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Xu T, Wu B, Li W, Li Y, Zhu Y, Sheng F, Li Q, Ge L, Li X, Wang H, Xu T. Perfect confinement of crown ethers in MOF membrane for complete dehydration and fast transport of monovalent ions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0944. [PMID: 38718127 PMCID: PMC11078184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Fast transport of monovalent ions is imperative in selective monovalent ion separation based on membranes. Here, we report the in situ growth of crown ether@UiO-66 membranes at a mild condition, where dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) or dibenzo-15-crown-5 is perfectly confined in the UiO-66 cavity. Crown ether@UiO-66 membranes exhibit enhanced monovalent ion transport rates and mono-/divalent ion selectivity, due to the combination of size sieving and interaction screening effects toward the complete monovalent ion dehydration. Specifically, the DB18C6@UiO-66 membrane shows a permeation rate (e.g., K+) of 1.2 mol per square meter per hour and a mono-/divalent ion selectivity (e.g., K+/Mg2+) of 57. Theoretical calculations and simulations illustrate that, presumably, ions are completely dehydrated while transporting through the DB18C6@UiO-66 cavity with a lower energy barrier than that of the UiO-66 cavity. This work provides a strategy to develop efficient ion separation membranes via integrating size sieving and interaction screening and to illuminate the effect of ion dehydration on fast ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yanran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fangmeng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xingya Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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2
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Dischinger S, Miller DJ, Vermaas DA, Kingsbury RS. Unifying the Conversation: Membrane Separation Performance in Energy, Water, and Industrial Applications. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2024; 4:277-289. [PMID: 38357245 PMCID: PMC10862477 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Dense polymer membranes enable a diverse range of separations and clean energy technologies, including gas separation, water treatment, and renewable fuel production or conversion. The transport of small molecular and ionic solutes in the majority of these membranes is described by the same solution-diffusion mechanism, yet a comparison of membrane separation performance across applications is rare. A better understanding of how structure-property relationships and driving forces compare among applications would drive innovation in membrane development by identifying opportunities for cross-disciplinary knowledge transfer. Here, we aim to inspire such cross-pollination by evaluating the selectivity and electrochemical driving forces for 29 separations across nine different applications using a common framework grounded in the physicochemical characteristics of the permeating and rejected solutes. Our analysis shows that highly selective membranes usually exhibit high solute rejection, rather than fast solute permeation, and often exploit contrasts in the size and charge of solutes rather than a nonelectrostatic chemical property, polarizability. We also highlight the power of selective driving forces (e.g., the fact that applied electric potential acts on charged solutes but not on neutral ones) to enable effective separation processes, even when the membrane itself has poor selectivity. We conclude by proposing several research opportunities that are likely to impact multiple areas of membrane science. The high-level perspective of membrane separation across fields presented herein aims to promote cross-pollination and innovation by enabling comparisons of solute transport and driving forces among membrane separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
M. Dischinger
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel J. Miller
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David A. Vermaas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Ryan S. Kingsbury
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Andlinger Center for
Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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3
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Huang Y, Fan H, Yip NY. Mobility of Condensed Counterions in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Application of Screening Length Scaling Relationship in Highly Charged Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:836-846. [PMID: 38147509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are widely used in water, energy, and environmental applications, but transport models to accurately simulate ion permeation are currently lacking. This study presents a theoretical framework to predict ionic conductivity of IEMs by introducing an analytical model for condensed counterion mobility to the Donnan-Manning model. Modeling of condensed counterion mobility is enabled by the novel utilization of a scaling relationship to describe screening lengths in the densely charged IEM matrices, which overcame the obstacle of traditional electrolyte chemistry theories breaking down at very high ionic strength environments. Ionic conductivities of commercial IEMs were experimentally characterized in different electrolyte solutions containing a range of mono-, di-, and trivalent counterions. Because the current Donnan-Manning model neglects the mobility of condensed counterions, it is inadequate for modeling ion transport and significantly underestimated membrane conductivities (by up to ≈5× difference between observed and modeled values). Using the new model to account for condensed counterion mobilities substantially improved the accuracy of predicting IEM conductivities in monovalent counterions (to as small as within 7% of experimental values), without any adjustable parameters. Further adjusting the power law exponent of the screen length scaling relationship yielded reasonable precision for membrane conductivities in multivalent counterions. Analysis reveals that counterions are significantly more mobile in the condensed phase than in the uncondensed phase because electrostatic interactions accelerate condensed counterions but retard uncondensed counterions. Condensed counterions still have lower mobilities than ions in bulk solutions due to impedance from spatial effects. The transport framework presented here can model ion migration a priori with adequate accuracy. The findings provide insights into the underlying phenomena governing ion transport in IEMs to facilitate the rational development of more selective membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6623, United States
| | - Hanqing Fan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6623, United States
| | - Ngai Yin Yip
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6623, United States
- Columbia Water Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6623, United States
