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Nikouee A, Yap JQ, Rademacher DJ, Kim M, Zang QS. An Optimized Langendorff-free Method for Isolation and Characterization of Primary Adult Cardiomyocytes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4131724. [PMID: 38585995 PMCID: PMC10996804 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4131724/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Isolation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes is an essential technique for advancing our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathology, and for developing therapeutic strategies to improve cardiac health. Traditionally, cardiomyocytes are isolated from adult mouse hearts using the Langendorff perfusion method in which the heart is excised, cannulated, and retrogradely perfused through the aorta. While this method is highly effective for isolating cardiomyocytes, it requires specialized equipment and technical expertise. To address the challenges of the Langendorff perfusion method, researchers have developed a Langendorff-free technique for isolating cardiomyocytes. This Langendorff-free technique involves anterograde perfusion through the coronary vasculature by clamping the aorta and intraventricular injection. This method simplifies the experimental setup by eliminating the need for specialized equipment and cannulation of the heart. Here, we introduce an updated Langendorff-free method for isolating adult mice cardiomyocytes that builds on the Langendorff-free protocols developed previously. In this method, the aorta is clamped in situ, and the heart is perfused using a peristaltic pump, water bath, and an injection needle. This simplicity makes cardiomyocyte isolation more accessible for researchers who are new to cardiomyocyte isolation or are working with limited resources. In this report, we provide a step-by-step description of our optimized protocol. In addition, we present example studies of analyzing mitochondrial structural and functional characteristics in isolated cardiomyocytes treated with and without the acute inflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
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Chen W, Li Z, Zhong R, Sun W, Chu M. Expression profiles of oviductal mRNAs and lncRNAs in the follicular phase and luteal phase of sheep (Ovis aries) with 2 fecundity gene (FecB) genotypes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 14:jkad270. [PMID: 38051961 PMCID: PMC10755197 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
FecB (also known as BMPR1B) is a crucial gene in sheep reproduction, which has a mutation (A746G) that was found to increase the ovulation rate and litter size. The FecB mutation is associated with reproductive endocrinology, such mutation can control external estrous characteristics and affect follicle-stimulating hormone during the estrous cycle. Previous researches showed that the FecB mutation can regulate the transcriptomic profiles in the reproductive-related tissues including hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary during the estrous cycle of small-tailed Han (STH) sheep. However, little research has been reported on the correlation between FecB mutation and the estrous cycle in STH sheep oviduct. To investigate the coding and noncoding transcriptomic profiles involved in the estrous cycle and FecB in the sheep oviduct, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the transcriptomic profiles of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the oviduct during the estrous cycle of STH sheep with mutant (FecBBB) and wild-type (FecB++) genotypes. In total, 21,863 lncRNAs and 43,674 mRNAs were screened, the results showed that mRNAs had significantly higher expression levels than the lncRNAs, and the expression levels of these screened transcripts were lower in the follicular phase than they were in the luteal phase. Among them, the oviductal glycoprotein gene (OVGP1) had the highest expression level. In the comparison between the follicular and luteal phases, 57 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 637 DE mRNAs were detected, including FSTL5 mRNA and LNC_016628 lncRNA. In the comparison between the FecBBB and FecB++ genotypes, 26 DE lncRNAs and 421 DE mRNAs were detected, including EEF1D mRNA and LNC_006270 lncRNA. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analysis indicated that the DE mRNAs were enriched mainly in terms related to reproduction such as the tight junction, SAGA complex, ATP-binding cassette, nestin, and Hippo signaling pathway. The interaction network between DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs indicated that LNC_018420 may be the key regulator in sheep oviduct. Together, our results can provide novel insights into the oviductal transcriptomic function against a FecB mutation background in sheep reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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do Carmo JM, Dai X, Aitken N, Larson KM, Omoto ACM, Gulke RR, Wang Z, Li X, Mouton AJ, Hall JE, da Silva AA. Sex differences in weight gain, blood pressure control, and responses to melanocortin-4 receptor antagonism in offspring from lean and obese parents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R401-R410. [PMID: 37519251 PMCID: PMC10639017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00106.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined potential sex differences in appetite and blood pressure (BP) responses to melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) blockade in offspring from lean and obese parents. Offspring from normal (N) diet-fed parents were fed N (NN) or high-fat (H) diets (NH) from weaning until adulthood. Offspring from obese H diet-fed parents were also fed N (HN) or H diets (HH). Adult male and female offspring were implanted with BP telemetry probes and intracerebroventricular cannulas to infuse MC4R antagonist or vehicle. Infusion of the MC4R antagonist SHU-9119 (1 nmol/h) for 7 days caused larger increases in calorie intake and body weight in obese compared with lean offspring. In male offspring, HH and HN groups exhibited higher baseline BP compared with NN and NH, and HH showed a greater reduction in BP during SHU-9119 infusion. In female offspring, HH also showed higher baseline BP and greater reduction in BP during MC4R blockade. SHU-9119 reduced heart rate in all groups, but reductions were more pronounced in offspring from lean parents. Combined α and β-adrenergic blockade reduced BP more in male HH offspring compared with NN controls. Losartan reduced BP more in male NH, HN, and HH offspring compared with NN controls. Losartan and α- and β-adrenergic blockade reduced BP similarly in all female groups. These results suggest that endogenous MC4R activity contributes to elevated BP in obese offspring from obese parents. Our findings also indicate important sex differences in the mechanisms of BP control in male and female offspring of obese parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Nikaela Aitken
