1
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Asgari H, Ghavipanjeh F, Sabour MR, Emadzadeh D. Fabrication of pore-filling cation-exchange membrane from waste polystyrene and Spunbond Meltblown Spunbond (SMS) non-woven polypropylene fabric as the substrate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6399. [PMID: 38493214 PMCID: PMC10944457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Commercial ion-exchange membranes are typically thick, possessing limited mechanical strength, and have relatively high fabrication costs. In this study, we utilize a three-layer polypropylene fabric known as Spunbond Meltblown Spunbond (SMS) as the substrate. This choice ensures that the resulting membrane exhibits high strength and low thickness. SMS substrates with various area densities, including 14.5, 15, 17, 20, 25, and 30 g/m2, were coated with different concentrations of waste polystyrene solution (ranging from 5 × 104 to 9 × 104 mg/l) before undergoing sulfonation using concentrated sulfuric acid. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the membrane were characterized and compared with those of commercial Neosepta CMX and Nafion-117 cation-exchange membranes. Remarkably, the fabricated membrane exhibited good performance compared to commercial ones. The cation-exchange capacity (2.76 meq/g) and tensile strength (37.15 MPa) were higher, and the electrical resistance (3.603Ω) and the thickness (130 μm) were lower than the commercial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Asgari
- Department of Civil Engineering, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 1969764499, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Ghavipanjeh
- Energy Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, P.O. Box 3177983634, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Sabour
- Department of Civil Engineering, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 1969764499, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daryoush Emadzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Dischinger S, Miller DJ, Vermaas DA, Kingsbury RS. Unifying the Conversation: Membrane Separation Performance in Energy, Water, and Industrial Applications. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2024; 4:277-289. [PMID: 38357245 PMCID: PMC10862477 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Dense polymer membranes enable a diverse range of separations and clean energy technologies, including gas separation, water treatment, and renewable fuel production or conversion. The transport of small molecular and ionic solutes in the majority of these membranes is described by the same solution-diffusion mechanism, yet a comparison of membrane separation performance across applications is rare. A better understanding of how structure-property relationships and driving forces compare among applications would drive innovation in membrane development by identifying opportunities for cross-disciplinary knowledge transfer. Here, we aim to inspire such cross-pollination by evaluating the selectivity and electrochemical driving forces for 29 separations across nine different applications using a common framework grounded in the physicochemical characteristics of the permeating and rejected solutes. Our analysis shows that highly selective membranes usually exhibit high solute rejection, rather than fast solute permeation, and often exploit contrasts in the size and charge of solutes rather than a nonelectrostatic chemical property, polarizability. We also highlight the power of selective driving forces (e.g., the fact that applied electric potential acts on charged solutes but not on neutral ones) to enable effective separation processes, even when the membrane itself has poor selectivity. We conclude by proposing several research opportunities that are likely to impact multiple areas of membrane science. The high-level perspective of membrane separation across fields presented herein aims to promote cross-pollination and innovation by enabling comparisons of solute transport and driving forces among membrane separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
M. Dischinger
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel J. Miller
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David A. Vermaas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Ryan S. Kingsbury
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Andlinger Center for
Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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3
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Wang R, Lin S. Membrane Design Principles for Ion-Selective Electrodialysis: An Analysis for Li/Mg Separation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38324772 PMCID: PMC10882969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Selective electrodialysis (ED) is a promising membrane-based process to separate Li+ from Mg2+, which is the most critical step for Li extraction from brine lakes. This study theoretically compares the ED-based Li/Mg separation performance of different monovalent selective cation exchange membranes (CEMs) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes at the coupon scale using a unified mass transport model, i.e., a solution-friction model. We demonstrated that monovalent selective CEMs with a dense surface thin film like a polyamide film are more effective in enhancing the Li/Mg separation performance than those with a loose but highly charged thin film. Polyamide film-coated CEMs when used in ED have a performance similar to that of polyamide-based NF membranes when used in NF. NF membranes, when expected to replace monovalent selective CEMs in ED for Li/Mg separation, will require a thin support layer with low tortuosity and high porosity to reduce the internal concentration polarization. The coupon-scale performance analysis and comparison provide new insights into the design of composite membranes used for ED-based selective ion-ion separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