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4
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Qiu X, Cao M, Li Y. Metal-Organic Framework Sub-Nanochannels Formed inside Solid-State Nanopore with Proton Ultra-High Selectivity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300976. [PMID: 37221145 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of high porosity, angstrom-scale pore size, and unique structure. In this work, a kind of MOFs, UiO-66 and its derivatives (including aminated UiO-66-(NH2 )2 and sulfonated UiO-66-(NH-SAG)2 ), were constructed on the inner surface of solid-state nanopores for ultra-selective proton transport. UiO-66 and UiO-66-(NH2 )2 nanocrystal particles were in-situ grown at the orifice of glass nanopores firstly, which were used to investigate the ionic current responses in LiCl and HCl solutions when the monovalent anions (Cl- ) were unchanged. Compared with UiO-66-modifed nanopores, the aminated MOFs modification (UiO-66-(NH2 )2 ) can improve the proton selectivity obviously. However, when the UiO-66-(NH-SAG)2 nanopore is prepared by further post-modification with sulfo-acetic acid, lithium ions can hardly pass through the channel, and the interaction between protons and sulfonic acid groups can promote the transport of protons, thus achieving ultra-high selectivity to protons. This work provides a new way to achieve sub-nanochannels with high selectivity, which can widely be used in ion separation, sensing and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Mengya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
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5
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Huang Y, Fan H, Yip NY. Influence of electrolyte on concentration-induced conductivity-permselectivity tradeoff of ion-exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Tong X, Liu S, Zhao Y, Huang L, Crittenden J, Chen Y. MXene Composite Membranes with Enhanced Ion Transport and Regulated Ion Selectivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8964-8974. [PMID: 35647940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) material-based membranes are promising candidates for various separation applications. However, the further enhancement of membrane ion conductance is difficult, and the regulation of membrane ion selectivity remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the facile fabrication of MXene composite membranes by incorporating spacing agents that contain SO3H groups into the MXene interlayers. The synthesized membrane shows enhanced ion conductance and ion selectivity. Subsequently, the membranes are utilized for salinity gradient power (SGP) generation and lithium-ion (Li+) recovery. The membrane containing poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as the spacing agent shows a much higher power density for SGP generation as compared to the pristine MXene membrane. Using artificial seawater and river water, the power density reaches 1.57 W/m2 with a testing area of 0.24 mm2. Also, the same membrane shows Li+/Na+ and Li+/K+ selectivities of 2.5 and 3.2, respectively. The incorporation of PSS increases both the size and charge density of the nanochannels inside the membrane, which is beneficial for ion conduction. In addition, the density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that the binding energy between Li+ and the SO3H group is lower than other alkali ion metals, and this might be one major reason why the membrane possesses high Li+ selectivity. This study demonstrates that incorporating spacing agents into the 2D material matrix is a viable strategy to enhance the performance of the 2D material-based membranes. The results from this study can inspire new membrane designs for emerging applications including energy harvesting and monovalent ion recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Su Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yangying Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - John Crittenden
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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7
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Titorova V, Moroz I, Mareev S, Pismenskaya N, Sabbatovskii K, Wang Y, Xu T, Nikonenko V. How bulk and surface properties of sulfonated cation-exchange membranes response to their exposure to electric current during electrodialysis of a Ca2+ containing solution. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Wang X, Wang Q, Zhao M, Zhang L, Ji X, Sun H, Sun Y, Ma Z, Xue J, Gao X. Fabrication of a Cation-Exchange Membrane via the Blending of SPES/N-Phthaloyl Chitosan/MIL-101(Fe) Using Response Surface Methodology for Desalination. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020144. [PMID: 35207066 PMCID: PMC8880603 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel mixed matrix cation exchange membrane composed of sulfonated polyether sulfone (SPES), N-phthaloyl chitosan (NPHCs) and MIL-101(Fe) was synthesized using response surface methodology (RSM). The electrochemical and physical properties of the membrane, such as ion exchange capacity, water content, morphology, contact angle, fixed ion concentration and thermal stability were investigated. The RSM based on the Box–Behnken design (BBD) model was employed to simulate and evaluate the influence of preparation conditions on the properties of CEMs. The regression model was validated via the analysis of variance (ANOVA) which exhibited a high reliability and accuracy of the results. Moreover, the experimental data have a good fit and high reproducibility with the predicted results according to the regression analysis. The embedding of MIL-101(Fe) nanoparticles contributed to the improvement of ion selective separation by forming hydrogen bonds with the polymer network in the membrane. The optimum synthesis parameters such as degree of sulfonation (DS), the content of SPES and NPHCs and the content of MIL-101(Fe) were acquired to be 30%, 85:15 and 2%, respectively, and the corresponding desalination rate of the CEMs improved to 136% while the energy consumption reduced to 90%. These results revealed that the RSM was a promising strategy for optimizing the preparation factors of CEMs and other similar multi-response optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (X.W.); (Q.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (X.W.); (Q.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mengjuan Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (X.W.); (Q.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (X.W.); (Q.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiaosheng Ji
- Sanya Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Yongchao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhun Ma
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (X.W.); (Q.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jianliang Xue
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;
| | - Xueli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.)
