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Palma F, Acunzo M, Della Marca R, Dell'Annunziata F, Folliero V, Chianese A, Zannella C, Franci G, De Filippis A, Galdiero M. Evaluation of antifungal spectrum of Cupferron against Candida albicans. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106835. [PMID: 39117014 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast accounting for about 50-90 % of all cases of candidiasis in humans, ranging from superficial to systemic potentially life-threatening infections. The presence of several virulence factors, including biofilm, hyphal transition, and proteolytic enzymes production, worsens the fungal infections burden on healthcare system resources. Hence, developing new bioactive compounds with antifungal activity is a pressing urgence for the scientific community. In this perspective, we evaluated the anti-Candida potential of the N-Nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine ammonium salt (cupferron) against standard and clinical C. albicans strains. Firstly, the in vitro cytotoxicity of cupferron was checked in the range 400-12.5 μg/mL against human microglial cells (HMC-3). Secondly, its antifungal spectrum was explored via disk diffusion test, broth-microdilution method, and time-killing curve analysis, validating the obtained results through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Additionally, we evaluated the cupferron impact on the main virulence determinants of Candida albicans. At non-toxic concentrations (100-12.5 μg/mL), the compound exerted interesting anti-Candida activity, registering a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 50 and 100 μg/mL against the tested strains, with a fungistatic effect until 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, cupferron was able to counteract fungal virulence at MIC and sub-MIC values (50-12.5 μg/mL). These findings may propose cupferron as a new potential antifungal option for the treatment of Candida albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Acunzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Della Marca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Dell'Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Chen H, Du Z, Li Q, Wang R. Fleagrass (Adenosma buchneroides Bonati) Acts as a Fungicide Against Candida albicans by Damaging Its Cell Wall. J Microbiol 2024; 62:661-670. [PMID: 38958871 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Fleagrass, a herb known for its pleasant aroma, is widely used as a mosquito repellent, antibacterial agent, and for treating colds, reducing swelling, and alleviating pain. The antifungal effects of the essential oils of fleagrass and carvacrol against Candida albicans were investigated by evaluating the growth and the mycelial and biofilm development of C. albicans. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate the integrity of the cell membrane and cell wall of C. albicans. Fleagrass exhibited high fungicidal activity against C. albicans at concentrations of 0.5% v/v (via the Ras1/cAMP/PKA pathway). Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy revealed damage to the cell wall and membrane after treatment with the essential oil, which was further confirmed by the increased levels of β-1,3-glucan and chitin in the cell wall. This study showed that fleagrass exerts good fungicidal and hyphal growth inhibition activity against C. albicans by disrupting its cell wall, and thus, fleagrass may be a potential antifungal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Wu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Chen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhi Du
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China.
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Mishra P, Gupta P, Srivastava R, Srivastava AK, Poluri KM, Prasad R. Exploration of Antibiofilm and In Vivo Wound Healing Activity of p-Cymene-Loaded Gellan/PVA Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1816-1831. [PMID: 37075306 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Wound dressings with outstanding biocompatibility, antimicrobial, and tissue regeneration activities are essential to manage emerging recalcitrant antifungal infections to speed up healing. In this study, we have engineered p-cymene-loaded gellan/PVA nanofibers using electrospinning. Morphological and physicochemical properties of the nanofibers were characterized using a multitude of techniques to validate the successful integration of p-cymene (p-cym). The fabricated nanomaterials exhibited strong antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata compared to pure p-cymene. In vitro biocompatibility assay demonstrated that nanofibers did not possess any cytotoxicity to the NIH3T3 cell lines. In vivo, full-thickness excision wound healing study showed that the nanofibers were able to heal skin lesions faster than the conventional clotrimazole gel in 24 days without forming any scar. These findings unraveled p-cymene-loaded gellan gum (GA)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers as an effective biomaterial for cutaneous tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purusottam Mishra
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajnish Srivastava
- Moradabad Educational Trust Group of Institutions, Faculty of Pharmacy, Moradabad 244001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Lazarov A, Stankov S, Fidan H, Gandova V, Stoyanova A. Physicochemical parameters of food emulsion products with summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) essential oil. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235801019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is a plant source of essential oil belonging to the Lamiaceae family, widely used in the food industry. The present work aims to determine the physicochemical parameters of food emulsions containing the essential oil. The summer savory essential oil with main components carvacrol (63.71%), γ-terpinene (20.47%), and p-cymene (5.08%) was used in this study. Several model variants of emulsions have been developed with varying amounts of emulsifier (2 and 3% soy protein isolate), oil phase (20 and 40% sunflower oil), and essential oil (0.2 and 0.4%). The following physicochemical parameters of the emulsion were determined: Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. This parameter was used to determine the thermal effect of the system. The process was determined as exothermic with the negative enthalpy. Emulsions prepared with 2% soybean protein isolate, 40% oil phase, and 0.4% essential oil were characterized by some good results with high equilibrium constants and high Gibbs energies. Model variants of salad diet dressings had also been developed, with 0.2 and 0.3% essential oil, which were qualified by sensory analysis. The overall evaluation of salad dressings showed that the evaluators perceived with best sensory properties in those with 0.2% essential oil.