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4
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Tekinalp Ö, Zimmermann P, Holdcroft S, Burheim OS, Deng L. Cation Exchange Membranes and Process Optimizations in Electrodialysis for Selective Metal Separation: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:566. [PMID: 37367770 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The selective separation of metal species from various sources is highly desirable in applications such as hydrometallurgy, water treatment, and energy production but also challenging. Monovalent cation exchange membranes (CEMs) show a great potential to selectively separate one metal ion over others of the same or different valences from various effluents in electrodialysis. Selectivity among metal cations is influenced by both the inherent properties of membranes and the design and operating conditions of the electrodialysis process. The research progress and recent advances in membrane development and the implication of the electrodialysis systems on counter-ion selectivity are extensively reviewed in this work, focusing on both structure-property relationships of CEM materials and influences of process conditions and mass transport characteristics of target ions. Key membrane properties, such as charge density, water uptake, and polymer morphology, and strategies for enhancing ion selectivity are discussed. The implications of the boundary layer at the membrane surface are elucidated, where differences in the mass transport of ions at interfaces can be exploited to manipulate the transport ratio of competing counter-ions. Based on the progress, possible future R&D directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Önder Tekinalp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pauline Zimmermann
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Odne Stokke Burheim
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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5
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Kozmai A, Porozhnyy M, Ruleva V, Gorobchenko A, Pismenskaya N, Nikonenko V. Is It Possible to Prepare a "Super" Anion-Exchange Membrane by a Polypyrrole-Based Modification? MEMBRANES 2023; 13:103. [PMID: 36676909 PMCID: PMC9865286 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In spite of wide variety of commercial ion-exchange membranes, their characteristics, in particular, electrical conductivity and counterion permselectivity, are unsatisfactory for some applications, such as electrolyte solution concentration. This study is aimed at obtaining an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) of high performance in concentrated solutions. An AEM is prepared with a polypyrrole (PPy)-based modification of a heterogeneous AEM with quaternary ammonium functional groups. Concentration dependences of the conductivity, diffusion permeability and Cl− transport number in NaCl solutions are measured and simulated using a new version of the microheterogeneous model. The model describes changes in membrane swelling with increasing concentration and the effect of these changes on the transport characteristics. It is assumed that PPy occupies macro- and mesopores of the host membrane where it replaces non-selective electroneutral solution. Increasing conductivity and selectivity are explained by the presence of positively charged PPy groups. It is found that the conductivity of a freshly prepared membrane reaches 20 mS/cm and the chloride transport number > 0.99 in 4 M NaCl. A choice of input parameters allows quantitative agreement between the experimental and simulation results. However, PPy has shown itself to be an unstable material. This article discusses what parameters a membrane can have to show such exceptional characteristics.
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6
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Prediction of equilibrium water uptake and ions diffusivities in ion-exchange membranes combining molecular dynamics and analytical models. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Iddya A, Zarzycki P, Kingsbury R, Khor CM, Ma S, Wang J, Wheeldon I, Ren ZJ, Hoek EMV, Jassby D. A reverse-selective ion exchange membrane for the selective transport of phosphates via an outer-sphere complexation-diffusion pathway. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1222-1228. [PMID: 36163505 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Specific-ion selectivity is a highly desirable feature for the next generation of membranes. However, existing membranes rely on differences in charge, size and hydration energy, which limits their ability to target individual ion species. Here we demonstrate a nanocomposite ion-exchange membrane material that enables a reverse-selective transport mechanism that can selectively pass a single ion species. We demonstrate this transport mechanism with phosphate ions selectively transporting across negatively charged cation exchange membranes. Selective transport is enabled by the in situ growth of hydrous manganese oxide nanoparticles throughout a cation exchange membrane that provide a diffusion pathway via phosphate-specific, reversible outer-sphere interactions. On incorporating the hydrous manganese oxide nanoparticles, the membrane's phosphate flux increased by a factor of 27 over an unmodified cation exchange membrane, and the selectivity of phosphorous over sulfate, nitrate and chloride reaches 47, 100 and 20, respectively. By pairing ion-specific outer-sphere interactions between the target ions and appropriate nanoparticles, these nanocomposite ion-exchange materials can, in principle, achieve selective transport for a range of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Iddya
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Institute of the Environment & Sustainability and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Piotr Zarzycki
