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Moradabadi A, Farahani A, Chegini Z, Hajian M, Hajihossein R, Rajaei E, Didehdar M, Shariati A. Platelet-derived biomaterial controls aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by decreasing fungal burden: an in vivo study. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:358. [PMID: 39033220 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a severe corneal infection characterized by suppurative and ulcerative lesions. Aspergillus fumigatus is a common cause of fungal keratitis. Antifungal drugs, such as natamycin, are currently the first-line treatment for fungal keratitis, but their ineffectiveness leads to blindness and perforation. Additionally, the development of fungal resistance makes treating fungal keratitis significantly more challenging. The present study used platelet-derived biomaterial (PDB) to manage A. fumigatus keratitis in the animal model. Freezing and thawing processes were used to prepare PDB, and then A. fumigatus keratitis was induced in the mice. Topical administration of PDB, natamycin, and plasma was performed; quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and histopathologic examination (HE) were used to assess the inhibitory effect of the mentioned compounds against fungal keratitis. The qPCR results showed that PDB significantly decreased the count of A. fumigatus compared to the control group (P-value ≤ 5). Natamycin also remarkably reduced the count of fungi in comparison to the untreated animal, but its inhibitory effect was not better than PDB (P-value > 5). The findings of HE also demonstrated that treatment with PDB and natamycin decreased the fungal loads in the corneal tissue. However, plasma did not show a significant inhibitory effect against A. fumigatus. PDB is intrinsically safe and free of any infections or allergic responses; additionally, this compound has a potential role in decreasing the burden of A. fumigatus and treating fungal keratitis. Therefore, scientists should consider PDB an applicable approach to managing fungal keratitis and an alternative to conventional antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Moradabadi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Abbas Farahani
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hajian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Reza Hajihossein
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Elham Rajaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Aref Shariati
- Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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Mpakosi A, Kaliouli-Antonopoulou C. Immune Mechanisms of Filamentous Fungal Keratitis. Cureus 2024; 16:e61954. [PMID: 38855487 PMCID: PMC11162199 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungal keratitis is a particularly serious eye infection that often results in ulceration, corneal perforation, and blindness. The cornea acts as a natural barrier against harmful agents due to the close connection of its epithelial cells. In addition, on its surface, there is a large number of substances with anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties, such as secretory IgA and mucin glycoproteins, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and LL-37, which are especially increased in filamentous fungal keratitis. The interaction between pathogenic fungi and the host's immune mechanisms is a complex process: pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules (chitin, β-glucan, and mannan) found in the fungal cell wall are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (toll-like receptors {TLRs}, C-type lectin receptors {CLRs}, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors {NLRs}, and scavenger receptors {SR}) found in host defense cells, triggering the secretion of various types of cytokines, such as interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), and chemokines, which recruit macrophages and neutrophils to migrate to the site of infection and activate inflammatory responses. In addition, the interaction of hyphae and corneal epithelial cells can activate cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells and induce secretion of T-helper (Th)-type cytokines 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) and IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mpakosi
- Department of Microbiology, General Hospital of Nikaia "Agios Panteleimon", Piraeus, GRC
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Cong F, Gu L, Lin J, Liu G, Wang Q, Zhang L, Chi M, Xu Q, Zhao G, Li C. Plumbagin inhibits fungal growth, HMGB1/LOX-1 pathway and inflammatory factors in A. fumigatus keratitis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383509. [PMID: 38655086 PMCID: PMC11035880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antifungal effects of plumbagin (PL) in Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), time-killing curve, spore adhesion, crystal violet staining, calcium fluoride white staining, and Propidium Iodide (PI) staining were employed to assess the antifungal activity of PL in vitro against A. fumigatus. The cytotoxicity of PL was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). The impact of PL on the expression of HMGB1, LOX-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and ROS in A. fumigatus keratitis was investigated using RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot, and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. The therapeutic efficacy of PL against A. fumigatus keratitis was assessed through clinical scoring, plate counting, Immunofluorescence and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Finally, we found that PL inhibited the growth, spore adhesion, and biofilm formation of A. fumigatus and disrupted the integrity of its cell membrane and cell wall. PL decreased IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels while increasing IL-10 expression in fungi-infected mice corneas and peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, PL significantly attenuated the HMGB1/LOX-1 pathway while reversing the promoting effect of Boxb (an HMGB1 agonist) on HMGB1/LOX-1. Moreover, PL decreased the level of ROS. In vivo, clinical scores, neutrophil recruitment, and fungal burden were all significantly reduced in infected corneas treated with PL. In summary, the inflammatory process can be inhibited by PL through the regulation of the HMGB-1/LOX-1 pathway. Simultaneously, PL can exert antifungal effects by limiting fungal spore adhesion and biofilm formation, as well as causing destruction of cell membranes and walls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Hou X, Li C, Liu J, Yang S, Peng X, Wang Q, Liu C, Liu X, Luan J, Zhao G, Lin J. Cathelicidin boosts the antifungal activity of neutrophils and improves prognosis during Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0048323. [PMID: 38501672 PMCID: PMC11003229 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00483-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is one of the common pathogens of fungal keratitis. Fungal growth and invasion cause excessive inflammation and corneal damage, leading to severe vision loss. Neutrophils are the primary infiltrating cells critical for fungal clearance. Cathelicidin [LL-37 in humans and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) in mice], a natural antimicrobial peptide, can directly inhibit the growth of many pathogens and regulate immune responses. However, the role of cathelicidin and its effect on neutrophils in A. fumigatus keratitis remain unclear. By establishing A. fumigatus keratitis mouse models, we found that cathelicidin was increased in A. fumigatus keratitis. It could reduce fungal loads, lower clinical scores, and improve corneal transparency. Restriction of CRAMP on fungal proliferation was largely counteracted in CD18-/- mice, in which neutrophils cannot migrate into infected sites. When WT neutrophils were transferred into CD18-/- mice, corneal fungal loads were distinctly reduced, indicating that neutrophils are vital for CRAMP-mediated resistance. Furthermore, cathelicidin promoted neutrophils to phagocytose and degrade conidia both in vitro and in vivo. CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) was reported to be a functional receptor of LL-37 on neutrophils. CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 or phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 weakened LL-37-induced phagocytosis. Meanwhile, LL-37 induced PLC γ phosphorylation, which was attenuated by SB225002. SB225002 or the autophagy inhibitors Bafilomycin-A1 and 3-Methyladenine weakened LL-37-induced degradation of conidia. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed that LL-37 increased autophagosomes in Aspergillus-infected neutrophils. Consistently, LL-37 elevated autophagy-associated protein expressions (Beclin-1 and LC3-II), but this effect was weakened by SB225002. Collectively, cathelicidin reduces fungal loads and improves the prognosis of A. fumigatus keratitis. Both in vitro and in vivo, cathelicidin promotes neutrophils to phagocytose and degrade conidia. LL-37/CXCR2 activates PLC γ to amplify neutrophils' phagocytosis and induces autophagy to eliminate intracellular conidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chengxiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Junjie Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Lightfoot JD, Adams EM, Kamath MM, Wells BL, Fuller KK. Aspergillus fumigatus Hypoxia Adaptation Is Critical for the Establishment of Fungal Keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:31. [PMID: 38635243 PMCID: PMC11044834 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The poor visual outcomes associated with fungal keratitis (FK) underscore a need to identify fungal pathways that can serve as novel antifungal targets. In this report, we investigated whether hypoxia develops in the FK cornea and, by extension, if fungal hypoxia adaptation is essential for virulence in this setting. Methods C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani var. petroliphilum via topical overlay or intrastromal injection. At various time points post-inoculation (p.i.), animals were injected with pimonidazole for the detection of tissue hypoxia through immunofluorescence imaging. The A. fumigatus srbA gene was deleted through Cas9-mediated homologous recombination and its virulence was assessed in the topical infection model using slit-lamp microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results Topical inoculation with A. fumigatus resulted in diffuse pimonidazole staining across the epithelial and endothelial layers within 6 hours. Stromal hypoxia was evident by 48 hours p.i., which corresponded to leukocytic infiltration. Intrastromal inoculation with either A. fumigatus or F. solani similarly led to diffuse staining patterns across all corneal cell layers. The A. fumigatus srbA deletion mutant was unable to grow at oxygen levels below 3% in vitro, and corneas inoculated with the mutant failed to develop signs of corneal opacification, inflammation, or fungal burden. Conclusions These results suggest that fungal antigen rapidly drives the development of corneal hypoxia, thus rendering fungal SrbA or related pathways essential for the establishment of infection. Such pathways may therefore serve as targets for novel antifungal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D. Lightfoot
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Emily M. Adams
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Manali M. Kamath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Becca L. Wells
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kevin K. Fuller