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Kylie M Larson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Rodrigo R Gulke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
- Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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Choi JK, Naffouje SA, Goto M, Wang J, Christov K, Rademacher DJ, Green A, Stecenko AA, Chakrabarty AM, Das Gupta TK, Yamada T. Cross-talk between cancer and Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediates tumor suppression. Commun Biol 2023; 6:16. [PMID: 36609683 PMCID: PMC9823004 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms living at many sites in the human body compose a complex and dynamic community. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role for microorganisms in cancer, and therapies that incorporate bacteria have been tried in various types of cancer. We previously demonstrated that cupredoxin azurin secreted by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enters human cancer cells and induces apoptotic death1-4. However, the physiological interactions between P. aeruginosa and humans and their role in tumor homeostasis are largely unknown. Here, we show that P. aeruginosa upregulated azurin secretion in response to increasing numbers of and proximity to cancer cells. Conversely, cancer cells upregulated aldolase A secretion in response to increasing proximity to P. aeruginosa, which also correlated with enhanced P. aeruginosa adherence to cancer cells. Additionally, we show that cancer patients had detectable P. aeruginosa and azurin in their tumors and exhibited increased overall survival when they did, and that azurin administration reduced tumor growth in transgenic mice. Our results suggest host-bacterial symbiotic mutualism acting as a diverse adjunct to the host defense system via inter-kingdom communication mediated by the evolutionarily conserved proteins azurin and human aldolase A. This improved understanding of the symbiotic relationship of bacteria with humans indicates the potential contribution to tumor homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana K Choi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samer A Naffouje
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Masahide Goto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Konstantin Christov
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David J Rademacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Core Imaging Facility, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Albert Green
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arlene A Stecenko
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ananda M Chakrabarty
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tapas K Das Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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Wu MY, Forcina G, Low GW, Sadanandan KR, Gwee CY, van Grouw H, Wu S, Edwards SV, Baldwin MW, Rheindt FE. Historic samples reveal loss of wild genotype through domestic chicken introgression during the Anthropocene. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010551. [PMID: 36656838 PMCID: PMC9851510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities have precipitated a rise in the levels of introgressive gene flow among animals. The investigation of conspecific populations at different time points may shed light on the magnitude of human-mediated introgression. We used the red junglefowl Gallus gallus, the wild ancestral form of the chicken, as our study system. As wild junglefowl and domestic chickens readily admix, conservationists fear that domestic introgression into junglefowl may compromise their wild genotype. By contrasting the whole genomes of 51 chickens with 63 junglefowl from across their natural range, we found evidence of a loss of the wild genotype across the Anthropocene. When comparing against the genomes of junglefowl from approximately a century ago using rigorous ancient-DNA protocols, we discovered that levels of domestic introgression are not equal among and within modern wild populations, with the percentage of domestic ancestry around 20-50%. We identified a number of domestication markers in which chickens are deeply differentiated from historic junglefowl regardless of breed and/or geographic provenance, with eight genes under selection. The latter are involved in pathways dealing with development, reproduction and vision. The wild genotype is an allelic reservoir that holds most of the genetic diversity of G. gallus, a species which is immensely important to human society. Our study provides fundamental genomic infrastructure to assist in efforts to prevent a further loss of the wild genotype through introgression of domestic alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yue Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giovanni Forcina
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabriel Weijie Low
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keren R. Sadanandan
- Evolution of Sensory Systems Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Chyi Yin Gwee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hein van Grouw
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Tring, United Kingdom
| | - Shaoyuan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Chin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Scott V. Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maude W. Baldwin
