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Jin JJ, Ko IG, Hwang L, Kim SH, Jee YS, Jeon H, Park SB, Jeon JW. Simultaneous Treatment of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid and Treadmill Exercise More Effectively Improves Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5076. [PMID: 38791116 PMCID: PMC11120947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by continuous mucosal ulceration of the colon, starting in the rectum. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the main therapy for ulcerative colitis; however, it has side effects. Physical exercise effectively increases the number of anti-inflammatory and anti-immune cells in the body. In the current study, the effects of simultaneous treatment of treadmill exercise and 5-ASA were compared with monotherapy with physical exercise or 5-ASA in UC mice. To induce the UC animal model, the mice consumed 2% dextran sulfate sodium dissolved in drinking water for 7 days. The mice in the exercise groups exercised on a treadmill for 1 h once a day for 14 days after UC induction. The 5-ASA-treated groups received 5-ASA by enema injection using a 200 μL polyethylene catheter once a day for 14 days. Simultaneous treatment improved histological damage and increased body weight, colon weight, and colon length, whereas the disease activity index score and collagen deposition were decreased. Simultaneous treatment with treadmill exercise and 5-ASA suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis following UC. The benefits of this simultaneous treatment may be due to inhibition on nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling activation. Based on this study, simultaneous treatment of treadmill exercise and 5-ASA can be considered as a new therapy of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jang Jin
- Team of Efficacy Evaluation, Orient Genia Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (J.-J.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Research Support Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Team of Efficacy Evaluation, Orient Genia Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (J.-J.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The Stat University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Yong-Seok Jee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su Bee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
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Zang W, Yan J. Exercise interventions for nonspecific low back pain: a bibliometric analysis of global research from 2018 to 2023. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1390920. [PMID: 38741767 PMCID: PMC11089117 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1390920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore global research trends on exercise interventions for nonspecific low back pain from 2018 to 2023 through bibliometric analysis. Methods A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database to select relevant research articles published between 2018 and 2023. Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, the relationships and impacts among publications, different countries, journals, author groups, references, and keywords were analyzed in depth. Results The bibliometric analysis included 4,896 publications, showing a trend of initial growth followed by a decline. At the national level, the United States made the most significant contributions in this field. The journal "Lancet" had three of the top 10 most-cited articles, with an average citation count of 306.33, and an impact factor reaching 168.9 in 2023. The analysis also revealed that "disability," "prevalence," and "management" were high-frequency keywords beyond the search terms, while "rehabilitation medicine," "experiences," and "brain" emerged as new hotspots in the research. Conclusion This study reveals the global trends in research on exercise interventions for nonspecific low back pain over the past 5 years and highlights potential research frontiers in the field. These findings provide a solid foundation for focusing on key issues, potential collaboration directions, and trends in research development in the future, offering valuable references for further in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zang
- Postgraduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Pedersen LN, Blanks AM, Bohmke NJ, Mihalick VL, Franco RL. Acute, but not chronic, aerobic exercise alters the impact of ex vivo LDL and fatty acid stimulation on monocytes and macrophages from healthy, young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:975-988. [PMID: 36607416 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride concentrations are associated with future cardiovascular risk in young adults. Conversely, chronic physical activity is generally accepted to reduce CVD risk. Atherosclerosis is a major underlying cause of CVD, and atherogenesis is mediated by peripheral monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. The study aimed to determine if an individual's physical activity level impacts the phenotype of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages when stimulated with LDL and fatty acid ex vivo. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from healthy, young adults of differing physical activity levels before and after a single bout of moderate intensity exercise (25 min at 60% of VO2peak). PBMCs were stimulated with LDL and palmitate ex vivo prior to differentiation into macrophages. Monocyte subset percentages and monocyte-derived macrophage expression of phenotypic (CD86, CD206) and functional (CCR2, ERK 1/2) markers were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared to baseline, ex vivo LDL and palmitate stimulation decreased (p = 0.038) non-classical monocyte percentage from 24.7 ± 3.2 to 21.5 ± 2.6% in all participants. When ex vivo lipid stimulation was preceded by acute exercise, non-classical monocyte percentage was similar to baseline levels (p = 0.670, 25.8 ± 2.15%). Macrophage CD86/CD206 was increased from 1.30 ± 0.14 to 1.68 ± 0.19 when preceded by acute exercise in all participants. No differences were observed between participants of differing physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that acute exercise modulates monocyte phenotype after LDL and palmitate stimulation in a protective manner, however, chronic physical activity does not alter monocyte/macrophage responses to any experimental condition in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Pedersen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anson M Blanks
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1020 West Grace Street, Room 113, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Natalie J Bohmke
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1020 West Grace Street, Room 113, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Virginia L Mihalick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Lee Franco
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1020 West Grace Street, Room 113, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
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Ma Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Xuan J, Gao X, Ding H, Ma C, Chen Y, Yang Y. Roles of physical exercise-induced MiR-126 in cardiovascular health of type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:169. [PMID: 36376958 PMCID: PMC9661802 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical activity is widely recommended for preventing and treating cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an angiogenetic regulator abundant in endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). It is primarily involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis for cardiovascular protection. According to recent studies, the levels of miR-126 in the myocardium and circulation are affected by exercise protocol. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-and high-intensity aerobic exercise, whether acute or chronic, can increase circulating miR-126 in healthy adults. Chronic aerobic exercise can effectively rescue the reduction of myocardial and circulating miR-126 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic mice against diabetic vascular injury. Resistance exercise can raise circulating VEGF levels, but it may have a little influence on circulating miR-126. The Several targets of miR-126 have been suggested for cardiovascular fitness, such as sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7). Here, we present a comprehensive review of the roles of miR-126 and its downstream proteins as exercise mechanisms, and propose that miR-126 can be applied as an exercise indicator for cardiovascular prescriptions and as a preventive or therapeutic target for cardiovascular complications in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Ma
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Junjie Xuan
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Huixian Ding
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chunlian Ma
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Effect of Prior Exercise on Postprandial Lipemia: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:501-518. [PMID: 36028221 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the results from current literature examining the effects of prior exercise on the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to evaluate current literature and provide future direction. A quantitative review was performed using meta-analytic methods to quantify individual effect sizes. A moderator analysis was performed to investigate potential variables that could influence the effect of prior exercise on postprandial TG response. Two hundred and seventy-nine effects were retrieved from 165 studies for the total TG response and 142 effects from 87 studies for the incremental area under the curve TG response. There was a moderate effect of exercise on the total TG response (Cohen's d = -0.47; p < .0001). Moderator analysis revealed exercise energy expenditure significantly moderated the effect of prior exercise on the total TG response (p < .0001). Exercise modality (e.g., cardiovascular, resistance, combination of both cardiovascular and resistance, or standing), cardiovascular exercise type (e.g., continuous, interval, concurrent, or combined), and timing of exercise prior to meal administration significantly affected the total TG response (p < .001). Additionally, exercise had a moderate effect on the incremental area under the curve TG response (Cohen's d = -0.40; p < .0001). The current analysis reveals a more homogeneous data set than previously reported. The attenuation of postprandial TG appears largely dependent on exercise energy expenditure (∼2 MJ) and the timing of exercise. The effect of prior exercise on the postprandial TG response appears to be transient; therefore, exercise should be frequent to elicit an adaptation.