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Gangrade AS, Cassegrain S, Chandra Ghosh P, Holdcroft S. Permselectivity of ionene-based, Aemion® anion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Sujanani R, Katz LE, Paul DR, Freeman BD. Aqueous ion partitioning in Nafion: Applicability of Manning's counter-ion condensation theory. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Dammak L, Fouilloux J, Bdiri M, Larchet C, Renard E, Baklouti L, Sarapulova V, Kozmai A, Pismenskaya N. A Review on Ion-Exchange Membrane Fouling during the Electrodialysis Process in the Food Industry, Part 1: Types, Effects, Characterization Methods, Fouling Mechanisms and Interactions. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:789. [PMID: 34677555 PMCID: PMC8539029 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrodialysis (ED) was first established for water desalination and is still highly recommended in this field for its high water recovery, long lifetime and acceptable electricity consumption. Today, thanks to technological progress in ED processes and the emergence of new ion-exchange membranes (IEMs), ED has been extended to many other applications in the food industry. This expansion of uses has also generated several problems such as IEMs' lifetime limitation due to different ageing phenomena (because of organic and/or mineral compounds). The current commercial IEMs show excellent performance in ED processes; however, organic foulants such as proteins, surfactants, polyphenols or other natural organic matters can adhere on their surface (especially when using anion-exchange membranes: AEMs) forming a colloid layer or can infiltrate the membrane matrix, which leads to the increase in electrical resistance, resulting in higher energy consumption, lower water recovery, loss of membrane permselectivity and current efficiency as well as lifetime limitation. If these aspects are not sufficiently controlled and mastered, the use and the efficiency of ED processes will be limited since, it will no longer be competitive or profitable compared to other separation methods. In this work we reviewed a significant amount of recent scientific publications, research and reviews studying the phenomena of IEM fouling during the ED process in food industry with a special focus on the last decade. We first classified the different types of fouling according to the most commonly used classifications. Then, the fouling effects, the characterization methods and techniques as well as the different fouling mechanisms and interactions as well as their influence on IEM matrix and fixed groups were presented, analyzed, discussed and illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasâad Dammak
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Julie Fouilloux
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Myriam Bdiri
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Christian Larchet
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Estelle Renard
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Lassaad Baklouti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts at Al Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Veronika Sarapulova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropol’skaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Anton Kozmai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropol’skaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Natalia Pismenskaya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropol’skaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (N.P.)
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Ashour GR, Hussein MA, Sobahi TR, Alamry KA, Alqarni SA, Rafatullah M. Modification of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membrane as a Selective Adsorbent for Co(II) Ions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203569. [PMID: 34685328 PMCID: PMC8539883 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a variety of sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES)-based ion-exchange membranes were prepared and utilized as efficient and selective solid adsorbents for the detection of Co(II) ions in aquatic solutions. SPES membranes were treated with a variety of cations at a 2:1 ratio overnight. The produced materials were assessed via XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TGA analyses. The structure of these materials was confirmed by FT-IR and XRD, which also confirmed the inclusion of Na+, NH4+, and amberlite on the SPES surface successfully. TGA analysis showed that the thermal stabilities of these materials were enhanced, and the order of stability was NH4-SPES > SPES > Na-SPES > A-SPES. Furthermore, the efficiency of these modified membranes for the determination and adsorption of a variety of metal ions was also examined by the ICP-OES analytical technique. A-SPES expressed a powerful efficiency of adsorption, and it showed an efficient as well as quantitative adsorption at pH = 6. Moreover, A-SPES displayed the highest adsorption capacity of 90.13 mg/g for Co(II) through the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadeer R. Ashour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (G.R.A.); (T.R.S.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Mahmoud A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (G.R.A.); (T.R.S.); (K.A.A.)
- Polymer Chemistry Lab., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.H.); (M.R.); Tel.: +60-46532111 (M.R.); Fax: +60-4656375 (M.R.)
| | - Tariq R. Sobahi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (G.R.A.); (T.R.S.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Khalid A. Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (G.R.A.); (T.R.S.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Sara A. Alqarni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Rafatullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.A.H.); (M.R.); Tel.: +60-46532111 (M.R.); Fax: +60-4656375 (M.R.)
