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Xie F, Kang L, Chen M, Zhang T, Li Z, Shao D, Li B, Wei J, Qiu Y, Li M, Ma Z, Liu K. Heat shock protein 71 restricts mutation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp2 in vitro. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:102179. [PMID: 38636297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, is an important swine infectious disease that causes substantial losses worldwide each year. PRRSV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is highly susceptible to mutation and recombination, making vaccine and drug research for the disease extremely difficult. In this study, the binding of PRRSV nsp2 to HSP71 protein was detected by using the IP/MS technique. And the inhibitory effect of HSP71 on nsp2 antagonistic activity was validated by measuring NF-kB luciferase reporter. According to stress from inhibitory effects, the amino acid variation profile of PRRSV nsp2 under HSP71 stress was further analyzed using second-generation sequencing. Surprisingly, the results indicated that HSP71 pressure limits the random mutations of PRRSV nsp2 and maintains the dominant PRRSV strain within the population. Mutant strain showed weaker antagonistic activity and replication capability in cell. These results imply the binding of HSP71 with PRRSV nsp2 may lead to maintain the stability of highly virulent strains of PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Lei Kang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, China.
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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Luo X, Xie S, Xu X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Tan D, Tan Y. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection induces microRNA novel-216 production to facilitate viral-replication by targeting MAVS 3´UTR. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110061. [PMID: 38547545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused significant economic losses in the swine industry. In this study, the high-throughput sequencing, microRNAs (miRNAs) mimic, and lentivirus were used to screen for potential miRNAs that can promote PRRSV infection in porcine alveolar macrophages or Marc-145 cells. It was observed that novel-216, a previously unidentified miRNA, was upregulated through the p38 signaling pathway during PRRSV infection, and its overexpression significantly increased PRRSV replication. Further analysis revealed that novel-216 regulated PRRSV replication by directly targeting mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), an upstream molecule of type Ⅰ IFN that mediates the production and response of type Ⅰ IFN. The proviral function of novel-216 on PRRSV replication was abolished by MAVS overexpression, and this effect was reversed by the 3'UTR of MAVS, which served as the target site of novel-216. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PRRSV-induced upregulation of novel-216 served to inhibit the production and response of typeⅠ IFN and facilitate viral replication, providing new insights into viral immune evasion and persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, No.120 Longshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.120 Longshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Sha Xie
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xingsheng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yi Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Zheng Y, Li G, Luo Q, Sha H, Zhang H, Wang R, Kong W, Liao J, Zhao M. Research progress on the N protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1391697. [PMID: 38741730 PMCID: PMC11089252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). PRRSV exhibits genetic diversity and complexity in terms of immune responses, posing challenges for eradication. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of PRRSV, an alkaline phosphoprotein, is important for various biological functions. This review summarizes the structural characteristics, genetic evolution, impact on PRRSV replication and virulence, interactions between viral and host proteins, modulation of host immunity, detection techniques targeting the N protein, and progress in vaccine development. The discussion provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying PRRSV virulence, developing diagnostic techniques, and designing effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Gan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Huiyang Sha
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weili Kong
- Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jiedan Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Zhao HZ, Liu CY, Meng H, Sun CL, Yang HW, Wang H, Zou J, Li P, Han FY, Qi G, Zhang Y, Lin BB, Liu C, Chen MM, Zhang PL, Chen XD, Zhang YD, Song QJ, Wen YJ, Wang FX. Evolution Characterization and Pathogenicity of an NADC34-like PRRSV Isolated from Inner Mongolia, China. Viruses 2024; 16:683. [PMID: 38793564 PMCID: PMC11125647 DOI: 10.3390/v16050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a pathogen that causes severe abortions in sows and high piglet mortality, resulting in huge economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. The emerging and novel PRRSV isolates are clinically and biologically important, as there are likely recombination and pathogenic differences among PRRSV genomes. Furthermore, the NADC34-like strain has become a major epidemic strain in some parts of China, but the characterization and pathogenicity of the latest strain in Inner Mongolia have not been reported in detail. In this study, an NADC34-like strain (CHNMGKL1-2304) from Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia was successfully isolated and characterized, and confirmed the pathogenicity in pigs. The phylogenetic tree showed that this strain belonged to sublineage 1.5 and had high homology with the strain JS2021NADC34. There is no recombination between CHNMGKL1-2304 and any other domestic strains. Animal experiments show that the CHNMGKL1-2304 strain is moderately virulent to piglets, which show persistent fever, weight loss and high morbidity but no mortality. The presence of PRRSV nucleic acids was detected in both blood, tissues, nasal and fecal swabs. In addition, obvious pathological changes and positive signals were observed in lung, lymph node, liver and spleen tissues when subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). This report can provide a basis for epidemiological investigations and subsequent studies of PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | - Hai Meng