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Shariati A, Didehdar M, Razavi S, Heidary M, Soroush F, Chegini Z. Natural Compounds: A Hopeful Promise as an Antibiofilm Agent Against Candida Species. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917787. [PMID: 35899117 PMCID: PMC9309813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm communities of Candida are resistant to various antifungal treatments. The ability of Candida to form biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces is considered one of the most important virulence factors of these fungi. Extracellular DNA and exopolysaccharides can lower the antifungal penetration to the deeper layers of the biofilms, which is a serious concern supported by the emergence of azole-resistant isolates and Candida strains with decreased antifungal susceptibility. Since the biofilms' resistance to common antifungal drugs has become more widespread in recent years, more investigations should be performed to develop novel, inexpensive, non-toxic, and effective treatment approaches for controlling biofilm-associated infections. Scientists have used various natural compounds for inhibiting and degrading Candida biofilms. Curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, geraniol, cineole, saponin, camphor, borneol, camphene, carnosol, citronellol, coumarin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, limonene, menthol, piperine, saponin, α-terpineol, β-pinene, and citral are the major natural compounds that have been used widely for the inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms. These compounds suppress not only fungal adhesion and biofilm formation but also destroy mature biofilm communities of Candida. Additionally, these natural compounds interact with various cellular processes of Candida, such as ABC-transported mediated drug transport, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial activity, and ergosterol, chitin, and glucan biosynthesis. The use of various drug delivery platforms can enhance the antibiofilm efficacy of natural compounds. Therefore, these drug delivery platforms should be considered as potential candidates for coating catheters and other medical material surfaces. A future goal will be to develop natural compounds as antibiofilm agents that can be used to treat infections by multi-drug-resistant Candida biofilms. Since exact interactions of natural compounds and biofilm structures have not been elucidated, further in vitro toxicology and animal experiments are required. In this article, we have discussed various aspects of natural compound usage for inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms, along with the methods and procedures that have been used for improving the efficacy of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soroush
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Tartor YH, Elmowalid GA, Hassan MN, Shaker A, Ashour DF, Saber T. Promising Anti-Biofilm Agents and Phagocytes Enhancers for the Treatment of Candida albicans Biofilm–Associated Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:807218. [PMID: 35846767 PMCID: PMC9283759 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.807218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the interactions among phagocytes and antifungal agents and the antifungal immunomodulatory activities on Candida species biofilms. Here, inhibition of C. albicans biofilms and the interactions among biofilms and phagocytes alone or in combination with essential oils, biological, and chemical agents, or fluconazole were investigated. Biofilm formation by a panel of 28 C. albicans clinical isolates from hospitalized patients, birds, and cattle was tested. The anti-biofilm activities of cinnamon and clove oils, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and Enterococcus faecalis cell-free supernatant (CFS) in comparison with fluconazole were investigated using crystal violet and XTT reduction assays, expression of hypha-specific and hyphal regulator genes, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Of the tested C. albicans isolates, 15 of 28 (53.6%) were biofilm producers. Cinnamon followed by E. faecalis–CFS, SDS, and CTAB was the most effective inhibitors of planktonic C. albicans and biofilms. Fluconazole was an ineffective inhibitor of C. albicans biofilms. Sessile minimal inhibitory concentration (SMIC50) of cinnamon, SDS, CTAB, and E. faecalis–CFS downregulated the hypha-specific and regulator genes, albeit to various extents, when compared with untreated biofilms (P < 0.001). SEM analysis revealed disruption and deformity of three-dimensional structures in cinnamon oil–treated biofilms. C. albicans sessile cells within biofilm were less susceptible to phagocytosis than planktonic cells. The additive effects of phagocytes and the tested antifungals enabled phagocytes to engulf C. albicans cells rapidly in cinnamon, E. faecalis–CFS, or SDS-treated biofilms. No differences in anti-Candida or anti-biofilm eradication activities were detected among the tested isolates. Our findings reinforce the substantial anti-biofilm activity of cinnamon oil, SDS, and E. faecalis–CFS and provide new avenues for the development of novel anti-biofilm immunotherapies or antifungals that could be used prior to or during the management of cases with biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine H. Tartor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Yasmine H. Tartor, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1246-6548
