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Wei YF, Li X, Zhao MR, Liu S, Min L, Zhu ST, Zhang ST, Xie SA. Helicobacter pylori disrupts gastric mucosal homeostasis by stimulating macrophages to secrete CCL3. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:263. [PMID: 38730482 PMCID: PMC11084090 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the predominant etiological agent of gastritis and disrupts the integrity of the gastric mucosal barrier through various pathogenic mechanisms. After H. pylori invades the gastric mucosa, it interacts with immune cells in the lamina propria. Macrophages are central players in the inflammatory response, and H. pylori stimulates them to secrete a variety of inflammatory factors, leading to the chronic damage of the gastric mucosa. Therefore, the study aims to explore the mechanism of gastric mucosal injury caused by inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages, which may provide a new mechanism for the development of H. pylori-related gastritis. METHODS The expression and secretion of CCL3 from H. pylori infected macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot and ELISA. The effect of H. pylori-infected macrophage culture medium and CCL3 on gastric epithelial cells tight junctions were analyzed by Western blot, immunofluorescence and transepithelial electrical resistance. EdU and apoptotic flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to study CCL3 transcription factors. Finally, gastric mucosal tissue inflammation and CCL3 expression were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS After H. pylori infection, CCL3 expressed and secreted from macrophages were increased. H. pylori-infected macrophage culture medium and CCL3 disrupted gastric epithelial cells tight junctions, while CCL3 neutralizing antibody and receptor inhibitor of CCL3 improved the disruption of tight junctions between cells. In addition, H. pylori-infected macrophage culture medium and CCL3 recombinant proteins stimulated P38 phosphorylation, and P38 phosphorylation inhibitor improved the disruption of tight junctions between cells. Besides, it was identified that STAT1 was a transcription factor of CCL3 and H. pylori stimulated macrophage to secret CCL3 through the JAK1-STAT1 pathway. Finally, after mice were injected with murine CCL3 recombinant protein, the gastric mucosal injury and inflammation were aggravated, and the phosphorylation level of P38 was increased. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings demonstrate that H. pylori infection stimulates macrophages to secrete CCL3 via the JAK1-STAT1 pathway. Subsequently, CCL3 damages gastric epithelial tight junctions through the phosphorylation of P38. This may be a novel mechanism of gastric mucosal injury in H. pylori-associated gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Meng-Ran Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Si-An Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wei YF, Xie SA, Zhang ST. Current research on the interaction between Helicobacter pylori and macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:497. [PMID: 38598010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacteria with a worldwide infection rate of 50%, known to induce gastritis, ulcers and gastric cancer. The interplay between H. pylori and immune cells within the gastric mucosa is pivotal in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-related disease. Following H. pylori infection, there is an observed increase in gastric mucosal macrophages, which are associated with the progression of gastritis. H. pylori elicits macrophage polarization, releases cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) to promote inflammatory response and eliminate H. pylori. Meanwhile, H. pylori has developed mechanisms to evade the host immune response in order to maintain the persistent infection, including interference with macrophage phagocytosis and antigen presentation, as well as induction of macrophage apoptosis. Consequently, the interaction between H. pylori and macrophages can significantly impact the progression, pathogenesis, and resolution of H. pylori infection. Moreover, macrophages are emerging as potential therapeutic targets for H. pylori-associated gastritis. Therefore, elucidating the involvement of macrophages in H. pylori infection may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis, progression, and management of H. pylori-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Si-An Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Digestive Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Li H, Li H, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Cui H, Wang H, Zhao X, Chen X, Cheng H, Xu J, Ding Z. Molecular characterization and expression patterns of CXCL8 gene from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and its chemotactic effects on macrophages and neutrophils. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104658. [PMID: 36758661 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CXCL8 is a typical CXC-type chemokine, which mediates the migration of immune cells from blood vessels to the site of inflammation or injury to clear pathogenic microorganisms and repair damaged tissues. In this study, Megalobrama amblycephala CXCL8 (MaCXCL8) gene was identified and characterized. Sequence analysis showed that the deduced MaCXCL8 protein possessed the typical structure of CXCL8 from other species, with the characteristic CXC cysteine residues in the N-terminal and accompanied by a DLR motif (Asp-Leu-Arg motif). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaCXCL8 was homologous to that of Ctenopharyngodon idella and other cyprinid fishes. MaCXCL8 gene was expressed in all detected healthy tissues, with the highest expression levels in the spleen, and its expression was significantly up-regulated upon the challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) both in juvenile M. amblycephala tissues and primary macrophages. The immunohistochemical assay showed that MaCXCL8 was mainly distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and its expression levels increased observably with the prolongation of bacterial infection. In addition, recombinant MaCXCL8 protein exhibited significant chemotactic effects on neutrophils and macrophages. In conclusion, MaCXCL8 is involved in the immune response of M. amblycephala, and these findings will be helpful to understand the biological roles of MaCXCL8 and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of fish bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Li