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14
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Butylskii DY, Pismenskaya N, Apel PY, Sabbatovskiy K, Nikonenko V. Highly selective separation of singly charged cations by countercurrent electromigration with a track-etched membrane. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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A practical approach to measuring the ion-transport number of cation-exchange membranes: Effects of junction potential and analyte concentration. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Golubenko D, Yaroslavtsev A. Effect of current density, concentration of ternary electrolyte and type of cations on the monovalent ion selectivity of surface-sulfonated graft anion-exchange membranes: modelling and experiment. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Yoshinari N, Konno T. Lithium-, Sodium-, and Potassium-ion Conduction in Polymeric and Discrete Coordination Systems. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Yoshinari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0044, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0044, Japan
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18
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Kingsbury R, Coronell O. Modeling and validation of concentration dependence of ion exchange membrane permselectivity: Significance of convection and Manning's counter-ion condensation theory. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Saif H, Huertas R, Pawlowski S, Crespo J, Velizarov S. Development of highly selective composite polymeric membranes for Li+/Mg2+ separation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Yu S, Zhu J, Liao J, Ruan H, Sotto A, Shen J. Homogeneous trimethylamine-quaternized polysulfone-based anion exchange membranes with crosslinked structure for electrodialysis desalination. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Co-ion specific effect on sodium halides sorption and transport in a cross-linked poly(p-styrene sulfonate-co-divinylbenzene) for membrane applications. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Advancing the conductivity-permselectivity tradeoff of electrodialysis ion-exchange membranes with sulfonated CNT nanocomposites. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Analysis of a Process for Producing Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide by Membrane Electrodialysis. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10090198. [PMID: 32854211 PMCID: PMC7558444 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A membrane electrodialysis process was tested for obtaining battery grade lithium hydroxide from lithium brines. Currently, in the conventional procedure, a brine with Li+ 4–6 wt% is fed to a process to form lithium carbonate and further used to produce lithium hydroxide. The disadvantages of this process are its high cost due to several stage requirement and the usage of lime, causing waste generation. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining battery grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate, avoiding production of lithium carbonate. A laboratory cell was constructed to study electrochemical kinetics and determine energetic parameters. The effects of current density, electrode material, electrolyte concentration, temperature and cationic membrane (Nafion 115 and Nafion 117) on cell performance were determined. Tests showed that a current density of 1200 A/m2 and temperatures between 75–85 °C allow reduced specific electricity consumption (SEC) (7.25 kWh/kg LiOH). A high purity product is obtained at temperatures below 75 °C, with a Nafion 117 membrane and low electrolyte concentration. Resulting key electrochemical data would enable a pilot-scale process implementation to obtain lithium compounds.
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Stenina I, Golubenko D, Nikonenko V, Yaroslavtsev A. Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5517. [PMID: 32752236 PMCID: PMC7432390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, ion-exchange membranes have numerous applications in water desalination, electrolysis, chemistry, food, health, energy, environment and other fields. All of these applications require high selectivity of ion transfer, i.e., high membrane permselectivity. The transport properties of ion-exchange membranes are determined by their structure, composition and preparation method. For various applications, the selectivity of transfer processes can be characterized by different parameters, for example, by the transport number of counterions (permselectivity in electrodialysis) or by the ratio of ionic conductivity to the permeability of some gases (crossover in fuel cells). However, in most cases there is a correlation: the higher the flux density of the target component through the membrane, the lower the selectivity of the process. This correlation has two aspects: first, it follows from the membrane material properties, often expressed as the trade-off between membrane permeability and permselectivity; and, second, it is due to the concentration polarization phenomenon, which increases with an increase in the applied driving force. In this review, both aspects are considered. Recent research and progress in the membrane selectivity improvement, mainly including a number of approaches as crosslinking, nanoparticle doping, surface modification, and the use of special synthetic methods (e.g., synthesis of grafted membranes or membranes with a fairly rigid three-dimensional matrix) are summarized. These approaches are promising for the ion-exchange membranes synthesis for electrodialysis, alternative energy, and the valuable component extraction from natural or waste-water. Perspectives on future development in this research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Stenina
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Golubenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Andrey Yaroslavtsev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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25