| | - Gamal A. Elmowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N. Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Shaker
- Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Dalia F. Ashour
- Department of Public Health, Dakahlia Veterinary Medicine Directorate, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Antibiofilm Potential of Medicinal Plants against Candida spp. Oral Biofilms: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091142. [PMID: 34572724 PMCID: PMC8464735 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products to promote health is as old as human civilization. In recent years, the perception of natural products derived from plants as abundant sources of biologically active compounds has driven their exploitation towards the search for new chemical products that can lead to further pharmaceutical formulations. Candida fungi, being opportunistic pathogens, increase their virulence by acquiring resistance to conventional antimicrobials, triggering diseases, especially in immunosuppressed hosts. They are also pointed to as the main pathogens responsible for most fungal infections of the oral cavity. This increased resistance to conventional synthetic antimicrobials has driven the search for new molecules present in plant extracts, which have been widely explored as alternative agents in the prevention and treatment of infections. This review aims to provide a critical view and scope of the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of several medicinal plants, revealing species with inhibition/reduction effects on the biofilm formed by Candida spp. in the oral cavity. The most promising plant extracts in fighting oral biofilm, given their high capacity to reduce it to low concentrations were the essential oils extracted from Allium sativum L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.
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Karpiński TM, Ożarowski M, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Wolski H, Adamczak A. Plant Preparations and Compounds with Activities against Biofilms Formed by Candida spp. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050360. [PMID: 34063007 PMCID: PMC8147947 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi from the genus Candida are very important human and animal pathogens. Many strains can produce biofilms, which inhibit the activity of antifungal drugs and increase the tolerance or resistance to them as well. Clinically, this process leads to persistent infections and increased mortality. Today, many Candida species are resistant to drugs, including C. auris, which is a multiresistant pathogen. Natural compounds may potentially be used to combat multiresistant and biofilm-forming strains. The aim of this review was to present plant-derived preparations and compounds that inhibit Candida biofilm formation by at least 50%. A total of 29 essential oils and 16 plant extracts demonstrate activity against Candida biofilms, with the following families predominating: Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apiacae. Lavandula dentata (0.045–0.07 mg/L), Satureja macrosiphon (0.06–8 mg/L), and Ziziphora tenuior (2.5 mg/L) have the best antifungal activity. High efficacy has also been observed with Artemisia judaica, Lawsonia inermis, and Thymus vulgaris. Moreover, 69 plant compounds demonstrate activity against Candida biofilms. Activity in concentrations below 16 mg/L was observed with phenolic compounds (thymol, pterostilbene, and eugenol), sesquiterpene derivatives (warburganal, polygodial, and ivalin), chalconoid (lichochalcone A), steroidal saponin (dioscin), flavonoid (baicalein), alkaloids (waltheriones), macrocyclic bisbibenzyl (riccardin D), and cannabinoid (cannabidiol). The above compounds act on biofilm formation and/or mature biofilms. In summary, plant preparations and compounds exhibit anti-biofilm activity against Candida. Given this, they may be a promising alternative to antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-854-61-38
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; (A.S.-M.); (H.W.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland
| | - Hubert Wolski
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; (A.S.-M.); (H.W.)