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Cheng-Long Sun
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Hong-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Jian Zou
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Feng-Ye Han
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Gen Qi
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Bing-Bing Lin
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Chuang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Meng-Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Pan-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Yi-Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Qian-Jin Song
- Yinchuan Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service Center, Yinchuan 750000, China;
| | - Yong-Jun Wen
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Feng-Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
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Tu T, Li Y, Zhang G, Du C, Zhou Y, Jiang D, Luo Y, Yao X, Yang Z, Ren M, Wang Y. Isolation, identification, recombination analysis and pathogenicity experiment of a PRRSV recombinant strain in Sichuan Province, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362471. [PMID: 38450173 PMCID: PMC10915093 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 2013, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2), lineage 1.8 (NADC30-like PRRSV) has emerged and become widely prevalent in China. The NADC30-like PRRSV poses significant challenges for disease control, primarily because of its propensity for frequent mutations and recombinations. We successfully isolated and identified a NADC30-like strain, designated SCCD22, in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. We meticulously examined the genetic recombination properties and evaluated its pathogenicity in 28-day-old piglets. SCCD22 showed 93.02% nucleotide homology with the NADC30 PRRSV strain, and its non-structural protein 2 coding region showed the same 131 amino acid deletion pattern as that seen in NADC30. Furthermore, we identified two recombination events in SCCD22: one in the NSP2 region (1,028-3,290 nt), where it was highly similar to the JXA1-like strain GZ106; and another in the NSP10 ~ 12 region (9,985-12,279 nt), closely resembling the NADC30-like strain CY2-1604. Piglets infected with SCCD22 exhibited clinical symptoms such as elevated body temperature, prolonged fever, reduced appetite, and roughened fur. Postmortem examinations underscored the typical lung pathology associated with PRRSV, indicating that the lungs were the primary affected organs. Furthermore, extended viral shedding accompanied by progressive viremia was observed in the serum and nasal excretions of infected piglets. In summary, this study reports a domestic PRRSV recombination strain in the Sichuan Province that can provide critical insights into preventing and controlling PRRSV in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengchao Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dike Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Li Y, Xu L, Jiao D, Zheng Z, Chen Z, Jing Y, Li Z, Ma Z, Feng Y, Guo X, Wang Y, He Y, Zheng H, Xiao S. Genomic similarity and antibody-dependent enhancement of immune serum potentially affect the protective efficacy of commercial MLV vaccines against NADC30-like PRRSV. Virol Sin 2023; 38:813-826. [PMID: 37660949 PMCID: PMC10590703 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most significant diseases affecting the pig industry worldwide. The PRRSV mutation rate is the highest among the RNA viruses. To date, NADC30-like PRRSV and highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) are the dominant epidemic strains in China; however, commercial vaccines do not always provide sufficient cross-protection, and the reasons for insufficient protection are unclear. This study isolated a wild-type NADC30-like PRRSV, SX-YL1806, from Shaanxi Province. Vaccination challenge experiments in piglets showed that commercial modified live virus (MLV) vaccines provided good protection against HP-PRRSV. However, it could not provide sufficient protection against the novel strain SX-YL1806. To explore the reasons for this phenomenon, we compared the genomic homology between the MLV strain and HP-PRRSV or NADC30-like PRRSV and found that the MLV strain had a lower genome similarity with NADC30-like PRRSV. Serum neutralization assay showed that MLV-immune serum slightly promoted the homologous HP-PRRSV replication and significantly promoted the heterologous NADC30-like PRRSV strain replication in vitro, suggesting that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) might also play a role in decreasing MLV protective efficacy. These findings expand our understanding of the potential factors affecting the protective effect of PRRSV MLV vaccines against the NADC30-like strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Lele Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dian Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zifang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yang Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhiqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yingtong Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xuyang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yumiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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7
