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Li J, Sun H, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang G. Apolipoprotein C3 is negatively associated with estrogen and mediates the protective effect of estrogen on hypertriglyceridemia in obese adults. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:29. [PMID: 36855114 PMCID: PMC9972754 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both estrogen and apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) play crucial roles in lipid metabolism. But the link between them remains unclear, and it is unknown whether estrogen regulates triglyceride (TG) levels via ApoC3. Researchers hypothesized that estrogen exerts a regulatory effect on ApoC3 metabolism, and that this regulation could play a significant role in lipid metabolism. To explore this potential link, the present investigation aimed to examine the associations between estradiol (E2), ApoC3, and TG levels in both males and females. METHODS A total of 519 obese people (133 males and 386 premenopausal females) were recruited. Based on their TG levels, the participants were split into two groups [hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) group: TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; control group: TG < 1.7 mmol/L]. Serum ApoC3, E2, and TG levels were measured and compared in those two groups for both sexes separately. To ascertain the connection among E2, ApoC3, and TG, linear regression and mediation analysis were used. RESULTS Participants in the HTG group presented higher levels of ApoC3 (P < 0.001). In contrast, they tend to have lower E2 levels than the control. Linear regression analysis proposed that in both sexes, E2 was negatively associated with ApoC3 levels. The relationship remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors (male: standardized β = -0.144, t = -2.392, P < 0.05; female: standardized β = -0.077, t = -2.360, P < 0.001). Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed the relationship between reduced E2 levels and elevated TG levels is directly mediated by ApoC3. CONCLUSIONS In obese men and premenopausal women, ApoC3 was negatively and linearly correlated with serum E2 levels. The findings showed that estrogen may suppress ApoC3 expression and thus lower TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Li
- grid.411607.5Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Honglin Sun
- grid.411607.5Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.411607.5Department of Medical Examination, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Matta RA, Farrage HM, Saedii AA, Abdelrahman MM. Male subclinical hypogonadism and late-onset hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism: mechanisms, endothelial function, and interplay between reproductive hormones, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and endothelial dysfunction. Aging Male 2022; 25:72-87. [PMID: 35291927 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2049744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis and endothelial function in subclinical hypogonadism (SCH) remain unclear. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) participates in atherosclerosis and reproduction. We explored the underlying mechanisms and interplay of endothelial dysfunction, unOC and reproductive hormones in SCH and primary late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). METHODS In the SCH, LOH, and healthy eugonadal male groups, we measured serum unOC, calculated luteinizing hormone/testosterone (LH/T), LH.T product, and estradiol/T (E/T) as indicators of impaired Leydig cells, androgen sensitivity index (ASI), and aromatase activity, respectively (LH set-point regulators), and assessed flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD%), carotid-intima media thickness (CIMT), and aortic stiffness (AS). RESULTS ↑LH/T, ↑ASI, ↓aromatase activity, normal T, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, ↑unOC, and enhanced atherosclerotic markers (↓FMD%, ↑CIMT, ↑AS) are characteristics of SCH. Testosterone was positively correlated with FMD% in SCH. The independent predictors were: SHBG and LH for FMD% and CIMT, respectively, and LH/T, ucOC, FSH, estradiol, and E/T ratio for AS in the LOH group; and LH for FMD% & AS and LH and LH/T for CIMT in all study subjects. CONCLUSIONS SCH is a distinct clinical entity characterized by impaired androgen sensitivity and aromatase activity, compensatory elevated unOC, endothelial dysfunction, and anti-atherogenic role of testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Abedelshaheed Matta
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Hylmarova S, Stechova K, Pavlinkova G, Peknicova J, Macek M, Kvapil M. The impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus on male sexual functions and sex hormone levels. Endocr J 2020; 67:59-71. [PMID: 31619592 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) impact on the male sexual and reproductive functions. We aim to evaluate the influence of T1DM on male sexual function, quality of sexual life, and sex hormone levels. A total of 57 male patients aged 18 to 50 years (mean = 33) with T1DM (duration mean = 15 years) had a medical examination and completed a set of questionnaires - International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Sexual quality of life questionnaire male (SQoL-M). The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 28.1% (IIEF-5 ≤21). Patients without diabetic nephropathy had better erectile function (p = 0.008). Subjects with better glycemic control (HbA1c <65 mmol/mol) had also better erectile function (p = 0.041). At least 8.8% patients had retrograde ejaculation. Blood serum levels of sex hormones were determined and compared to laboratory reference values of healthy men. Total testosterone level was not significantly changed, sex hormone binding globulin was higher (p < 0.001) and its level correlated with daily insulin dose adjusted to body weight (p = 0.008). Free androgen index and calculated free testosterone were lower (p = 0.013; p < 0.001), estradiol was not significantly changed, LH was higher (p < 0.001), FSH was unchanged, and prolactin was higher (p < 0.001). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) negatively correlated with HbA1c (p < 0.001). To conclude, we found significant changes in sexual functions and sex hormone blood concentrations that indicate impairment of sexual and reproductive functions in T1DM males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Hylmarova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Stechova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Peknicova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kvapil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic
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Glisic M, Mujaj B, Rueda-Ochoa OL, Asllanaj E, Laven JSE, Kavousi M, Ikram MK, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Franco OH, Bos D, Muka T. Associations of Endogenous Estradiol and Testosterone Levels With Plaque Composition and Risk of Stroke in Subjects With Carotid Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2017; 122:97-105. [PMID: 29097437 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sex steroids may play a role in plaque composition and in stroke incidence. OBJECTIVES To study the associations of endogenous estradiol and testosterone with carotid plaque composition in elderly men and postmenopausal women with carotid atherosclerosis, as well as with risk of stroke in this population. METHODS AND RESULTS Data of 1023 postmenopausal women and 1124 men (≥45 years) with carotid atherosclerosis, from prospective population-based RS (Rotterdam Study), were available. At baseline, total estradiol (TE) and total testosterone (TT) were measured. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasound, whereas plaque composition (presence of calcification, lipid core, and intraplaque hemorrhage) was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. TE and TT were not associated with calcified carotid plaques in either sex. TE was associated with presence of lipid core in both sexes (in women odds ratio, 1.48 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.15]; in men odds ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.03-1.46]), whereas no association was found between TT and lipid core in either sex. Higher TE (odds ratio, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.03-2.40]) and lower TT (odds ratio, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.68-0.98]) were associated with intraplaque hemorrhage in women but not in men. In women, TE was associated with increased risk of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.01-3.88]), whereas no association was found in men. TT was not associated with risk of stroke in either sex. CONCLUSIONS TE was associated with presence of vulnerable carotid plaque as well as increased risk of stroke in women, whereas no consistent associations were found for TT in either sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Glisic
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Blerim Mujaj
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar L Rueda-Ochoa
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eralda Asllanaj
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joop S E Laven
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bos
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taulant Muka
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., B.M., O.L.R.-O., E.A., M.K., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., D.B., T.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.S.E.L.), Department of Neurology (M.K.I., M.A.I.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V., M.A.I., D.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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