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Zeng J, Desmond P, Ngo HH, Lin W, Liu X, Liu B, Li G, Ding A. Membrane modification in enhancement of virus removal: A critical review. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 146:198-216. [PMID: 38969448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Many waterborne diseases are related with viruses, and COVID-19 worldwide has raised the concern of virus security in water into the public horizon. Compared to other conventional water treatment processes, membrane technology can achieve satisfactory virus removal with fewer chemicals, and prevent the outbreaks of viruses to a maximal extent. Researchers developed new modification methods to improve membrane performance. This review focused on the membrane modifications that enhance the performance in virus removal. The characteristics of viruses and their removal by membrane filtration were briefly generalized, and membrane modifications were systematically discussed through different virus removal mechanisms, including size exclusion, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, electronic interactions, and inactivation. Advanced functional materials for membrane modification were summarized based on their nature. Furthermore, it is suggested that membranes should be enhanced through different mechanisms mainly based on their ranks of pore size. The current review provided theoretical support regarding membrane modifications in the enhancement of virus removal and avenues for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Peter Desmond
- Institute of Environmental Engineering (ISA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bingsheng Liu
- The Second Construction Co. Ltd. of China Construction Third Engineering Bureau, China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - An Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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2
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Heffron J, Samsami M, Juedemann S, Lavin J, Tavakoli Nick S, Kieke BA, Mayer BK. Mitigation of viruses of concern and bacteriophage surrogates via common unit processes for water reuse: A meta-analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121242. [PMID: 38342066 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Water reuse is a growing global reality. In regulating water reuse, viruses have come to the fore as key pathogens due to high shedding rates, low infectious doses, and resilience to traditional wastewater treatments. To demonstrate the high log reductions required by emerging water reuse regulations, cost and practicality necessitate surrogates for viruses for use as challenge organisms in unit process evaluation and monitoring. Bacteriophage surrogates that are mitigated to the same or lesser extent than viruses of concern are routinely used for individual unit process testing. However, the behavior of these surrogates over a multi-barrier treatment train typical of water reuse has not been well-established. Toward this aim, we performed a meta-analysis of log reductions of common bacteriophage surrogates for five treatment processes typical of water reuse treatment trains: advanced oxidation processes, chlorination, membrane filtration, ozonation, and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. Robust linear regression was applied to identify a range of doses consistent with a given log reduction of bacteriophages and viruses of concern for each treatment process. The results were used to determine relative conservatism of surrogates. We found that no one bacteriophage was a representative or conservative surrogate for viruses of concern across all multi-barrier treatments (encompassing multiple mechanisms of virus mitigation). Rather, a suite of bacteriophage surrogates provides both a representative range of inactivation and information about the effectiveness of individual processes within a treatment train. Based on the abundance of available data and diversity of virus treatability using these five key water reuse treatment processes, bacteriophages MS2, phiX174, and Qbeta were recommended as a core suite of surrogates for virus challenge testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Heffron
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research Unit, 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
| | - Maryam Samsami
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Samantha Juedemann
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Jennifer Lavin
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Shadi Tavakoli Nick
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Burney A Kieke
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, 1000 N Oak Ave., Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Brooke K Mayer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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3
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Bhatt A, Sahu N, Dada AC, Kumar Prajapati S, Arora P. Assessing sustainability of microalgae-based wastewater treatment: Environmental considerations and impacts on human health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120435. [PMID: 38402790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
