close their production loops. Electrodialysis (ED) processes such as conventional ED, selective ED, ED with bipolar membranes, and ED with filtration membranes are processes that have demonstrated, in the past decades and recently, their potential and eco-efficiency. This review presents the most recent valorization opportunities among different industrial sectors (water, food, mining, chemistry, etc.) to manage waste or by-product resources through electrodialysis processes and to improve global industrial sustainability by moving toward circular processes. The limitations of existing studies are raised, especially concerning eco-efficiency. Indeed, electrodialysis processes can be optimized to decrease energy consumption and costs, and to increase efficiency; however, eco-efficiency scores should be determined to compare electrodialysis with conventional processes and support their advantages. The review shows the high potential of the different types of electrodialysis processes to treat wastewaters and liquid by-products in order to add value or to generate new raw materials. It also highlights the strong interest in using eco-efficient processes within a circular economy. The ideal scenario for sustainable development would be to make a transition toward an eco-circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Department of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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7
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Fu R, Wang H, Yan J, Li R, Wang B, Jiang C, Wang Y, Xu T. A cost-effective and high-efficiency online ED-BMED integrated system enables the conversion of 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution into 6.20 mol/L NaOH. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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8
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Wang H, Yan J, Song W, Jiang C, Wang Y, Xu T. Ion exchange membrane related processes towards carbon capture, utilization and storage: Current trends and perspectives. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Dou W, Peng X, Kong L, Hu X. A review on the removal of Cl(-I) with high concentration from industrial wastewater: Approaches and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153909. [PMID: 35183638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of wastewaters containing high concentrations of Cl(-I) can be generated in several industries when chloride-containing materials and additive agents are employed. Because Cl(-I) is unavailable to microorganisms, physicochemical methods are generally used for the removal of Cl(-I); however, as the most stable form of chlorine under aqueous conditions, Cl(-I) in wastewaters is difficult to remove to achieve low residual concentrations through common physicochemical methods. This paper provides new insights into traditional precipitation, oxidation, ion exchange and physical separation methods, as well as newly developed approaches, for Cl(-I) removal from various industrial wastewaters through analysis of the mechanisms, applicable conditions, optimum parameters, and method advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the developmental trends and potential improvements to these approaches are also presented. Currently, precipitation is the most common and efficient Cl(-I) removal method, for which ultraviolet (UV) light is regarded as an effective means of improvement. Additionally, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), where Cl(-I) can be oxidized to generate Cl radicals, Cl2- radicals, Cl2 gas, etc., show great promise for Cl(-I) removal. This review provides a theoretical foundation for the effective treatment and for the secondary utilization of industrial wastewaters containing Cl(-I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Dou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China.
| | - Xianjia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linghao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xingyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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10
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Zhang W, Yu S, Zhao H, Ji X, Ning R. Vacuum membrane distillation for seawater concentrate treatment coupled with microbubble aeration cleaning to alleviate membrane fouling. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Du C, Runhong Du J, Feng X, Du F, Cheng F, Ali ME. Pervaporation-assisted desalination of seawater reverse osmosis brine. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Review: Brine Solution: Current Status, Future Management and Technology Development. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Desalination brine is extremely concentrated saline water; it contains various salts, nutrients, heavy metals, organic contaminants, and microbial contaminants. Conventional disposal of desalination brine has negative impacts on natural and marine ecosystems that increase the levels of toxicity and salinity. These issues demand the development of brine management technologies that can lead to zero liquid discharge. Brine management can be productive by adopting economically feasible methodologies, which enables the recovery of valuable resources like freshwater, minerals, and energy. This review focuses on the recent advances in brine management using various membrane/thermal-based technologies and their applicability in water, mineral, and energy recoveries, considering their pros and cons. This review also exemplifies the hybrid processes for metal recovery and zero liquid discharge that may be adopted, so far, as an appropriate futuristic strategy. The data analyzed and outlook presented in this review could definitely contribute to the development of economically achievable future strategies for sustainable brine management.