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Chang H, Zheng J, Qiu Y, Chen C, Li Q, Wu Q, Lin L, Zhao H, Zhou Q, Gong L, Sun Y, Zhang X, Wang H. Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of a NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory disorder syndrome virus strain affecting sow production. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1207189. [PMID: 37483283 PMCID: PMC10360194 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1207189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Since it was first reported in 1987, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused several economic crises worldwide. The current prevalence of PRRSV NADC30-like stains causing clinical disease outbreaks in Chain is highly concerning. Immunization against and the prevention of this infection are burdensome for farming organizations as the pathogen frequently mutates and undergoes recombination. Herein, the genetic characterization of a NADC30-like strain (termed BL2019) isolated from a farm in Guangdong Province, China, was analyzed and its pathogenicity for piglets and sows was assessed. Results revealed that BL2019 exhibits a nucleotide homology of 93.7% with NADC30 PRRSV and its NSP2 coding region demonstrates the same 131aa deletion pattern as that of NADC30 and NADC30-like. Furthermore, we identified two recombination breakpoints located nt5804 of the NSP5-coding region and nt6478 of NSP2-coding region, the gene fragment between the two breakpoints showed higher homology to the TJ strain(a representative strain of highly pathogenic PRRSV) compared to the NADC30 strain. In addition, BL2019 infection in piglets caused fever lasting for 1 week, moderate respiratory clinical signs and obvious visual and microscopic lung lesions; infection in gestating sows affected their feed intake and increased body temperature, abortion rates, number of weak fetuses, and other undesirable phenomena. Therefore, we report a NADC30-like PRRSV strain with partial recombination and a representative strain of HP-PRRSV, strain TJ, that can provide early warning and support for PRRS immune prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limiao Lin
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Haishen Zhao
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Yankuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Chen XX, Qiao S, Li R, Wang J, Li X, Zhang G. Evasion strategies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1140449. [PMID: 37007469 PMCID: PMC10063791 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During the co-evolution of viruses and their hosts, viruses have developed various strategies for overcoming host immunological defenses so that they can proliferate efficiently. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a significant virus to the swine industry across the world, typically establishes prolonged infection via diverse and complicated mechanisms, which is one of the biggest obstacles for controlling the associated disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). In this review, we summarize the latest research on how PRRSV circumvents host antiviral responses from both the innate and adaptive immune systems and how this virus utilizes other evasion mechanisms, such as the manipulation of host apoptosis and microRNA. A thorough understanding of the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will help with the development of novel antiviral strategies against PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuewu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Tylvalosin Tartrate Improves the Health Status of Swine Herds during Immunization with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Inactivated Vaccine. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010012. [PMID: 36669013 PMCID: PMC9860778 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease that affects pigs and is responsible for severe economic losses. The commercial PRRSV-inactivated vaccine (CH-1a strain) in China was recently selected to control PRRS in large populations of PRRS-positive sows and was found to effectively reduce the rate of stillbirth abortion based on clinical observations. However, stress from vaccine inoculation (e.g., fever, anorexia, abortions, and slow body weight gain) usually appears after immunization on many swine farms. In this study, we fed piglets a diet medicated with tylvalosin tartrate during PRRSV-inactivated vaccine immunization. We found that tylvalosin tartrate attenuated the increase in total white blood cells induced by immunization at day one post-immunization (DPI) and induced an increase in monocyte counts after seven DPI. There was also attenuation in the intensity of the inflammatory response induced by vaccination and elevation of serum IFN-γ concentrations at three and seven DPI after immunization. The administration of tylvalosin tartrate could also attenuate the reduction in the percentage of CD8+ T cells induced by PRRSV-inactivated vaccine immunization at seven DPI. These results demonstrated that in addition to tylvalosin tartrate being able to control respiratory and enteric bacterial infections in swine farms, it can also improve the stress status of swine herds during PRRSV-inactivated vaccine immunization.
