Sodium butyrate alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis in mice through inhibiting inflammatory response

Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity

The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, propionate and acetate are microbial metabolites and their availability in the gut and other organs is determined by environmental factors, such as diet and use of antibiotics, that shape the diversity and metabolism of the microbiota. SCFAs regulate epithelial barrier function as well as mucosal and systemic immunity via evolutionary conserved processes that involve G protein-coupled receptor signalling or histone deacetylase activity. Indicatively, the anti-inflammatory role of butyrate is mediated through direct effects on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, phagocytes, B cells and plasma cells, and regulatory and effector T cells. Intestinally derived SCFAs also directly and indirectly affect immunity at extra-intestinal sites, such as the liver, the lungs, the reproductive tract and the brain, and have been implicated in a range of disorders, including infections, intestinal inflammation, autoimmunity, food allergies, asthma and responses to cancer therapies. An ecological understanding of microbial communities and their interrelated metabolic states, as well as the engineering of butyrogenic bacteria may support SCFA-focused interventions for the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.

Protective effect of Timosaponin AIII on Escherichia coli-induced endometritis in mice through inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating uterine microbiota structure

Endometritis is a sort of general reproductive disease, which can lead to infertility in both humans and animals. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is recognised as the main bacterial etiology of endometritis among livestock and causes huge economic losses to dairy farming industry. Antibiotics are frequently used in the clinical treatment of endometritis; nevertheless, long-term use may result in adverse effects, including bacterial resistance and food safety concerns. TSAIII, one of the active pharmacological components of A. asphodeloides, has exhibited multiple biological activities, including anticancer, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of TSAIII in E. coli-challenged endometritis remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the role of TSAIII in E. coli-induced endometritis in mice and elucidate its specific molecular mechanisms. In the present research, TSAIII treatment markedly alleviated the E. coli-induced uterine histopathological injury, and decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in uterine tissue. Our results further demonstrated that TSAIII improved uterine epithelial barrier function by restoring the expressions of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, TSAIII administration noticeably suppressed the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Importantly, we found that TSAIII could regulate the uterine microbiota structure and composition in E. coli-induced mouse endometritis. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that treatment with TSAIII protects against E. coli-induced endometritis via modulating uterine microbiota composition, inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, in addition to improving uterine epithelial barrier function. Therefore, the results of this study provide a new therapeutic to potentially prevent endometritis.

Platelet rich plasma alleviates endometritis induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND

Endometritis is an inflammatory reaction of the lining of uterus, leading to the occurrence of infertility. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been proven to exhibit extremely effective for the treatment of endometrium-associated infertility, but the mechanism of its prevention for endometritis remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of PRP against endometritis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and elucidate the mechanism underlying these effects.

METHODS

Mouse model of endometritis was established by intrauterine perfusion of LPS. PRP intrauterine infusion was administered at 24 h after LPS induction. After another 24 h, the uterine tissues were harvested to observe histopathological changes, production of proinflammatory cytokines, variation of the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathways, and validated the anti-inflammatory effect of PRP. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and concentration of nitric oxide (NO) were determined using assay kit. Proinflammatory chemokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) were measured by ELISA and Real-Time PCR. The activity of TLR4/NF-κB pathway in uterine tissues was measured by Western blotting.

RESULTS

Hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) appeared that PRP remarkably relieved the impairment of uterine tissues. Detection of MPO activity and concentration of NO revealed that PRP treatment distinctly mitigated infiltration of inflammatory cells in mice with endometritis induced by LPS. PRP treatment significantly affected the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. PRP was also found to suppress LPS-induced activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

CONCLUSION

PRP effectively alleviates LPS-induced endometritis via restraining the signal pathway of TLR4/NF-κB. These findings provide a solid foundation for PRP as a potential therapeutic agent for endometritis.