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Kim N, Jeong S, Go W, Kim Y. A Na + ion-selective desalination system utilizing a NASICON ceramic membrane. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118250. [PMID: 35278915 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seawater is a virtually unlimited source of minerals and water. Hence, electrodialysis (ED) is an attractive route for selective seawater desalination due to the selectivity of its ion exchange membrane (IEM) toward the target ion. However, a solution-like IEM, which is permeable to water and ions other than the target ion, results in the leakage of water as well as extraction of unwanted ions. This degrades the productivity and purity of the system. In this study, A novel desalination system was developed by replacing the cation exchange membrane (CEM) with a Na super ionic conductor (NASICON) in ED. NASICON exceptionally permits Na+ ion migration, and this enhanced the productivity of desalted water by removing 98% of Na+ while retaining water and other cationic minerals. Therefore, the final volume of desalted water in N-ED was 1.36 times larger compared to that of ED. In addition, the specific energy consumption for salt (NaCl) extraction was reduced by ∼13%. Furthermore, the NASICON in N-ED was replaced into a two-sided NASICON-structured rechargeable seawater battery, thereby further conserving ∼20% energy by simultaneously coupling selective desalination with energy storage. Our findings have positive implications and further optimizations of the NASICON will enable practical and energy-effective applications for seawater utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namhyeok Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Go
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; R&D Center, 4TOONE Corporation, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Sustainable Treatment and Resource Recovery of Anion Exchange Spent Brine by Pilot-Scale Electrodialysis and Ultrafiltration. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030273. [PMID: 35323747 PMCID: PMC8953537 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The anion exchange (AIX) spent brine, generated during the NDMP-3 resin regeneration process, highly loaded with organic substances mainly humic substances (HSs) and salts (mainly NaCl) remains an environmental concern. In this study, pilot-scale electro dialysis (ED) and ultrafiltration (UF) hybrid technologies were first used to recover NaCl solution as a resin regeneration agent and HSs, which could be utilized as a vital ingredient of organic fertilizer, from the AIX spent brine. Recovered ≈ 15% w/w NaCl solution obtained by two-stage pilot-scale ED can be used to regenerate saturated NDMP-3 anion exchange resins; the regeneration−readsorption performance of NDMP-3 resins was equivalent to that of fresh ≈ 15% w/w NaCl solution. The two-stage dilute solution with low-salt content (0.49% w/w) was further concentrated by pilot-scale UF, so that the HS content in the retentate solution was >30 g/L, which meets the HS content required for water-soluble organic fertilizers. The HS liquid fertilizer could significantly stimulate the growth of green vegetables with no phytotoxicity, mainly due to special properties of HSs. These results demonstrate that ED + UF hybrid technologies can be a promising approach for the sustainable treatment and resource recovery of AIX spent brine.
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15
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Sun B, Zhang M, Huang S, Cao Z, Lu L, Zhang X. Study on mass transfer performance and membrane resistance in concentration of high salinity solutions by electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Zhu Y, Yan H, Lu F, Su Y, Li W, An J, Wang Y, Xu T. Electrodialytic concentration of landfill leachate effluent: Lab- and pilot-scale test, and assessment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Chen QB, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Li PF, Xu Y. Sustainable disposal of seawater brine by novel hybrid electrodialysis system: Fine utilization of mixed salts. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117335. [PMID: 34175727 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable seawater brine treatment demands an essential paradigm shift for effective recovery of resources and high value utilization of mixed-salts. Here, a novel hybrid electrodialysis (ED) system was proposed that integrated an innovative hybrid selective ED (HSED) and a developed selective bipolar membrane ED (SBMED). The HSED process allowed simultaneous recovery of major divalent cations and anions from seawater brine when NaCl was selectively enriched. Then, the impure NaCl-rich stream was fed directly into the SBMED process for acid/base preparation without any purification pretreatment. Detailed analysis of the HSED process showed that increasing unit voltage from 2.33 V to 2.67 V would improve the removal ratio of Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42- from 54.7%, 41.4% and 13.3% to 78.9%, 76.6% and 32.1%, respectively. In addition, the increment of initial concentration of product streams promoted the transport of various ions from the feed and middle compartments. The fine utilization performance, in terms of ionic removal ratio and fractionation ratio of divalent ions in the HSED process, was more limited by the initial concentration of product streams. Furthermore, the SBMED stack was found to have nearly identical performance over five cycles, indicating that the presence of a trace amount of hardness cations did not induce scaling. The current study thus provided a novel suitable strategy with a perspective of fine utilization for practical applications in sustainable disposal of seawater brine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bai Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianyou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinli Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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19
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Yoon J, Flavin MT, Han J. Current efficiency and selectivity reduction caused by co-ion leakage in electromembrane processes. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117351. [PMID: 34161873 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In electromembrane processes such as electrodialysis (ED) and ion concentration polarization (ICP), the diffusion layers on both diluate and concentrate sides influence permselectivity of the ion-exchange membrane and current utilization. The diffusion layer in the diluate stream, due to lower salinity and higher resistivity, has been regarded as the primary source of energy loss. In contrast, very few studies have focused on the diffusion layer in the concentrate stream. In this paper, we evaluate the influence of hydrodynamic convective flow on the development of diffusion layers on both concentrate and diluate sides, specifically in the ICP desalination process. Interestingly, the higher convective flow in the concentrate side was shown to drastically improve the current utilization drop in high operating current, which has been a recurring challenge in electromembrane processes. We attribute this to the prevention of co-ion leakage into the membrane, confirmed by both experimentation and numerical modeling. This new insight has a clear design implication for optimizing electromembrane processes for higher energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyo Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew T Flavin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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20
