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Cheng R, Xu X, Yang S, Mi Z, Zhao Y, Wang C, Shi X, Gao J, Yu F, Ren X. The effect of APN, hs-CRP and APN/hs-CRP in periodontitis with DAA. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:85. [PMID: 36765308 PMCID: PMC9921664 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common chronic infections induced low-grade inflammation has been correlated with atherosclerosis as supported by strong evidence. The balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory factors was exploited to elucidate the effects of chronic periodontitis on diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. METHODS Study subjects encompassed 30 SPF male rats randomly divided into four groups: A group (NC), B group (T2DM), C group (CP), D group (DM + CP). After developing the model, blood samples were collected from the angular vein analyze serum APN, hs-CRP, and blood lipid. the carotid artery was isolated for HE staining. RESULT Compared with group A, the serum APN in group B, C and D decreased gradually with the progression of the disease. Serum hs-CRP in group B, C and D was significantly increased. At T3, T4 and T5 in group B, C and D, APN/hs-CRP significantly decreased. TC, LDL and TG significantly increased in group B, D; HDL significantly decreased in group C. Carotid artery HE staining showed: compared with group A, different degrees of endothelial defect, destruction of elastic fibers in the middle membrane, disorder of smooth muscle arrangement, and partial dissolution 、 fragmentation and Calcium salt deposition necrosis occurred in group B, C and D. CONCLUSION Enhanced systemic inflammation, decreased adiponectin level, and disorganized lipid metabolism with or without type 2 diabetes attributed to local inflammation of periodontitis can result in an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, it's more meaningful to predict the progression of DAA with anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 63# Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Shurong Yang
- Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 63# Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zhongqian Mi
- Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 63# Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 63# Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 63# Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexue Shi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 63# Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 63# Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 63# Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiuyun Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 63# Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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PEGylated AdipoRon derivatives improve glucose and lipid metabolism under insulinopenic and high-fat diet conditions. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100095. [PMID: 34214600 PMCID: PMC8327158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic actions of adiponectin in improving cell survival and metabolism have motivated the development of small-molecule therapeutic agents for treating diabetes and lipotoxicity. AdipoRon is a synthetic agonist of the adiponectin receptors, yet is limited by its poor solubility and bioavailability. In this work, we expand on the protective effects of AdipoRon in pancreatic β-cells and examine how structural modifications could affect the activity, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of this small molecule. We describe a series of AdipoRon analogs containing amphiphilic ethylene glycol (PEG) chains. Among these, AdipoRonPEG5 induced pleiotropic effects in mice under insulinopenic and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. While both AdipoRon and AdipoRonPEG5 substantially attenuate palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in INS-1 cells, only AdipoRonPEG5 treatment is accompanied by a significant reduction in cytotoxic ceramides. In vivo, AdipoRonPEG5 can substantially reduce pancreatic, hepatic, and serum ceramide species, with a concomitant increase in the corresponding sphingoid bases and improves insulin sensitivity of mice under HFD feeding conditions. Furthermore, hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced insulinopenic adiponectin-null mice is also attenuated upon AdipoRonPEG5 treatment. Our results suggest that AdipoRonPEG5 is more effective in reducing ceramides and dihydroceramides in the liver of HFD-fed mice than AdipoRon, consistent with its potent activity in activating ceramidase in vitro in INS-1 cells. Additionally, these results indicate that the beneficial effects of AdipoRonPEG5 can be partially attributed to improved pharmacokinetics as compared with AdipoRon, thus suggesting that further derivatization may improve affinity and tissue-specific targeting.