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Avci AH, Messana DA, Santoro S, Tufa RA, Curcio E, Di Profio G, Fontananova E. Energy Harvesting from Brines by Reverse Electrodialysis Using Nafion Membranes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E168. [PMID: 32731421 PMCID: PMC7463554 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) have consolidated applications in energy conversion and storage systems, like fuel cells and battery separators. Moreover, in the perspective to address the global need for non-carbon-based and renewable energies, salinity-gradient power (SGP) harvesting by reverse electrodialysis (RED) is attracting significant interest in recent years. In particular, brine solutions produced in desalination plants can be used as concentrated streams in a SGP-RED stack, providing a smart solution to the problem of brine disposal. Although Nafion is probably the most prominent commercial cation exchange membrane for electrochemical applications, no study has investigated yet its potential in RED. In this work, Nafion 117 and Nafion 115 membranes were tested for NaCl and NaCl + MgCl2 solutions, in order to measure the gross power density extracted under high salinity gradient and to evaluate the effect of Mg2+ (the most abundant divalent cation in natural feeds) on the efficiency in energy conversion. Moreover, performance of commercial CMX (Neosepta) and Fuji-CEM 80050 (Fujifilm) cation exchange membranes, already widely applied for RED applications, were used as a benchmark for Nafion membranes. In addition, complementary characterization (i.e., electrochemical impedance and membrane potential test) was carried out on the membranes with the aim to evaluate the predominance of electrochemical properties in different aqueous solutions. In all tests, Nafion 117 exhibited superior performance when 0.5/4.0 M NaCl fed through 500 µm-thick compartments at a linear velocity 1.5 cm·s-1. However, the gross power density of 1.38 W·m-2 detected in the case of pure NaCl solutions decreased to 1.08 W·m-2 in the presence of magnesium chloride. In particular, the presence of magnesium resulted in a drastic effect on the electrochemical properties of Fuji-CEM-80050, while the impact on other membranes investigated was less severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet H. Avci
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (A.H.A.); (D.A.M.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Diego A. Messana
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (A.H.A.); (D.A.M.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the National Research Council (ITM-CNR), at University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Sergio Santoro
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (A.H.A.); (D.A.M.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Ramato Ashu Tufa
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Building 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Efrem Curcio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (A.H.A.); (D.A.M.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
- SELIGENDA Membrane Technologies SrL, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Profio
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the National Research Council (ITM-CNR), at University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
- SELIGENDA Membrane Technologies SrL, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Enrica Fontananova
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the National Research Council (ITM-CNR), at University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
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26
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Hou J, Wang H, Zhang H. Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework Materials for Efficient Ion Adsorption and Sieving. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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27
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Comparison of water and salt transport properties of ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration membranes for desalination and energy applications. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Li X, Zhang H, Hou J, Ou R, Zhu Y, Zhao C, Qian T, Easton CD, Selomulya C, Hill MR, Wang H. Sulfonated Sub-1-nm Metal–Organic Framework Channels with Ultrahigh Proton Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9827-9833. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jue Hou
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Clayton, 3168, Australia
| | - Ranwen Ou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yinlong Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tianyue Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | | | - Matthew R. Hill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Clayton, 3168, Australia
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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29
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Jashni E, Hosseini S. Promoting the electrochemical and separation properties of heterogeneous cation exchange membrane by embedding 8-hydroxyquinoline ligand: Chromium ions removal. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Xu T, Shehzad MA, Wang X, Wu B, Ge L, Xu T. Engineering Leaf-Like UiO-66-SO 3H Membranes for Selective Transport of Cations. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:51. [PMID: 34138245 PMCID: PMC7770750 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with angstrom-sized pores are promising functional nanomaterials for the fabrication of cation permselective membranes (MOF-CPMs). However, only a few research reports show successful preparation of the MOF-CPMs with good cation separation performance due to several inherent problems in MOFs, such as arduous self-assembly, poor water resistance, and tedious fabrication strategies. Besides, low cation permeation flux due to the absence of the cation permeation assisting functionalities in MOFs is another big issue, which limits their widespread use in membrane technology. Therefore, it is necessary to fabricate functional MOF-CPMs using simplistic strategies to improve cation permeation. In this context, we report a facile in situ smart growth strategy to successfully produce ultrathin (< 600 nm) and leaf-like UiO-66-SO3H membranes at the surface of anodic alumina oxide. The physicochemical characterizations confirm that sulfonated angstrom-sized ion transport channels exist in the as-prepared UiO-66-SO3H membranes, which accelerate the cation permeation (~ 3× faster than non-functionalized UiO-66 membrane) and achieve a high ion selectivity (Na+/Mg2+ > 140). The outstanding cation separation performance validates the importance of introducing sulfonic acid groups in MOF-CPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Shehzad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Li Z, Guo Y, Wang X, Li P, Ying W, Chen D, Ma X, Deng Z, Peng X. Simultaneous Recovery of Metal Ions and Electricity Harvesting via K-Carrageenan@ZIF-8 Membrane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34039-34045. [PMID: 31441634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The spent lithium-ion batteries contain significant amounts of valuable metals such as lithium and cobalt. However, how to effectively recover these valuable metals and