Identification of histone deacetylase inhibitors as neutrophil recruitment modulators in zebrafish using a chemical library screen

Tissue injury-induced neutrophil recruitment is a prerequisite for the initiation and amplification of inflammatory responses. Although multiple proteases and enzymes involved in post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins regulate leukocyte recruitment, an unbiased functional screen of enzymes regulating inflammatory leukocyte recruitment has yet to be undertaken. Here, using a zebrafish tail fin amputation (TFA) model to screen a chemical library consisting of 295 compounds that target proteases and PTM enzymes, we identified multiple histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that modulate inflammatory neutrophil recruitment. AR-42, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, was shown to inhibit neutrophil recruitment in three different zebrafish sterile tissue injury models: a TFA model, a copper-induced neuromast damage and mechanical otic vesicle injury (MOVI) model, and a sterile murine peritonitis model. RNA sequencing analysis of AR-42-treated fish embryos revealed downregulation of neutrophil-associated cytokines/chemokines, and exogenous supplementation with recombinant human IL-1β and CXCL8 partially restored the defective neutrophil recruitment in AR-42-treated MOVI model fish embryos. We thus demonstrate that AR-42 non-cell-autonomously modulates neutrophil recruitment by suppressing transcriptional expression of cytokines/chemokines, thereby identifying AR-42 as a promising anti-inflammatory drug for treating sterile tissue injury-associated diseases.

Microbiota metabolites in the female reproductive system: Focused on the short-chain fatty acids

Several disorders have been linked to modifications in the gut microbial imbalance, intestinal epithelium, and host immune system. In this regard, microbiota derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key function in the regulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs), which affect modulation of immunity and regulation of inflammatory responses in the intestine and other organs. Studies examining the metabolites produced by polymicrobial bacterial vaginosis (BV) states and Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota have noted a dramatic reduction of lactic acid and a shift toward SCFA synthesis. Along with higher levels of SCFAs, acetate is typically the main metabolite in the cervicovaginal fluid of women with symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. The fact that SCFAs made by the vaginal microbiota have been shown to exhibit antibacterial and immune-modulating properties suggests that they may have promise as indicators of disease and/or disease susceptibility. In this review, we overview and summarize the current findings on the detrimental or protective roles of microbiota metabolites especially SCFAs in the health and disease of the female reproductive system.

Protective effects of chicoric acid on LPS-induced endometritis in mice via inhibiting ferroptosis by Nrf2/HO-1 signal axis

Chicoric acid (CA), a natural phenolic acid extracted from Mediterranean vegetable chicory, has anti-oxidative effect. We aimed to investigate the effects of CA on endometritis and clarify the underlying mechanism. C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: control group, LPS group, and LPS + CA groups. All mice except control group were infused of LPS into the uterus. The mice of LPS + CA groups were intraperitoneally injected CA 1 h before LPS challenge. CA significantly alleviatedLPS-induced pathological damage, MPO activity, and inflammatory cytokine production. CA significantly suppressed ferroptosis in LPS-induced endometritis. CA also attenuated LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, Nrf2 and HO-1 expression were increased by CA. Moreover, the inhibition of CA on LPS-induced endometritis and ferroptosis were markedly prevented in Nrf2 knockdown mice. In conclusion, the results suggested CA protected mice against LPS-induced endometritisthrough inhibiting ferroptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

The Combined Use of Medium- and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Improves the Pregnancy Outcomes of Sows by Enhancing Ovarian Steroidogenesis and Endometrial Receptivity

Fatty acids play important roles in maintaining ovarian steroidogenesis and endometrial receptivity. Porcine primary ovarian granulosa cells (PGCs) and endometrial epithelial cells (PEECs) were treated with or without medium- and short-chain fatty acids (MSFAs) for 24 h. The mRNA abundance of genes was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The hormone levels in the PGCs supernatant and the rate of adhesion of porcine trophoblast cells (pTrs) to PEECs were measured. Sows were fed diets with or without MSFAs supplementation during early gestation. The fecal and vaginal microbiomes were identified using 16S sequencing. Reproductive performance was recorded at parturition. MSFAs increased the mRNA abundance of genes involved in steroidogenesis, luteinization in PGCs and endometrial receptivity in PEECs (p < 0.05). The estrogen level in the PGC supernatant and the rate of adhesion increased (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MSFAs increased serum estrogen levels and the total number of live piglets per litter (p < 0.01). Moreover, MSFAs reduced the fecal Trueperella abundance and vaginal Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 abundance. These data revealed that MSFAs improved pregnancy outcomes in sows by enhancing ovarian steroidogenesis and endometrial receptivity while limiting the abundance of several intestinal and vaginal pathogens at early stages of pregnancy.