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10
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Xu Y, Ji X, Fu C, Hu D, Pang H, Wang T, Li C, Wang G, Peng J. Evolution Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolate from a Pig Farm in Shandong Province, China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061194. [PMID: 35746666 PMCID: PMC9228802 DOI: 10.3390/v14061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains have been experiencing extensive recombination in Chinese swine farms. This recombination usually happens in NADC30/34 strains and highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV strains. This study identified a new PRRSV isolate that shared 99% and 99.1% nucleotide identity with CH-1a and CH-1R at the genomic level, respectively. After purification by viral plaque assay, this isolate was named PRRSV CSR1801. The isolate did not experience any recombination with other PRRSV strains common in swine herd epidemics in China, which means it still maintains the stable features of the classical PRRSV strain and did not easily recombine with other PRRSV strains. Further analysis of the pathogenicity of the PRRSV isolate CSR1801 was performed in piglets. The results indicated that none of the inoculated piglets showed the typical clinical manifestations of PRRS, which presented with runny noses, rough back hair, rectal temperatures always below 40.5 °C, and no deaths. Additionally, no obvious histopathological lesions such as severe interstitial pneumonia could be observed in the lungs of the piglets. Hence, the PRRSV isolate CSR1801 should be classified as a classical-like PRRSV strain. This classical PRRSV strain showed genetic stability and maintained low pathogenicity. This study may provide new clues for further understanding the genetic evolution and pathogenicity of PRRSV and may also be an important reference for the prevention and control of PRRS in swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaojing Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunyu Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Dong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Heng Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Chuangang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of China, East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tai’an 271000, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (J.P.); Tel./Fax: +86-538-824-2478 (G.W. & J.P.)
| | - Jun Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of China, East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tai’an 271000, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (J.P.); Tel./Fax: +86-538-824-2478 (G.W. & J.P.)
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11
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Li Y, Jiao D, Jing Y, He Y, Han W, Li Z, Ma Z, Feng Y, Xiao S. Genetic characterization and pathogenicity of a novel recombinant PRRSV from lineage 1, 8 and 3 in China failed to infect MARC-145 cells. Microb Pathog 2022; 165:105469. [PMID: 35271985 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in China is increasing rapidly along with mutation and recombination. Recombination could occur between inter- and intra-lineage of PRRSV, which accelerated the complexity of pathogenicity and cell tropism of the recombinant strain. In the present study, a novel PRRSV strain named HN-YL1711 was isolated from a pig farm suffering from severe respiratory difficulty in Henan province, China. The whole genomic sequence analysis indicated that the genome of HN-YL1711 was 15018 nt. It shared 86%, 87.3%, 88.1%, 91.1%, 84.2%, and 84.1% nucleotide similarities with PRRSVs VR2332, CH1a, JXA1, NADC30, QYYZ, and GM2, respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis of Nsp2, ORF5 and complete genomes, HN-YL1711 was classified into lineage 1 of PRRSV. However, seven genomic break points were detected in recombination analysis, which indicated that the HN-YL1711 originated from multiple recombination among NADC30-like (major parent, lineage 1), JXA1-like (minor parent, lineage 8), and QYYZ-like (minor parent, lineage 3) PRRSV. Porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), 3D4/21-CD163 and MARC-145 cells were used to explore the viral adaptation of HN-YL1711. The results indicated that it could infect the PAMs but failed to infect MARC-145 cells. Challenge experiments showed that HN-YL1711 exhibits intermediate virulence in pigs, compared with HP-PRRSV JXA1 and LP-PRRSV CH1a. Taken together, our findings suggest that recombination remains an important factor in PRRSV evolution and that recombination further complicates the cell tropism and pathogenicity of PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dian Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiguo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yingtong Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Zhu Z, Yuan L, Hu D, Lian Z, Yao X, Liu P, Li X. Isolation and genomic characterization of a Chinese NADC34-like PRRSV isolated from Jiangsu province. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e1015-e1027. [PMID: 34786872 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important causative agents to swine industry, which has been epidemic more than 30 years. The emergence and recombination of new virus strains bring great challenges to the prevention and control of PRRSV. In the present study, we reported and characterized a novel PRRSV strain, designated as JS2021NADC34, which was for the first time isolated from clinical samples in Jiangsu province, China. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that JS2021NADC34 belonging to sublineage 1.5 of PRRSV-2 and was highly related to NADC34-like strains. Genetically, JS2021NADC34 strain had a continuous 100 aa depletion in NSP2, as compared to VR-2332 strain, which was consistent with most reported NADC34-like strains. Moreover, there were several amino acid substitutions occurred in the antigenic regions of GP2-GP5. Similar to other reported NADC34-like PRRSV in China, JS2021NADC34 had no recombination with other domestic strains, which indicates this sublineage of PRRSV may be directly transported from the United States and have not undergone extensive mutation and recombination with local strains yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yuan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Danhe Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmin Lian
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Panrao Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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13
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Sun YF, Yu H, Jiang X, Ma JF, Xu CQ, Yu XX, Li LA. Novel ORF5 deletion of NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses circulating in northern China from 2016 to 2018. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:928-932. [PMID: 32996410 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720954543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (NA-PRRSV), especially NADC30-like PRRSV, has evolved and is prevalent in China. We collected 503 samples from pig breeding farms across 4 provinces in northern China from 2016 to 2018. The samples were screened by PCR testing with specific primers that could differentiate groups of NA-PRRSV; phylogenetic trees were constructed and analyzed. Overall, 175 of 503 (34.8%) samples were positive for NA-PRRSV. Dual (NADC30-like and highly pathogenic [HP]-PRRSV; NADC30-like and typical PRRSV; HP and typical PRRSV) and triple (NADC30-like, HP, and typical PRRSV) infections (92 of 175, 52.6%) were common in coinfections by NADC30-like and HP-PRRSV. Notably, 18 of 125 (14.4%) semen samples were positive for PRRSV, and 17 of the 18 positive semen samples contained NADC30-like PRRSV. Phylogenetic analysis based on GP5 amino acids revealed that the novel NADC30-like PRRSV with a unique single amino acid deletion at position 34 has become widespread and has evolved into a new subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Fei Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng-Qian Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
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14
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Xie S, Liang W, Wang X, Chen H, Fan J, Song W, Hua L, Tang X, Chen H, Peng Z, Wu B. Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus 2 in mainland China, 2017-2018. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1621-1632. [PMID: 32409873 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV2) is a major threat to the global pig industry, particularly in China, the world's largest pig-rearing and pork-production country. Continuously monitoring the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of PRRSV epidemic strains is beneficial for prevention and control of infection. Previously, we reported the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of PRRSV2 in China from 2012 to 2016. Here, the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of PRRSV2 in China from 2017 to 2018 are reported. During these two years, we collected different types of porcine samples from 2428 pig farms in 27 provinces in China. Of the 7980 samples collected, 2080 (26.07%) were positive for PRRSV2 ORF5 by RT-PCR. The positive rate of PRRSV detection between different regions of China ranged from 8.12% to 29.33%, and from 7.96% to 55.50% between different months. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF5 gene revealed that the PRRSV2 strains currently circulating in China belong to five clades, and most of the PRRSVs detected are highly pathogenic PRRSVs (HP-PRRSVs; clade IV) and PRRSV NADC30-like strains (clade I). Sequence analysis revealed multiple amino acid mutation types, including amino acid changes and deletions in both the GP5 and Nsp2 proteins. The presence of these mutations may have an effect on the evolution of the virus by altering the viral titer and/or affecting the antibody response against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xibiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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15