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Wu Y, Li S, Wang W, Zhang D. Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate equivalent intakes with metabolic syndrome. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:738-749. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1719390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Wu Z, Xu J, Tan J, Song Y, Liu L, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Li X, Chi Y, Liu Y. Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocytes promote local and hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3375-3385. [PMID: 30772951 PMCID: PMC6484337 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and immune cells play pivotal roles in the inflammation of adipose tissue. Here, we investigated the roles of MAT B lymphocytes in NAFLD. Mice fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) and normal diet (ND) were killed in time gradients (4, 8 and 12 weeks). Compared with ND‐fed mice, intra‐hepatic CD45+CD19+ B lymphocytes increased after 4 weeks (P < 0.01) of HFD feeding, and lasted until the 12th week, infiltrated earlier than CD45+CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD45+F4/80+ macrophages. The mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 decreased in MAT of Bnull HFD‐fed mice compared to that in wild‐type HFD‐fed mice, along with lesser macrophages. Mesenteric adipose tissue B cells from HFD‐fed mice promoted macrophage differentiation to type‐Ι macrophages and expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Macrophages pre‐treated with MAT B cells from HFD‐fed mice showed elevated mRNA expression of IL‐6 and TNF‐α and declined IL‐10 levels in adipocytes compared to ND MAT B cell pre‐treated macrophages. Besides, internal near‐infrared scanning and external transwell assay showed that HFD MAT B cells migrated to the liver more than ND MAT B cells. High‐fat diet MAT B cells induced higher MCP‐1 and lower IL‐10 expression in primary hepatocytes compared to ND MAT B cells in co‐culture experiment. These data indicate that B lymphocytes infiltrate early in MAT during the development of NAFLD, which may not only promote MAT inflammation by regulating macrophages but also migrate to the liver and induce hepatocytes inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Tan
- Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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Hu C, Wang G, Yin W, Zhou Y, Hou J, Wang X, Chen W, Yuan J. Central obesity transition increased urinary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in male adults: A 3-year follow up study. Metabolism 2019; 91:53-60. [PMID: 30513280 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Association of oxidative DNA damage with gain in anthropometric indices has not been fully elucidated. METHODS In this study, participants (n = 1151) were derived from the baseline visit of Wuhan residents in the Wuhan-Zhuhai Cohort Study. The participants finished the physical examinations at both baseline and 3-year follow up. Urinary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured by gradient-elution high performance liquid chromatography method and then calibrated by urinary creatinine (Cr) values. RESULTS Generalized linear models showed that after adjusted for confounding factors, baseline central obesity individuals with a ≥2.5% hip circumference (HC) loss or >5% HC gain had a 0.290 μmol/mol Cr (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.108, 0.472) or 0.553 μmol/mol Cr (95% CI: 0.273, 0.833) increase in urinary 8-OHdG levels compared with those with a -2.5%-2.5% HC gain (both P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with non-central obesity at both baseline and 3-year follow-up, we observed that central obese men at both baseline and 3-year follow-up had a 0.46 μmol/mol Cr (95% CI: 0.16, 0.75) increased in urinary 8-OHdG levels. CONCLUSIONS HC gain showed dose-dependent associations with urinary 8-OHdG levels. Moreover, male central obesity at both baseline and 3-year follow-up had an increased risk for urinary 8-OHdG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guiyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenjun Yin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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Abstract
Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes influence both metabolism and inflammation. Obesity-induced changes to macrophages and adipocytes lead to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. This paper reviews the various functions of macrophages in lean and obese adipose tissue and how obesity alters adipose tissue macrophage phenotypes. Metabolic disease and insulin resistance shift the balance between numerous pro- and anti-inflammatory regulators of macrophages and create a feed-forward loop of increasing inflammatory macrophage activation and worsening adipocyte dysfunction. This ultimately leads to adipose tissue fibrosis and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms underlying these processes have therapeutic implications for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Thomas
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, H-3600, Boston, MA 02118.
| | - Caroline Apovian
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Robinson 4400, Boston, MA 02118.
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Mazur-Bialy AI, Pocheć E. Vitamin B2 deficiency enhances the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte, consequences for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome development. Life Sci 2017; 178:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Stringa N, Brahimaj A, Zaciragic A, Dehghan A, Ikram MA, Hofman A, Muka T, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Franco OH. Relation of antioxidant capacity of diet and markers of oxidative status with C-reactive protein and adipocytokines: a prospective study. Metabolism 2017; 71:171-181. [PMID: 28521871 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of dietary antioxidants and plasma oxidant-antioxidant status in low-grade chronic inflammation and adipocytokine levels is not established yet. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate whether total dietary antioxidant capacity (assessed by dietary ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP)), serum uric acid (UA) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and circulating adipocytokines. METHODS Data of 4506 participants aged ≥55years from the Rotterdam Study were analyzed. Baseline (1990-1993) FRAP score was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Baseline UA and GGT levels were assessed in non-fasting serum samples. Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured at baseline and 10years later. Plasma leptin, adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and resistin levels were assessed 10years later. RESULTS A high FRAP score was associated with lower levels of UA and GGT. Overall, no association was found between FRAP and hs-CRP levels. FRAP score was associated with lower levels of leptin and PAI-1, higher levels of adiponectin, and no difference in resistin levels. Increased levels of UA were associated with higher levels of hs-CRP, PAI-1 and leptin; lower levels of adiponectin and no difference in resistin levels. Similarly, GGT was associated with higher levels of hs-CRP whereas no association was observed between GGT and adipocytokines. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that overall antioxidant capacity of diet and low levels of UA are associated with circulating adipocytokines whereas no consistent association was found with hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najada Stringa
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adela Brahimaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asija Zaciragic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, 02115 Boston, USA
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mazur-Bialy AI, Pocheć E. Riboflavin Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Activation of Adipocyte-Macrophage Co-culture. Potential Application of Vitamin B2 Enrichment for Attenuation of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome Development. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121724. [PMID: 27983705 PMCID: PMC6273179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the progressive increase in the incidence of obese and overweight individuals, cardiometabolic syndrome has become a worldwide pandemic in recent years. Given the immunomodulatory properties of riboflavin, the current study was performed to investigate the potency of riboflavin in reducing obesity-related inflammation, which is the main cause of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus 2 or arteriosclerosis. We determined whether pretreatment with a low dose of riboflavin (10.4–1000 nM) affected the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte-macrophage co-culture (3T3 L1-RAW 264.7) following lipopolysaccharide stimulation (LPS; 100 ng/mL) which mimics obesity-related inflammation. The apoptosis of adipocytes and macrophages as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), transforming growth factor–beta 1 (TGFβ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) expression and release, macrophage migration and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) were determined. Our results indicated an efficient reduction in pro-inflammatory factors (TNFα, IL-6, MCP-1, HMGB1) upon culture with riboflavin supplementation (500–1000 nM), accompanied by elevation in anti-inflammatory adiponectin and IL-10. Moreover, macrophage migration was reduced by the attenuation of chemotactic MCP-1 release and degradation of the extracellular matrix by MMP-9. In conclusion, riboflavin effectively inhibits the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte and macrophage co-cultures, and therefore we can assume that its supplementation may reduce the likelihood of conditions associated with the mild inflammation linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Bialy
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 20, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Liu X, Perakakis N, Gong H, Chamberland JP, Brinkoetter MT, Hamnvik OPR, Mantzoros CS. Adiponectin administration prevents weight gain and glycemic profile changes in diet-induced obese immune deficient Rag1-/- mice lacking mature lymphocytes. Metabolism 2016; 65:1720-1730. [PMID: 27832860 PMCID: PMC5123678 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. Adiponectin is an adipokine that regulates inflammatory responses. The aim of our study was to investigate whether any effects of adiponectin against obesity and insulin-resistance may depend on the adaptive immune system. METHODS We treated high-fat-diet fed Rag1-/- mice lacking mature lymphocytes with adiponectin over 7weeks and investigated alterations in their metabolic outcome and inflammatory state. RESULTS Adiponectin protects from weight gain despite a small compensatory stimulation of energy intake in mice lacking an adaptive immune system. Additionally, adiponectin protects from dysglycemia. Minor alterations in the macrophage phenotype, but not in the circulating cytokine levels, may contribute to the protective role of adiponectin against hyperglycemia and diabetes. CONCLUSION Adiponectin or agents increasing adiponectin may be a promising therapeutic option against obesity and hyperglycemia in immune-deficient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Huizhi Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John P Chamberland
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mary T Brinkoetter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ole-Petter R Hamnvik
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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Lee JTH, Huang Z, Pan K, Zhang HJ, Woo CW, Xu A, Wong CM. Adipose-derived lipocalin 14 alleviates hyperglycaemia by suppressing both adipocyte glycerol efflux and hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. Diabetologia 2016; 59:604-13. [PMID: 26592241 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Growing evidence supports that dysregulation of adipose tissue-derived factors contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Since our global gene profiling analysis has identified lipocalin-14 (LCN14)-a secretory protein with lipid-binding properties-as a potential adipokine highly expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT), this study aims to explore the metabolic roles of LCN14 in obese mice, and to investigate the functional mechanisms involved. METHODS Immunoassays and western blotting were performed to determine the circulating level and tissue distribution of LCN14, respectively. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene delivery was used to overexpress LCN14 in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and the effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were examined. RESULTS LCN14 is expressed predominantly in WAT. Both circulating levels of LCN14 and its expression in adipose tissues are repressed in DIO and genetically inherited diabetic (db/db) mice. Overexpression of LCN14 by rAAV-mediated gene delivery in DIO mice significantly increased insulin sensitivity in major metabolic tissues and ameliorated hyperglycaemia by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. The reduced hepatic glucose production is attributed to the suppressive effects of LCN14 on the expression of gluconeogenic genes and on glycerol efflux in adipocytes, possibly by reducing the expression of aquaporin-7. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Reduced LCN14 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation. LCN14 exerts its beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity via its actions in both adipocytes and hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Tsz Hang Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Herbert Jialiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Connie Waihong Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Adiponectin improves NF-κB-mediated inflammation and abates atherosclerosis progression in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:33. [PMID: 26965176 PMCID: PMC4787184 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a common pathological basis of cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin (APN) has been shown to have an anti-atherosclerosis effect, and the underlying mechanisms, however, are largely unknown. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) has also been regarded as a proatherogenic factor, mainly because of its regulation of a variety of the proinflammatory genes linked to atherosclerosis. It was hypothesized that the inhibitory effects of adiponectin on the atherosclerosis is through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods We injected adenovirus of Ad-eGFP virus (control group) or the same amount of Ad-APN-eGFP virus (APN group) in ApoE-/- mice tail-intravenously. Blood samples and aorta were executed at 0 day, 4, and 8 week of high-fat diet feeding. Histopathological changes of aortic arch root were detected. Levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C were measured. Adiponectin and Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) concentration were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene and protein levels of adiponectin, eNOS, IL-6, MCP-1,VCAM-1, and other inflammatory factors were determined. Adiponectin, NF-κB p65 in aortic arch root were determined by immunofluorescence and western blot. Results Transduction of Ad-APN inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in aorta when compared with control group. The lesion formation in aortic arch root was inhibited significantly (P < 0.01). Lesion lumen ratio decreased significantly (P < 0.001). The expression of adiponectin attenuated the increases of serum TC (P < 0.001), TG (P < 0.001), and LDL-C (P < 0.001) induced by the high-fat diet, and the increase in body weight (P < 0.05). As increasing serum adiponectin, the levels of MMP-9 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The exogenous adiponectin increased the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory factors eNOS (P < 0.05) and IL-10 (P < 0.001), and reduced the gene expression of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.001), VCAM-1 (P < 0.05), respectively. Adiponectin effectively inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway and the expression of NF-κB nuclear protein p65. Conclusions Adiponectin may protect the aorta from atherosclerotic injury by reducing inflammation. The molecular mechanism may involve inhibited the expression of downstream components of NF-κB and its transcription factors.
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Duzagac E, Cifcibasi E, Erdem MG, Karabey V, Kasali K, Badur S, Cintan S. Is obesity associated with healing after non-surgical periodontal therapy? A local vs. systemic evaluation. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:604-12. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Duzagac
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - E. Cifcibasi
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. G. Erdem
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hamur State Hospital; Agri Turkey
| | - V. Karabey
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - K. Kasali
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Fundamental Immunology Unit; School of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - S. Badur
- Department of Biostatistics; School of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - S. Cintan
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
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De Boer AA, Monk JM, Liddle DM, Power KA, Ma DWL, Robinson LE. Fish Oil-Derived Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduce Expression of M1-Associated Macrophage Markers in an ex vivo Adipose Tissue Culture Model, in Part through Adiponectin. Front Nutr 2015; 2:31. [PMID: 26528480 PMCID: PMC4602148 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) macrophages (ATM) play a key role in obesity-associated pathologies, and their phenotype can be influenced by the local tissue microenvironment. Interestingly, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) and the LC n-3 PUFA-upregulated adipokine, adiponectin (Ad), may mitigate excessive ATM inflammatory M1-polarization responses. However, to what extent LC n-3 PUFA and Ad work in concert to affect macrophage phenotype has not been examined. Thus, we used an established ex vivo AT organ culture model using visceral AT from mice fed a control (CON; 10% w/w safflower oil) n-6 PUFA-rich diet or an isocaloric fish oil (FO; 3% w/w menhaden oil + 7% w/w safflower oil)-derived LC n-3 PUFA-rich diet to generate AT conditioned media (ACM). We then evaluated if CON or FO ACM affected macrophage polarization markers in a model designed to mimic acute [18 h ACM plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the last 6 h] or chronic (macrophages treated with LPS-challenged CON or FO ACM for 24 h) inflammation ± Ad-neutralizing antibody and the LPS-neutralizing agent, polymyxin B. In the acute inflammation model, macrophages treated with FO ACM had decreased lipid uptake and mRNA expression of M1 markers (Nos2, Nfκb, Il6, Il18, Ccl2, and Ccl5) compared with CON ACM (p ≤ 0.05); however, these effects were largely attenuated when Ad was neutralized (p > 0.05). Furthermore, in the chronic inflammation model, macrophages treated with FO ACM had decreased mRNA expression of M1 markers (Nos2, Tnfα, Ccl2, and Il1β) and IL-6 and CCL2 secretion (p ≤ 0.05); however, some of these effects were lost when Ad was neutralized, and were further exacerbated when both Ad and LPS were neutralized. Taken together, this work shows that LC n-3 PUFA and Ad work in concert to suppress certain M1 macrophage responses. Thus, future strategies to modulate the ATM phenotype should consider the role of both LC n-3 PUFA and Ad in mitigating obese AT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A De Boer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada ; Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
