1
|
Qin Q, Yang G, Li J, Sun M, Jia H, Wang J. A review of flow field characteristics in submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor: Micro-interface, module and reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121525. [PMID: 38897085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
As an important part of the membrane field, hollow fiber membranes (HFM) have been widely concerned by scholars. HFM fouling in the industrial application results in a reduction in its lifespan and an increase in cost. In recent years, various explorations on the HFM fouling control strategies have been carried out. In the current work, we critically review the influence of flow field characteristics in HFM-based bioreactor on membrane fouling control. The flow field characteristics mainly refer to the spatial and temporal variation of the related physical parameters. In the HFM field, the physical parameter mainly refers to the variation characteristics of the shear force, flow velocity and turbulence caused by hydraulics. The factors affecting the flow field characteristics will be discussed from three levels: the micro-flow field near the interface of membrane (micro-interface), the flow field around the membrane module and the reactor design related to flow field, which involves surface morphology, crossflow, aeration, fiber packing density, membrane vibration, structural design and other related parameters. The study of flow field characteristics and influencing factors in the HFM separation process will help to improve the performance of HFM in full-scale water treatment plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Qin
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, TianGong University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, TianGong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Min Sun
- Centre for Complexity Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, TianGong University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, TianGong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, TianGong University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, TianGong University, Tianjin, 300387, China; Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou, 061000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Romann P, Giller P, Sibilia A, Herwig C, Zydney AL, Perilleux A, Souquet J, Bielser JM, Villiger TK. Co-current filtrate flow in TFF perfusion processes: Decoupling transmembrane pressure from crossflow to improve product sieving. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:640-654. [PMID: 37965698 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fiber-based membrane filtration has emerged as the dominant technology for cell retention in perfusion processes yet significant challenges in alleviating filter fouling remain unsolved. In this work, the benefits of co-current filtrate flow applied to a tangential flow filtration (TFF) module to reduce or even completely remove Starling recirculation caused by the axial pressure drop within the module was studied by pressure characterization experiments and perfusion cell culture runs. Additionally, a novel concept to achieve alternating Starling flow within unidirectional TFF was investigated. Pressure profiles demonstrated that precise flow control can be achieved with both lab-scale and manufacturing-scale filters. TFF systems with co-current flow showed up to 40% higher product sieving compared to standard TFF. The decoupling of transmembrane pressure from crossflow velocity and filter characteristics in co-current TFF alleviates common challenges for hollow fiber-based systems such as limited crossflow rates and relatively short filter module lengths, both of which are currently used to avoid extensive pressure drop along the filtration module. Therefore, co-current filtrate flow in unidirectional TFF systems represents an interesting and scalable alternative to standard TFF or alternating TFF operation with additional possibilities to control Starling recirculation flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Romann
- School of Life Science, Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Giller
- School of Life Science, Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arnaud Perilleux
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Bielser
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Thomas K Villiger
- School of Life Science, Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kürzl C, Hartinger M, Ong P, Schopf R, Schiffer S, Kulozik U. Increasing Performance of Spiral-Wound Modules (SWMs) by Improving Stability against Axial Pressure Drop and Utilising Pulsed Flow. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:791. [PMID: 37755213 PMCID: PMC10535890 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Spacer-induced flow shadows and limited mechanical stability due to module construction and geometry are the main obstacles to improving the filtration performance and cleanability of microfiltration spiral-wound membranes (SWMs), applied to milk protein fractionation in this study. The goal of this study was first to improve filtration performance and cleanability by utilising pulsed flow in a modified pilot-scale filtration plant. The second goal was to enhance membrane stability against module deformation by flow-induced friction in the axial direction ("membrane telescoping"). This was accomplished by stabilising membrane layers, including spacers, at the membrane inlet by glue connections. Pulsed flow characteristics similar to those reported in previous lab-scale studies could be achieved by establishing an on/off bypass around the membrane module, thus enabling a high-frequency flow variation. Pulsed flow significantly increased filtration performance (target protein mass flow into the permeate increased by 26%) and cleaning success (protein removal increased by 28%). Furthermore, adding feed-side glue connections increased the mechanical membrane stability in terms of allowed volume throughput by ≥100% compared to unmodified modules, thus allowing operation with higher axial pressure drops, flow velocities and pulsation amplitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kürzl
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Food Process Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hartinger
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Ong
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Roland Schopf
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Simon Schiffer
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kürzl C, Kulozik U. Comparison of the efficiency of pulsed flow membrane cleaning in hollow fibre (HFM) and spiral-wound microfiltration membranes (SWM). FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
5
|
Application of a pulsed crossflow to improve chemical cleaning efficiency in hollow fibre membranes following skim milk microfiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Echakouri M, Henni A, Salama A. High-Frequency Pulsatile Parameterization Study for the Titania Ceramic Membrane Fouling Mitigation in Oily Wastewater Systems Using the Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1198. [PMID: 36557105 PMCID: PMC9788362 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this comprehensive study, a seven-channel ultrafiltration (UF) titania membrane was used to investigate the impact of the pulsatile cleaning process on the crossflow filtration system. Seventeen experimental runs were performed for different operating conditions with a transmembrane pressure (TMP) varying from 0.5 to 1.5 bar, a crossflow velocity (CFV) ranging from 0.5 to 1 m/s, and pulsatile parameters within an interval varying from 60 to 120 s with a duration of 0.8 s, and collecting membrane permeate flux and volume data. The optimized operating conditions revealed that a TMP of 1.5 bar, a CFV of 0.71 m/s, and a pulsatile cycle of 85 s were the best operating conditions to reach the highest steady permeability flux and volume of 302 LMH and 8.11 L, respectively. The UF ceramic membrane under the optimized inputs allowed for an oil-rejection ability of 99%. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) model was used to analyze the effect of crossflow operating conditions on the permeate flux and volume. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the quadratic regression models were highly significant. At a 95% confidence interval, the optimum TMP significantly enhanced the flux and permeate volume simultaneously. The results also demonstrated a positive interaction between the TMP and the pulsatile process, enhancing the permeate flux with a slight impact on the permeate volume. At the same time, the interaction between the CFV and pulsatile flow improved the permeability and increased the permeate volume.
