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Mellingen RM, Rasinger JD, Nøstbakken OJ, Myrmel LS, Bernhard A. Dietary protein affects tissue accumulation of mercury and induces hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzyme expression after co-exposure with methylmercury in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109712. [PMID: 39094928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, well known for its neurotoxic effects. MeHg can interact with several nutrients in the diet and affect nutrient metabolism, however the interaction between MeHg and dietary proteins has not been thoroughly investigated. Male BALB/c mice were fed diets based on either casein, cod or chicken as protein sources, which were or were not spiked with MeHg (3.5 mg Hg kg-1). Following 13 weeks of dietary exposure to MeHg, the animals accumulated mercury in a varying degree depending on the diet, where the levels of mercury were highest in the mice fed casein and MeHg, lower in mice fed cod and MeHg, and lowest in mice fed chicken and MeHg in all tissues assessed. Assessment of gut microbiota revealed differences in microbiota composition based on the different protein sources. However, the introduction of MeHg eliminated this difference. Proteomic profiling of liver tissue uncovered the influence of the dietary protein sources on a range of enzymes related to Phase I and Phase II detoxification mechanisms, suggesting an impact of the diet on MeHg metabolism and excretion. Also, enzymes linked to pathways including methionine and glycine betaine cycling, which in turn impact the production of glutathione, an important MeHg conjugation molecule, were up-regulated in mice fed chicken as dietary protein. Our findings indicate that dietary proteins can affect expression of hepatic enzymes that potentially influence MeHg metabolism and excretion, highlighting the relevance of considering the dietary composition in risk assessment of MeHg through dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Marie Mellingen
- Department of Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Josef Daniel Rasinger
- Department of Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Jakob Nøstbakken
- Department of Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Department of Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annette Bernhard
- Department of Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
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2
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Oveland E, Bøkevoll A, Araujo P, Hemre GI. Frozen storage procedures for salmon and plaice samples: Nutrient composition and implications for preservation. J Food Sci 2024; 89:4660-4670. [PMID: 39054701 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
We hypothesized that removing water from fish muscle homogenate by freeze-drying might be a cost-effective way to stabilize nutrients and allow higher temperatures for long-term frozen storage prior to analytical measurements. To test our hypothesis, fish muscle fillets from lipid-rich farmed Atlantic salmon (n = 5) and lean wild-caught European plaice (n = 5) were homogenized and fresh-frozen at -20 and -80°C. A subset of these samples was freeze-dried prior to further frozen storage at the respective temperatures. Using validated methods, vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids were measured after a short time of storage (starting point) and up to 1 year (endpoint), with intermediate analytical checkpoints of 1, 3, and 6 months. Trends in the degradation of certain nutrients during the different frozen storage conditions are discussed. In general, by freeze-drying fish homogenate samples prior to frozen storage at -20°C for up to 1 year, amino acids, vitamins, and fatty acids were stabilized in both salmon and plaice when compared to wet-frozen storage of the same samples, and storage at -80°C did not improve preservation of the freeze-dried samples. For wet-frozen samples, -80°C would be recommended for 1-year storage of fillet homogenate samples, even though several nutrients preserved well at -20°C. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: We present individual nutrient stability profiles in muscle homogenates from fatty fish (salmon) and lean fish (plaice) during different frozen storage conditions over time. Based on these data, freeze-drying followed by frozen storage at -20°C for at least 1 year could be applied prior to analyses of amino acids, fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, and fatty acids. Of note is that freeze-drying followed by frozen storage before analysis led to slightly increased measurements of several fatty acids in plaice samples, possibly attributable to an increase in dry weight or an enhancement in extraction efficiency through freeze-drying.