- Evolution of Sensory Systems Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Frank E. Rheindt
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Polyzos SA, Hill MA, Fuleihan GEH, Gnudi L, Kim YB, Larsson SC, Masuzaki H, Matarese G, Sanoudou D, Tena-Sempere M, Mantzoros CS. Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental: seventy years young and growing. Metabolism 2022; 137:155333. [PMID: 36244415 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
- Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunogenetica dei Trapianti & Registro Regionale dei Trapianti di Midollo, AOU "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang X, Cui X, Li Y, Li F, Li Y, Dai J, Hu H, Wang X, Sun J, Yang Y, Zhang S. MC4R Deficiency Causes Dysregulation of Postsynaptic Excitatory Synaptic Transmission as a Crucial Culprit for Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:2331-2343. [PMID: 35926095 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) shows bidirectional characterization in modulating food intake and energy homeostasis. We demonstrate that MC4R knockdown (KD) in the PVH can attenuate AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated postsynaptic responses by altering the phosphorylation of AMPAR GluA1 subunit through the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent signaling cascade and simultaneously lead to rapid body weight gain. Furthermore, PKA KD in the PVH engendered similar electrophysiological and behavioral phenotypes as in MC4R KD mice. Importantly, we observed that the reduction of AMPAR GluA1 expression not only led to attenuated synaptic responses but also caused body weight gain, suggesting that the aberration of synaptic responses may be one of the crucial pathogeny of obesity. Our study provides the synaptic and molecular explanations of how body weight is regulated by MC4R in the PVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Guangwai Community Health Service Center of Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jinye Dai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Han Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bonomo R, Kramer S, Aubert VM. Obesity-Associated Neuropathy: Recent Preclinical Studies and Proposed Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:597-612. [PMID: 35152780 PMCID: PMC9527047 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated obesity has increased in recent years, affecting millions worldwide. One of the most common complications of obesity is damage to the peripheral nerve system, referred to as neuropathy. The lack of disease-modifying therapy for this complication is largely due to a poor understanding of the complex neurobiology underlying neuropathy. Recent preclinical studies suggest that in addition to glucotoxic events, other mechanisms, including lipid signaling, microbiome, or inflammation, may be viable targets to prevent nerve damage and neuropathic pain in obesity. Recent Advances: Clinical and preclinical studies using diet-induced obesity rodent models have identified novel interventions that improve neuropathy. Notably, mechanistic studies suggest that lipid, calcium signaling, and inflammation are converging pathways. Critical Issues: In this review, we focus on interventions and their mechanisms that are shown to ameliorate neuropathy in MetS obese models, including: (i) inhibition of a sensory neuron population, (ii), modification of dietary components, (iii) activation of nuclear and mitochondrial lipid pathways, (iv) exercise, and (v) modulation of gut microbiome composition and their metabolites. Future Directions: These past years, novel research increased our knowledge about neuropathy in obesity and discovered the involvement of nonglucose signaling. More studies are necessary to uncover the interplay between complex metabolic pathways in the peripheral nerve system of obese individuals. Further mechanistic studies in preclinical models and humans are crucial to create single- or multitarget interventions for this complex disease implying complex metabolic phenotyping. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 597-612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiza Bonomo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Kramer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Virginie M. Aubert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Feresten AH, Bhat JM, Yu AJ, Zapf R, Safi H, Au V, Flibotte S, Doell C, Moerman DG, Hawkins N, Rankin CH, Hutter H. ccd-5, a novel cdk-5 binding partner, regulates pioneer axon guidance in the ventral nerve cord of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2022; 220:iyac024. [PMID: 35143653 PMCID: PMC8982044 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During nervous system development, axons navigate complex environments to reach synaptic targets. Early extending axons must interact with guidance cues in the surrounding tissue, while later extending axons can interact directly with earlier "pioneering" axons, "following" their path. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the AVG neuron pioneers the right axon tract of the ventral nerve cord. We previously found that aex-3, a rab-3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is essential for AVG axon navigation in a nid-1 mutant background and that aex-3 might be involved in trafficking of UNC-5, a receptor for the guidance cue UNC-6/netrin. Here, we describe a new gene in this pathway: ccd-5, a putative cdk-5 binding partner. ccd-5 mutants exhibit increased navigation defects of AVG pioneer as well as interneuron and motor neuron follower axons in a nid-1 mutant background. We show that ccd-5 acts in a pathway with cdk-5, aex-3, and unc-5. Navigation defects of follower interneuron and motoneuron axons correlate with AVG pioneer axon defects. This suggests that ccd-5 mostly affects pioneer axon navigation and that follower axon defects are largely a secondary consequence of pioneer navigation defects. To determine the consequences for nervous system function, we assessed various behavioral and movement parameters. ccd-5 single mutants have no significant movement defects, and nid-1 ccd-5 double mutants are less responsive to mechanosensory stimuli compared with nid-1 single mutants. These surprisingly minor defects indicate either a high tolerance for axon guidance defects within the motor circuit and/or an ability to maintain synaptic connections among commonly misguided axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail H Feresten