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Bello AS, Zouari N, Da'ana DA, Hahladakis JN, Al-Ghouti MA. An overview of brine management: Emerging desalination technologies, life cycle assessment, and metal recovery methodologies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112358. [PMID: 33770726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines which management methods are the most recent and advanced in managing rejected brine generated from desalination plants. It also provides up-to-date information regarding the most adequate technologies that generate a minimum quantity of rejected brine via the use of minimization techniques and analyzes the method of direct disposal that has lately received noticeable improvements. It further discusses the reuse of discarded brine to recover valuable goods and sequestration of carbon dioxide. Sustainability is an important parameter that needs consideration to achieve uninterrupted operation of the discarded brine management to achieve the least environmental, social, and economic aftermath. To properly deal with any environmental issues related to brine disposal, different methods are implemented so that, in the end, higher water recovery is achievable from the desalination processes, namely brine minimization and rejection technologies (pressure retarded osmosis, microbial desalination cell technology), membrane-based technologies (vibratory shear enhanced processing, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, electrodialysis reverse, and electrodialysis metathesis, pervaporation method, thermal-based technologies (wind-aided intensified evaporation, brine concentrators, ohmic evaporator, membrane distillation, multi-stage flash distillation. This review also critically examined the two conventional approaches commonly used in life cycle assessment (LCA), when evaluating the ecotoxic effect of discarded brine. It intends to discuss the currently available methods and propose an improved method for evaluating the toxicity potential of brine on the aquatic ecosystem originated from seawater desalination plants. The Group-by-Group method takes into consideration the demerits of the two methods of the traditional method of LCA or chemical-specific approach as it provides a more holistic coverage for complicated brine to be disposed of. Recently, attention has been focused on recovering valuable metals from the discharged concentrated brine waste. Certainly, attaining marketable products from the discharged concentrated brine would offer an economic benefit and reducing the whole desalination costs. Ion imprinting polymers have potential applications in metal recovery from brine. Finding selective, more efficient, and less expensive imprinted polymers for extraction/pre-concentration of valuable ions is a vital and challenging task. Lastly, the brine should be seen as a resource and not as a waste to attain sustainability in its management approaches. Hybrid processes would be highly recommended to get the absolute transformation of the discarded brine from desalination processes to more valuable constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale S Bello
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Nabil Zouari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Dana A Da'ana
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - John N Hahladakis
- Waste Management Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammad A Al-Ghouti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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21
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Lalia BS, Khalil A, Hashaikeh R. Selective electrochemical separation and recovery of calcium and magnesium from brine. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Zhang C, Ma J, Wu L, Sun J, Wang L, Li T, Waite TD. Flow Electrode Capacitive Deionization (FCDI): Recent Developments, Environmental Applications, and Future Perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4243-4267. [PMID: 33724803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing severity of global water scarcity, a myriad of scientific activities is directed toward advancing brackish water desalination and wastewater remediation technologies. Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), a newly developed electrochemically driven ion removal approach combining ion-exchange membranes and flowable particle electrodes, has been actively explored over the past seven years, driven by the possibility of energy-efficient, sustainable, and fully continuous production of high-quality fresh water, as well as flexible management of the particle electrodes and concentrate stream. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current advances of this interesting technology with particular attention given to FCDI principles, designs (including cell architecture and electrode and separator options), operational modes (including approaches to management of the flowable electrodes), characterizations and modeling, and environmental applications (including water desalination, resource recovery, and contaminant abatement). Furthermore, we introduce the definitions and performance metrics that should be used so that fair assessments and comparisons can be made between different systems and separation conditions. We then highlight the most pressing challenges (i.e., operation and capital cost, scale-up, and commercialization) in the full-scale application of this technology. We conclude this state-of-the-art review by considering the overall outlook of the technology and discussing areas requiring particular attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Wu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jingyi Sun
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tianyu Li
- Beijing Origin Water Membrane Technology Company Limited, Huairou, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P. R. China
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23
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Effects of inorganic ions on the transfer of weak organic acids and their salts in electrodialysis process. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Environmental Remediation of Desalination Plant Outfall Brine Discharge from Heavy Metals and Salinity Using Halloysite Nanoclay. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Halloysite (HS) nanoclay was used for the environmental treatment of desalination brine water discharge via the adsorptive removal of selected heavy metals ions; zinc, iron, nickel, and copper, as well as salinity. Different techniques were used for the characterization of the HS nanoclay and it was found that HS nanoclay exists as transparent hollow nanotubes with high surface area. The study showed that most of the heavy metal ions could be removed successfully using the HS nanoclay in a few minutes, at normal conditions. The adsorptive removal of zinc, iron, nickel, and copper, as well as salinity on HS nanoclay was explored kinetically. It was concluded that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was able to describe the remediation process. In addition, it was found that most of the heavy metals and salinity were removed from the desalination plant outfall brine discharge and the final concentrations were lower than those in the control and standard samples.