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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Gu L, Lin J, Wang Q, Meng F, Niu G, Lin H, Chi M, Feng Z, Zheng H, Li D, Zhao G, Li C. Mesoporous zinc oxide-based drug delivery system offers an antifungal and immunoregulatory strategy for treating keratitis. J Control Release 2024; 368:483-497. [PMID: 38458571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a refractory eye disease that is prone to causing blindness. Fungal virulence and inflammatory responses are two major factors that accelerate the course of fungal keratitis. However, the current antifungal drugs used for treatment usually possess transient residence time on the ocular surface and low bioavailability deficiencies, which limit their therapeutic efficacy. In this work, natamycin (NATA)-loaded mesoporous zinc oxide (Meso-ZnO) was synthesized for treating Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis with excellent drug-loading and sustained drug release capacities. In addition to being a carrier for drug delivery, Meso-ZnO could restrict fungal growth in a concentration-dependent manner, and the transcriptome analysis of fungal hyphae indicated that it inhibited the mycotoxin biosynthesis, oxidoreductase activity and fungal cell wall formation. Meso-ZnO also promoted cell migration and exhibited anti-inflammatory role during fungal infection by promoting the activation of autophagy. In mouse models of fungal keratitis, Meso-ZnO/NATA greatly reduced corneal fungal survival, alleviated tissue inflammatory damage, and reduced neutrophils accumulation and cytokines expression. This study suggests that Meso-ZnO/NATA can be a novel and effective treatment strategy for fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Fanyue Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Geng Niu
- School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, PR China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Menghui Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhuhui Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Hengrui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Daohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Li X, Hu L, Naeem A, Xiao S, Yang M, Shang H, Zhang J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Tumors and Potential Use of Traditional Herbal Medicine Formulations for Its Regulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2851-2877. [PMID: 38529365 PMCID: PMC10961241 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular fibers composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and decorated proteins produced by neutrophils. Recently, NETs have been associated with the development of many diseases, including tumors. Herein, we reviewed the correlation between NETs and tumors. In addition, we detailed active compounds from traditional herbal medicine formulations that inhibit NETs, related nanodrug delivery systems, and antibodies that serve as "guiding moieties" to ensure targeted delivery to NETs. Furthermore, we discussed the strategies used by pathogenic microorganisms to evade NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanghua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongming Shang
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
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Lu D, Liu W, Yang H, Zong Y, Sun J, Sun X, Song S, Liu M, Kan J, Che C. Schaftoside reduces inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis through the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Cytokine 2024; 175:156483. [PMID: 38159472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research study was to investigate the impact of schaftoside on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. METHODS In order to establish safe experimental concentrations of schaftoside in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), RAW264.7 cells, and mouse models, various techniques were employed including cytotoxicity assay (CCK-8) assay, cell scratch assay, and Draize test. The therapeutic effect of schaftoside was assessed using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, clinical scores, as well as determination of neutrophil infiltration through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. The levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and IF techniques. RESULTS Schaftoside at a concentration of 160 μM displayed no harmful side effects on HCECs, RAW cells, and mouse corneas, rendering it suitable for further experiments. In a murine fungal keratitis model, schaftoside mitigated the severity of fungal keratitis by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and reducing MPO activity. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that schaftoside treatment suppressed the upregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, while also downregulating the expressions of TLR4 as well as MyD88 at both mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Schaftoside demonstrated a protective effect against A. fumigatus keratitis by reducing corneal damage through inhibition of neutrophil recruitment and downstream inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory properties of schaftoside in A. fumigatus keratitis may involve modulation of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jintao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiqi Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengzhu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingze Kan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Abbondante S, Leal SM, Clark HL, Ratitong B, Sun Y, Ma LJ, Pearlman E. Immunity to pathogenic fungi in the eye. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101753. [PMID: 37060806 PMCID: PMC10508057 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium, Aspergillus and Candida are important fungal pathogens that cause visual impairment and blindness in the USA and worldwide. This review will summarize the epidemiology and clinical features of corneal infections and discuss the immune and inflammatory responses that play an important role in clinical disease. In addition, we describe fungal virulence factors that are required for survival in infected corneas, and the activities of neutrophils in fungal killing, tissue damage and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Abbondante
- Department of Ophthalmology, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sixto M Leal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Bridget Ratitong
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Department of Ophthalmology, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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10
