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Gu H, Pan Y, Xiao H, Zhao L, Tang Y, Ge W. Knockdown of LAP2α inhibits adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells and ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23664. [PMID: 38775797 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302435rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Adipogenesis, a pivotal cellular process involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to mature adipocytes, plays a significant role in various physiological functions. Dysregulation of adipogenesis is implicated in conditions such as obesity. However, the complete molecular understanding of adipogenesis remains elusive. This study aimed to uncover the novel role of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2α) in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) adipogenesis and its impact on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. LAP2α expression was assessed during the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The functional role of LAP2α in adipogenesis was explored both in vitro and in vivo through loss- and gain-of-function studies. Moreover, mice with HFD-induced obesity received lentivirus injection to assess the effect of LAP2α knockdown on fat accumulation. Molecular mechanisms underlying LAP2α in adipogenic differentiation were investigated using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and Oil Red O staining. LAP2α expression was upregulated during hASCs adipogenic differentiation. LAP2α knockdown hindered adipogenesis, while LAP2α overexpression promoted adipogenic differentiation. Notably, LAP2α deficiency resisted HFD-induced obesity, improved glucose intolerance, mitigated insulin resistance, and prevented fatty liver development. Mechanistically, LAP2α knockdown attenuated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation by reducing the protein level of phosphorylated STAT3. A STAT3 activator (Colivelin) counteracted the negative impact of LAP2α deficiency on hASCs adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, our current study established LAP2α as a crucial regulator of hASCs adipogenic differentiation, unveiling a new therapeutic target for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gu
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yiman Tang
- Fourth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenshu Ge
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
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Xue Z, Liao Y, Li Y. Effects of microenvironment and biological behavior on the paracrine function of stem cells. Genes Dis 2024; 11:135-147. [PMID: 37588208 PMCID: PMC10425798 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the most well-studied cell type in the field of stem cell therapy, have multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal potential. MSC-based therapies have been used to treat diverse diseases because of their ability to potently repair tissue and locally restore function. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that paracrine function is central to the effects of MSC-based therapy. Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, and extracellular vehicles all contribute to the beneficial effects of MSCs on tissue regeneration and repair. The paracrine substances secreted by MSCs change depending on the tissue microenvironment and biological behavior. In this review, we discuss the bioactive substances secreted by MSCs depending on the microenvironment and biological behavior and their regulatory mechanisms, which explain their potential to treat human diseases, to provide new ideas for further research and clinical cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xue
- The Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- The Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ye Li
- The Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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3
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Robinson K, Mosley TJ, Rivera-González KS, Jabbarpour CR, Curtis SW, Adeyemo WL, Beaty TH, Butali A, Buxó CJ, Cutler DJ, Epstein MP, Gowans LJ, Hecht JT, Murray JC, Shaw GM, Uribe LM, Weinberg SM, Brand H, Marazita ML, Lipinski RJ, Leslie EJ. Trio-based GWAS identifies novel associations and subtype-specific risk factors for cleft palate. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100234. [PMID: 37719664 PMCID: PMC10502411 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common craniofacial birth defects; however, there are relatively few established genetic risk factors associated with its occurrence despite high heritability. Historically, CP has been studied as a single phenotype, although it manifests across a spectrum of defects involving the hard and/or soft palate. We performed a genome-wide association study using transmission disequilibrium tests of 435 case-parent trios to evaluate broad risks for any cleft palate (ACP) (n = 435), and subtype-specific risks for any cleft soft palate (CSP), (n = 259) and any cleft hard palate (CHP) (n = 125). We identified a single genome-wide significant locus at 9q33.3 (lead SNP rs7035976, p = 4.24 × 10-8) associated with CHP. One gene at this locus, angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2), plays a role in osteoblast differentiation. It is expressed both in craniofacial tissue of human embryos and developing mouse palatal shelves. We found 19 additional loci reaching suggestive significance (p < 5 × 10-6), of which only one overlapped between groups (chromosome 17q24.2, ACP and CSP). Odds ratios for the 20 loci were most similar across all 3 groups for SNPs associated with the ACP group, but more distinct when comparing SNPs associated with either subtype. We also found nominal evidence of replication (p < 0.05) for 22 SNPs previously associated with orofacial clefts. Our study to evaluate CP risks in the context of its subtypes and we provide newly reported associations affecting the broad risk for CP as well as evidence of subtype-specific risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Robinson
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Trenell J. Mosley
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Rivera-González