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25
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Wu L, Ge L, Xu T. Ion Exchange Membrane “
ABC
” – A Key Material for Upgrading Process Industries. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Liang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Liang Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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26
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Application of Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization for modelling and optimization of biosorption of Lead(II) and Nickel(II) from wastewater using dead cyanobacterial biomass. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Kingsbury R, Coronell O. Modeling and validation of concentration dependence of ion exchange membrane permselectivity: Significance of convection and Manning's counter-ion condensation theory. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Sarapulova V, Pismenskaya N, Titorova V, Sharafan M, Wang Y, Xu T, Zhang Y, Nikonenko V. Transport Characteristics of CJMAED™ Homogeneous Anion Exchange Membranes in Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1415. [PMID: 33572516 PMCID: PMC7866833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the ion exchange capacity, water content and concentration dependences of conductivity, diffusion permeability, and counterion transport numbers (counterion permselectivity) of CJMA-3, CJMA-6 and CJMA-7 (Hefei Chemjoy Polymer Materials Co. Ltd., China) anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) is analyzed using the application of the microheterogeneous model to experimental data. The structure-properties relationship for these membranes is examined when they are bathed by NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions. These results are compared with the characteristics of the well-studied homogenous Neosepta AMX (ASTOM Corporation, Japan) and heterogeneous AMH-PES (Mega a.s., Czech Republic) anion-exchange membranes. It is found that the CJMA-6 membrane has the highest counterion permselectivity (chlorides, sulfates) among the CJMAED series membranes, very close to that of the AMX membrane. The CJMA-3 membrane has the transport characteristics close to the AMH-PES membrane. The CJMA-7 membrane has the lowest exchange capacity and the highest volume fraction of the intergel spaces filled with an equilibrium electroneutral solution. These properties predetermine the lowest counterion transport number in CJMA-7 among other investigated AEMs, which nevertheless does not fall below 0.87 even in 1.0 eq L-1 solutions of NaCl or Na2SO4. One of the reasons for the decrease in the permselectivity of CJMAED membranes is the extended macropores, which are localized at the ion-exchange material/reinforcing cloth boundaries. In relatively concentrated solutions, the electric current prefers to pass through these well-conductive but nonselective macropores rather than the highly selective but low-conductive elements of the gel phase. It is shown that the counterion permselectivity of the CJMA-7 membrane can be significantly improved by coating its surface with a dense homogeneous ion-exchange film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sarapulova
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (N.P.); (V.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Natalia Pismenskaya
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (N.P.); (V.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Valentina Titorova
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (N.P.); (V.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Sharafan
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (N.P.); (V.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Yaoming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Y.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Y.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhenzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China;
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (N.P.); (V.T.); (M.S.)