Inhibition of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation by Cl-Amidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis and Uterine Tissue Damage

Endometritis is a common disease that affects the production in dairy cows and leads to severe losses in the dairy industry. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation promotes pathogenic invasions of the lumen of the tissue, leading to inflammatory diseases such as mastitis, pancreatitis, and septic infection. However, research that could show the relationship between NETs and endometritis is scarce. Cl-amidine has been shown to ameliorate the disease squealing and clinical manifestation in various disease models. In this study, we investigated the role of NETs in LPS-triggered endometritis in rats and evaluated the therapeutic efficiency of Cl-amidine. An LPS-induced endometritis model in rats was established and found that the formation of NETs can be detected in the rat's uterine tissues in vivo. In addition, Cl-amidine treatment can inhibit NETs construction in LPS-induced endometritis in rats. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay indicated that Cl-amidine treatment remarkably alleviated the inflammatory cell infiltrations and attenuated the damage to the uterine tissue. The Western blot results indicated that Cl-amidine decreased the expression of citrullinated Histone H3 (Cit-H3) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) protein in LPS-induced rat endometritis. The ELISA test indicated that Cl-amidine treatment significantly inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The NETs were determined by Quant-iTTMPicoGreen dsDNA kit®, which indicated that Cl-amidine significantly inhibited the NETs in rat serum. All results showed that Cl-amidine effectively reduced the expression of Cit-H3 and HMGB1 proteins by inhibiting the formation of NETs, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response to LPS-induced endometritis in rats. Hence, Cl-amidine could be a potential candidate for the treatment of endometritis.

Sodium butyrate alleviates LPS-induced kidney injury via inhibiting TLR2/4 to regulate rBD2 expression

Defensins represent an integral part of the innate immune system to ward off potential pathogens. The study used a rat model to investigate mechanisms by which sodium butyrate (NaB) regulates β-defensin to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nephrotoxicity. We found that NaB alleviated LPS-induced renal structural damage, as judged by reduced renal lesions and improved glomerular vascular structure. In addition, elevated levels of indicators of kidney damage creatinine and blood urine nitrogen, inflammatory mediators TNF-α, and IL-6 dropped after NaB administration. Rat β-defensin 2 (rBD2), as estimated by mRNA level, was significantly higher in LPS-treated kidneys, whereas the changes of rBD2 reduced in NaB-treated kidneys. In addition, NaB alleviated LPS-induced increase in TLRs mRNA expression. Mechanistically, the present study indicates that NaB has nephroprotective activity resulting from modulation of TLR2/4 to regulate rBD2 expression hence curbing inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In practice, adding NaB to diet can improve animal performance. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation of NaB increases animal feed intake and improves the body's defense ability to relieve inflammation caused by bacteria. Especially in the age of resistance prohibition, sodium butyrate can partially replace antibiotics to induce the expression of body defensin. It may become a health care product to enhance the body's immunity.

Nrf2/HO-1 pathway is involved the anti-inflammatory action of intrauterine infusion of platelet-rich plasma against lipopolysaccharides in endometritis

OBJECTIVE(S)

Endometritis is the inflammatory response of the uterine lining which is linked to infertility. Administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) represents a well-recommended strategy for the treatment of endometrium-associated infertility. In this study, we set to characterize the role and molecular mechanism of PRP intrauterine infusion in mice with endometritis.