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Jaffar M Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Alex J Yu
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T2B5, Canada
| | - Richard Zapf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Hamida Safi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Vinci Au
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- UBC/LSI Bioinformatics Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Claudia Doell
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Donald G Moerman
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Nancy Hawkins
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Catharine H Rankin
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T2B5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Harald Hutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
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10
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Goit RK, Taylor AW, Yin Lo AC. The central melanocortin system as a treatment target for obesity and diabetes: A brief overview. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Gavini CK, White CR, Mansuy-Aubert V, Aubert G. Loss of C2 Domain Protein (C2CD5) Alters Hypothalamic Mitochondrial Trafficking, Structure, and Function. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:324-337. [PMID: 34034255 DOI: 10.1159/000517273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria are essential organelles required for several cellular processes ranging from ATP production to cell maintenance. To provide energy, mitochondria are transported to specific cellular areas in need. Mitochondria also need to be recycled. These mechanisms rely heavily on trafficking events. While mechanisms are still unclear, hypothalamic mitochondria are linked to obesity. METHODS We used C2 domain protein 5 (C2CD5, also called C2 domain-containing phosphoprotein [CDP138]) whole-body KO mice primary neuronal cultures and cell lines to perform electron microscopy, live cellular imaging, and oxygen consumption assay to better characterize mitochondrial alteration linked to C2CD5. RESULTS This study identified that C2CD5 is necessary for proper mitochondrial trafficking, structure, and function in the hypothalamic neurons. We previously reported that mice lacking C2CD5 were obese and displayed reduced functional G-coupled receptor, melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) at the surface of hypothalamic neurons. Our data suggest that in neurons, normal MC4R endocytosis/trafficking necessities functional mitochondria. DISCUSSION Our data show that C2CD5 is a new protein necessary for normal mitochondrial function in the hypothalamus. Its loss alters mitochondrial ultrastructure, localization, and activity within the hypothalamic neurons. C2CD5 may represent a new protein linking hypothalamic dysfunction, mitochondria, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K Gavini
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Chelsea R White
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory Aubert
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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12
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Wu YF, Zhang YM, Ge HH, Ren CY, Zhang ZZ, Cao L, Wang F, Chen GH. Effects of Embryonic Inflammation and Adolescent Psychosocial Environment on Cognition and Hippocampal Staufen in Middle-Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:578719. [PMID: 33024434 PMCID: PMC7516039 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.578719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that embryonic inflammation could accelerate age-associated cognitive impairment, which can be attributed to dysregulation of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins, such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Staufen is a double-stranded RBP that plays a critical role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and memory. However, relatively few studies have investigated how embryonic inflammation affects cognition and neurobiology during aging, or how the adolescent psychosocial environment affects inflammation-induced remote cognitive impairment. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate whether these adverse factors can induce changes in Staufen expression, and whether these changes are correlated with cognitive impairment. In our study, CD-1 mice were administered lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 50 μg/kg) or an equal amount of saline (control) intraperitoneally during days 15–17 of gestation. At 2 months of age, male offspring were randomly exposed to stress (S), an enriched environment (E), or not treated (CON) and then assigned to five groups: LPS, LPS+S, LPS+E, CON, and CON+S. Mice were evaluated at 3-month-old (young) and 15-month-old (middle-aged). Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze test, while Staufen expression was examined at both the protein and mRNA level using immunohistochemistry/western blotting and RNAscope technology, respectively. The results showed that the middle-aged mice had worse cognitive performance and higher Staufen expression than young mice. Embryonic inflammation induced cognitive impairment and increased Staufen expression in the middle-aged mice, whereas adolescent stress/an enriched environment would accelerated/mitigated these effects. Meanwhile, Staufen expression was closely correlated with cognitive performance. Our findings suggested embryonic inflammation can accelerate age-associated learning and memory impairments, and these effects may be related to the Staufen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fang Wu
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - He-Hua Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chong-Yang Ren
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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