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hong Li
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Hunan, 410153, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yancui Zheng
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hujun Cui
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Haotong Wang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Institute, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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Yang H, Mou Y, Hu B. Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12938. [PMID: 36436202 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) can persistently colonize on the gastric mucosa after infection and cause gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia, and even gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Therefore, the detection and eradication of H. pylori are the prerequisite. RESULTS Clinically, there are some controversial issues, such as why H. pylori infection is persistent, why it translocases along with the lesser curvature of the stomach, why there is oxyntic antralization, what the immunological characteristic of gastric chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori is, whether H. pylori infection is associated with extra-gastric diseases, whether chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is reversible, and what the potential problems are after H. pylori eradication. What are the possible answers? CONCLUSION In the review, we will discuss these issues from the attachment to eradication in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Mou
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Atrisco-Morales J, Ramírez M, Castañón-Sánchez CA, Román-Román A, Román-Fernández IV, Martínez-Carrillo DN, García-Arellano S, Muñoz-Valle JF, Rodríguez-Ruiz HA, Fernández-Tilapa G. In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Helicobacter pylori Induces the Secretion of Soluble and Exosomal Cytokines Related to Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158801. [PMID: 35955936 PMCID: PMC9368997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori promotes the secretion of cytokines that regulate inflammation and carcinogenesis. Immune cells secrete cytokines into the extracellular medium or packaged in exosomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the profile of soluble and exosomal cytokines that were secreted by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that were infected with H. pylori and to build a network of interaction between cytokines and cellular proteins. PBMCs were obtained by density gradient centrifugation and infected with H. pylori for 24 h. The infection was verified by immunofluorescence and Western blot for CagA. The exosomes were obtained from culture supernatant by ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and Western blot for CD9 and CD81. Cytokines were quantified using a multiplex immunoassay in the culture supernatant, intact exosomes, and lysed exosomes. H. pylori adheres to lymphocytes and translocates CagA. In PBMCs, H. pylori induces an increase in the soluble and exosomal IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network shows that soluble and exosomal cytokines interact with proteins that participate in signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Jak-STAT, FoxO, and mTOR, that are related to carcinogenesis; moreover, TNF-α had the highest number of interactions. Cytokine-loaded exosomes represent another means of intercellular communication that is activated by H. pylori to stimulate inflammation, carcinogenesis, or cancer progression. Cytokine-loaded exosomes are likely to be associated with extragastrointestinal diseases of inflammatory origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Atrisco-Morales
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Guerrero, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ramírez
- CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Castañón-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec 71256, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Román-Román
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Ilce Valeria Román-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Dinorah Nashely Martínez-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Guerrero, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Guerrero, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Guerrero, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Li X, Tan Z. Basic Traditional Chinese Medicinal Compound for Adjuvant Treatment of Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastritis: Implication for Anti- H. pylori-Related Gastritis Drug Discovery. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the adjuvant treatment of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis (HPAG) and exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the action of the basic TCM compounds against HPAG. Eight representative Chinese and British databases were combed for pertinent literature. In light of the basic principle of evidence-based medicine, this work rigorously stuck to the inclusion and exclusion of criteria so as to plump for qualified articles. Also, the data mining method was adopted to help determine the basic TCM compound for HPAG treatment. Furthermore, a network pharmacology-based strategy was used to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the basic TCM compound against HPAG. Ultimately, molecular docking was used for preliminary verification. TCM combined with triple or quadruple therapy against HPAG possessed more advantages in improving the total effective rate and H. pylori eradication rate than triple or quadruple therapy alone. The basic TCM plant materials against HPAG consisted of Citrus reticulata Blanco, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit, Coptis chinensis Franch, and Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. Quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, baicalein, nobiletin, and hederagenin were determined as the key active ingredients of the basic TCM preparation against HPAG. Moreover, these ingredients played a therapeutic role by acting on AKT1, TP53, interleukin (IL)-6, VEGFA, CASP3, MAPK3, JUN, TNF, and MAPK8 via Pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking indicated that the key ingredients could bind stably with the core targets. The efficacy of the TCM in the adjuvant treatment of HPAG is worthy of affirmation. Compatible use of the key ingredients of the basic TCM compound is a novel idea of drug research with profound clinical significance and research value in the development of anti- H. pylori drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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7
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Song S, Zhou J, Li Y, Liu J, Li J, Shu P. Network pharmacology and experimental verification based research into the effect and mechanism of Aucklandiae Radix-Amomi Fructus against gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9401. [PMID: 35672352 PMCID: PMC9174187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of the Aucklandiae Radix–Amomi Fructus (AR–AF) herb pair in treating gastric cancer (GC) by using network pharmacology and experimental verification. Using the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), the major active components and their corresponding targets were estimated and screened out. Using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, a visual network was established using the active components of AR–AF and the targets of GC. Based on STRING online database, the protein interaction network of vital targets was built and analyzed. With the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server, the gene ontology (GO) biological processes and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways of the target enrichment were performed. AutoDock Vina was used to perform molecular docking and calculate the binding affinity. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the hub targets were analyzed by the Oncomine, GEPIA, HPA databases and TIMER online tool, and the predicted targets were verified by qRT–PCR in vitro. Eremanthin, cynaropicrin, and aceteugenol were identified as vital active compounds, and AKT1, MAPK3, IL6, MAPK1, as well as EGFR were considered as the major targets. These targets exerted therapeutic effects on GC by regulating the cAMP signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking revealed that these active compounds and targets showed good binding interactions. The validation in different databases showed that most of the results were consistent with this paper. The experimental results confirmed that eremanthin could inhibit the proliferation of AGS by reducing the mRNA expression of hub targets. As predicted by network pharmacology and validated by the experimental results, AR–AF exerts antitumor effects through multiple components, targets, and pathways, thereby providing novel ideas and clues for the development of preparations and the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiatong Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingzhan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. .,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Yang H, Hu B. Immunological Perspective: Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastritis. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2944156. [PMID: 35300405 PMCID: PMC8923794 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2944156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative bacterium. Its infection is mainly transmitted via oral-oral and fecal-oral routes usually during early childhood. It can achieve persistent colonization by manipulating the host immune responses, which also causes mucosal damage and inflammation. H. pylori gastritis is an infectious disease and results in chronic gastritis of different severity in near all patients with infection. It may develop from acute/chronic inflammation, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and intraepithelial neoplasia, eventually to gastric cancer. This review attempts to cover recent studies which provide important insights into how H. pylori causes chronic inflammation and what the characteristic is, which will immunologically explain H. pylori gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Analysis of Innate Immune Responses to Helicobacter pylori. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2283:191-214. [PMID: 33765319 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1302-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent in the human population, yet relatively few infected individuals progress to severe forms of disease, such as peptic ulcers and stomach cancer. The severity of disease outcomes to H. pylori infection is, in large part, determined by inflammatory and cellular responses within the gastric niche that, in turn, are the product of various host, bacterial, and environmental factors. It is now clear that the innate immune system, representing the first line of host defense against infection and other foreign aggressions, is critical to the initiation of the immune responses and inflammation observed in H. pylori infection. We propose that by investigating the activation of innate immune signaling pathways and downstream responses, it is possible to better understand the link between Helicobacter infection and the development of severe disease. Here, we describe tools that have been developed to investigate host innate immune responses to Helicobacter infection.