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Brod E, Henriksen TM, Ørnsrud R, Eggen T. Quality of fish sludge as fertiliser to spring cereals: Nitrogen effects and environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162541. [PMID: 36871723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to contribute to development of organic fertiliser products based on fish sludge (i.e. feed residues and faeces) from farmed smolt. Four dried fish sludge products, one liquid digestate after anaerobic digestion and one dried digestate were collected at Norwegian smolt hatcheries in 2019 and 2020. Their quality as fertilisers was studied by chemical analyses, two 2-year field experiments with spring cereals and soil incubation combined with a first-order kinetics N release model. Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were below European Union maximum limits for organic fertilisers in all products except one (liquid digestate). Relevant organic pollutants (PCB7, PBDE7, PCDD/F + DL-PCB) were analysed for the first time and detected in all fish sludge products. Nutrient composition was unbalanced, with low nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) ratio and low potassium (K) content relative to crop requirements. Nitrogen concentration in the dried fish sludge products varied (27-70 g N kg-1 dry matter), even when treated by the same technology but sampled at different locations and/or times. In the dried fish sludge products, N was mainly present as recalcitrant organic N, resulting in lower grain yield than with mineral N fertiliser. Digestate showed equally good N fertilisation effect as mineral N fertiliser, but drying reduced N quality. Soil incubation in combination with modelling is a relatively cheap tool that can give a good indication of N quality in fish sludge products with unknown fertilisation effects. Carbon/N ratio in dried fish sludge can also be used as an indicator of N quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brod
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | | | - Robin Ørnsrud
- Institute of Marine Research, Postbox 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Trine Eggen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
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4
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Nøstbakken OJ, Moxness Reksten A, Hannisdal R, Dahl L, Duinker A. Sampling of Atlantic salmon using the Norwegian Quality cut (NQC) vs. Whole fillet; differences in contaminant and nutrient contents. Food Chem 2023; 418:136056. [PMID: 37003200 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Risk- benefit assessments of seafood require high-quality food composition data. In accordance with EU regulations, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has conventionally been sampled using the Norwegian Quality Cut (NQC), a sub-cut of the middle section of the fish, in Norwegian surveillance programs. By comparing the contents of nutrients and contaminants in 34 samples of farmed Atlantic salmon, we aimed to evaluate the representativeness of the NQC compared with the whole fillet. Of the 129 analytes evaluated, eight single analytes, in addition to 25 different fatty acids, showed significant differences between the cuts. Significant differences were evident for total fat, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and sum PCB-6, but not for the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. We further suggest that the NQC may still be used in large-scale sampling of Atlantic salmon, and that the whole fillet would be preferable when analysing the content of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rita Hannisdal
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, Bergen 5817, Norway.
| | - Lisbeth Dahl
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, Bergen 5817, Norway.
| | - Arne Duinker
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, Bergen 5817, Norway.
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Langdal A, Eilertsen KE, Kjellevold M, Heimstad ES, Jensen IJ, Elvevoll EO. Climate Performance, Environmental Toxins and Nutrient Density of the Underutilized Norwegian Orange-Footed Sea Cucumber ( Cucumaria frondosa). Foods 2022; 12:114. [PMID: 36613330 PMCID: PMC9818526 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Low trophic species are often mentioned as additional food sources to achieve broader and more sustainable utilisation of the ocean. The aim of this study was to map the food potential of Norwegian orange-footed sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa). C. frondosa contained 7% protein, 1% lipids with a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a variety of micronutrients. The nutrient density scores (NDS) of C. frondosa were above average compared towards daily recommended intakes (DRI) for men and women (age 31-60) but below when capped at 100% of DRI. The concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and trace elements were in general low, except for inorganic arsenic (iAs) (0.73 mg per kg) which exceeded the limits deemed safe by food authorities. However, the small number of samples analysed for iAs lowers the ability to draw a firm conclusion. The carbon footprint from a value chain with a dredge fishery, processing in Norway and retail in Asia was assessed to 8 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq.) per kg C. frondosa, the fishery causing 90%. Although, C. frondosa has some nutritional benefits, the carbon footprint or possible content of iAs may restrict the consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Langdal
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Eldbjørg S. Heimstad
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, The Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ida-Johanne Jensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Edel O. Elvevoll
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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6