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29
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Li FR, Jia YX, Guo RQ, Wang M. Preparation of composite anion-exchange membrane with acid-blocking performance for brine reclamation by bipolar membrane electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Xiao X, Shehzad MA, Yasmin A, Ge Z, Liang X, Sheng F, Ji W, Ge X, Wu L, Xu T. Anion permselective membranes with chemically-bound carboxylic polymer layer for fast anion separation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Gurreri L, Tamburini A, Cipollina A, Micale G. Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E146. [PMID: 32660014 PMCID: PMC7408617 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10070146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a membrane process of separation under the action of an electric field, where ions are selectively transported across ion-exchange membranes. ED of both conventional or unconventional fashion has been tested to treat several waste or spent aqueous solutions, including effluents from various industrial processes, municipal wastewater or salt water treatment plants, and animal farms. Properties such as selectivity, high separation efficiency, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for desalination and other treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED technologies can be used in operations of concentration, dilution, desalination, regeneration, and valorisation to reclaim wastewater and recover water and/or other products, e.g., heavy metal ions, salts, acids/bases, nutrients, and organics, or electrical energy. Intense research activity has been directed towards developing enhanced or novel systems, showing that zero or minimal liquid discharge approaches can be techno-economically affordable and competitive. Despite few real plants having been installed, recent developments are opening new routes for the large-scale use of ED techniques in a plethora of treatment processes for wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Tamburini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.G.); (A.C.); (G.M.)
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32
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Zhu H, Yang B, Gao C, Wu Y. Ion transfer modeling based on Nernst–Planck theory for saline water desalination during electrodialysis process. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhu
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & TechnologyZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
- Hangzhou Water Treatment Technology Development Center Co., Ltd. Hangzhou China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hangzhou Water Treatment Technology Development Center Co., Ltd. Hangzhou China
| | - Congjie Gao
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & TechnologyZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Yaqin Wu
- Hangzhou Water Treatment Technology Development Center Co., Ltd. Hangzhou China
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33
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Wei X, Wang Y, Yan H, Wu K, Xu T. Purification of Methylsulfonylmethane from Mixtures Containing Salt by Conventional Electrodialysis. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10020023. [PMID: 32024057 PMCID: PMC7074376 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is one of the main sources of sulfur for living bodies, but it is hard to obtain as a pure compound. Conventional electrodialysis (CED) is a mature technology that can be used for the separation and purification of biochemical products. In this study, the purification of MSM from mixtures containing salt was performed by CED. The effects of operating conditions such as operation voltage drop, feed MSM concentration, and electrolyte salt concentration on the separation performances were investigated. The results showed that the current efficiency reached 74.0%, and the energy consumption could be 12.3 Wh·L−1. As for the recovery rate and desalination rate, the highest recovery rate could be 97.4%, and the desalination rate was 98.5%. Based on process energy consumption calculation, the total cost of the whole process was estimated at only 2.34 $·t−1. Thus, CED is highly efficient and cost-effective for the separation and purification of MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlai Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Precaution and Ecological Rehabilitation of Anhui, School of Biology, Food and Environment Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yaoming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haiyang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Precaution and Ecological Rehabilitation of Anhui, School of Biology, Food and Environment Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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34
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Herrero-Gonzalez M, Admon N, Dominguez-Ramos A, Ibañez R, Wolfson A, Irabien A. Environmental sustainability assessment of seawater reverse osmosis brine valorization by means of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1256-1266. [PMID: 30919196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The integration of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) with seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) process influences the two main environmental burdens of SWRO desalination process: climate change, accounted here as carbon footprint (CF) and associated to the high-energy consumption, and the environmental alteration of the vicinities of the facility, due to brine disposal. EDBM powered by photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is able to meet the above-mentioned challenges that arise in SWRO desalination. In addition, HCl and NaOH, both employed in the desalination industry, can be produced from the brines. Hence, environmental benefits regarding the potential self-supply can be achieved. The environmental sustainability assessment by means of life cycle assessment (LCA) of a SWRO and EDBM has been carried out considering four different scenarios. The percentage of treated brines and the influence of the grid mix used for electric power supply has been taken into account. The three different electric power supplies were 100.0% renewable energy (PV solar energy), 36.0% renewable energy (average Spanish grid mix), and 1.9% (average Israeli grid mix). The results showed that the CF per unit of volume produced freshwater for SWRO and the self-supply reagent production scenario for the three Spanish grid mix, the Israeli grid mix, and the PV solar energy were 6.96 kg CO2-eq·m-3, 12.57 kg CO2-eq·m-3, and 2.17 kg CO2-eq·m-3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herrero-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - Noy Admon
- Green Processes Center, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, 56 Bialik St, 84100, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Raquel Ibañez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Adi Wolfson
- Green Processes Center, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, 56 Bialik St, 84100, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Angel Irabien
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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35
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Talebi S, Kee E, Chen GQ, Bathurst K, Kentish SE. Utilisation of salty whey ultrafiltration permeate with electrodialysis. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Panagopoulos A, Haralambous KJ, Loizidou M. Desalination brine disposal methods and treatment technologies - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133545. [PMID: 31374511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brine, also known as concentrate, is the by-product of the desalination process that has an adverse impact on the environment due to its high salinity. Hence, viable and cost-effective brine management systems are needed to reduce environmental pollution. Currently, various disposal methods have been practiced, including surface water discharge, sewer discharge, deep-well injection, evaporation ponds and land application. However, these brine disposal methods are unsustainable and restricted by high capital costs and non-universal application. Nowadays, brine treatment is considered one of the most promising alternatives to brine disposal, since treatment results in the reduction of environmental pollution, minimization of waste volume and production of freshwater with high recovery. This review article evaluates current practices in brine management, including disposal methods and treatment technologies. Based upon the side-by-side comparison of technologies, a brine treatment technology framework is introduced to outline the Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) approach through high freshwater recovery and wastewater volume minimization. Furthermore, an overview of brine characteristics and its sources, as well as its negative impact on the environment is discussed. Finally, the paper highlights future research areas for brine treatment technologies aiming to enhance the effectiveness and viability of desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris Panagopoulos
- Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Katherine-Joanne Haralambous
- Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Loizidou
- Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece.