minimize environmental pollution simultaneously is still a challenge. In this work, a natural biopolymer K-Carrageenan is introduced into a stable metal-organic framework ZIF-8 to form a composite (KCZ) membrane for selectively separating Li+ from Co2+ and simultaneously harvesting the concentration gradient energy efficiently. The prepared KCZ membrane shows an Li+ ionic conductivity of up to 1.70 × 10-5 S cm-1, 5 orders of magnitude higher than 1.1 × 10-10 S cm-1 for pristine ZIF-8, with an Li+ flux of 0.342 mol m-2 h-1 and a selectivity of about 8.29 for Li+ over Co2+. Moreover, this asymmetric KCZ/anodic alumina oxide membrane exhibits a good output power of up to 3.54 μW when employed as a concentration-gradient energy-harvesting device during the separation process. Hence, the KCZ membrane shows great potential in application for advanced separation and simultaneous concentration gradient energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Peipei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Wen Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Danke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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32
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Kingsbury RS, Bruning K, Zhu S, Flotron S, Miller CT, Coronell O. Influence of Water Uptake, Charge, Manning Parameter, and Contact Angle on Water and Salt Transport in Commercial Ion Exchange Membranes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Kingsbury
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - K. Bruning
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - S. Zhu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - S. Flotron
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - C. T. Miller
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - O. Coronell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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33
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Capparelli C, Fernandez Pulido CR, Lopez-Hallman R, Geise GM, Hickner MA. Anion Exchange Membranes with Dynamic Redox-Responsive Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29187-29194. [PMID: 31271286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Redox-responsive anion exchange membranes were developed using photoinitiated free-radical polymerization and reversible oxidation and reduction of viologen. The membranes were formulated using poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) and diurethane dimethacrylate oligomers, dipentaerythritol penta-/hexa-acrylate cross-linker, photoinitiators, and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride as precursors for functionalization. In the membrane, 4,4'-bipyridine reacted with the 4-vinylbenzyl chloride residues, and subsequently, unreacted amines were methylated with iodomethane to obtain viologen as both the ion carrier and redox-responsive group. Upon oxidation, viologen supports two cations, where the reduced form only contains one cation. Thus, the redox responsiveness changed the membrane ionicity by a factor of 2. The area-specific resistance of the membranes in the oxidized, +2, state was lower than in the reduced, +1, state. The resistance increased between 40.6 ± 0.1 and 111.6 ± 0.1%, depending on membrane thickness, with the most significant increment being a resistance change from 4.88 × 10-4 Ω m2 in the oxidized state to 1.03 × 10-3 Ω m2 in the reduced state. Membrane permselectivity in the reduced, +1, state was between 15.9 ± 0.1 and 26.5 ± 0.01% lower than in the oxidized, +2, state, with no change in water uptake, spanning an average of 0.87 ± 0.02 in the oxidized state to an average of 0.7 ± 0.01 in the reduced state. Upon reduction, membrane ion-exchange capacity decreases, increasing ionic resistance and decreasing membrane permselectivity due to a reduction in fixed charge concentration without a measurable change in water uptake. This trend is not generally observed for ion-exchange membranes and explains that the changes in transport properties result from changes in ionicity, not water uptake or domain size. The reversibility and stability of the stimuli responsiveness were confirmed by the absence of transport property changes after redox cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Geoffrey M Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
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34
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Capparelli C, Fernandez Pulido CR, Wiencek RA, Hickner MA. Resistance and Permselectivity of 3D-Printed Micropatterned Anion-Exchange Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26298-26306. [PMID: 29842780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that a micropatterned surface can decrease the resistance of anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and can induce desirable flow properties in devices, such as mixing. Previously, a model that related the resistance of flat and patterned membranes with the same equivalent thickness was proposed, which used the patterned area and thickness ratio of the features to describe the membrane resistance. Here, we explored the validity of the parallel resistance model for a variety of membrane surface designs and area ratios. We demonstrated that the model can predict the resistance of a wide range of patterned AEMs. We showed that the resistance is independent of the spatial ordering of the design by examining random patterns, which is relevant for applications that require, for example, increased mixing in multilayered devices. Some experimental values of resistance obtained for patterned membranes presented deviations from the model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the patterned membranes revealed resolution variations and pattern replication errors due to the stereolithographic process. A geometric correction of the target ratios improved the fit of the modeled data to the experimental values, showing that light bleeding during curing was a source of error. Two additional experimental factors were not accounted for in the model: a distinct interface between the bottom and top layer and overcuring of the bottom layer during successive steps. These sources of error were investigated by examining the resistance of single- and double-layered membranes, as well as single-layer membranes with different curing times. The differences obtained in the resistances for control samples demonstrated that both the interface and the overcuring influenced the resistance of the membrane. The results obtained in this study enlighten the discussion relating membrane-surface morphology and transport properties, as well as the optimization of 3D-printed membranes using a stereolithography process.