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christopher R. Jabbarpour
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah W. Curtis
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos 101017, Nigeria
| | - Terri H. Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Biology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Carmen J. Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
| | - David J. Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Lord J.J. Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lina Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics & The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Robert J. Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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4
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Robinson K, Mosley TJ, Rivera-González KS, Jabbarpour CR, Curtis SW, Adeyemo WL, Beaty TH, Butali A, Buxó CJ, Cutler DJ, Epstein MP, Gowans LJ, Hecht JT, Murray JC, Shaw GM, Uribe LM, Weinberg SM, Brand H, Marazita ML, Lipinski RJ, Leslie EJ. Trio-based GWAS identifies novel associations and subtype-specific risk factors for cleft palate. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.01.23286642. [PMID: 37066311 PMCID: PMC10104215 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.23286642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common craniofacial birth defects and are often categorized into two etiologically distinct groups: cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and isolated cleft palate (CP). CP is highly heritable, but there are still relatively few established genetic risk factors associated with its occurrence compared to CL/P. Historically, CP has been studied as a single phenotype despite manifesting across a spectrum of defects involving the hard and/or soft palate. We performed GWAS using transmission disequilibrium tests using 435 case-parent trios to evaluate broad risks for any cleft palate (ACP, n=435), as well as subtype-specific risks for any cleft soft palate (CSP, n=259) and any cleft hard palate (CHP, n=125). We identified a single genome-wide significant locus at 9q33.3 (lead SNP rs7035976, p=4.24×10 -8 ) associated with CHP. One gene at this locus, angiopoietin-like 2 ( ANGPTL2 ), plays a role in osteoblast differentiation. It is expressed in craniofacial tissue of human embryos, as well as in the developing mouse palatal shelves. We found 19 additional loci reaching suggestive significance (p<5×10 -6 ), of which only one overlapped between groups (chromosome 17q24.2, ACP and CSP). Odds ratios (ORs) for each of the 20 loci were most similar across all three groups for SNPs associated with the ACP group, but more distinct when comparing SNPs associated with either the CSP or CHP groups. We also found nominal evidence of replication (p<0.05) for 22 SNPs previously associated with cleft palate (including CL/P). Interestingly, most SNPs associated with CL/P cases were found to convey the opposite effect in those replicated in our dataset for CP only. Ours is the first study to evaluate CP risks in the context of its subtypes and we provide newly reported associations affecting the broad risk for CP as well as evidence of subtype-specific risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trenell J Mosley
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Current address: Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kenneth S Rivera-González
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Christopher R Jabbarpour
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Sarah W Curtis
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Biology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Carmen J Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Lord Jj Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Lina Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics & The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Matsukawa T, Doi T, Obayashi K, Sumida K, Fujimoto N, Endo M. ANGPTL8 links inflammation and poor differentiation, which are characteristics of malignant renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:1410-1422. [PMID: 36529524 PMCID: PMC10067409 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is observed in many tumors, which affects metastasis, infiltration, and immune escape and causes poor differentiation of the cancer cells. However, the molecular basis underlying the relationship between inflammation and poor differentiation in tumors has not been identified. In this study, we demonstrate that angiopoietin-like protein-8 (ANGPTL8), which is induced by stress stimuli such as inflammation, is involved in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells. ANGPTL8 is also involved in the production of chemokines that attract immune suppressor cells to the tumor microenvironment. ANGPTL8 sustains the continuous production of chemokines by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and maintains the undifferentiated state of ccRCC cells. Finally, ANGPTL8 is induced by STAT3 signaling, which is activated by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. These results support a role for ANGPTL8 in determining the properties of ccRCC by hampering tumor cell differentiation and establishing the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Matsukawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Doi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kunie Obayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sumida
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Naohiro Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Endo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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6
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Endothelial cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 supports hematopoietic stem cell activities in bone marrow niches. Blood 2021; 139:1529-1540. [PMID: 34929029 PMCID: PMC9015010 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell-derived ANGPTL2 is important for the maintenance of HSC activities in bone marrow niches. ANGPTL2-mediated signaling pathways enhance PPARδ expression to transactivate G0s2 to sustain HSC activities.