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Petridou A, Mougios V. Exercise to lower postprandial lipemia: why, when, what and how. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1013-1022. [PMID: 35345016 DOI: 10.1055/a-1810-5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We review recent findings on the ability of exercise to lower postprandial lipemia (PPL). Specifically, we answer why exercise is important in lowering PPL, when it is most effective to exercise to achieve this, what the preferred exercise is and how exercise reduces PPL. Most findings confirm the power of exercise to lower PPL, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is most effective when performed on the day preceding a high- or moderate-fat meal. This effect lasts up to approximately two days; therefore, one should exercise frequently to maintain this benefit. However, the time of exercise relative to a meal is not that important in real-life conditions, since one consumes several meals during the day; thus, an exercise bout will inevitably exert its lowering effect on PPL in one or more of the subsequent meals. Although moderate-intensity continuous exercise, high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), resistance exercise and accumulation of short bouts of exercise throughout the day are all effective in lowering PPL, submaximal, high-volume interval exercise seems to be superior, provided it is tolerable. Finally, exercise reduces PPL by both lowering the rate of appearance and increasing the clearance of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Petridou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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7
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Liepinsh E, Makarova E, Plakane L, Konrade I, Liepins K, Videja M, Sevostjanovs E, Grinberga S, Makrecka-Kuka M, Dambrova M. Low-intensity exercise stimulates bioenergetics and increases fat oxidation in mitochondria of blood mononuclear cells from sedentary adults. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14489. [PMID: 32562386 PMCID: PMC7305243 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Exercise training induces adaptations in muscle and other tissue mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, and oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was shown to be pivotal for the anti-inflammatory status of immune cells. We hypothesize that exercise training can exert effects influence mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aim was to investigate the effect of exercise on the fatty acid oxidation-dependent respiration in PBMCs. DESIGN Twelve fasted or fed volunteers first performed incremental-load exercise tests to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer to determine the optimal workload ensuring maximal health benefits in volunteers with a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, the same volunteers performed 60 min of low-intensity constant-load exercise. RESULTS In the incremental-load exercise, the maximal whole-body fat oxidation rate measured by indirect calorimetry was reached at the fasted state already at a 50 W workload. At the 75-175 W workloads, the contribution of fat oxidation significantly decreased to only 11%, the heart rate increased to 185 BPM, and the study participants reached exhaustion. These results show that low-intensity exercise (50W) is optimal for maximal whole-body fat utilization. After low-intensity exercise, the ROUTINE mitochondrial respiration, as well as fatty acid oxidation-dependent respiration in PBMCs at LEAK and OXPHOS states, were significantly increased by 31%, 65%, and 76%, respectively. In addition, during 60 min of low-intensity (50W) exercise, a 2-fold higher lipolysis rate was observed and 13.5 ± 0.9 g of fat was metabolized, which was 57% more than the amount of fat that was metabolized during the incremental-load exercise. CONCLUSIONS In individuals with a sedentary lifestyle participating in a bicycle ergometry exercise program, maximal lipolysis and whole-body fat oxidation rate is reached in a fasted state during low-intensity exercise. For the first time, it was demonstrated that low-intensity exercise improves bioenergetics and increases fatty acid oxidation in PBMCs and may contribute to the anti-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Melita Videja
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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Dix GU, Jackson GS, Todd KR, van der Scheer JW, Walsh JJ, Martin Ginis KA, Little JP. The effects of a high-fat/high-carbohydrate meal on leukocyte populations in adults with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2021; 7:49. [PMID: 34103485 PMCID: PMC8187471 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-021-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis of aggregated case series data. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a high-fat/high-carbohydrate meal on leukocyte populations in adults with a chronic SCI. SETTING University-based laboratories in British Columbia, Canada. METHODS Ten individuals (M = 9) with a traumatic SCI (>1-year post-injury; M = 15.5 years; n = 2 sensory complete, n = 7 motor complete) participated in this study. Participants arrived fasted (≥12 h) prior to both the control (quiet sitting, no food/drink) and experimental meal conditions (high-fat/high-carb meal: 880 kcal, 52 g fat, 73 g carbohydrates, 29 g protein). Blood samples were taken in the fasted state and at 120-min post-meal/baseline in both conditions. Immune cell counts were assessed using multi-color flow cytometry. RESULTS A significant time × condition interaction effect was seen in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells as well as CD56+ and CD3+/CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells (p < 0.05). CD14+/CD16+ monocytes and CD19+ B cells approached a significant time × condition interaction (p < 0.07). A main effect of time was observed in CD19+ B cells (p < 0.05). Cell counts for T-lymphocytes and NK cells followed the general trend of an increase in the control condition from baseline to 120-min with no change observed following the experimental meal condition. CONCLUSIONS Following the HFHC meal, immune cells did not show the same general increase observed following the control condition. Future research is needed to determine if there are any potential consequences of these immune cell responses in immunosuppressed populations and if other factors (e.g., diurnal variation) might influence immune cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel U Dix
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (BSSC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Garett S Jackson
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Kendra R Todd
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (BSSC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jan W van der Scheer
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J Walsh
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- Kinesiology Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (BSSC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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Voluntary Wheel Running Improves Spatial Learning Memory by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis via Inactivation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B in Brain Inflammation Rats. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:96-103. [PMID: 33271006 PMCID: PMC7731883 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040432.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exercise has been shown to protect against diverse brain diseases. Voluntary exercise improves cognition and has a neuroprotective effect. The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of voluntary wheel running on brain inflammation in rats with regard to inflammation and apoptosis. Methods Brain inflammation was caused by intracranial injection of lipopolysaccharide using a stereotaxic instrument. Voluntary wheel running group were conducted during 21 consecutive days, staring 2 days after brain inflammation. Results Brain inflammation increased proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis cell death in the hippocampus. There changes in the hippocampus deteriorated spatial learning memory. However, voluntary wheel running suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic neuronal cell death via inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NF-κB inhibitor-α pathway. Voluntary wheel running also promoted the recovery of the spatial learning memory impairment. Conclusions Voluntary wheel running after brain inflammation enhanced spatial learning memory by suppressing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and apoptosis cell death. Voluntary wheel running is also expected to be effective in inflammatory diseases of the urogenital system.