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37
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Irfan M, Xu T, Ge L, Wang Y, Xu T. Zwitterion structure membrane provides high monovalent/divalent cation electrodialysis selectivity: Investigating the effect of functional groups and operating parameters. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sarapulova V, Shkorkina I, Mareev S, Pismenskaya N, Kononenko N, Larchet C, Dammak L, Nikonenko V. Transport Characteristics of Fujifilm Ion-Exchange Membranes as Compared to Homogeneous Membranes АМХ and СМХ and to Heterogeneous Membranes MK-40 and MA-41. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E84. [PMID: 31337131 PMCID: PMC6680501 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9070084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) find more and more applications; the success of an application depends on the properties of the membranes selected for its realization. For the first time, the results of a comprehensive characterization of the transport properties of IEMs from three manufactures (Astom, Japan; Shchekinoazot, Russia; and Fujifilm, The Netherlands) are reported. Our own and literature data are presented and analyzed using the microheterogeneous model. Homogeneous Neosepta AMX and CMX (Astom), heterogeneous MA-41 and MK-40 (Shchekinoazot), and AEM Type-I, AEM Type-II, AEM Type-X, as well as CEM Type-I, CEM Type-II, and CEM Type-X produced by the electrospinning method (Fujifim) were studied. The concentration dependencies of the conductivity, diffusion permeability, as well as the real and apparent ion transport numbers in these membranes were measured. The counterion transport number characterizing the membrane permselectivity increases in the following order: CEM Type-I ≅ MA-41 < AEM Type-I < MK-40 < CMX ≅ CEM Type-II ≅ CEM Type-X ≅ AEM Type-II < AMX < AEM Type-X. It is shown that the properties of the AEM Type-I and CEM Type-I membranes are close to those of the heterogeneous MA-41 and MK-40 membranes, while the properties of Fujifilm Type-II and Type-X membranes are close to those of the homogeneous AMX and CMX membranes. This difference is related to the fact that the Type-I membranes have a relatively high parameter f2, the volume fraction of the electroneutral solution filling the intergel spaces. This high value is apparently due to the open-ended pores, formed by the reinforcing fabric filaments of the Type-I membranes, which protrude above the surface of these membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sarapulova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Inna Shkorkina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Semyon Mareev
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Natalia Pismenskaya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia.
| | - Natalia Kononenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Christian Larchet
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est, 2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Lasaad Dammak
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est, 2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
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Xu Y, Sun Y, Ma Z, Wang R, Wang X, Wang J, Wang L, Gao X, Gao J. Response surface modeling and optimization of electrodialysis for reclamation of RO concentrates in coal-fired power plants. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1640251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R.China
| | - Yongchao Sun
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R.China
| | - Zhun Ma
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R.China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R.China
| | - Xiuju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, SOA, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Liguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Xueli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R.China
| | - Jun Gao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R.China
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40
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Numerical Estimation of Limiting Current Density by Focusing on Mass Transfer within Porous Spacers in an Electro-Dialysis. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9070075. [PMID: 31261728 PMCID: PMC6680387 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9070075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Estimating and increasing limiting current density (LCD) levels is of fundamental importance for the development of electrodialysis (ED) systems, and it is becoming clear that the use of porous spacers can significantly increase such LCD levels. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical simulation was proposed for evaluating the mass transfer within a porous spacer unit cell and for estimating LCD levels. It was found that our proposed method is effective for estimating the minimum value of an LCD, which is a significant factor related to the safe operation of ED systems. Furthermore, it was found that increasing the minimum effective Sherwood number provides a key to increasing LCD levels. Porous spacer design guidelines were proposed based on the numerical simulation results, after which a new spacer was introduced, designed according to those guidelines. It was found that flow disturbances on the membrane caused by porous spacer structures can lead to increases in effective Sherwood numbers and that LCD levels could be increased by eliminating the flow stagnation behind the structures on the membrane. The LCD of our new spacer was found to be higher than that of the spacers with the highest LCD levels in use at present. Therefore, we can conclude that the proposed design guidelines are effective for increasing LCD levels.