- Energy Geosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Kingsbury
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chia Miang Khor
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Institute of the Environment & Sustainability and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shengcun Ma
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Institute of the Environment & Sustainability and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Institute of the Environment & Sustainability and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ian Wheeldon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Eric M V Hoek
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Institute of the Environment & Sustainability and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Institute of the Environment & Sustainability and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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8
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Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Du X, Gao F, Hao X, Abudula A, Guan G, Liu Z, Li J. Modelling of pseudocapacitive ion adsorption of electrochemically switched ion exchange based on electroactive site concentration. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Kozmai A, Pismenskaya N, Nikonenko V. Mathematical Description of the Increase in Selectivity of an Anion-Exchange Membrane Due to Its Modification with a Perfluorosulfonated Ionomer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042238. [PMID: 35216352 PMCID: PMC8877549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we simulate the changes in the structure and transport properties of an anion-exchange membrane (CJMA-7, Hefei Chemjoy Polymer Materials Co. Ltd., China) caused by its modification with a perfluorosulfonated ionomer (PFSI). The modification was made in several stages and included keeping the membrane at a low temperature, applying a PFSI solution on its surface, and, subsequently, drying it at an elevated temperature. We applied the known microheterogeneous model with some new amendments to simulate each stage of the membrane modification. It has been shown that the PFSI film formed on the membrane-substrate does not affect significantly its properties due to the small thickness of the film (≈4 µm) and similar properties of the film and substrate. The main effect is caused by the fact that PFSI material “clogs” the macropores of the CJMA-7 membrane, thereby, blocking the transport of coions through the membrane. In this case, the membrane microporous gel phase, which exhibits a high selectivity to counterions, remains the primary pathway for both counterions and coions. Due to the above modification of the CJMA-7 membrane, the coion (Na+) transport number in the membrane equilibrated with 1 M NaCl solution decreased from 0.11 to 0.03. Thus, the modified membrane became comparable in its transport characteristics with more expensive IEMs available on the market.
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10
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Kitto D, Kamcev J. Manning condensation in ion exchange membranes: A review on ion partitioning and diffusion models. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kitto
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Jovan Kamcev
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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11
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Gangrade AS, Cassegrain S, Chandra Ghosh P, Holdcroft S. Permselectivity of ionene-based, Aemion® anion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Zimmermann P, Solberg SBB, Tekinalp Ö, Lamb JJ, Wilhelmsen Ø, Deng L, Burheim OS. Heat to Hydrogen by RED-Reviewing Membranes and Salts for the RED Heat Engine Concept. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:48. [PMID: 35054575 PMCID: PMC8779139 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Reverse electrodialysis heat engine (REDHE) combines a reverse electrodialysis stack for power generation with a thermal regeneration unit to restore the concentration difference of the salt solutions. Current approaches for converting low-temperature waste heat to electricity with REDHE have not yielded conversion efficiencies and profits that would allow for the industrialization of the technology. This review explores the concept of Heat-to-Hydrogen with REDHEs and maps crucial developments toward industrialization. We discuss current advances in membrane development that are vital for the breakthrough of the RED Heat Engine. In addition, the choice of salt is a crucial factor that has not received enough attention in the field. Based on ion properties relevant for both the transport through IEMs and the feasibility for regeneration, we pinpoint the most promising salts for use in REDHE, which we find to be KNO3, LiNO3, LiBr and LiCl. To further validate these results and compare the system performance with different salts, there is a demand for a comprehensive thermodynamic model of the REDHE that considers all its units. Guided by such a model, experimental studies can be designed to utilize the most favorable process conditions (e.g., salt solutions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Zimmermann
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.Z.); (S.B.B.S.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Simon Birger Byremo Solberg
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.Z.); (S.B.B.S.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Önder Tekinalp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Ö.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Jacob Joseph Lamb
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.Z.); (S.B.B.S.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Øivind Wilhelmsen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Ö.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Odne Stokke Burheim
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.Z.); (S.B.B.S.); (J.J.L.)