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10
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He H, Liu J, Li L, Qian G, Hao D, Li M, Zhang Y, Hong X, Xu J, Yan D. Helicobacter pylori CagA Interacts with SHP-1 to Suppress the Immune Response by Targeting TRAF6 for K63-Linked Ubiquitination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1161-1170. [PMID: 33568397 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the major etiological agent for most gastric cancer. CagA has been reported to be an important virulence factor of H. pylori, but its effect on the immune response is not yet clear. In this study, wild-type C57BL/6 mice and Ptpn6me-v/me-v mice were randomly assigned for infection with H. pylori We demonstrated that CagA suppressed H. pylori-stimulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo. Besides, we infected mouse peritoneal macrophages RAW264.7 and AGS with H. pylori Our results showed that CagA suppressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines through inhibiting the MAPKs and NF-κB pathways activation in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that CagA interacted with the host cellular tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which facilitated the recruitment of SHP-1 to TRAF6 and inhibited the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6, which obstructed the transmission of signal downstream. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which CagA negatively regulates the posttranslational modification of TRAF6 in innate antibacterial immune response and provide molecular basis for new therapeutics to treat microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liuyan Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gui Qian
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Doudou Hao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Manman Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Hong
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yin H, Chu A, Liu S, Yuan Y, Gong Y. Identification of DEGs and transcription factors involved in H. pylori-associated inflammation and their relevance with gastric cancer. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9223. [PMID: 32547867 PMCID: PMC7275685 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have indicated that chronic inflammation linked to H. pylori infection is the leading causes for gastric cancer (GC). However, the exact mechanism is not entirely clear until now. Purpose To identify the key molecules and TFs involved in H. pylori infection and to provide new insights into H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis and lay the groundwork for the prevention of GC. Results GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs of Hp+-NAG were mainly associated with the immune response, chemokine activity, extracellular region and rheumatoid arthritis pathway. The DEGs of Hp+-AG-IM were related to the apical plasma membrane, intestinal cholesterol absorption, transporter activity and fat digestion and absorption pathway. In Hp+-NAG network, the expression of TNF, CXCL8, MMP9, CXCL9, CXCL1, CCL20, CTLA4, CXCL2, C3, SAA1 and FOXP3, JUN had statistical significance between normal and cancer in TCGA database. In Hp+-AG-IM network the expression of APOA4, GCG, CYP3A4, XPNPEP2 and FOXP3, JUN were statistically different in the comparison of normal and cancer in TCGA database. FOXP3 were negatively associated with overall survival, and the association for JUN was positive. Conclusion The current study identified key DEGs and their transcriptional regulatory networks involved in H. pylori-associated NAG, AG-IM and GC and found that patients with higher expressed FOXP3 or lower expressed JUN had shorter overall survival time. Our study provided new directions for inflammation-associated oncogenic transformation involved in H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Yin
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China
| | - Aining Chu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China
| | - Songyi Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection is a critical factor in the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Central to this inflammation is the initiation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades within epithelial cells, in particular those mediated by two sensors of bacterial cell wall components, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) and alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1). H pylori is, however, also highly adept at mitigating inflammation in the host, thereby restricting tissue damage and favoring bacterial persistence. H pylori modulates host immune responses by altering cytokine signaling in epithelial and myeloid cells, which results in increased proliferation of regulatory T cells and downregulation of effector T-cell responses. H pylori vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) has been shown to play an important role in the dampening of immune responses and induction of immune tolerance capable of protecting against asthma. It is also possible to generate protective immune responses by immunization with various H pylori antigens or their epitopes, in combination with an adjuvant, though this for now has only been shown in mouse models. Novel non-toxic adjuvants, consisting of modified bacterial enterotoxins or nanoparticles, have recently been developed that may not only enhance vaccine efficacy, but also help translate candidate vaccines to the clinic. This review will summarize the main discoveries in the past year regarding host immune responses to H pylori infection, as well as the design of new vaccine approaches against this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lehours
- INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedical Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Caston RR, Loh JT, Voss BJ, McDonald WH, Scholz MB, McClain MS, Cover TL. Effect of environmental salt concentration on the Helicobacter pylori exoproteome. J Proteomics 2019; 202:103374. [PMID: 31063819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection and a high salt diet are each risk factors for gastric cancer. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that environmental salt concentration influences the composition of the H. pylori exoproteome. H. pylori was cultured in media containing varying concentrations of sodium chloride, and aliquots were fractionated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified proteins that were selectively released into the extracellular space, and we identified selectively released proteins that were differentially abundant in culture supernatants, depending on the environmental salt concentration. We also used RNA-seq analysis to identify genes that were differentially expressed in response to environmental salt concentration. The salt-responsive proteins identified by proteomic analysis and salt-responsive genes identified by RNA-seq analysis were mostly non-concordant, but the secreted toxin VacA was salt-responsive in both analyses. Western blot analysis confirmed that VacA levels in the culture supernatant were increased in response to high salt conditions, and quantitative RT-qPCR experiments confirmed that vacA transcription was upregulated in response to high salt conditions. These results indicate that environmental salt concentration influences the composition of the H. pylori exoproteome, which could contribute to the increased risk of gastric cancer associated with a high salt diet. SIGNIFICANCE: Helicobacter pylori-induced alterations in the gastric mucosa have been attributed, at least in part, to the actions of secreted H. pylori proteins. In this study, we show that H. pylori growth in high salt concentrations leads to increased levels of a secreted VacA toxin. Salt-induced alterations in the composition of the H. pylori exoproteome is relevant to the increased risk of gastric cancer associated with consumption of a high salt diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda R Caston
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John T Loh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley J Voss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Proteomics Laboratory, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew B Scholz
- Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genetics (VANTAGE), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark S McClain
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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