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35
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Sarapulova VV, Titorova VD, Nikonenko VV, Pismenskaya ND. Transport Characteristics of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Ion-Exchange Membranes in Sodium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, and Sodium Sulfate Solutions. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751619030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Yaroshchuk A, Bruening ML, Zholkovskiy E. Modelling nanofiltration of electrolyte solutions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 268:39-63. [PMID: 30951927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review critically examines current models for nanofiltration (NF) of electrolyte solutions. We start from linear irreversible thermodynamics, we derive a basic equation set for ion transfer in terms of gradients of ion electrochemical potentials and transmembrane volume flux. These equations are extended to the case of significant differences of thermodynamic forces across the membrane (continuous version of irreversible thermodynamics) and solved in quadratures for single salts and trace ions added to single salts in the case of macroscopically-homogeneous membranes. These solutions reduce to (quasi)analytical expressions in the popular Spiegler-Kedem approximation (composition-independent phenomenological coefficients), which we extend to the case of trace ions. This enables us to identify membrane properties (e.g. ion permeances, ion reflection coefficients, electrokinetic charge density) that control its performance in NF of multi-ion solutions. Further, we specify the phenomenological coefficients of irreversible thermodynamics in terms of ion partitioning, hindrance and diffusion coefficients for the model of straight cylindrical capillaries. The corresponding expressions enable assessment of the applicability of the popular nanopore model of NF. This model (based on the use of macroscopic approaches at nanoscale) leads to a number of trends that have never been observed experimentally. We also show that the use of the Born formula (frequently employed for the description of dielectric exclusion) hardly leads to meaningful values of solvent dielectric constant in membrane pores because this formula disregards the very solvent structure whose changes are supposed to bring about the reduction of dielectric permittivity in nanopores. We conclude that the effect should better be quantified in terms of ion excess solvation energies in the membrane phase. As an alternative to the nanopore description of NF, we review recent work on the development of an advanced engineering model for NF of multi-ion solutions in terms of a solution-diffusion-electromigration mechanism. This model (taking into account spontaneously arising transmembrane electric fields) captures several trends observed experimentally, and the use of trace ions can provide model parameters (ion permeances in the membrane) from experiment. We also consider a recent model (ultrathin barrier layers with deviations from local electroneutrality) that may reproduce observed feed-salt concentration dependences of membrane performance in terms of concentration-independent properties like excess ion solvation energies. Due to its complexity, practical modelling of nanofiltration will probably be performed with advanced engineering models for the foreseeable future. Although mechanistic studies are vital for understanding transport and developing membranes, future simulations in this area will likely need to depart from typical continuum models to provide physical insight. For enhancing the quality of modelling input, it is essential to improve the control of concentration polarization in membrane test cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yaroshchuk
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona Tech, Spain.
| | - Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Emiliy Zholkovskiy
- F.D.Ovcharenko Institute of Bio-Colloid Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Zhu J, Liao J, Jin W, Luo B, Shen P, Sotto A, Shen J, Gao C. Effect of functionality of cross-linker on sulphonated polysulfone cation exchange membranes for electrodialysis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Paltrinieri L, Huerta E, Puts T, van Baak W, Verver AB, Sudhölter EJ, de Smet LCPM. Functionalized Anion-Exchange Membranes Facilitate Electrodialysis of Citrate and Phosphate from Model Dairy Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2396-2404. [PMID: 30574781 PMCID: PMC6407041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the preparation of a new, functional anion-exchange membrane (AEM), containing guanidinium groups as the anion-exchanging sites (Gu-100), is described as well as the membrane characterization by XPS, water uptake, permselectivities, and electrical resistances. The functional membrane was also employed in pH-dependent electrodialysis experiments using model dairy wastewater streams. The properties of the new membrane are compared to those of a commercially available anion-exchange membrane bearing conventional quaternary ammonium groups (Gu-0). Guanidinium was chosen for its specific binding properties toward oxyanions: e.g., phosphate. This functional moiety was covalently coupled to an acrylate monomer via a facile two-step synthesis to yield bulk-modified membranes upon polymerization. Significant differences were observed in the electrodialysis experiments for Gu-0 and Gu-100 at pH 7, showing an enhanced phosphate and citrate transport for Gu-100 in comparison to Gu-0. At pH 10 the difference is much more pronounced: for Gu-0 membranes almost no phosphate and citrate transport could be detected, while the Gu-100 membranes transported both ions significantly. We conclude that having guanidinium groups as anion-exchange sites improves the selectivity of AEMs. As the presented monomer synthesis strategy is modular, we consider the implementation of functional groups into a polymer-based membrane via the synthesis of tailor-made monomers as an important step toward selective ion transport, which is relevant for various fields, including water treatment processes and fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paltrinieri
- Delft
University of Technology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Van der Maasweg
9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Wetsus−European
centre of excellence for sustainable water technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8932 PG Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Huerta
- FUJIFILM