An integrated life cycle assessment (LCA) and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) were conducted to assess microalgae-mediated wastewater disinfection (M-WWD). M-WWD was achieved by replacing ultraviolet disinfection with a microalgal open raceway pond in an existing sewage treatment plant (STP) in India. Regarding impacts on human health, both M-WWD and STP yielded comparable life cycle impacts, around 0.01 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per person per year. However, QMRA impacts for M-WWD (0.053 DALYs per person per year) were slightly lower than that for STP while considering exposure to E. coli O157:H7 and adenovirus. Additionally, a comparative LCA resolved the dilemma about the appropriate utilization of microalgal biomass. Among biodiesel, biocrude, and biogas production, the lowest impacts of 0.015 DALYs per person per year were obtained for biocrude for 1 m3 water treated by M-WWD. Electricity consumption in microalgae cultivation was a major environmental hotspot. Overall, M-WWD, followed by production of microalgal biocrude, emerged as a sustainable alternative from environmental and public health perspectives. These findings set the foundation for pilot-scale M-WWD system development, testing, and economic evaluation. Such comprehensive investigations, encompassing LCA, QMRA, and resource recovery scenarios, offer crucial insights for stakeholders and decision-makers in wastewater treatment and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhatt
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitin Sahu
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pratham Arora
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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4
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Yasui M, Katayama H. Unveiling the viral escape: Quantification of microfloc-bound viruses in precoagulation and membrane filtration. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:309-320. [PMID: 38421625 PMCID: wh_2024_233 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The implementation of precoagulation before the physical removal process is expected to achieve a high virus removal rate. However, viruses may form small flocs and subsequently escape into the effluent during physical removal processes. This study evaluated how viruses in the microflocs could be quantified using conventional virus quantification methods (plaque assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)) to reveal the risk of underestimating virus concentration. In this study, the microfloc dissolution phenomenon in phosphate buffer solution was employed as a floc dissolution test. Viruses in microflocs formed under the experimental conditions. assuming water treatments, were quantified before and after floc dissolution. The findings revealed that virus concentrations increased by 1.0-3.9 log plaque-forming units/mL according to the plaque assay and by 1.7-4.0 log copies/mL according to the qPCR. This increase occurred after the dissolution of microflocs that were prepared in the humic acid test water. In the case of treated wastewater, virus concentrations increased in all samples according to the plaque assay and in seven of eight samples according to the qPCR. Our results indicate the necessity of careful consideration of virus quantification after precoagulation and physical removal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Yasui
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan E-mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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5
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Ren Z, Cao H, Desmond P, Liu B, Ngo HH, He X, Li G, Ma J, Ding A. Ions play different roles in virus removal caused by different NOMs in UF process: Removal efficiency and mechanism analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137644. [PMID: 36577454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of different compositions of aquatic natural organic matter (NOM) and ions on virus removal by ultrafiltration (UF). MS2 bacteriophage was used as a surrogate. Humic acid (HA) improved the MS2 removal rate from 1.95 ± 0.09 LRV to 2.40 ± 0.03 LRV at the HA dosage of 9 mg/L through the combined mechanisms of size exclusion, electrostatic repulsion and hydrophobicity. MS2 removal rate further increased to 3.10 ± 0.05 LRV by 10 mmol/L Na+ dosage and 3.19 ± 0.12 LRV by Ca2+ 1 mmol/L in the HA-containing UF system. Size exclusion turned into the dominant virus removal mechanism according to the results of the fouling model fitting and the weakening of electrostatic repulsion and hydrophobicity. The complexation of Ca2+ also played a role in MS2 removal based on the analysis of interaction force. MS2 removal rate by bovine serum albumin (BSA) was poor, which was 2.07 ± 0.06 LRV at the BSA dosage of 9 mg/L. Hydrophobicity was greatly reduced and the dominant virus removal mechanisms were size exclusion and electrostatic repulsion. 10 mmol/L Na+ in the presence of BSA deteriorated MS2 removal rate to 2.02 ± 0.07 LRV by the weakening of electrostatic repulsion, hydrophobicity and size exclusion. Electrostatic repulsion severely decreased by 1 mmol/L Ca2+ and the enhanced adsorption barrier represented competitive adsorption of Ca2+ by BSA and MS2 contributed for MS2 removal further decline (1.99 ± 0.05 LRV). Complex components in water will have different effects on virus removal due to their properties and interactions. This study can provide references for selecting more efficient water treatment methods according to the different compositions of raw water in actual water treatment applications during the UF process. Moreover, the retention of virus by UF can be predicted based on our study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Haiyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Peter Desmond
- Institute of Environmental Engineering (ISA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bingsheng Liu