Collapse
|
7
|
Determination of Compressibility and Relaxation Behavior of Yeast Cell Sediments by Analytical Centrifugation and Comparison with Deposit Formation on Membrane Surfaces. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060603. [PMID: 35736309 PMCID: PMC9229735 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Separation of cells from produced biomolecules is a challenging task in many biotechnological downstream operations due to deposit formation of the retained cells, affecting permeation of the target product. Compression and relaxation behavior of cell deposits formed during filtration are important factors affecting operational performance. The determination of these factors by flux or pressure stepping experiments is time- and labor-intensive. In this work, we propose a screening method by analytical centrifugation, which is capable of detecting small differences in compression and relaxation behavior induced by milieu changes, using a model system comprised of washed and unwashed yeast cells in the presence or absence of bovine serum albumin as a model target protein. The main effects observed were firstly the impact of pH value, affecting interaction of bovine serum albumin and yeast cells especially close to the isoelectric point, and secondly the effect of washing the yeast cells prior to analysis, where the presence of extracellular polymeric substances led to higher compressibility of the deposited cells. By comparing and validating the obtained results with dead-end filtration trials, the stabilizing role of bovine serum albumin in deposits formed at low pH values due to interactions with the yeast cells was underlined.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cai W, Zhang J, Li Y, Chen Q, Xie W, Wang J. Characterizing membrane fouling formation during ultrafiltration of high-salinity organic wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132057. [PMID: 34474376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-salinity organic wastewater usually consists of diverse highly concentrated ions such as Na+, Ca2+ and Al3+ etc., which may significantly influence the fouling propensity when membrane technique is employed for contaminants removal. The current work investigated the effects of high salinity especially high-concentration Na+, Ca2+ and Al3+ on UF fouling characteristics, where 2 M Na+ and 0.5-1.0 M Ca2+ or Al3+ were applied according to the general composition of high-salinity wastewater. The results demonstrated that the presence of high-concentration Na+ alone benefited the ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution, but posed adverse effects on the ultrafiltration of humic acid (HA) solution. Further addition of Ca2+ or Al3+ on the basis of Na+ was found to aggravate the development of BSA fouling. Such differentiated behaviors were further elucidated by the comprehensive fouling characterizations in terms of foulant properties, specific resistances, filtration modelling and fouling layer observations. Correlation analysis suggested that irreversible fouling had strong relationship with Al3+ addition, while reversible fouling seemed to be primarily influenced by foulant size. Meanwhile, membrane rejection in the presence of various salts remarkably decreased, which was negatively correlated with zeta potential. Consequently, this study should shed light on the membrane fouling formation for treating high-salinity organic wastewater using membrane techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qiuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wenwen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weinberger ME, Kulozik U. Understanding the fouling mitigation mechanisms of alternating crossflow during cell-protein fractionation by microfiltration. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
10
|
Weinberger ME, Kulozik U. On the effect of flow reversal during crossflow microfiltration of a cell and protein mixture. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Cai W, Chen Q, Zhang J, Li Y, Xie W, Wang J. Effects of High Salinity on Alginate Fouling during Ultrafiltration of High-Salinity Organic Synthetic Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080590. [PMID: 34436353 PMCID: PMC8402206 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration is widely employed in treating high-salinity organic wastewater for the purpose of retaining particulates, microbes and macromolecules etc. In general, high-salinity wastewater contains diverse types of saline ions at fairly high concentration, which may significantly change foulant properties and subsequent fouling propensity during ultrafiltration. This study filled a knowledge gap by investigating polysaccharide fouling formation affected by various high saline environments, where 2 mol/L Na+ and 0.5–1.0 mol/L Ca2+/Al3+ were employed and the synergistic influences of Na+-Ca2+ and Na+-Al3+ were further unveiled. The results demonstrated that the synergistic influence of Na+-Ca2+ strikingly enlarged the alginate size due to the bridging effects of Ca2+ via binding with carboxyl groups in alginate chains. As compared with pure alginate, the involvement of Na+ aggravated alginate fouling formation, while the subsequent addition of Ca2+ or Al3+ on the basis of Na+ mitigated fouling development. The coexistence of Na+-Ca2+ led to alginate fouling formed mostly in a loose and reversible pattern, accompanied by significant cracks appearing on the cake layer. In contrast, the fouling layer formed by alginate-Na+-Al3+ seemed to be much denser, leading to severer irreversible fouling formation. Notably, the membrane rejection under various high salinity conditions was seriously weakened. Consequently, the current study offered in-depth insights into the development of polysaccharide-associated fouling during ultrafiltration of high-salinity organic wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenwen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Jingwei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
| |
Collapse
|