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Luo X, Chen XX, Qiao S, Li R, Xie S, Zhou X, Deng R, Zhou EM, Zhang G. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Enhances Self-Replication via AP-1-Dependent Induction of SOCS1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:394-407. [PMID: 31826939 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused tremendous economic losses in the swine industry since its emergence in the late 1980s. PRRSV exploits various strategies to evade immune responses and establish chronic persistent infections. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1, a member of the SOCS family, is a crucial intracellular negative regulator of innate immunity. In this study, it was shown that SOCS1 can be co-opted by PRRSV to evade host immune responses, facilitating viral replication. It was observed that PRRSV induced SOCS1 production in porcine alveolar macrophages, monkey-derived Marc-145 cells, and porcine-derived CRL2843-CD163 cells. SOCS1 inhibited the expression of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes, thereby markedly enhancing PRRSV replication. It was observed that the PRRSV N protein has the ability to upregulate SOCS1 production and that nuclear localization signal-2 (NLS-2) is essential for SOCS1 induction. Moreover, SOCS1 upregulation was dependent on p38/AP-1 and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways rather than classical type I IFN signaling pathways. In summary, to our knowledge, the findings of this study uncovered the molecular mechanism that underlay SOCS1 induction during PRRSV infection, providing new insights into viral immune evasion and persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Sha Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; and
| | - En-Min Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China; .,Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; and.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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16
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Song Z, Bai J, Liu X, Nauwynck H, Wu J, Liu X, Jiang P. S100A9 regulates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by interacting with the viral nucleocapsid protein. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108498. [PMID: 31767072 PMCID: PMC7125916 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry worldwide over the last 30 years, yet the associated viral-host interactions remain poorly understood. S100A9 is a damage-associated molecular pattern of the S100 protein family. Here, we found that PRRSV infection stimulated S100A9 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and Marc-145 cells. S100A9 inhibited PRRSV replication via cellular Ca2+ dependent manner. The viral nucleocapsid (N) protein co-localized with S100A9 in the cytoplasm, and directly interacted at amino acid 78 of S100A9 and amino acids 36-37 of N protein. Moreover, we also found that the mutant S100A9 (E78Q) protein exhibited decreased antiviral activity against PRRSV compared with the parent S100A9. Recombinant PRRSV rBB (36/37) with two mutations in amino acid 36-37 in the N protein exhibited greater replication than the parent PRRSV BB0907 in S100A9-overexpressed PAM and Marc-145 cells. Thus, S100A9 may restrict PRRSV proliferation by interacting with the viral N protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
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17
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Molecular cloning of porcine 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein and its role in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:281-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Viral communities associated with porcine respiratory disease complex in intensive commercial farms in Sichuan province, China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13341. [PMID: 30190594 PMCID: PMC6127300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), a common piglet disease, causes substantive economic losses in pig farming. To investigate the viral diversity associated with PRDC, the viral communities in serum and nasal swabs from 26 PRDC-affected piglets were investigated using metagenomics. By deep sequencing and de novo assembly, 17 viruses were identified in two pooled libraries (16 viruses from serum, nine from nasal swabs). Porcine circovirus (PCV)-2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and pseudorabies virus, all commonly associated with PRDC, were identified in the two pooled samples by metagenomics, but most viruses comprised small linear and circular DNAs (e.g. parvoviruses, bocaviruses and circoviruses). PCR was used to compare the detection rates of each virus in the serum samples from 36 PRDC-affected piglets versus 38 location-matched clinically healthy controls. The average virus category per sample was 6.81 for the PRDC-affected piglets and 4.09 for the controls. Single or co-infections with PCV-2 or PRRSV had very high detection rates in the PRDC-affected piglets. Interestingly, porcine parvovirus (PPV)-2, PPV-3, PPV-6 and torque teno sus virus 1a were significantly associated with PRDC. These results illustrate the complexity of viral communities in the PRDC-affected piglets and highlight the candidate viruses associated with it.