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Pan J, Zhang W, Ruan H, Shen J, Gao C. Separation of mixed salts (Cl−/SO42−) by ED based on monovalent anion selective membranes. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Chen QB, Ren H, Tian Z, Sun L, Wang J. Conversion and pre-concentration of SWRO reject brine into high solubility liquid salts (HSLS) by using electrodialysis metathesis. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Hao L, Liao J, Liu Y, Ruan H, Sotto A, der Bruggen BV, Shen J. Highly conductive anion exchange membranes with low water uptake and performance evaluation in electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Zhao Z, Shi S, Cao H, Li Y, Van der Bruggen B. Comparative studies on fouling of homogeneous anion exchange membranes by different structured organics in electrodialysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 77:218-228. [PMID: 30573086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Five negatively charged organic compounds with different structures, sodium methane sulfonate (MS), sodium benzene sulfonate (BS), sodium 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate (NSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), were used to examine the fouling of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) in electrodialysis (ED), to explore the effect of molecular characteristics on the fouling behavior on the AEM and changes in the surface and electrochemical properties of the AEM. Results indicated that the fouling degree of the AEM by the different organics followed the order: SDBS > SDS > NSS > BS > MS. SDBS and SDS formed a dense fouling layer on the surface of the AEM, which was the main factor in the much more severe membrane fouling, and completely restricted the transmembrane ion migration. The other three organics caused fouling of the AEM by adsorption on the surface and /or accumulation in the interlayer of the AEM, and exhibited almost no influence on the transmembrane ion migration. It was also concluded that the organics with benzene rings caused more severe fouling of the AEM due to the stronger affinity interaction and steric effect between the organics and the AEM compared with organics with aliphatic chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Zhao
- Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, CAS key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Beijing Research Center of Process Pollution Control, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaoyuan Shi
- Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, CAS key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Beijing Research Center of Process Pollution Control, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, CAS key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Beijing Research Center of Process Pollution Control, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujiao Li
- Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, CAS key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Beijing Research Center of Process Pollution Control, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Kamaz M, Sengupta A, Gutierrez A, Chiao YH, Wickramasinghe R. Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050685. [PMID: 30813570 PMCID: PMC6427550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) has been conducted to treat hydraulic fracturing-produced water using polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) membranes. Tailoring the surface properties of the membrane is critical in order to reduce the rate of adsorption of dissolved organic species as well as mineral salts. The PVDF membranes have been modified by grafting zwitterion and polyionic liquid-based polymer chains. In addition, surface oxidation of the PVDF membrane has been conducted using KMnO4 and NaOH. Surface modification conditions were chosen in order to minimize the decrease in contact angle. Thus, the membranes remain hydrophobic, essential for suppression of wetting. DCMD was conducted using the base PVDF membrane as well as modified membranes. In addition, DCMD was conducted on the base membrane using produced water (PW) that was pretreated by electrocoagulation to remove dissolved organic compounds. After DCMD all membranes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy imaging as well as Energy-Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy. Surface modification led to a greater volume of PW being treated by the membrane prior to drastic flux decline. The results indicate that tailoring the surface properties of the membrane enhances fouling resistance and could reduce pretreatment requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Kamaz
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA.
| | - Arijit Sengupta
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA.
| | - Ashley Gutierrez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chiao
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA.
| | - Ranil Wickramasinghe
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA.