Manufacturing Europe BV, Oudenstaart 1, 5000 LJ Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Puts
- FUJIFILM
Manufacturing Europe BV, Oudenstaart 1, 5000 LJ Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Baak
- FUJIFILM
Manufacturing Europe BV, Oudenstaart 1, 5000 LJ Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Albert B. Verver
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J.R. Sudhölter
- Delft
University of Technology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Van der Maasweg
9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C. P. M. de Smet
- Delft
University of Technology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Van der Maasweg
9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Wetsus−European
centre of excellence for sustainable water technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8932 PG Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
University & Research, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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39
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Physicochemical interactions of organic acids influencing microstructure and permselectivity of anion exchange membrane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Paltrinieri L, Poltorak L, Chu L, Puts T, van Baak W, Sudhölter EJ, de Smet LC. Hybrid polyelectrolyte-anion exchange membrane and its interaction with phosphate. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Ghosh M, Jorissen KFA, Wood JA, Lammertink RGH. Ion Transport through Perforated Graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6339-6344. [PMID: 30351047 PMCID: PMC6328279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dependence of ion transport through perforated graphene on the concentrations of the working ionic solutions. We performed our measurements using three salt solutions, namely, KCl, LiCl, and K2SO4. At low concentrations, we observed a high membrane potential for each solution while for higher concentrations we found three different potentials corresponding to the respective diffusion potentials. We demonstrate that our graphene membrane, which has only a single layer of atoms, showed a very similar trend in membrane potential as compared to dense ion-exchange membranes with finite width. The behavior is well explained by Teorell, Meyer, and Sievers (TMS) theory, which is based on the Nernst-Planck equation and electroneutrality in the membrane. The slight overprediction of the theoretical Donnan potential can arise due to possible nonidealities and surface charge regulation effects.
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42
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Ji Y, Luo H, Geise GM. Specific co-ion sorption and diffusion properties influence membrane permselectivity. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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43
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Yang Y, Ramos TL, Heo J, Green MD. Zwitterionic poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer/poly(arylene ether sulfone) blends for fouling-resistant desalination membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Aryal D, Ganesan V. Diffusivity of Mono- and Divalent Salts and Water in Polyelectrolyte Desalination Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8098-8110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Aryal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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45
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Developing homogeneous ion exchange membranes derived from sulfonated polyethersulfone/N-phthaloyl-chitosan for improved hydrophilic and controllable porosity. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Li J, Yuan S, Wang J, Zhu J, Shen J, Van der Bruggen B. Mussel-inspired modification of ion exchange membrane for monovalent separation. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Zhao WY, Zhou M, Yan B, Sun X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu T, Zhang Y. Waste Conversion and Resource Recovery from Wastewater by Ion Exchange Membranes: State-of-the-Art and Perspective. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Zhao
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, 102206, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, 102206, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binghua Yan
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yaoming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Micari M, Bevacqua M, Cipollina A, Tamburini A, Van Baak W, Putts T, Micale G. Effect of different aqueous solutions of pure salts and salt mixtures in reverse electrodialysis systems for closed-loop applications. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Evaluation of the effect of the solution concentration and membrane morphology on the transport properties of Cu(II) through two monopolar cation–exchange membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Jiang S, Ladewig BP. High Ion-Exchange Capacity Semihomogeneous Cation Exchange Membranes Prepared via a Novel Polymerization and Sulfonation Approach in Porous Polypropylene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38612-38620. [PMID: 29028302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Semihomogeneous cation exchange membranes with superior ion exchange capacity (IEC) were synthesized via a novel polymerization and sulfonation approach in porous polypropylene support. The IEC of membranes could reach up to 3 mmol/g because of high mass ratio of functional polymer to membrane support. Especially, theoretical IEC threshold value agreed well with experimental threshold value, indicating that IEC could be specifically designed without carrying out extensive experiments. Also, sulfonate groups were distributed both on membrane surface and across the membranes, which corresponded well with high IEC of the synthesized membranes. In addition, the semifinished membrane showed hydrophobic property because of the formation of polystyrene. In contrast, the final membranes demonstrated super hydrophilic property, indicating the adequate sulfonation of polystyrene. Furthermore, when sulfonation reaction time increased, the conductivity of membranes also showed a tendency to increase, revealing the positive relationship between conductivity and IEC. Finally, the final membranes showed sufficient thermal stability for electrodialysis applications such as water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Jiang
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley P Ladewig
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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