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Podhale Multidisciplinary Hospital, Szpitalna 14, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland
| | - Artur Adamczak
- Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland;
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The Use of Essential Oils and Their Isolated Compounds for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis: A Literature Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1059274. [PMID: 33505486 PMCID: PMC7810551 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1059274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this literature review, we present the main scientific findings on the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) applicable for a new drug formulation to treat oral candidiasis. Seven literature databases were systematically searched for eligible in vitro and clinical trials. Selected articles were screened for biological activity, botanical species, phytochemical composition, study design, and methodological quality. A total of 26 articles were included in the review, of which 21 were in vitro studies and 5 clinical trials. The most promising EOs were obtained from Allium tubeorosum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Coriandrum sativum L. Among the phytochemicals, citral and thymol were the most active. Clinical trials indicated that the EOs from Pelargonium graveolens and Zataria multiflora are potentially effective to treat oral candidiasis. Further nonclinical and clinical studies with these EO are warranted to determine their potential use and safety for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
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Challenge of Utilization Vegetal Extracts as Natural Plant Protection Products. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10248913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural plant protection products (known as biopesticides), derived from natural materials (plants, bacterial strains, and certain minerals) that can be used to control pests, are an alternative to plant protection chemicals (known as pesticides) due to certain advantages: less toxic to humans and the environment, no release/leaching of harmful residues, and usually much specific to the target pests. This review focuses on the systematization of information highlighting the main advantages related to the natural plant protection products used, the extractive methods of obtaining them, their physical-chemical analysis methodology, the specific constituents responsible for their pesticide effects, the mechanisms of action, and methods for direct application on vegetable crops or on seeds stored in warehouses, in order to eliminate the adverse effects occurred in the case of plant protection chemicals use. Special attention has been accorded to natural plant protection products from the spontaneous flora of Moldova (Romania’s macroeconomic region NE), which can be considered a resource of valuable secondary metabolites, especially in the form of vegetable essential oils, with biological effects and biopesticide routes of action. All presented information concludes that biopesticides can successfully replace the chemical plant protection products on small farms and especially in silos (seeds and cereals).
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Chambre DR, Moisa C, Lupitu A, Copolovici L, Pop G, Copolovici DM. Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and thermal behavior of Satureja hortensis essential oil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21322. [PMID: 33288856 PMCID: PMC7721874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturejahortensis is one of the representative plants from the Lamiaceae family, and its essential oil has been used in various applicative fields, from the food industry to aromatherapy. The changes that occur in heated samples at different temperatures (160, 175, 190 ºC) over different periods (0.5 and 2.5 h) in Saturejahortensis essential oil composition and chemical properties were evaluated. The results showed that the major chemical composition constituents of the investigated essential oil are γ-terpinene + α-terpinolene and carvacrol + p-cymene and the thermal behavior is dependent on the content. This composition drastically changes through the heating of the samples and causes significant changes in thermal behavior. The present study demonstrated that the concentration of carvacrol in S.hortensis essential oil is increasing after heating treatment, and the sample heated at 190 ºC for 2.5 h contained more than 91% carvacrol. This simple treatment is a rapid way to obtain carvacrol from the essential oil that has high potential as a natural preservative suitable for the food industry and alternative and complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Rodica Chambre
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism, and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2 Elena Dragoi St., 310330, Arad, Romania
| | - Cristian Moisa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism, and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2 Elena Dragoi St., 310330, Arad, Romania
| | - Andreea Lupitu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism, and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2 Elena Dragoi St., 310330, Arad, Romania.,Faculty of Agriculture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael 1st of Romania" from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului St., 300645, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism, and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2 Elena Dragoi St., 310330, Arad, Romania.
| | - Georgeta Pop
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael 1st of Romania" from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului St., 300645, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana-Maria Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism, and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 2 Elena Dragoi St., 310330, Arad, Romania.
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Antimicorbial Potency of Major Functional Foods’ Essential Oils in Liquid and Vapor Phases: A Short Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing risk of chemical contaminations in the application of synthetic fungicides, the use of plant essential oils and extracts has recently been increased. In the present review, the antimicrobial potential of the most active plant-food essential oils in liquid and vapor phases has been reviewed. The volatile isothiocyanates, aldehydes, and phenols, including allyl isothiocyanate, carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol, are considered to be the predominant components of essential oils, possessing significant antimicrobial activities. These components alone or in mixture can be effective. Overall, the antimicrobial activity of aroma compounds depends on the plant species, concentration, and method of application. This review provides useful information about the inhibitory application of the most common plant-foods’ essential oils in liquid and vapor phases against the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Essential oils (EOs) are promising natural antimicrobial alternatives in food processing facilities. Although the food industry primarily uses spices and herbs to impart flavor, aroma, and pungency to foods, potent EOs represent interesting sources of natural products for food preservation.