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Adsorption of Organic Constituents from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate in Coal Chemical Industry by Coking Coal. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To solve the unwieldy problem of coal chemical wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), a novel treatment method in which coking coal was used to adsorb the organic from ROC and the adsorption mechanism involved was investigated. The results showed that the organic components in the ROC of coal chemical industry can be effectively absorbed by the coking coal and the total organic carbon, UV254 and chromaticity of treated ROC reduced by 70.18%, 70.15% and 59.55%, respectively, at the coking coal dosage of 80 g/L. The isothermal adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir model well. The kinetics were expressed well by the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The intragranular diffusion model and the BET (Acronym for three scientists: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) test showed that the adsorption occurred mainly on the surface of the coking coal and its macropores and mesopores. When the pollutants further diffused to the mesopores and micropores, the adsorption rate decreased. The result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed that the coking coal mainly adsorbed the nitrogen and oxygen species and the halogenated hydrocarbon organic compounds in the ROC. The chlorinated hydrocarbons and heterocyclic organics in ROC are adsorbed on the surface of coking coal.
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47
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Yan H, Wang Y, Wu L, Shehzad MA, Jiang C, Fu R, Liu Z, Xu T. Multistage-batch electrodialysis to concentrate high-salinity solutions: Process optimisation, water transport, and energy consumption. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Sano Y, Hao Y, Kuwahara F. Development of an electrolysis based system to continuously recover magnesium from seawater. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00923. [PMID: 30839823 PMCID: PMC6249789 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous resources recovery system utilizing the water electrolysis reaction was developed for recovering magnesium resources from seawater. A set of experiments for forming magnesium hydroxide from the deep-ocean water were carried out at a cathode channel separated by an ion exchange membrane. The ion concentrations of magnesium and calcium in the solution obtained from the outlet of channel were measured by ICP to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed method for the resources recovery system. Moreover, configuration and component in the precipitate formed in the proposed method were analyzed by SEM and EDS respectively. It was found that all magnesium contained in seawater can be precipitated by the proposed method. Moreover, the formation reaction of magnesium hydroxide depends on the quantity of electricity per unit volume of seawater since the production of OH− on the cathode electrode is proportional to the quantity of electricity in the water electrolysis reaction. Subsequently, the effect of deaeration from the deep-ocean water on the purity of magnesium hydroxide was investigated for forming pure magnesium hydroxide. It was found that 99% pure magnesium hydroxide can be created by applying deaeration to the deep-ocean water due to preventing formation of calcium carbonate since the carbon dioxide is removed from the seawater by deaeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Sano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561, Japan
| | - YiJia Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Fujio Kuwahara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561, Japan
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Zhou J, Kuang H, Zhuang W, Chen Y, Liu D, Ying H, Wu J. Application of electrodialysis to extract 5'-ribonucleotides from hydrolysate: efficient decolorization and membrane fouling. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29115-29128. [PMID: 35547994 PMCID: PMC9084461 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to simplify the process of extracting 5′-ribonucleotides from hydrolysate in industry in an environmentally friendly manner, electrodialysis was introduced as an alternative route. The feasibility of electrodialysis for the separation of 5′-ribonucleotides from hydrolysate was investigated using a series of membranes under different conditions. The results of the lab-scale experiments indicate that ChemJoy membranes are most suitable for the separation of 5′-ribonucleotides. At a current density of 13.2 A m−2 or constant voltage of 30 V in batch operation, the yield of 5′-ribonucleotides reaches 97.2% and 95.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the decolorization ratio of 91.6% indicates that most pigments are blocked by the membranes and the current efficiency reaches 70% for guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP) production. Remarkably, the 5′-ribonucleotides are 1.3-times more concentrated. Finally, membrane fouling was investigated via SEM and ATR-FTIR, and the TingRun, ChemJoy and Astom cationic membranes showed the same membrane fouling resistance. However, among the anionic membranes, ChemJoy showed the best fouling resistance. The total energy cost of the pilot-scale operation was estimated to be 155.44 $ per t 5′-ribonucleotides. This process integrates preliminary purification, decolorization and concentration, providing a simple, cost-effective and green way to produce 5′-ribonucleotides. In order to simplify the process of extracting 5′-ribonucleotides from hydrolysate in industry in an environmentally friendly manner, electrodialysis was introduced as an alternative route.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China .,Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute Nanjing China.,National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology Nanjing China
| | - Han Kuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China .,National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology Nanjing China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China .,National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology Nanjing China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China .,National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology Nanjing China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China .,National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology Nanjing China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China .,National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology Nanjing China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China .,National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology Nanjing China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing China
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50
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Hou L, Wu B, Yu D, Wang S, Shehzad MA, Fu R, Liu Z, Li Q, He Y, Afsar NU, Jiang C, Ge L, Xu T. Asymmetric porous monovalent cation perm-selective membranes with an ultrathin polyamide selective layer for cations separation. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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