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Zhan L, Tian X, Lin J, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Peng X, Zhao G. Honokiol reduces fungal burden and ameliorate inflammation lesions of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis via Dectin-2 down-regulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:109849. [PMID: 36933490 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To screen and identify the mechanism of honokiol on anti-fungi and anti-inflammation in fungal keratitis (FK) through bioinformatic analysis and biological experiments. METHODS Transcriptome profile demonstrated differential expression genes (DEGs) of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis between PBS-treated and honokiol-treated groups via bioinformatics analyses. Inflammatory substances were quantified by qRT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA, and macrophage polarization was examined by flow cytometry. Periodic acid Schiff staining and morphological interference assay were used to detect hyphal distribution in vivo and fungal germination in vitro, respectively. Electron microscopy was to illustrate hyphal microstructure. RESULTS Illumina sequencing demonstrated that compared with the honokiol group, 1175 up-regulated and 383 down-regulated genes were induced in C57BL/6 mice Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis with PBS treatment. Through GO analysis, some differential expression proteins (DEPs) played major roles in biological processes, especially fungal defense and immune activation. KEGG analysis provided fungus-related signaling pathways. PPI analysis demonstrated that DEPs from multiple pathways form a close-knit network, providing a broader context for FK treatment. In biological experiments, Dectin-2, NLRP3 and IL-1β were upregulated by Aspergillus fumigatus to evaluate immune response. Honokiol could reverse the trend, comparable to Dectin-2 siRNA interference. Meanwhile, honokiol could also play an anti-inflammatory role via promoting M2 phenotype polarization. Moreover, honokiol reduced hyphal distribution in the stroma, delayed germination, and destroyed the hyphal cell membrane in-vitro. CONCLUSIONS Honokiol possesses anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis and may develop a potential and safe therapeutic modality for FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine 540 E. Canfield Avenue Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hengrui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle WA98104, USA.
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Xu X, Wei Y, Pang J, Wei Z, Wang L, Chen Q, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Chen K, Peng Y, Zhang Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Jin ZB, Liang Q. Time-Course Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Crucial Roles of PANoptosis in Fungal Keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 36867131 PMCID: PMC9988702 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fungal keratitis (FK) is a serious corneal infection with high morbidity. Host immune responses function as a double-edged sword by eradicating fungal pathogens while also causing corneal damage, dictating the severity, progression, and outcome of FK. However, the underlying immunopathogenesis remains elusive. Methods Time-course transcriptome was performed to illustrate the dynamic immune landscape in a mouse model of FK. Integrated bioinformatic analyses included identification of differentially expressed genes, time series clustering, Gene Ontology enrichment, and inference of infiltrating immune cells. Gene expression was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot, or immunohistochemistry. Results FK mice exhibited dynamic immune responses with concerted trends with clinical score, transcriptional alteration, and immune cell infiltration score peaking at 3 days post infection (dpi). Disrupted substrate metabolism, broad immune activation, and corneal wound healing occurred sequentially in early, middle, and late stages of FK. Meanwhile, dynamics of infiltrating innate and adaptive immune cells displayed distinct characteristics. Proportions of dendritic cells showed overall decreasing trend with fungal infection, whereas that of macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils rose sharply in early stage and then gradually decreased as inflammation resolved. Activation of adaptive immune cells was also observed in late stage of infection. Furthermore, shared immune responses and activation of AIM2-, pyrin-, and ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis were revealed across different time points. Conclusions Our study profiles the dynamic immune landscape and highlights the crucial roles of PANoptosis in FK pathogenesis. These findings provide novel insights into host responses to fungi and contribute to the development of PANoptosis-targeted therapeutics for patients with FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinding Pang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Leying Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiankun Chen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Liang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhan L, Tian X, Lin J, Peng X, Zhao G. Glabridin Inhibits Aspergillus fumigatus Growth and Alleviate Inflammation Mediated by Dectin-2 and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:348-356. [PMID: 36785524 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2164779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The research was used to uncover the mechanism of glabridin in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis in anti-fungus and anti-inflammation. METHODS In vitro, RAW 264.7 cells were infected with A. fumigatus with incubation of glabridin in different concentrations. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to assess the inflammatory severe and alternation with the intervention of Dectin-2 siRNA and glabridin. In vivo, A. fumigatus keratitis mouse models were established by spore intra-stromal injection and treated with glabridin or PBS. And disease scores, inflammatory mediators, and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining were exhibited to demonstrate the therapeutic efficiency of glabridin in vivo. Morphological interference assay monitored fungal germination. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the growth of fungi. RESULTS In RAW 264.7 cells and mouse keratitis models, noncytotoxic 16 μg/mL glabridin showed significant inhibition in the expression of Dectin-2, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α after A. fumigatus infection, almost similar to the intervention of Dectin-2 siRNA. PAS staining illustrated the reduced hyphal distribution in cornea stroma with glabridin treatment. Glabridin remarkably inhibited A. fumigatus growth through delaying germination and disrupting the integrity of the hyphae membrane. CONCLUSION Glabridin plays an anti-inflammatory role in A. fumigatus challenge via suppression of the Dectin-2 and NLRP3 inflammasome, and plays an anti-fungal role through delaying germination and changing the hyphal integrity.KEY MESSAGESGlabridin plays an anti-inflammatory role in A. fumigatus infection of RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and through Dectin-2 mediation.Glabridin decreases fungal distribution and inflammation in mouse A. fumigatus keratitis.Glabridin inhibits A. fumigatus growth by delaying germination and disrupting cellular structure in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Teng X, Xiong X, Sha X, Lei Y, Diao Y, Liu J, Tian Y, Liu L, Zhong J. Identification of hub genes and pathways of ferroptosis in Fusarium keratitis by bioinformatics methods. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1103471. [PMID: 36798084 PMCID: PMC9927021 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1103471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal keratitis is a common blinding eye disease, and Fusarium is one of the main species that cause fungal keratitis. As is well known, oxidative stress plays an important role in Fusarium keratitis and it is also a significant initiating factor of ferroptosis. But the relationship between Fusarium keratitis and ferroptosis is currently unclear. This study aimed to speculate and validate potential ferroptosis-related genes in Fusarium keratitis using bioinformatics analysis, which provided ideas for further research on its specific mechanism and new targets for its treatment. Methods The microarray expression profiling dataset (GSE58291) came from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by the limma package of the R software. The DEGs were performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Then, the DEGs were intersected with the genes in the ferroptosis database. The top 5 hub genes were obtained by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and the cytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape software. The hub genes were subjected to GSEA analysis. Then we analyzed the immune infiltration of the samples by CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithm. Finally, we validated the mRNA of hub genes by qPCR. Results A total of 1,368 DEGs were identified and 26 ferroptosis-related DEGs were obtained. At the same time, ferroptosis-related pathways were enriched by GO and KEGG using DEGs. HMOX1, CYBB, GPX2, ALOX5 and SRC were obtained by the PPI network analysis and the cytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape software. The iron metabolism and immune response related pathways were enriched using GSEA. They included hematopoietic cell lineage, lysosome and FC gamma R mediated phagocytosis. T cells follicular helper, monocytes, macrophages and mast cells might play an important role in Fusarium keratitis using analysis of immune infiltration. Finally, qPCR confirmed that the expression of HMOX1, CYBB, ALOX5 mRNA in the DON group was significantly elevated, while the expression of GPX2 were significantly decreased. Conclusions Ferroptosis may play an important role in Fusarium keratitis. HMOX1, CYBB, ALOX5 and GPX2 may be key ferroptosis-related genes in the pathogenesis of Fusarium keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Teng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Sha
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahui Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Diao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jingxiang Zhong, ; Lian Liu,
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Dongguan, China,*Correspondence: Jingxiang Zhong, ; Lian Liu,
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Wang L, Yan H, Chen X, Han L, Liu G, Yang H, Lu D, Liu W, Che C. Thymol Ameliorates Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis by Downregulating the TLR4/ MyD88/ NF-kB/ IL-1β Signal Expression and Reducing Necroptosis and Pyroptosis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:43-50. [PMID: 36517045 PMCID: PMC9895997 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a refractory kind of keratopathy. We attempted to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of thymol on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis. Wound healing and fluorescein staining of the cornea were applied to verify thymol's safety. Mice models of A. fumigatus keratitis underwent subconjunctival injection of thymol. The anti-inflammatory roles of thymol were verified by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, slit lamp observation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting. In contrast with the DMSO group, more transparent corneas and less inflammatory cells infiltration were detected in mice treated with 50 μg/ml thymol. Thymol downregulated the synthesis of TLR4, MyD88, NF-kB, IL-1β, NLRP3, caspase 1, caspase 8, GSDMD, RIPK3 and MLKL. In summary, we proved that thymol played a protective part in A. fumigatus keratitis by cutting down inflammatory cells aggregation, downregulating the TLR4/ MyD88/ NF-kB/ IL-1β signal expression and reducing necroptosis and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China,Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266034, P.R. China