Bone marrow niche cells have been reported to fine-tune hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) stemness via direct interaction or secreted components. Nevertheless, how niche cells control HSC activities remains largely unknown. We previously showed that angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) can support the ex vivo expansion of HSCs by binding to human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2. However, how ANGPTL2 from specific niche cell types regulates HSC activities under physiological conditions is still not clear. Herein, we generated an Angptl2-flox/flox transgenic mouse line and conditionally deleted Angptl2 expression in several niche cells, including Cdh5+ or Tie2+ endothelial cells, Prx1+ mesenchymal stem cells, and Pf4+ megakaryocytes, to evaluate its role in the regulation of HSC fate. Interestingly, we demonstrated that only endothelial cell-derived ANGPTL2 and not ANGPTL2 from other niche cell types plays important roles in supporting repopulation capacity, quiescent status, and niche localization. Mechanistically, ANGPTL2 enhances peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor D (PPARD) expression to transactivate G0s2 to sustain the perinuclear localization of nucleolin to prevent HSCs from entering the cell cycle. These findings reveal that endothelial cell-derived ANGPTL2 serves as a critical niche component to maintain HSC stemness, which may benefit the understanding of stem cell biology in bone marrow niches and the development of a unique strategy for the ex vivo expansion of HSCs.
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Thorin-Trescases N, Labbé P, Mury P, Lambert M, Thorin E. Angptl2 is a Marker of Cellular Senescence: The Physiological and Pathophysiological Impact of Angptl2-Related Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12232. [PMID: 34830112 PMCID: PMC8624568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell fate primarily induced by DNA damage, characterized by irreversible growth arrest in an attempt to stop the damage. Senescence is a cellular response to a stressor and is observed with aging, but also during wound healing and in embryogenic developmental processes. Senescent cells are metabolically active and secrete a multitude of molecules gathered in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP includes inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and metalloproteinases, with autocrine and paracrine activities. Among hundreds of molecules, angiopoietin-like 2 (angptl2) is an interesting, although understudied, SASP member identified in various types of senescent cells. Angptl2 is a circulatory protein, and plasma angptl2 levels increase with age and with various chronic inflammatory diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, heart failure and a multitude of age-related diseases. In this review, we will examine in which context angptl2 was identified as a SASP factor, describe the experimental evidence showing that angptl2 is a marker of senescence in vitro and in vivo, and discuss the impact of angptl2-related senescence in both physiological and pathological conditions. Future work is needed to demonstrate whether the senescence marker angptl2 is a potential clinical biomarker of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Thorin-Trescases
- Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; (P.L.); (P.M.); (M.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Pauline Labbé
- Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; (P.L.); (P.M.); (M.L.); (E.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Pauline Mury
- Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; (P.L.); (P.M.); (M.L.); (E.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; (P.L.); (P.M.); (M.L.); (E.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; (P.L.); (P.M.); (M.L.); (E.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Jiang C, Yao S, Guo Y, Ma L, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Cao Z. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 deficiency promotes periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss. J Periodontol 2021; 93:1525-1539. [PMID: 34709660 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human periodontitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease that leads to connective tissue degradation, alveolar bone resorption, and tooth loss. Angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2) regulates chronic inflammation in various diseases and is functionally involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting tissue regeneration, but there is limited information about its function in periodontitis. Here we investigated the expression and explicit role of ANGPTL2 in periodontitis. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the ANGPTL2 expression in periodontal tissues and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). A ligature-induced periodontitis model was generated in wild-type and ANGPTL2 knockout mice. qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess the production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in cultured PDLCs. Western blot was performed to detect proteins in relevant signaling pathways. RESULTS Increased ANGPTL2 expression was observed in inflamed periodontal tissues and PDLCs. ANGPTL2 deficiency promoted alveolar bone loss with enhanced osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory reactions in ligature-induced periodontitis. Downregulation of ANGPTL2 remarkably enhanced expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, MMP1, and MMP13 in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced PDLCs, whereas ANGPTL2-overexpressing PDLCs showed opposite trends. ANGPTL2 downregulation activated STAT3 and nuclear factor-κB pathways and blocked Akt signaling under inflammatory environment. Treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor partially suppressed the inflammatory reaction of PDLCs mediated by ANGPTL2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence of an anti-inflammatory effect of ANGPTL2 in murine periodontitis. The findings demonstrate the critical and protective role of ANGPTL2 in alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Yao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Stockwin LH. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) resembles a mesenchymal stromal progenitor: evidence from meta-analysis of transcriptomic data. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9394. [PMID: 32596059 PMCID: PMC7307565 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is an extremely rare malignancy characterized by the unbalanced translocation der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25). This translocation generates a fusion protein, ASPL-TFE3, that drives pathogenesis through aberrant transcriptional activity. Although considerable progress has been made in identifying ASPS therapeutic vulnerabilities (e.g., MET inhibitors), basic research efforts are hampered by the lack of appropriate in vitro reagents with which to study the disease. In this report, previously unmined microarray data for the ASPS cell line, ASPS-1, was analyzed relative to the NCI sarcoma cell line panel. These data were combined with meta-analysis of pre-existing ASPS patient microarray and RNA-seq data to derive a platform-independent ASPS transcriptome. Results demonstrated that ASPS-1, in the context of the NCI sarcoma cell panel, had some similarities to normal mesenchymal cells and connective tissue sarcomas. The cell line was characterized by high relative expression of transcripts such as CRYAB, MT1G, GCSAML, and SV2B. Notably, ASPS-1 lacked mRNA expression of myogenesis-related factors MYF5, MYF6, MYOD1, MYOG, PAX3, and PAX7. Furthermore, ASPS-1 had a predicted mRNA surfaceome resembling an undifferentiated mesenchymal stromal cell through expression of GPNMB, CD9 (TSPAN29), CD26 (DPP4), CD49C (ITGA3), CD54 (ICAM1), CD63 (TSPAN30), CD68 (SCARD1), CD130 (IL6ST), CD146 (MCAM), CD147 (BSG), CD151 (SFA-1), CD166 (ALCAM), CD222 (IGF2R), CD230 (PRP), CD236 (GPC), CD243 (ABCB1), and CD325 (CDHN). Subsequent re-analysis of ASPS patient data generated a consensus expression profile with considerable overlap between studies. In common with ASPS-1, elevated expression was noted for CTSK, DPP4, GPNMB, INHBE, LOXL4, PSG9, SLC20A1, STS, SULT1C2, SV2B, and UPP1. Transcripts over-expressed only in ASPS patient samples included ABCB5, CYP17A1, HIF1A, MDK, P4HB, PRL, and PSAP. These observations are consistent with that expected for a mesenchymal progenitor cell with adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic potential. In summary, the consensus data generated in this study highlight the unique and highly conserved nature of the ASPS transcriptome. Although the ability of the ASPL-TFE3 fusion to perturb mRNA expression must be acknowledged, the prevailing ASPS transcriptome resembles that of a mesenchymal stromal progenitor.
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SPOCK1 is a novel inducer of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9785. [PMID: 32555336 PMCID: PMC7300011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the role of extracellular-matrix proteoglycans in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). SPOCK1 is an extracellular proteoglycan that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several cancer cell lines and exhibits protease-inhibitory activity. However, the role of SPOCK1 in non-cancerous diseases such as DIGO has not been well-addressed. We demonstrated that the expression of SPOCK1, TGF-β1, and MMP-9 in calcium channel blocker-induced gingival overgrowth is higher than that in non-overgrowth tissues. Transgenic mice overexpressing Spock1 developed obvious gingival-overgrowth and fibrosis phenotypes, and positively correlated with EMT-like changes. Furthermore, in vitro data indicated a tri-directional interaction between SPOCK1, TGF-β1, and MMP-9 that led to gingival overgrowth. Our study shows that SPOCK1 up-regulation in a noncancerous disease and SPOCK1-induced EMT in gingival overgrowth occurs via cooperation and crosstalk between several potential signaling pathways. Therefore, SPOCK1 is a novel therapeutic target for gingival overgrowth and its expression is a potential risk of EMT induction in cancerous lesions.