- China Construction Third Bureau Green Industry Investment Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xu He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - An Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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Al-Hazmi HE, Shokrani H, Shokrani A, Jabbour K, Abida O, Mousavi Khadem SS, Habibzadeh S, Sonawane SH, Saeb MR, Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Badawi M. Recent advances in aqueous virus removal technologies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135441. [PMID: 35764113 PMCID: PMC9233172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has triggered a massive research, but still urgent detection and treatment of this virus seems a public concern. The spread of viruses in aqueous environments underlined efficient virus treatment processes as a hot challenge. This review critically and comprehensively enables identifying and classifying advanced biochemical, membrane-based and disinfection processes for effective treatment of virus-contaminated water and wastewater. Understanding the functions of individual and combined/multi-stage processes in terms of manufacturing and economical parameters makes this contribution a different story from available review papers. Moreover, this review discusses challenges of combining biochemical, membrane and disinfection processes for synergistic treatment of viruses in order to reduce the dissemination of waterborne diseases. Certainly, the combination technologies are proactive in minimizing and restraining the outbreaks of the virus. It emphasizes the importance of health authorities to confront the outbreaks of unknown viruses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanieh Shokrani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Shokrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Karam Jabbour
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Otman Abida
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | | | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Surface Reaction and Advanced Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shirish H Sonawane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Michael Badawi
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques LPCT UMR CNRS, 7019, Nancy, France.
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Nasir AM, Adam MR, Mohamad Kamal SNEA, Jaafar J, Othman MHD, Ismail AF, Aziz F, Yusof N, Bilad MR, Mohamud R, A Rahman M, Wan Salleh WN. A review of the potential of conventional and advanced membrane technology in the removal of pathogens from wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022; 286:120454. [PMID: 35035270 PMCID: PMC8741333 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of pathogenic contaminated water has claimed the lives of many people. Hence, this scenario has emphasized the urgent need for research methods to avoid, treat and eliminate harmful pathogens in wastewater. Therefore, effective water treatment has become a matter of utmost importance. Membrane technology offers purer, cleaner, and pathogen-free water through the water separation method via a permeable membrane. Advanced membrane technology such as nanocomposite membrane, membrane distillation, membrane bioreactor, and photocatalytic membrane reactor can offer synergistic effects in removing pathogen through the integration of additional functionality and filtration in a single chamber. This paper also comprehensively discussed the application, challenges, and future perspective of the advanced membrane technology as a promising alternative in battling pathogenic microbial contaminants, which will also be beneficial and valuable in managing pandemics in the future as well as protecting human health and the environment. In addition, the potential of membrane technology in battling the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was also discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atikah Mohd Nasir
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ridhwan Adam
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Aziz
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Yusof
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA), Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus,Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mukhlis A Rahman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Norhayati Wan Salleh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Chen C, Guo L, Yang Y, Oguma K, Hou LA. Comparative effectiveness of membrane technologies and disinfection methods for virus elimination in water: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149678. [PMID: 34416607 PMCID: PMC8364419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has brought viruses into the public horizon. Since viruses can pose a threat to human health in a low concentration range, seeking efficient virus removal methods has been the research hotspots in the past few years. Herein, a total of 1060 research papers were collected from the Web of Science database to identify technological trends as well as the research status. Based on the analysis results, this review elaborates on the state-of-the-art of membrane filtration and disinfection technologies for the treatment of virus-containing wastewater and drinking water. The results evince that membrane and disinfection methods achieve a broad range of virus removal efficiency (0.5-7 log reduction values (LRVs) and 0.09-8 LRVs, respectively) that is attributable to the various interactions between membranes or disinfectants and viruses having different susceptibility in viral capsid protein and nucleic acid. Moreover, this review discusses the related challenges and potential of membrane and disinfection technologies for customized virus removal in order to prevent the dissemination of the waterborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Lihui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Kumiko Oguma
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Li-An Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China; Xi'an High-Tech Institute, Xi'an 710025, China.