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Resistance exercise attenuates postprandial metabolic responses to a high-fat meal similarly in younger and older men. Nutr Res 2020; 83:73-85. [PMID: 33032071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether an acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) attenuated postprandial responses to a high fat meal (HFM) similarly in younger versus older adult men, and probed relationships among skeletal muscle mass (SMM), age, the metabolic load index (MLI) response, and the improvement in the MLI elicited by RE versus CON. Eleven younger (24 ± 4y) and 9 older (61 ± 5y) men completed RE or control (CON) the night prior to a HFM. Before and 1, 3, and 5 hours after the HFM, blood triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), MLI, and cholesterol concentrations were quantified. Following a 7 ± 1-day washout period, participants returned and completed the opposite condition. Independent of age, TGs were 32.1 ± 27.1 mg/dL and 52.7 ± 26.8 mg/dL lower in RE than CON at 3 and 5 hours, respectively. MLI was also 24.3 to 56.9 mg/dL lower in RE than CON from 1 to 5 hours post-meal independent of age. The TG and MLI area under the curves (AUCs) were 15% to 31% lower in RE than CON. The GLU response was greater in the older than younger men at 1 to 5 hours post-meal. Moreover, the average GLU response was 5.6 ± 2.5 mg/dL lower in RE versus CON and was inversely related to SMM across the sample (r = -0.615). However, age, volume, or SMM were not related to the MLIAUC, nor to the improvement elicited by RE. Therefore, although the older men displayed a greater postprandial glucose response than the younger men, RE attenuated the postprandial metabolic response to a HFM similarly in younger and older men.
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11
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Brown M, McClean CM, Davison GW, Brown JCW, Murphy MH. Preceding exercise and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia: effects on lymphocyte cell DNA damage and vascular inflammation. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:125. [PMID: 31138221 PMCID: PMC6540450 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise has proved effective in attenuating the unfavourable response normally associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PHTG) and accompanying oxidative stress. Yet, the acute effects of prior exercise and PHTG on DNA damage remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine if walking alters PHTG-induced oxidative damage and the interrelated inflammatory mechanisms. Methods Twelve apparently healthy, recreationally active, male participants (22.4 ± 4.1 years; 179.2 ± 6 cm; 84.2 ± 14.7 kg; 51.3 ± 8.6 ml·kg− 1·min− 1) completed a randomised, crossover study consisting of two trials: (1) a high-fat meal alone (resting control) or (2) a high-fat meal immediately following 1 h of moderate exercise (65% maximal heart rate). Venous blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately post-exercise or rest, as well as at 2, 4 and 6 h post-meal. Biomarkers of oxidative damage (DNA single-strand breaks, lipid peroxidation and free radical metabolism) and inflammation were determined using conventional biochemistry techniques. Results DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, free radical metabolism and triglycerides increased postprandially (main effect for time, p < 0.05), regardless of completing 1 h of preceding moderate intensity exercise. Plasma antioxidants (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) also mobilised in response to the high-fat meal (main effect for time, p < 0.05), but no changes were detected for retinol-binding protein-4. Conclusion The ingestion of a high fat meal induces postprandial oxidative stress, inflammation and a rise in DNA damage that remains unaltered by one hour of preceding exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Brown
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB. .,School of Nursing & Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL.