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11
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BMAL1 regulates balance of osteogenic–osteoclastic function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus through the NF-κB pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1691-1704. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ramírez-Salazar EG, Carrillo-Patiño S, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Rivera-Paredez B, Quiterio M, Ramírez-Palacios P, Patiño N, Valdés-Flores M, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Serum miRNAs miR-140-3p and miR-23b-3p as potential biomarkers for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women. Gene 2018; 679:19-27. [PMID: 30171938 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density and decreased bone strength, leading to an increased risk of fractures with a consequent increase in morbidity and mortality. The current methods to estimate the fracture risk are very limited. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered as good biomarkers for many pathological processes, including osteoporosis. Some circulating miRNAs are associated with regulation of bone formation and differentiation of bone cells. The aim of this study, was to analyze the expression of miRNAs in serum of patients with osteoporosis (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). Expression of 754 miRNAs was analyzed through quantitative real time RT-PCR arrays. Seven miRNAs showed significant differences between groups. The microRNAs miR-23b-3p, miR-140-3p and miR-885-5p were selected based on fold change and p-values (40.5, p = 0.038, 20.7, p = 0.045, and 2.2, p = 0.002; respectively) for validation in independent serum samples from patients with osteopenia (n = 28), osteoporosis (n = 26) and osteoporotic hip fracture (n = 21). After validation, we confirm differences across the groups for miR-23b-3p and miR-140-3p. Our data pointed miR-140-3p and miR-23b-3p as potential biomarkers candidates for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Ramírez-Salazar
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Carrillo-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Quiterio
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Paula Ramírez-Palacios
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nelly Patiño
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Valdés-Flores
- Laboratorio de Genética, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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SALL4 promotes osteoblast differentiation by deactivating NOTCH2 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Tanoue H, Morinaga J, Yoshizawa T, Yugami M, Itoh H, Nakamura T, Uehara Y, Masuda T, Odagiri H, Sugizaki T, Kadomatsu T, Miyata K, Endo M, Terada K, Ochi H, Takeda S, Yamagata K, Fukuda T, Mizuta H, Oike Y. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 promotes chondrogenic differentiation during bone growth as a cartilage matrix factor. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:108-117. [PMID: 29074299 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrocyte differentiation is crucial for long bone growth. Many cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins reportedly contribute to chondrocyte differentiation, indicating that mechanisms underlying chondrocyte differentiation are likely more complex than previously appreciated. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is a secreted factor normally abundantly produced in mesenchymal lineage cells such as adipocytes and fibroblasts, but its loss contributes to the pathogenesis of lifestyle- or aging-related diseases. However, the function of ANGPTL2 in chondrocytes, which are also differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells, remains unclear. Here, we investigate whether ANGPTL2 is expressed in or functions in chondrocytes. METHODS First, we evaluated Angptl2 expression during chondrocyte differentiation using chondrogenic ATDC5 cells and wild-type epiphyseal cartilage of newborn mice. We next assessed ANGPTL2 function in chondrogenic differentiation and associated signaling using Angptl2 knockdown ATDC5 cells and Angptl2 knockout mice. RESULTS ANGPTL2 is expressed in chondrocytes, particularly those located in resting and proliferative zones, and accumulates in ECM surrounding chondrocytes. Interestingly, long bone growth was retarded in Angptl2 knockout mice from neonatal to adult stages via attenuation of chondrocyte differentiation. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments show that changes in ANGPTL2 expression can also alter p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity mediated by integrin α5β1. CONCLUSION ANGPTL2 contributes to chondrocyte differentiation and subsequent endochondral ossification through α5β1 integrin and p38 MAPK signaling during bone growth. Our findings provide insight into molecular mechanisms governing communication between chondrocytes and surrounding ECM components in bone growth activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanoue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - J Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Yoshizawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - M Yugami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Itoh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Y Uehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Odagiri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Sugizaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Kadomatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - K Miyata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - M Endo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - K Terada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Ochi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - S Takeda
- Endocrine Center, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 05-8470, Japan
| | - K Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Mizuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Y Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.
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Tang Y, Lv L, Li W, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Ge W, Zhou Y. Protein deubiquitinase USP7 is required for osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:186. [PMID: 28807012 PMCID: PMC5557518 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with self-renewal capabilities and multilineage differentiation potential, including osteogenesis. Although protein deubiquitinases have been linked to stem cell fate determination, whether protein deubiquitination contributes to lineage commitment during osteogenic differentiation of hASCs remains to be investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) on osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. METHODS An osteocalcin promoter driven luciferase reporter system was established to initially discover the potential association between USP7 and hASC osteogenesis. To further characterize the function of USP7 in osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out through genetic depletion or overexpression of USP7 using a lentiviral strategy. Moreover, HBX 41,108, a cyanoindenopyrazine-derived deubiquitinase inhibitor of USP7, was utilized at different doses to further examine whether USP7 regulated osteogenic differentiation of hASCs through its enzymatic activity. RESULTS We demonstrated that USP7 depletion was associated with remarkable downregulation of the reporter gene activity. Genetic depletion of USP7 by lentiviral RNAi markedly suppressed hASC osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of USP7 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Notably, chemical blockade via the small molecular inhibitor HBX 41,108 could efficiently mimic the effects of USP7 genetic depletion in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study revealed that protein deubiquitinase USP7 is an essential player in osteogenic differentiation of hASCs through its catalytic activity, and supported the pursuit of USP7 as a potential target for modulation of hASC-based stem cell therapy and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Tang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshu Ge
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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