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9
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Yasui M, Iso H, Torii S, Matsui Y, Katayama H. Applicability of pepper mild mottle virus and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus as process indicators of enteric virus removal by membrane processes at a potable reuse facility. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117735. [PMID: 34673461 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of wastewater for potable reuse is increasingly becoming a suitable alternative water source to meet the growing urban water needs worldwide. Potable reuse requires reduction of enteric viruses to levels at which they do not pose a risk to human health. Advanced water treatment trains (e.g., microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO), and ultraviolet light and advanced oxidation process (UV/AOP)) provide significant protection and reduce virus loads in highly treated final product waters. Even though viruses are a principal concern, the performance of virus removal by membrane processes is not easily determined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Aichi virus (AiV), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), and cross-assembly phage (crAssphage) removal as possible process indicators for MF, UF, and RO. Virus log reduction values (LRVs) based on gene copies measured using molecular methods were determined for MF and UF. The median LRVs of all viruses obtained after MF and UF were 2.9 and 3.1, respectively. The LRVs of the proposed indicators were lower than those of human enteric viruses. The morphological and physicochemical difference among indicators was not found to affect LRVs. Therefore, all proposed indicator viruses were determined to be suitable candidates as process indicators for MF and UF. Regarding RO, most of the viruses measured in this study were undetectable in permeate. Only PMMoV and CGMMV were detected showing median LRVs of 2.8 and 2.5, respectively. PMMoV and CGMMV are recommended as good process indicators of physical virus removal for the overall water treatment process.
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Key Words
- AIV, aichi virus
- Abbreviation: MF, microfiltration
- AdV, adenovirus
- CGMMV, cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
- Crassphage, cross-assembly phage
- EF, effluent
- Human enteric virus
- LRV, log reduction value
- MME, molecular method efficiencies
- MNV, Murine Norovirus
- MPC, molecular process control
- Microfiltration
- NV GI, norovirus GI
- NV GII, norovirus GII
- ORSV, Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus
- PCE, primary concentration efficiency
- PMMOV, pepper mild mottle virus
- Process indicator
- RO, reverse osmosis
- Reverse osmosis
- UF, ultrafiltration
- UV/AOP, ultraviolet light and advanced oxidation process
- Ultrafiltration
- Water reuse
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Yasui
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Iso
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Torii
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Analysis of microstructural properties of ultrafiltration cake layer during its early stage formation and growth. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Contribution of biofilm layer to virus removal in gravity-driven membrane systems with passive fouling control. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Photocatalytic inactivation of human adenovirus 40: Effect of dissolved organic matter and prefiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Lee S, Hata A, Yamashita N, Tanaka H. Evaluation of Virus Reduction by Ultrafiltration with Coagulation-Sedimentation in Water Reclamation. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2017; 9:453-463. [PMID: 28455611 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of virus reduction in water reclamation processes is essential for proper assessment and management of the risk of infection by enteric viruses. Ultrafiltration (UF) with coagulation-sedimentation (CS) is potentially effective for efficient virus removal. However, its performance at removing indigenous viruses has not been evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the reduction of indigenous viruses by UF with and without CS in a pilot-scale water reclamation plant in Okinawa, Japan, by measuring the concentration of viruses using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Aichi virus (AiV) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) were targeted in addition to the main enteric viruses of concern for risk management, namely, norovirus (NoV) genogroups I and II (GI and GII) and rotavirus (RoV). PMMoV, which is a plant pathogenic virus and is present at high concentrations in water contaminated by human feces, has been suggested as a useful viral indicator. We also investigated the reduction of a spiked model virus (F-specific RNA bacteriophage MS2) to measure the effect of viral inactivation by both qPCR and plaque assay. Efficiencies of removal of NoV GI, NoV GII, RoV, and AiV