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Pounds A, Kaminski AM, Budhathoki M, Gudbrandsen O, Kok B, Horn S, Malcorps W, Mamun AA, McGoohan A, Newton R, Ozretich R, Little DC. More Than Fish-Framing Aquatic Animals within Sustainable Food Systems. Foods 2022; 11:1413. [PMID: 35626983 PMCID: PMC9141230 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic animals are diverse in terms of species, but also in terms of production systems, the people involved, and the benefits achieved. In this concept piece, we draw on literature to outline how the diversity of aquatic animals, their production, and their consumption all influence their impact within the food system. Built on evidence from an array of reductionist and non-reductionist literature, we suggest that food systems researchers and policymakers adapt current methods and theoretical frameworks to appropriately contextualise aquatic animals in broader food systems. We do this through combining current understandings of food systems theory, value chain, livelihoods, nutritional outcomes, and planetary boundaries thinking. We make several claims around understanding the role of aquatic animals in terms of nutritional output and environmental impacts. We suggest a need to consider: (1) the diversity of species and production methods; (2) variable definitions of an "edible yield"; (3) circular economy principles and the impacts of co-products, and effects beyond nutrient provision; (4) role of aquatic animals in the overall diet; (5) contextual effects of preservation, preparation, cooking, and consumer choices; (6) globalised nature of aquatic animal trade across the value chain; and (7) that aquatic animals are produced from a continuum, rather than a dichotomy, of aquaculture or fisheries. We conclude by proposing a new framework that involves cohesive interdisciplinary discussions around aquatic animal foods and their role in the broader food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pounds
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Alexander M. Kaminski
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Mausam Budhathoki
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Oddrun Gudbrandsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Björn Kok
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Stephanie Horn
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Wesley Malcorps
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Abdullah-Al Mamun
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh;
| | - Amy McGoohan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Richard Newton
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Reed Ozretich
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
| | - David C. Little
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (A.M.K.); (M.B.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (W.M.); (A.M.); (R.N.); (R.O.); (D.C.L.)
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7
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Farmery AK, Alexander K, Anderson K, Blanchard JL, Carter CG, Evans K, Fischer M, Fleming A, Frusher S, Fulton EA, Haas B, MacLeod CK, Murray L, Nash KL, Pecl GT, Rousseau Y, Trebilco R, van Putten IE, Mauli S, Dutra L, Greeno D, Kaltavara J, Watson R, Nowak B. Food for all: designing sustainable and secure future seafood systems. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022; 32:101-121. [PMID: 34092936 DOI: 10.22541/au.160322471.16891119/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Food from the sea can make a larger contribution to healthy and sustainable diets, and to addressing hunger and malnutrition, through improvements in production, distribution and equitable access to wild harvest and mariculture resources and products. The supply and consumption of seafood is influenced by a range of 'drivers' including ecosystem change and ocean regulation, the influence of corporations and evolving consumer demand, as well as the growing focus on the importance of seafood for meeting nutritional needs. These drivers need to be examined in a holistic way to develop an informed understanding of the needs, potential impacts and solutions that align seafood production and consumption with relevant 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper uses an evidence-based narrative approach to examine how the anticipated global trends for seafood might be experienced by people in different social, geographical and economic situations over the next ten years. Key drivers influencing seafood within the global food system are identified and used to construct a future scenario based on our current trajectory (Business-as-usual 2030). Descriptive pathways and actions are then presented for a more sustainable future scenario that strives towards achieving the SDGs as far as technically possible (More sustainable 2030). Prioritising actions that not only sustainably produce more seafood, but consider aspects of access and utilisation, particularly for people affected by food insecurity and malnutrition, is an essential part of designing sustainable and secure future seafood systems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09663-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Farmery
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K Anderson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
| | - J L Blanchard
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - C G Carter
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K Evans
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - M Fischer
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - A Fleming
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - S Frusher
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - E A Fulton
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - B Haas
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - C K MacLeod
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - L Murray
- College of Health, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - K L Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - G T Pecl
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Y Rousseau