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19
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A novel HRM assay for differentiating classical strains and highly pathogenic strains of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 39:25-32. [PMID: 29609038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of classical strains and highly pathogenic strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is crucial for effective vaccination programs and epidemiological studies. We used nested PCR and high resolution melting curve analysis with unlabeled probe to distinguish between the classical and the highly pathogenic strains of this virus. Two sets of primers and a 20 bp unlabeled probe were designed from the NSP3 gene. The unlabeled probe included two mutations specific for the classical and highly pathogenic strains of the virus. An additional primer set from the NSP2 gene of the highly pathogenic vaccine strain JXA1-R was used to detect its exclusive single nucleotide polymorphism. We tested 107 clinical samples, 21 clinical samples were positive for PRRSV (consistent with conventional PCR assay), among them four were positive for the classical strain with the remainder 17 for the highly pathogenic strain. Around 10 °C difference between probe melting temperatures showed the high discriminatory power of this method. Among highly pathogenic positive samples, three samples were determined as positive for JXA1-R vaccine-related strain with a 95% genotype confidence percentage. All these genotyping results using the high resolution melting curve assay were confirmed with DNA sequencing. This unlabeled probe method provides an alternative means to differentiate the classical strains from the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains rapidly and accurately.
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20
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Wang HM, Liu YG, Tang YD, Liu TX, Zheng LL, Wang TY, Liu SG, Wang G, Cai XH. A natural recombinant PRRSV between HP-PRRSV JXA1-like and NADC30-like strains. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.-M. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - Y.-G. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - Y.-D. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - T.-X. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - L.-L. Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - T.-Y. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - S.-G. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - G. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - X.-H. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
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21
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Sun YF, Zhou L, Bian T, Tian XX, Ren WK, Lu C, Zhang L, Li XL, Cui MS, Yang HC, Yu H. Efficacy evaluation of two commercial modified-live virus vaccines against a novel recombinant type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29519513 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causing clinical disease outbreaks has been recently reported in China. The recombination occurring among PRRSV strains could lead to the emergence of novel and more virulent viruses. In our previous study, a novel recombinant type 2 PRRSV (TJnh1501) between NADC30-like and modified-live virus (MLV)-like derived from the Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV was shown to have higher pathogenicity than NADC30-like PRRSV. It remains unknown whether the emergence of the novel recombinant PRRSV strain can lead to variable protection efficacy of the MLV vaccines. In this paper, two typical commercial MLV vaccines were used to evaluate their efficacy to block TJnh1501 infection and onset of clinical symptoms. Our results showed that both MLV vaccines could shorten the period of fever and reduce viral loads in sera, but were not able to reduce the clinical signs and lung lesions indicating that the two commercial MLV vaccines provide limited cross-protection efficacy against the novel recombinant type 2 PRRSV infection. This study gives valuable suggestions for the use of MLV vaccines to control PRRSV infection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Bian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang-Xue Tian
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Wei-Ke Ren
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiu-Li Li
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Cui
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Han-Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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22
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Wang HM, Liu TX, Wang TY, Wang G, Liu YG, Liu SG, Tang YD, Cai XH. Isobavachalcone inhibits post-entry stages of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus life cycle. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1263-1270. [PMID: 29411137 PMCID: PMC7086980 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a pathogen of great economic significance that impacts the swine industry globally. Since the first report of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) outbreak, tremendous efforts to control this disease, including various national policies and plans incorporating the use of multiple modified live-virus vaccines, have been made. However, PRRSV is still a significant threat to the swine industry, and new variants continually emerge as a result of PRRSV evolution. Several studies have shown that pandemic PRRSV strains have enormous genetic diversity and that commercial vaccines can only provide partial protection against these strains. Therefore, effective anti-PRRSV drugs may be more suitable and reliable for PRRSV control. In this study, we observed that isobavachalcone (IBC), which was first isolated from Psoralea corylifolia, had potent anti-PRRSV activity in vitro. Although many biological activities of IBC have been reported, this is the first report describing the antiviral activity of IBC. Furthermore, after a systematic investigation, we demonstrated that IBC inhibits PRRSV replication at the post-entry stage of PRRSV infection. Thus, IBC may be a candidate for further evaluation as a therapeutic agent against PRRSV infection of swine in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tian-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tong-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yong-Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Si-Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