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Justo ML, Claro C, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM, Herrera MD, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R. Rice bran prevents high-fat diet-induced inflammation and macrophage content in adipose tissue. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2011-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Adiponectin Enhances Cold-Induced Browning of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue via Promoting M2 Macrophage Proliferation. Cell Metab 2015; 22:279-90. [PMID: 26166748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an abundant adipokine with pleiotropic protective effects against a cluster of obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders. However, its role in adaptive thermogenesis has scarcely been explored. Here we showed that chronic cold exposure led to a markedly elevated production of adiponectin in adipocytes of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT), which in turn bound to M2 macrophages in the stromal vascular fraction. Chronic cold exposure-induced accumulation of M2 macrophages, activation of beige cells, and thermogenic program were markedly impaired in scWAT of adiponectin knockout (ADN KO) mice, whereas these impairments were reversed by replenishment with adiponectin. Mechanistically, adiponectin was recruited to the cell surface of M2 macrophages via its binding partner T-cadherin and promoted the cell proliferation by activation of Akt, consequently leading to beige cell activation. These findings uncover adiponectin as a key efferent signal for cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis by mediating the crosstalk between adipocytes and M2 macrophages in scWAT.
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Farr OM, Camp M, Mantzoros CS. New research developments and insights from Metabolism. Metabolism 2015; 64:354-67. [PMID: 25549908 PMCID: PMC4459594 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In a field of great importance to daily life and clinical care, metabolic-related research covers a wealth of information and knowledge. This broad field encompasses a number of physical states that are increasingly critical to study, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, the impacts of diet, nutrition, and exercise on these physical states are an area of ever-important and expanding research. With the latest advances in metabolic research, much knowledge has been gained. Here, we present the newest findings from research published in Metabolism. We hope that these results provide not only critical knowledge needed for clinical care and daily life, but also a platform for the continuing expansion of research into metabolic-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Section of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Michelle Camp
- Section of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Section of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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18
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Wang X, Pu H, Ma C, Jiang T, Wei Q, Zhang C, Duan M, Shou X, Su L, Zhang J, Yang Y. Adiponectin abates atherosclerosis by reducing oxidative stress. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1792-800. [PMID: 25275545 PMCID: PMC4196893 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether the anti-atherosclerosis of adiponectin (APN) relates to the reduction of oxidative stress. We observed the overexpression of adiponectin gene with different titers on atherosclerosis (AS) models of high-fat apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Material/Methods We divided 48 male ApoE−/− mice into 4 groups: control group, high-fat diet group, low adiponectin group, and high adiponectin group. The low and high adiponectin group mice were treated with recombinant adenovirus expressing mice adiponectin (Ad-APN) with low-dose adiponectin 1.0×108 p.f.u. and high-dose adiponectin 5.0×108 p.f.u. via the tail every 2 weeks and given a high-fat diet for the last 8 weeks. On the 14th day after injection, blood samples were obtained from the vena cava. Results Along with increased serum adiponectin, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased (P<0.05) and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased (P<0.05). Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were decreased, especially TC and LDL-C (P<0.05). A real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction test was used to analyze levels of mRNA expression for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and adiponectin in the aorta. Along with increased adiponectin, the mRNA expression of eNOS in the aorta was increased significantly (P<0.05). The lesion formation in the aortic sinus was inhibited by 25% and 31% in the low-APN group and high-APN group, respectively (P<0.05). Along with the increase of adiponectin doses, the damage of atherosclerosis gradually eased. However, the differences between the low-APN group and high-APN group had no statistical significance. Conclusions Adiponectin may protect the aorta from atherosclerosis injury by reducing oxidative stress, reducing lesion formation size in the aortic root and reducing TC, TG, and LDL-C in serum. The molecular mechanism may involve preservation of SOD, reducing MDA in serum, and increasing eNOS and adiponectin mRNA expression in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Hongwei Pu
- Department of Science and Research Education Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Chuang Ma