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - R Trebilco
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - I E van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - S Mauli
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - L Dutra
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - D Greeno
- College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - J Kaltavara
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - R Watson
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - B Nowak
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
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8
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Moxness Reksten A, Ho QT, Nøstbakken OJ, Wik Markhus M, Kjellevold M, Bøkevoll A, Hannisdal R, Frøyland L, Madsen L, Dahl L. Temporal variations in the nutrient content of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), 2005-2020. Food Chem 2021; 373:131445. [PMID: 34731805 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The changes in the feed of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) towards a more plant-based diet affect the nutritional value of the fillets. By compiling the contents of a range of nutrients in 1108 samples of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon collected between 2005 and 2020, we found that the median contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have decreased by > 60%. However, farmed Atlantic salmon remains a considerable source of EPA and DHA, with one and two portions being sufficient to meet the weekly adequate intake of EPA and DHA for adults (175 g) and two-year-olds (80 g), respectively. Farmed Atlantic salmon also remains a considerable source of protein, selenium, vitamin B12, and vitamin D3. Together, we demonstrate that farmed Atlantic salmon can contribute substantially to the nutrient intake of the consumers. These data are important for the Norwegian food composition table and future risk-benefit assessments on fatty fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Moxness Reksten
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Quang Tri Ho
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Maria Wik Markhus
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Annbjørg Bøkevoll
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rita Hannisdal
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Livar Frøyland
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Lisbeth Dahl
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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9
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Farmery AK, Alexander K, Anderson K, Blanchard JL, Carter CG, Evans K, Fischer M, Fleming A, Frusher S, Fulton EA, Haas B, MacLeod CK, Murray L, Nash KL, Pecl GT, Rousseau Y, Trebilco R, van Putten IE, Mauli S, Dutra L, Greeno D, Kaltavara J, Watson R, Nowak B. Food for all: designing sustainable and secure future seafood systems. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2021; 32:101-121. [PMID: 34092936 PMCID: PMC8164055 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-021-09663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Food from the sea can make a larger contribution to healthy and sustainable diets, and to addressing hunger and malnutrition, through improvements in production, distribution and equitable access to wild harvest and mariculture resources and products. The supply and consumption of seafood is influenced by a range of 'drivers' including ecosystem change and ocean regulation, the influence of corporations and evolving consumer demand, as well as the growing focus on the importance of seafood for meeting nutritional needs. These drivers need to be examined in a holistic way to develop an informed understanding of the needs, potential impacts and solutions that align seafood production and consumption with relevant 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper uses an evidence-based narrative approach to examine how the anticipated global trends for seafood might be experienced by people in different social, geographical and economic situations over the next ten years. Key drivers influencing seafood within the global food system are identified and used to construct a future scenario based on our current trajectory (Business-as-usual 2030). Descriptive pathways and actions are then presented for a more sustainable future scenario that strives towards achieving the SDGs as far as technically possible (More sustainable 2030). Prioritising actions that not only sustainably produce more seafood, but consider aspects of access and utilisation, particularly for people affected by food insecurity and malnutrition, is an essential part of designing sustainable and secure future seafood systems. Graphic abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09663-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Farmery
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K. Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K. Anderson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
| | - J. L. Blanchard
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - C. G. Carter
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K. Evans
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - M. Fischer
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - A. Fleming
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - S. Frusher
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - E. A. Fulton
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - B. Haas
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - C. K. MacLeod
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - L. Murray
- College of Health, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - K. L. Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - G. T. Pecl
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Y. Rousseau
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - R. Trebilco
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - I. E. van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - S. Mauli