METHODS

A mouse model of endometritis was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mouse endometrial epithelial cells were obtained in primary culture. PRP-treated cells were assayed for proliferative and apoptotic activities. Moreover, iNOS expression and chemokine and inflammatory factor contents in cells were assessed using RT-qPCR and ELISA. The mice were subjected to PRP intrauterine infusion. The expression of genes related to uterine development was analyzed by qPCR and the ki-67 content and caspase-3 activation in endometrial tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activity in tissues was examined by Western blot.

RESULTS

LPS induced inflammatory cell recruitment and tissue damage in the endometrium of mice, along with significantly increased levels of inflammatory and chemokine factors. PRP significantly enhanced endometrial epithelial cell activity, decreased apoptosis, and reduced inflammatory factor secretion. In addition, PRP intrauterine infusion significantly increased the expression of genes related to uterine development, promoted tissue proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and diminished inflammatory response in endometrial tissues of mice. PRP intrauterine infusion significantly elevated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activity in endometrial epithelial cells and tissues.

CONCLUSION

PRP intrauterine infusion significantly inhibited endometrial cell injury and alleviated the inflammatory response through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Ginsenoside Rb1 Mitigates Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis through TLR4-Mediated NF-κB Pathway

Endometritis is the inflammatory response of the endometrial lining of the uterus and is associated with low conception rates, early embryonic mortality, and prolonged inter-calving intervals, and thus poses huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GnRb1) is a natural compound obtained from the roots of Panax ginseng, having several pharmacological and biological properties. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of GnRb1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged endometritis through the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway has not yet been researched. This study was planned to evaluate the mechanisms of how GnRb1 rescues LPS-induced endometritis. In the present research, histopathological findings revealed that GnRb1 ameliorated LPS-triggered uterine injury. The ELISA and RT-qPCR assay findings indicated that GnRb1 suppressed the expression level of pro-inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and boosted the level of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine. Furthermore, the molecular study suggested that GnRb1 attenuated TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling. The results demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of GnRb1 in the mouse model of LPS-triggered endometritis via the inhibition of the TLR4-associated NF-κB pathway. Taken together, this study provides a baseline for the protective effect of GnRb1 to treat endometritis in both humans and animals.

Preclinical and clinical progress for HDAC as a putative target for epigenetic remodeling and functionality of immune cells

Genetic changes are difficult to reverse; thus, epigenetic aberrations, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, with potential reversibility, have attracted attention as pharmaceutical targets. The current paradigm is that histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene expression via deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins or by forming corepressor complexes with transcription factors. The emergence of epigenetic tools related to HDACs can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic markers. HDAC inhibitors that block specific or a series of HDACs have proven to be a powerful therapeutic treatment for immune-related diseases. Here, we summarize the various roles of HDACs and HDAC inhibitors in the development and function of innate and adaptive immune cells and their implications for various diseases and therapies.

Protective effects of sodium butyrate on rotavirus inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells

BACKGROUND

Rotavirus (RV) is a major pathogen that causes severe gastroenteritis in infants and young animals. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent apoptosis play pivotal role in virus infection. However, the protective mechanisms of intestinal damage caused by RV are poorly defined, especially the molecular pathways related to enterocytes apoptosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of sodium butyrate (SB) on RV-induced apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells.

RESULTS

The RV infection led to significant cell apoptosis, increased the expression levels of ER stress (ERS) markers, phosphorylated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), caspase9, and caspase3. Blocking PERK pathway using specific inhibitor GSK subsequently reversed RV-induced cell apoptosis. The SB treatment significantly inhibited RV-induced ERS by decreasing the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PERK, and eIF2α. In addition, SB treatment restrained the ERS-mediated apoptotic pathway, as indicated by downregulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA level, as well as decreased cleaved caspase9 and caspase3 protein levels. Furthermore, siRNA-induced GPR109a knockdown significantly suppressed the protective effect of SB on RV-induced cell apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate that SB exerts protective effects against RV-induced cell apoptosis through inhibiting ERS mediated apoptosis by regulating PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway via GPR109a, which provide new ideas for the prevention and control of RV.