by UF with and without CS were >0.5 to 3.7 log10, although concentrations were below the detection limit in permeate water. PMMoV was the most prevalent virus in both feed and permeate water following UF, but CS pretreatment could not significantly improve its removal efficiency (mean removal efficiency: UF, 3.1 log10; CS + UF, 3.4 log10; t test, P > 0.05). CS increased the mean removal efficiency of spiked MS2 by only 0.3 log10 by qPCR (t-test, P > 0.05), but by 2.8 log10 by plaque assay (t-test, P < 0.01). This difference indicates that the virus was inactivated during CS + UF. Our results suggest that PMMoV could be used as an indicator of removal efficiency in water reclamation processes, but cultural assay is essential to understanding viral fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suntae Lee
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Hata
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamashita
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan
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14
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Lee S, Ihara M, Yamashita N, Tanaka H. Improvement of virus removal by pilot-scale coagulation-ultrafiltration process for wastewater reclamation: Effect of optimization of pH in secondary effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:23-30. [PMID: 28226246 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed water (i.e., reused advanced-treated wastewater) offers an alternative water resource. To reduce the health risks associated with its use, efficient virus removal such as with advanced wastewater treatment processes is important. Virus removal by coagulation followed by ultrafiltration (UF) for the treatment of drinking water has been well examined. But its efficacy in wastewater reclamation purpose using secondary treated effluent (SE) from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as feed water is unclear. Here, we optimized the virus removal efficiency of coagulation-UF in pilot-scale wastewater reclamation plants using SE as feed water, using the F-specific RNA bacteriophage MS2 as a model virus, at two wastewater treatment plants in Japan. We investigated how using coagulation as a pretreatment for UF improved virus removal efficiency. The efficiency varied greatly between SEs. To reveal the cause of the variation, we conducted laboratory-scale batch coagulation experiments. The efficiency of viral coagulation was negatively correlated with the concentration of dissolved organic matter in the feed water. The optimum pH for coagulation differed between SEs, and the efficiency of coagulation could be dramatically improved by optimizing the pH. We confirmed that the virus removal efficiency in the pilot-scale facility actually could be improved by adjusting the pH. In addition, we confirmed that coagulation-sedimentation-UF with pH adjustment could operate stably for more than 30 days at the pilot scale, with a high virus removal rate. Thus, the wastewater reclamation process described here offers promise in terms of reduced health risks and practical operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan.
| | - M Ihara
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - N Yamashita
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - H Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
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15
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O'Brien E, Munir M, Marsh T, Heran M, Lesage G, Tarabara VV, Xagoraraki I. Diversity of DNA viruses in effluents of membrane bioreactors in Traverse City, MI (USA) and La Grande Motte (France). WATER RESEARCH 2017; 111:338-345. [PMID: 28107747 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses diversity of DNA viruses in the effluents of two membrane bioreactor (MBR) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs): an MBR in the United States and an MBR in France. Viral diversity of these effluents is compared to that of a conventional activated sludge WWTP in the U.S. Diversity analysis indicates Herpesvirales to be the most abundant order of potentially pathogenic human DNA viruses in wastewater treated effluent in all utilities. Other potentially pathogenic human viruses detected include Adenoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Polyomaviridae. Bacteriophage order Caudovirales comprises the majority of DNA virus sequences in the effluent of all utilities. The choice of treatment process (MBR versus activated sludge reactor) utilized had no impact on effluent DNA viral diversity. In contrast, the type of disinfection applied had an impact on the viral diversity present in the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan O'Brien
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Mariya Munir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Terence Marsh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Marc Heran
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Volodymyr V Tarabara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Irene Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