- Department of Micro-Reconstructive Surgery of Orthopedics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Qin Wei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Mingjun Duan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Xi Shou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Lipin Su
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland)
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Ma TY, Wu JY, Gao XK, Wang JY, Zhan XL, Li WS. Molecular cloning, functional identification and expressional analyses of FasL in Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:448-460. [PMID: 24950416 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
FasL is the most extensively studied apoptosis ligand. In 2000, tilapia FasL was identified using anti-human FasL monoclonal antibody by Evans's research group. Recently, a tilapia FasL-like protein of smaller molecule weight was predicted in Genbank (XM_003445156.2). Based on several clues drawn from previous studies, we cast doubt on the authenticity of the formerly identified tilapia FasL. Conversely, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the existence of the predicted FasL-like was verified at the mRNA level (The Genbank accession number of the FasL mRNA sequence we cloned is KM008610). Through multiple alignments, this FasL-like protein was found to be highly similar to the FasL of the Japanese flounder. Moreover, we artificially expressed the functional region of the predicted protein and later confirmed its apoptosis-inducing activity using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, Annexin-V/Propidium iodide (PI) double staining, and DNA fragment detection. Supported by these evidences, we suggest that the predicted protein is the authentic tilapia FasL. To advance this research further, tilapia FasL mRNA and its protein across different tissues were quantified. High expression levels were identified in the tilapia immune system and sites where active cell turnover conservatively occurs. In this regard, FasL may assume an active role in the immune system and cell homeostasis maintenance in tilapia, similar to that shown in other species. In addition, because the distribution pattern of FasL mRNA did not synchronize with that of the protein, post-transcriptional expression regulation is suggested. Such regulation may be dominated by potential adenylate- and uridylate-rich elements (AREs) featuring AUUUA repeats found in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of tilapia FasL mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-yang Ma
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jin-ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Xiao-ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jing-yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xu-liang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wen-sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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Esmaili S, Xu A, George J. The multifaceted and controversial immunometabolic actions of adiponectin. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:444-51. [PMID: 24997879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, one of the most abundant adipose-derived hormones, has variable actions in many tissues and organs. Although principally known for its insulin-sensitizing activity, recent data also highlight its homeostatic function, which is mediated both by direct actions on metabolic cells and indirectly through immunomodulatory effects on immune cells. Here we review the multifaceted immunometabolic actions of adiponectin and attempt to unify some of the contradictory reports on adiponectin function in inflammatory processes. We propose that a holistic understanding of adiponectin function can be garnered only from understanding its actions both on the immune system and on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Esmaili
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Nakatsuji H, Kishida K, Sekimoto R, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Tracing the movement of adiponectin in a parabiosis model of wild-type and adiponectin-knockout mice. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:276-82. [PMID: 24918039 PMCID: PMC4048846 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is exclusively synthesized by adipocytes and exhibits anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated in obese individuals with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms responsible for hypoadiponectinemia remain unclear. Here, we investigated adiponectin movement using hetero parabiosis model of wild type (WT) and adiponectin-deficient (KO) mice. WT mice were parabiosed with WT mice (WT-WT) or KO mice (WT-KO) and adiponectin levels were measured serially up to 63 days after surgery. In the WT-KO parabiosis model, circulating adiponectin levels of the WT partners decreased rapidly, on the other hand, those of KO partners increased, and then these reached comparable levels each other at day 7. Circulating adiponectin levels decreased further to the detection limit of assay, and remained low up to day 63. However, adiponectin protein was detected in the adipose tissues of not only the WT partner but also WT-KO mice. In the diet-induced obesity model, high adiponectin protein levels were detected in adipose stromal vascular fraction of diet-induced obese KO partner, without changes in its binding proteins. The use of parabiosis experiments shed light on movement of native adiponectin among different tissues such as the state of hypoadiponectinemia in obesity.
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Key Words
- APN, adiponectin
- Adiponectin
- Adipose tissue
- HF/HS, high fat/high sucrose diet
- KO (WT–KO), KO partner of WT–KO
- KO, adiponectin deficient mice
- MAF, mature adipocyte fraction
- NC, normal chow diet
- Obesity
- Parabiosis
- SVF, stromal vascular fraction
- WATmes, mesenteric white adipose tissue
- WATsub, subcutaneous white adipose tissue
- WT (WT–KO), WT partner of WT–KO
- WT (WT–WT), WT partner of WT–WT
- WT, wild type mice
- WT–KO, parabiosis between WT and KO
- WT–WT, parabiosis between WT and WT
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kishida
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sekimoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan ; Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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