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - L. Dutra
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - D. Greeno
- College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - J. Kaltavara
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - R. Watson
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - B. Nowak
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
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10
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Moxness Reksten A, Rahman Z, Kjellevold M, Garrido Gamarro E, Thilsted SH, Pincus LM, Aakre I, Ryder J, Ariyawansa S, Nordhagen A, Lundebye AK. Metal Contents in Fish from the Bay of Bengal and Potential Consumer Exposure-The EAF-Nansen Programme. Foods 2021; 10:1147. [PMID: 34065408 PMCID: PMC8160839 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish represent an important part of the Sri Lankan and Bangladeshi diet. However, fish is also a source of contaminants that may constitute a health risk to consumers. The aim of this study was to analyse the contents of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in 24 commonly consumed marine fish species from the Bay of Bengal and to assess the potential health risk associated with their consumption. Mercury and lead contents did not exceed the maximum limits for any of the sampled species, and consumer exposure from estimated daily consumption was assessed to be minimal for adults and children. Numerous samples exceeded the maximum limit for cadmium (58%), particularly those of small size (≤25 cm). However, consumer exposure was insignificant, and health assessment showed no risk connected to consumption. These data represent an important contribution to future risk/benefit assessments related to the consumption of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Moxness Reksten
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (M.K.); (I.A.); (A.N.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - Zillur Rahman
- Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock, Khulna 9000, Bangladesh;
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (M.K.); (I.A.); (A.N.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - Esther Garrido Gamarro
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy; (E.G.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Shakuntala H. Thilsted
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas 11960, Penang, Malaysia; (S.H.T.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Lauren M. Pincus
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas 11960, Penang, Malaysia; (S.H.T.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Inger Aakre
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (M.K.); (I.A.); (A.N.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - John Ryder
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy; (E.G.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Sujeewa Ariyawansa
- National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency, Crow Island, Colombo 01500, Sri Lanka;
| | - Anna Nordhagen
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (M.K.); (I.A.); (A.N.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - Anne-Katrine Lundebye
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (M.K.); (I.A.); (A.N.); (A.-K.L.)
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11
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Farmery AK, Scott JM, Brewer TD, Eriksson H, Steenbergen DJ, Albert J, Raubani J, Tutuo J, Sharp MK, Andrew NL. Aquatic Foods and Nutrition in the Pacific. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3705. [PMID: 33266125 PMCID: PMC7761396 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
National rates of aquatic food consumption in Pacific Island Countries and Territories are among the highest in the world, yet the region is suffering from extensive levels of diet-related ill health. The aim of this paper is to examine the variation in consumption patterns and in nutrient composition of aquatic foods in the Pacific, to help improve understanding of their contribution to food and nutrition security. For this examination we analysed nutrient composition data and trade data from two novel region-specific databases, as well as consumption data from national and village level surveys for two Melanesian case studies, Vanuatu and Solomon Islands. Results demonstrated that consumption depends on availability and the amount and type of aquatic food consumed, and its contribution to nutrition security varies within different geographic and socio-demographic contexts. More data is needed on locally relevant species and consumption patterns, to better inform dietary guidelines and improve public health both now and into the future. Advice on aquatic food consumption must consider the nutrient composition and quantity of products consumed, as well as accessibility through local food systems, to ensure they contribute to diverse and healthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Farmery
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
| | - Jessica M. Scott
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
| | - Tom D. Brewer
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
| | - Hampus Eriksson
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
- WorldFish, Honiara, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, C/O Solomon Islands National University, Ranadi, Solomon Islands;
| | - Dirk J. Steenbergen
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
| | | | - Jacob Raubani
- Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems Division, The Pacific Community, Noumea Cedex 98849, New Caledonia;
| | - Jillian Tutuo
- WorldFish, Honiara, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, C/O Solomon Islands National University, Ranadi, Solomon Islands;
| | - Michael K. Sharp
- Statistics for Development Division, The Pacific Community, Noumea Cedex 98849, New Caledonia;
| | - Neil L. Andrew
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia; (J.M.S.); (T.D.B.); (H.E.); (D.J.S.); (N.L.A.)