| | - Haijing Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Han
- Gout Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Guibo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Danli Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Chengye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-17853290318 E-mail:
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Ratitong B, Marshall ME, Dragan MA, Anunciado CM, Abbondante S, Pearlman E. Differential Roles for IL-1α and IL-1β in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:548-558. [PMID: 35851538 PMCID: PMC9922050 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of dermal, pulmonary, and ocular disease. Our studies have focused on P. aeruginosa infections of the cornea (keratitis) as a major cause of blinding microbial infections. The infection leads to an influx of innate immune cells, with neutrophils making up to 90% of recruited cells during early stages. We previously reported that the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β were elevated during infection. Compared with wild-type (WT), infected Il1b-/- mice developed more severe corneal disease that is associated with impaired bacterial killing as a result of defective neutrophil recruitment. We also reported that neutrophils are an important source of IL-1α and IL-1β, which peaked at 24 h postinfection. To examine the role of IL-1α compared with IL-1β in P. aeruginosa keratitis, we inoculated corneas of C57BL/6 (WT), Il1a-/-, Il1b-/-, and Il1a-/-Il1b-/- (double-knockout) mice with 5 × 104 ExoS-expressing P. aeruginosa. Il1b-/- and double-knockout mice have significantly higher bacterial burden that was consistent with delayed neutrophil and monocyte recruitment to the corneas. Surprisingly, Il1a-/- mice had the opposite phenotype with enhanced bacteria clearance compared with WT mice. Although there were no significant differences in neutrophil recruitment, Il1a-/- neutrophils displayed a more proinflammatory transcriptomic profile compared to WT with elevations in C1q expression that likely caused the phenotypic differences observed. To our knowledge, our findings identify a novel, non-redundant role for IL-1α in impairing bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Ratitong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Michaela E Marshall
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; and
| | - Morgan A Dragan
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Charissa M Anunciado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Serena Abbondante
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; and
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; and
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16
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He M, Jia Y, Liu X, Peng X, Li C, Yang S, Xu Q, Lin J, Zhao G. Perillaldehyde protects against Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by reducing fungal load and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and LOX-1. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1366-1373. [PMID: 35759617 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2093382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to explore the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of perillaldehyde (PAE) in Aspergillus fumigatus (A.fumigatus) keratitis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS The biofilm formation, adherence assay, propidium iodide uptake test were used to determine the possible mechanism of PAE in terms of antifungal effects in vitro. The severity of corneal infection was evaluated by clinical scores. The immunofluorescence staining was adopt to detect the number of macrophages in infected corneas. Draize test was performed to assess the ocular toxicity of PAE. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot reflected the expression of inflammatory cytokines and Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) in mice corneas and RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS PAE was able to inhibit the formation of biofilm, reduce conidial adhesion, and damage the integrity of membranes to exert antifungal activity. In C57BL/6 mice models, PAE alleviated the severity of infected corneas, reduced the recruitment of macrophages and had low ocular toxicity. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, CCL-2 and LOX-1 could be significantly decreased by the application of PAE after A.fumigatus infection in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that PAE protected against A.fumigatus keratitis by reducing fungal load, accumulation of macrophages, and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - You Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Si W, Xie Y, Dong J, Wang C, Zhang F, Yue J, Jian S, Wei J, Liu S, Wang L, Zhang H. AMPK activation enhances neutrophil's fungicidal activity in vitro and improves the clinical outcome of Fusarium solani keratitis in vivo. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1131-1143. [PMID: 35575029 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2078494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Yue
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 450003, China.
| | - Shoujun Jian
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 450003, China.
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 450003, China.
| | - Susu Liu
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 450003, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 450003, China.
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 450003, China.
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Drummond RA, Obar JJ. Editorial overview: Niche-specific and species-specific host-fungal interactions - how do they impact human health? Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 64:162-165. [PMID: 34696987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Drummond
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Joshua J Obar
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States.
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