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23
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Guo Z, Chen XX, Li R, Qiao S, Zhang G. The prevalent status and genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China: a molecular epidemiological perspective. Virol J 2018; 15:2. [PMID: 29301547 PMCID: PMC5753475 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been epidemic more than 30 years in America and 20 years in China. It is still one of the most important causative agents to the worldwide swine industry. Here, we systematically analyzed the prevalence status of PRRSV in China by a molecular epidemiological perspective. Now both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 are circulating and approximately more than 80% of pig farms are seropositive for PRRSV. For PRRSV-2, there are four lineages (lineage 1, lineage 3, lineage 5, lineage 8) circulating in the fields. Lineage 8 (CH-1a-like) and lineage 5 (BJ-4-like) appeared almost at the same time during 1995-1996. Notably, BJ-4 shares 99.6% and 99.8% identity with VR2332 and RespPRRS MLV, respectively. It means that lineage 5 is likely to be imported from America. Now highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) which was considered to be evolved from local diversity of lineage 8 strains is predominant with different variants. Lineage 3 appeared in 2010 which is mainly sporadic in south of China. Lineage 1, also known as NADC30-like strains in China, has been prevalent since 2013 and leads to PRRS pandemic again. For PRRSV-1, although sporadic at present, more than 9 provinces/regions have been reported. All the circulating strains belong to subtype I. It should be paid more attention since there are no vaccines available. Our analysis would help to deeply understand the prevalent status of PRRSV in China and provide useful information for prevention and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
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24
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Zhao M, Wan B, Li H, He J, Chen X, Wang L, Wang Y, Xie S, Qiao S, Zhang G. Porcine 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in vitro. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:14-21. [PMID: 28804020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is acknowledged a fulminating infectious pathogen affecting the pig farming industry, and current vaccines and drugs could hardly inhibit this virus. The 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OASs) have antiviral activities, but the role(s) played by porcine OAS2 in protection against PRRSV infection are unknown. Here we found that endogenous expression of the porcine OAS2 gene could be promoted by interferon (IFN)-beta or PRRSV infection in porcine alveolar macrophages. Knockdown of porcine OAS2 led to increases in PRRSV replication, and OAS2 expression suppressed replication of PRRSV in a retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-dependent manner, anti-PRRSV activity of porcine OAS2 would be lost if RNase L and OAS2 were both silenced. This discovery illustrates a pathway that porcine OAS2 responses to host anti-PRRSV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian He
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Gao JC, Xiong JY, Ye C, Chang XB, Guo JC, Jiang CG, Zhang GH, Tian ZJ, Cai XH, Tong GZ, An TQ. Genotypic and geographical distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in mainland China in 1996-2016. Vet Microbiol 2017; 208:164-172. [PMID: 28888632 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused huge economic losses to Chinese swine industry and remains a major threat since it was first reported in 1996. However, investigations of molecular epidemiological and genetic diversity of PRRS viruses (PRRSVs) in China were limited to a small number of representative strains collected in several areas. Moreover, lineage classifications reported by individual researchers were quite different. In the present study, we sequenced ORF5 sequences of 217 PRRSVs from clinical samples, retrieved all the available ORF5 sequences of PRRSVs isolated in China in 1996-2016 (n=2213) from GenBank, and systematically analyzed corresponding epidemiological data. NA-type PRRSVs in China were classified into five lineages: lineage 1, lineage 3, lineage 5, lineage 8, and lineage 9. Most strains in China belonged to lineage 8 (85.6%), with dominant strains being classified as sublineage 8.3 (78.3%). Importantly, the emerging lineage 1 and lineage 3 strains spread rapidly, and their proportions among circulating PRRSVs have significantly increased in recent years. The geographical distribution of different PRRSV lineages in each province was analyzed and possible inter-province transmission routes were outlined for main lineages and sublineages. To our knowledge, this study is the most comprehensive and extensive phylogeographical analysis of PRRSVs in China since PRRS outbreak in 1996. Our dataset can serve as a canonical standard for PRRSV classification and will help to study genetic evolution of PRRSV. The results of the present study may also improve prevention of PRRS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jun-Yao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jin-Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Gui-Hong Zhang
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tong-Qing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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