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16
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Shi H, Xagoraraki I, Parent KN, Bruening ML, Tarabara VV. Elution Is a Critical Step for Recovering Human Adenovirus 40 from Tap Water and Surface Water by Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4982-93. [PMID: 27287319 PMCID: PMC4968539 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00870-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This paper examines the recovery of the enteric adenovirus human adenovirus 40 (HAdV 40) by cross-flow ultrafiltration and interprets recovery values in terms of physicochemical interactions of virions during sample concentration. Prior to ultrafiltration, membranes were either blocked by exposure to calf serum (CS) or coated with a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM). HAdV 40 is a hydrophobic virus with a point of zero charge between pH 4.0 and pH 4.3. In accordance with predictions from the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, the preelution recovery of HAdV (rpre) from deionized water was higher with PEM-coated membranes (rpre (PEM) = 74.8% ± 9.7%) than with CS-blocked membranes (rpre (CS) = 54.1% ± 6.2%). With either membrane type, the total virion recovery after elution (rpost) was high for both deionized water (rpost (PEM) = 99.5% ± 6.6% and rpost (CS) = 98.8% ± 7.7%) and tap water (rpost (PEM) = 89% ± 15% and rpost (CS) = 93.7% ± 6.9%). The nearly 100% recoveries suggest that the polyanion (sodium polyphosphate) and surfactant (Tween 80) in the eluent disrupt electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the virion and the membrane. Addition of EDTA to the eluent greatly improved the elution efficacy (rpost (CS) = 88.6% ± 4.3% and rpost (PEM) = 87.0% ± 6.9%) with surface water, even when the organic carbon concentration in the water was high (9.4 ± 0.1 mg/liter). EDTA likely disrupts cation bridging between virions and particles in the feed water matrix or the fouling layer on the membrane surface. For complex water matrices, the eluent composition is the most important factor for achieving high virion recovery. IMPORTANCE Herein we present the results of a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of HAdV 40, an important human pathogen. The data on HAdV 40 surface properties enabled rigorous modeling to gain an understanding of the energetics of virion-virion and virion-filter interactions. Cross-flow filtration for concentration and recovery of HAdV 40 was evaluated, with postelution recoveries from ultrapure water (99%), tap water (∼91%), and high-carbon-content surface water (∼84%) being demonstrated. These results are significant because of the very low adenovirus recoveries that have been reported, to date, for other methods. The recovery data were interpreted in terms of specific interactions, and the eluent composition was designed accordingly to maximize HAdV 40 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Irene Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristin N Parent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Volodymyr V Tarabara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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17
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Yin Z, Tarabara VV, Xagoraraki I. Effect of pressure relaxation and membrane backwash on adenovirus removal in a membrane bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:750-757. [PMID: 26595096 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pressure relaxation and permeate backwash are two commonly used physical methods for membrane fouling mitigation in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. In order to assess the impact of these methods on virus removal by MBRs, experiments were conducted in a bench-scale submerged MBR treating synthetic wastewater. The membranes employed were hollow fibers with the nominal pore size of 0.45 μm. The experimental variables included durations of the filtration (tTMP>0), pressure relaxation (tTMP=0) and backwash (tTMP<0) steps. Both pressure relaxation and permeate backwash led to significant reductions in removal of human adenovirus (HAdV). For the same value of tTMP>0/tTMP=0, longer filtration/relaxation cycles (i.e. larger tTMP+tTMP=0) led to higher transmembrane pressure (TMP) but did not have a significant impact on HAdV removal. A shorter backwash (tTMP<0 = 10 min) at a higher flow rate (Q = 40 mL/min) resulted in more substantial decreases in TMP and HAdV removal than a longer backwash (tTMP<0 = 20 min) at a lower flow rate (Q = 20 mL/min) even though the backwash volume (QtTMP<0) was the same. HAdV removal returned to pre-cleaning levels within 16 h after backwash was applied. Moderate to strong correlations (R(2) = 0.63 to 0.94) were found between TMP and HAdV removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Volodymyr V Tarabara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Irene Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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