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Potente G, Bonvicini F, Gentilomi GA, Antognoni F. Anti- Candida Activity of Essential Oils from Lamiaceae Plants from the Mediterranean Area and the Middle East. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070395. [PMID: 32660009 PMCID: PMC7400371 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive documentation is available on plant essential oils as a potential source of antimicrobials, including natural drugs against Candida spp. Yeasts of the genus Candida are responsible for various clinical manifestations, from mucocutaneous overgrowth to bloodstream infections, whose incidence and mortality rates are increasing because of the expanding population of immunocompromised patients. In the last decade, although C. albicans is still regarded as the most common species, epidemiological data reveal that the global distribution of Candida spp. has changed, and non-albicans species of Candida are being increasingly isolated worldwide. The present study aimed to review the anti-Candida activity of essential oils collected from 100 species of the Lamiaceae family growing in the Mediterranean area and the Middle East. An overview is given on the most promising essential oils and constituents inhibiting Candida spp. growth, with a particular focus for those natural products able to reduce the expression of virulence factors, such as yeast-hyphal transition and biofilm formation. Based on current knowledge on members of the Lamiaceae family, future recommendations to strengthen the value of these essential oils as antimicrobial agents include pathogen selection, with an extension towards the new emerging Candida spp. and toxicological screening, as it cannot be taken for granted that plant-derived products are void of potential toxic and/or carcinogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Potente
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (G.P.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Bonvicini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-4290-930
| | - Giovanna Angela Gentilomi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Antognoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (G.P.); (F.A.)
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Wei J, Bi Y, Xue H, Wang Y, Zong Y, Prusky D. Antifungal activity of cinnamaldehyde against
Fusarium sambucinum
involves inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:256-265. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Wei
- College of Plant Protection Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | - Y. Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | - H. Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | - Y. Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | - Y. Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | - D. Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center Beit Dagan Israel
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Karpiński TM. Essential Oils of Lamiaceae Family Plants as Antifungals. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010103. [PMID: 31936168 PMCID: PMC7023020 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fungal infections has been steadily increasing in recent years. Systemic mycoses are characterized by the highest mortality. At the same time, the frequency of infections caused by drug-resistant strains and new pathogens e.g., Candida auris increases. An alternative to medicines may be essential oils, which can have a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Rich in the essential oils are plants from the Lamiaceae family. In this review are presented antifungal activities of essential oils from 72 Lamiaceae plants. More than half of these have good activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) < 1000 µg/mL) against fungi. The best activity (MICs < 100) have essential oils from some species of the genera Clinopodium, Lavandula, Mentha, Thymbra, and Thymus. In some cases were observed significant discrepancies between different studies. In the review are also shown the most important compounds of described essential oils. To the chemical components most commonly found as the main ingredients include β-caryophyllene (41 plants), linalool (27 plants), limonene (26), β-pinene (25), 1,8-cineole (22), carvacrol (21), α-pinene (21), p-cymene (20), γ-terpinene (20), and thymol (20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
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Djenane D, Aboudaou M, Ferhat MA, Ouelhadj A, Ariño A. Effect of the aromatisation with summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) essential oil on the oxidative and microbial stabilities of liquid whole eggs during storage. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1610516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Djamel Djenane
- Laboratory of Food Quality and Food Safety,. Department of Food Science, University of Mouloud MAMMERI, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Malek Aboudaou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Agronomic Institute, El Harrach, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Amine Ferhat
- Laboratory for Research on Bioactive Products and Biomass Valorisation, Normal Higher School, Vieux Kouba, Alger, Algeria
| | - Akli Ouelhadj
- Laboratory of Food Quality and Food Safety,. Department of Food Science, University of Mouloud MAMMERI, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Agustín Ariño
- Veterinary Faculty, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón – IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza – CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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Antimicrobial Activity of Six Essential Oils Against a Group of Human Pathogens: A Comparative Study. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8010015. [PMID: 30696051 PMCID: PMC6471180 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are concentrated natural extracts derived from plants, which were proved to be good sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. This study followed the effect of some commonly used essential oils in micellar and aqueous extract on some of the most common pathogenic bacteria. Frankincense, myrtle, thyme, lemon, oregano and lavender essential oils were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both micellar and aqueous extracts were used for determination of their minimal inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The most active oils were oregano, thyme, lemon and lavender, while the least active were frankincense and myrtle. Oregano oil presented up to 64 times lower MICs/MBCs than ethylic alcohol, if considered as standard, on all bacteria. Most susceptible bacteria were the Gram-positive cocci, including methicillin resistant S. aureus, while the most resistant was P. aeruginosa. With some exceptions, the best activity was achieved by micelles suspension of essential oils, with MICs and MBCs ranging from 0.1% to > 50% v/v. Only oregano and lavender aqueous extracts presented bactericidal activity and only on K. pneumoniae (MIC = 6.3%). Thyme, lemon and oregano oils present significantly lower overall average MICs for their micellar form than for their aqueous extracts. The present results may suggest some formulas of colloid or micelle suspensions of whole essential oils such as oregano, thyme or lemon oil, that may help in antimicrobial fight. Aqueous extracts of oregano or thyme oil with good antibacterial activity could also be used in selected cases.