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12
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Hasselberg AE, Wessels L, Aakre I, Reich F, Atter A, Steiner-Asiedu M, Amponsah S, Pucher J, Kjellevold M. Composition of nutrients, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiological quality in processed small indigenous fish species from Ghana: Implications for food security. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242086. [PMID: 33180860 PMCID: PMC7660496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The triple burden of malnutrition is an incessant issue in low- and middle-income countries, and fish has the potential to mitigate this burden. In Ghana fish is a central part of the diet, but data on nutrients and contaminants in processed indigenous fish species, that are often eaten whole, are missing. Samples of smoked, dried or salted Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy), Brachydeuterus auritus (bigeye grunt), Sardinella aurita (round sardinella), Selene dorsalis (African moonfish), Sierrathrissa leonensis (West African (WA) pygmy herring) and Tilapia spp. (tilapia) were collected from five different regions in Ghana. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (crude protein, fat, fatty acids, several vitamins, minerals, and trace elements), microbiological quality (microbial loads of total colony counts, E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella), and contaminants (PAH4 and heavy metals). Except for tilapia, the processed small fish species had the potential to significantly contribute to the nutrient intakes of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. High levels of iron, mercury and lead were detected in certain fish samples, which calls for further research and identification of anthropogenic sources along the value chains. The total cell counts in all samples were acceptable; Salmonella was not detected in any sample and E. coli only in one sample. However, high numbers of coliform bacteria were found. PAH4 in smoked samples reached high concentrations up to 1,300 μg/kg, but in contrast salted tilapia samples had a range of PAH4 concentration of 1 μg/kg to 24 μg/kg. This endpoint oriented study provides data for the nutritional value of small processed fish as food in Ghana and also provides information about potential food safety hazards. Future research is needed to determine potential sources of contamination along the value chains in different regions, identify critical points, and develop applicable mitigation strategies to improve the quality and safety of processed small fish in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Wessels
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inger Aakre
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Felix Reich
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amy Atter
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Matilda Steiner-Asiedu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Amponsah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Fisheries and Water Resources, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Johannes Pucher
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Aakre I, Bøkevoll A, Chaira J, Bouthir FZ, Frantzen S, Kausland A, Kjellevold M. Variation in Nutrient Composition of Seafood from North West Africa: Implications for Food and Nutrition Security. Foods 2020; 9:E1516. [PMID: 33096911 PMCID: PMC7590009 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish and seafood may play an important role for nutrition and food security as they contain essential vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. The aim of this study was to describe the nutrient composition, including fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, in commonly consumed fish species (fillet- and whole fish samples) sampled off the Northwest African coast. Furthermore, we assessed the species' contributions to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) values from the World Health Organization (WHO). Samples of commercially important fish species (Sardina pilchardus, Engraulis encrasicolus, Trachurus trachurus, Pagellus acarne) were collected using trawling on the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen in May 2017 and analyzed for nutrients at the Institute of Marine Research as individual and composite samples. All the analyzed fish species were good dietary sources of several vitamins and minerals and whole fish were substantially more nutrient dense than fillet samples, especially with regard to vitamin A, iodine, zinc, calcium, and iron. Including 100 g of sardine or anchovy (whole fish) in the diet, would contribute substantially to the RNI for vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin A, EPA and DHA as well as the minerals iodine, zinc, and calcium. This study shows that fish consumed with skin, bone, and viscera may be very nutrient dense and important for local food and nutrition security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Aakre
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (A.B.); (S.F.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Annbjørg Bøkevoll
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (A.B.); (S.F.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Jamal Chaira
- National Institute for Fisheries Research (INRH), Casablanca 20030, Morocco; (J.C.); (F.Z.B.)
| | - Fatima Zohra Bouthir
- National Institute for Fisheries Research (INRH), Casablanca 20030, Morocco; (J.C.); (F.Z.B.)
| | - Sylvia Frantzen
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (A.B.); (S.F.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Anette Kausland
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (A.B.); (S.F.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (A.B.); (S.F.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
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