| | - Conor M McClean
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB
| | - John C W Brown
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB
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12
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Martin BL, Thompson LC, Kim Y, Williams W, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Phillips P, King C, Richards J, Haykal-Coates N, Higuchi M, Ian Gilmour M, Kodavanti UP, Hazari MS, Farraj AK. Acute peat smoke inhalation sensitizes rats to the postprandial cardiometabolic effects of a high fat oral load. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:378-391. [PMID: 29940449 PMCID: PMC7003129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fire emissions cause adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes, yet controlled exposure studies to characterize health impacts of specific biomass sources have been complicated by the often latent effects of air pollution. The aim of this study was to determine if postprandial responses after a high fat challenge, long used clinically to predict cardiovascular risk, would unmask latent cardiometabolic responses in rats exposed to peat smoke, a key wildland fire air pollution source. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were exposed once (1 h) to filtered air (FA), or low (0.36 mg/m3 particulate matter) or high concentrations (3.30 mg/m3) of peat smoke, generated by burning peat from an Irish bog. Rats were then fasted overnight, and then administered an oral gavage of a HF suspension (60 kcal% from fat), mimicking a HF meal, 24 h post-exposure. In one cohort, cardiac and superior mesenteric artery function were assessed using high frequency ultrasound 2 h post gavage. In a second cohort, circulating lipids and hormones, pulmonary and systemic inflammatory markers, and circulating monocyte phenotype using flow cytometry were assessed before or 2 or 6 h after gavage. HF gavage alone elicited increases in circulating lipids characteristic of postprandial responses to a HF meal. Few effects were evident after peat exposure in un-gavaged rats. By contrast, exposure to low or high peat caused several changes relative to FA-exposed rats 2 and 6 h post HF gavage including increased heart isovolumic relaxation time, decreased serum glucose and insulin, increased CD11 b/c-expressing blood monocytes, increased serum total cholesterol, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and alpha-2 macroglobulin (p = 0.063), decreased serum corticosterone, and increased lung gamma-glutamyl transferase. In summary, these findings demonstrate that a HF challenge reveals effects of air pollution that may otherwise be imperceptible, particularly at low exposure levels, and suggest exposure may sensitize the body to mild inflammatory triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Martin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Yongho Kim
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Wanda Williams
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Pamela Phillips
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, RTP, NC, United States
| | - Charly King
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Judy Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Najwa Haykal-Coates
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mark Higuchi
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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13
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Fuller KN, Valentine RJ, Miranda ER, Kumar P, Prabhakar BS, Haus JM. A single high-fat meal alters human soluble RAGE profiles and PBMC RAGE expression with no effect of prior aerobic exercise. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13811. [PMID: 30047241 PMCID: PMC6060105 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet can induce inflammation and metabolic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) plays a critical role in metabolic disease pathophysiology and the soluble form of the receptor (sRAGE) can mitigate these effects. However, little is known about RAGE in the postprandial condition and the effect of exercise in this context. Thus, we aimed to determine the effects of a single high-fat meal (HFM) with and without prior exercise on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) RAGE biology. Healthy males (n = 12) consumed a HFM on two occasions, one without prior exercise and one 16-18 hours following acute aerobic exercise. Total soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) were determined via ELISA and cleaved RAGE (cRAGE) was calculated as the difference between the two. Isolated PBMCs were analyzed for RAGE, ADAM10, TLR4, and MyD88 protein expression and ADAM10 activity. The HFM significantly (P < 0.01) attenuated sRAGE, esRAGE, and cRAGE by 9.7%, 6.9%, and 10.5%, respectively. Whereas, the HFM increased PBMC RAGE protein expression by 10.3% (P < 0.01), there was no meal effect on PBMC TLR4, MYD88, or ADAM10 protein expression, nor ADAM10 activity. There was also no exercise effect on any experimental outcomes. These findings suggest that PBMC RAGE and soluble RAGE may be important in the postprandial response to a HFM, and that prior aerobic exercise does not alter these processes in young healthy adult males. The mechanisms by which a HFM induces RAGE expression and reduces circulating soluble RAGE isoforms requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N.Z. Fuller
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | | | - Edwin R. Miranda
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Bellur S. Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
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14