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Vitanza L, Maccelli A, Marazzato M, Scazzocchio F, Comanducci A, Fornarini S, Crestoni ME, Filippi A, Fraschetti C, Rinaldi F, Aleandri M, Goldoni P, Conte MP, Ammendolia MG, Longhi C. Satureja montana L. essential oil and its antimicrobial activity alone or in combination with gentamicin. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:323-331. [PMID: 30458252 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many essential oils (EOs) are screened as potential sources of antimicrobial compounds. EOs from the genus Satureja have recognized biological properties, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to obtain a metabolite profile of commercial essential oil of S. montana L. (SEO) and to evaluate its antimicrobial properties, both alone and combined with gentamicin towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. Untargeted analyses based on direct infusion Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and on GC-MS have provided a high metabolome coverage, allowing to identify carvacrol, cymene and thymol as the major components of commercial SEO. SEO exerted an antimicrobial activity and induced a synergistic interaction with gentamicin against both reference and clinical bacterial strains. A significant reduction of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation was induced by SEO. As a result of SEO treatment, clear morphological bacterial alterations were visualized by scanning electron microscopy: L. monocytogenes and S. aureus showed malformed cell surface or broken cells with pores formation, whereas E. coli displayed collapsed cell surface. These results encourage further studies about bactericidal and antibiotic synergistic effect of SEO for combined therapy in clinical setting as well as in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vitanza
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Scazzocchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Comanducci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Aleandri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Goldoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Conte
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ammendolia
- National Center of Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299 - 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Catia Longhi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Satureja hortensis L.: A Review of the Last Decade. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102458. [PMID: 30257512 PMCID: PMC6222901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Satureja hortensis L. (summer savory) is an annual herbaceous crop, native to Europe and in our days spread and used all over the world. Although its use as spice and medicinal plant is known since ancient times, peer-reviewed studies presenting the scientific data are scarce. The natural products obtained from summer savory (extracts and essential oil) are dominated by polyphenols and flavonoids, responsible for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, pesticidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective and anticancer properties, among others. The current study presents the progress made in the last decade regarding the potential applications of summer savory, being the first review study focused on S. hortensis, in the same time suggesting future research opportunities, as they appear from the properties of other Satureja species. The available data presenting the properties of summer savory represents a scientific support for application in industry, for developing “clean label” food products.
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da Silva PM, de Moura MC, Gomes FS, da Silva Trentin D, Silva de Oliveira AP, de Mello GSV, da Rocha Pitta MG, de Melo Rego MJB, Coelho LCBB, Macedo AJ, de Figueiredo RCBQ, Paiva PMG, Napoleão TH. PgTeL, the lectin found in Punica granatum juice, is an antifungal agent against Candida albicans and Candida krusei. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Update on Monoterpenes as Antimicrobial Agents: A Particular Focus on p-Cymene. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10080947. [PMID: 28809799 PMCID: PMC5578313 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p-Cymene [1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-benzene] is a monoterpene found in over 100 plant species used for medicine and food purposes. It shows a range of biological activity including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anticancer and antimicrobial effects. This last property has been widely investigated due to the urgent need for new substances with antimicrobial properties, to be used to treat communicable diseases whose diffusion in developed countries has been facilitated by globalization and the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes available scientific data, as reported by the most recent studies describing the antimicrobial activity of p-cymene either alone, or as the main component of plant extracts, as well as addressing the mechanisms of action of cymenes as antimicrobial agents. While p-cymene is one of the major constituents of extracts and essential oils used in traditional medicines as antimicrobial agents, but considering the limited data on its in vivo efficacy and safety, further studies are required to reach a definitive recommendation on the use and beneficial effects of p-cymene in human healthcare and in biomedical applications as a promising candidate to functionalize biomaterials and nanomaterials.
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