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13
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Lee S, Wang G, Ji N, Zhang M, Wang D, Sun L, Meng W, Zheng Y, Li Y, Wu Y. Synthesis, characterizations and kinetics of MOF‐5 as herbicide vehicle and its controlled release in PVA/ST biodegradable composite membranes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiang Lee
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology No.53, Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology No.53, Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Ji
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology No.53, Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology No.53, Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Lishui Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology No.53, Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiao Meng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology No.53, Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology No.53, Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology No.53, Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
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14
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Kalkus TJ, Guha A, Scholten PB, Nagornii D, Coskun A, Ianiro A, Mayer M. The Green Lean Amine Machine: Harvesting Electric Power While Capturing Carbon Dioxide from Breath. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100995. [PMID: 34047491 PMCID: PMC8336495 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As wearable technologies redefine the way people exchange information, receive entertainment, and monitor health, the development of sustainable power sources that capture energy from the user's everyday activities garners increasing interest. Electric fishes, such as the electric eel and the torpedo ray, provide inspiration for such a power source with their ability to generate massive discharges of electricity solely from the metabolic processes within their bodies. Inspired by their example, the device presented in this work harnesses electric power from ion gradients established by capturing the carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from human breath. Upon localized exposure to CO2 , this novel adaptation of reverse electrodialysis chemically generates ion gradients from a single initial solution uniformly distributed throughout the device instead of requiring the active circulation of two different external solutions. A thorough analysis of the relationship between electrical output and the concentration of carbon capture agent (monoethanolamine, MEA), the amount of CO2 captured, and the device geometry informs device design. The prototype device presented here harvests enough energy from a breath-generated ion gradient to power small electronic devices, such as a light-emitting diode (LED).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J. Kalkus
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 4Fribourg1700Switzerland
| | - Anirvan Guha
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 4Fribourg1700Switzerland
| | - Philip B.V. Scholten
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 4Fribourg1700Switzerland
| | | | - Ali Coskun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musee 9Fribourg1700Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ianiro
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 4Fribourg1700Switzerland
| | - Michael Mayer
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 4Fribourg1700Switzerland
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15
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Yang K, Qin M. The Application of Cation Exchange Membranes in Electrochemical Systems for Ammonia Recovery from Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070494. [PMID: 34208972 PMCID: PMC8305737 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical processes are considered promising technologies for ammonia recovery from wastewater. In electrochemical processes, cation exchange membrane (CEM), which is applied to separate compartments, plays a crucial role in the separation of ammonium nitrogen from wastewater. Here we provide a comprehensive review on the application of CEM in electrochemical systems for ammonia recovery from wastewater. Four kinds of electrochemical systems, including bioelectrochemical systems, electrochemical stripping, membrane electrosorption, and electrodialysis, are introduced. Then we discuss the role CEM plays in these processes for ammonia recovery from wastewater. In addition, we highlight the key performance metrics related to ammonia recovery and properties of CEM membrane. The limitations and key challenges of using CEM for ammonia recovery are also identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohan Qin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(608)-265-9733
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Ramos-Garcés MV, Li K, Lei Q, Bhattacharya D, Kole S, Zhang Q, Strzalka J, Angelopoulou PP, Sakellariou G, Kumar R, Arges CG. Understanding the ionic activity and conductivity value differences between random copolymer electrolytes and block copolymer electrolytes of the same chemistry. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15078-15084. [PMID: 35424026 PMCID: PMC8697982 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a systematic study where the macromolecular architectures of poly(styrene-block-2-vinyl pyridine) block copolymer electrolytes (BCE) are varied and their activity coefficients and ionic conductivities are compared and rationalized versus a random copolymer electrolyte (RCE) of the same repeat unit chemistry. By performing quartz crystal microbalance, ion-sorption, and ionic conductivity measurements of the thin film copolymer electrolytes, it is found that the RCE has higher ionic activity coefficients. This observation is ascribed to the fact that the ionic groups in the RCE are more spaced out, reducing the overall chain charge density. However, the ionic conductivity of the BCE is 50% higher and 17% higher after the conductivity is normalized by their ion exchange capacity values on a volumetric basis. This is attributed to the presence of percolated pathways in the BCE. To complement the experimental findings, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the BCE has larger water cluster sizes, rotational dynamics, and diffusion coefficients, which are contributing factors to the higher ionic conductivity of the BCE variant. The findings herein motivate the design of new polymer electrolyte chemistries that exploit the advantages of both RCEs and BCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario V Ramos-Garcés
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Qi Lei
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Deepra Bhattacharya
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Subarna Kole
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | | | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Revati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Christopher G Arges
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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