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Prescott SL, Logan AC. Each meal matters in the exposome: Biological and community considerations in fast-food-socioeconomic associations. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2017; 27:328-335. [PMID: 29107462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in omics and microbiome technology have transformed the ways in which the biological consequences of life in the 'ecological theatre' can be visualized. Exposome science examines the total accumulated environmental exposures (both detrimental and beneficial) as a means to understand the response of the 'total organism to the total environment' over time. The repetitive stimulation of compensatory physiological responses (immune, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine) in response to stress - including sources of stress highly relevant to socioeconomic disadvantage - may lead to metabolic dysregulation and cellular damage, ultimately influencing behavior and disease. The collective toll of physiological wear and tear, known as allostatic load, is not paid equally throughout developed societies. It is paid in excess by the disadvantaged. In the context of fast-food, human and experimental research demonstrates that the biological response to a single fast-food-style meal - especially as mediated by the microbiome- is a product of the person's total lived experience, including the ability to buffer the fast-food meal-induced promotion of inflammation and oxidative stress. Emerging research indicates that each meal and its nutritional context matters. As we discuss, equal weekly visits to major fast-food outlets by the affluent and deprived do not translate into biological equivalency. Hence, debate concerning reducing fast-food outlets through policy - especially in disadvantaged neighborhoods where they are prevalent - requires a biological context. The fast-food establishment and fast-food meal - as they represent matters of food justice and press upon non-communicable disease risk - are far more than physical structures and collections of carbohydrate, fat, sugar and sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Prescott
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, PO Box D184, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Research Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, Suite #4081, West New York, NJ, 07093, United States.
| | - Alan C Logan
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Research Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, Suite #4081, West New York, NJ, 07093, United States
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15
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Duval C, Rouillier MA, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Karelis AD. High Intensity Exercise: Can It Protect You from A Fast Food Diet? Nutrients 2017; 9:E943. [PMID: 28846611 PMCID: PMC5622703 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of high intensity exercise to counteract the deleterious effects of a fast food diet on the cardiometabolic profile of young healthy men. Fifteen men were subjected to an exclusive fast food diet from a popular fast food restaurant chain (three extra value meals/day + optional snack) for 14 consecutive days. Simultaneously, participants were asked to perform each day high intensity interval training (HIIT) (15 × 60 sec sprint intervals (~90% of maximal heart rate)) on a treadmill. Fast food diet and energy expenditure profiles of the participants during the intervention were assessed as well as body composition (DXA), cardiometabolic profile (lipid, hepatic enzymes, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, insulin, hsC-reactive protein (hsCRP) and blood pressure) and estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) pre- and post-experiment. We found significant improvements for fat mass, lean body mass, estimated VO₂ max, fasting glucose, serum lipoprotein(a) and hsCRP after the intervention (p < 0.05). HDL-cholesterol significantly decreased (p < 0.002), but the triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio did not change. All other cardiometabolic variables measured remained stable, which includes the primary outcome: the HOMA index (pre: 1.83 ± 1.2 vs. post: 1.54 ± 0.7 values; p = 0.35). In conclusion, in large part, insulin resistance and the cardiometabolic profile of young healthy individuals seems to be protected by HIIT from a fast food diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Duval
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada.
| | - Marc-Antoine Rouillier
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, University de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada.
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada.
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16
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Trotz aller Kontroversen ist die Empfehlung der Kontrolle der Zufuhr an gesättigten Fetten und Cholesterin bei gleichzeitiger Optimierung der Zufuhr an einfach- und mehrfach ungesättigten Fetten immer noch gültig, sollte aber nicht unabhängig von anderen beeinflussbaren Determinanten betrachtet werden. Diese Empfehlungen können am einfachsten durch Beachtung des gesamten Essmusters erreicht werden, das eigentlich einem semi-vegetarischen Essmuster mit geringer Energiedichte entspricht. Es gilt, regelmässig alle Komponenten des «Foodoms» mit der Ernährung aufzunehmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Suter
- 1 Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsspital Zürich
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