Aucubin ameliorates the LPS-induced inflammatory response in bovine endometrial epithelial cells by inhibiting NF-κB and activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathway

Cows are susceptible to pathogenic bacterial infection after pregnancy, leading to inflammation of the endometrium. Aucubin (AU) has been proven to exhibit highly effective anti-inflammatory activity, but its ability to protect against endometritis in dairy cows remains unclear. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of AU on the LPS-induced inflammatory response of bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs). After pre-treating BEECs with AU (10, 20 and 50 μM) for 6 hr, the cells were stimulated with LPS for 3 hr. Subsequently, BEECs apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR, and changes in NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 signalling were analysed by western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. The results showed that AU can reduce TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expression in BEECs and reduce cell apoptosis. Furthermore, AU significantly reduced the level of NF-κB p65 and IκB phosphorylation and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. AU also activated the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, promoting the nuclear transfer of Nrf2 and increasing Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these results indicate that AU ameliorates the LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB and activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathway, which has a protective effect on BEECs.

Effects of sodium butyrate supplementation on inflammation, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids in Helicobacter pylori-infected mice

BACKGROUND

Inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the basis for the pathogenesis of H. pylori. Butyric acid, a diet-related microbial-associated metabolite, is connected to inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and other diseases. Several studies have indicated the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) against bacteria; however, the effects of SB on the main virulence factors of H. pylori, H. pylori-induced inflammation, and gut microbiota composition remain unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

SB was supplemented in H. pylori coculture and administered to mice infected with H. pylori. The effects of SB intake on inflammation, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in H. pylori-infected mice were assessed.

RESULTS

The in vitro experiments demonstrated that SB not only inhibited the growth of H. pylori but also decreased the mRNA expression of CagA and VacA. SB intake reduced the production of virulence factors in H. pylori-infected mice, inhibited the IκBα/NF-κB pathway by reducing the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-8. Further analysis demonstrated that H. pylori infection altered the relative abundance of the intestinal microbial community in mice. The level of SCFAs in the feces of H. pylori-infected mice was changed, although the intake of SB did not obviously change the level of SCFAs.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study showed that SB may decrease H. pylori-induced inflammation by inhibiting the viability and virulence of H. pylori and may reduce inflammation in association with the gut microbiota in H. pylori-infected mice. This study may provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which SB, a diet-related microbial-associated metabolite, affects H. pylori-induced disease development.

Chlorogenic acid ameliorates mice clinical endometritis by activating Keap1/Nrf2 and inhibiting NFκB signalling pathway

OBJECTIVES

Clinical endometritis is a common reproductive disorder in mammals that seriously endangers animal health and causes economic losses worldwide. This study aims to use lipopolysaccharide and Trueperella pyogenes exotoxin as modelling reagents (LC) to perfuse the mouse uterus in order to establish a model of clinical endometritis and to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA).

METHODS

In this study, five LC uterine perfusions were selected to model clinical endometritis. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of CGA were clarified. Through HE staining, proinflammatory cytokines, blood testing, NFκB and Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathways and other index changes to explore the protection mechanism of CGA.

KEY FINDINGS

After CGA treatment, the appearance, inflammatory damage and blood indicators of the mouse uterus returned to normal. Simultaneously, CGA could inhibit the activation of NFκB and reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines; CGA could also activate Keap1/Nrf2, promote the dissociation of Keap1 and Nrf2 and significantly increase the expression of the downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1.

CONCLUSIONS

The above results together explain that five LC uterine perfusions can be used to establish a mouse model of clinical endometritis. CGA can treat clinical endometritis by activating Keap1/Nrf2 and inhibiting the NFκB signalling pathway.

Role and mechanism of action of butyrate in atherosclerotic diseases: a review

Butyrate is a bioactive molecule produced by the intestinal flora and plays a major role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that butyrate can regulate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Coincidentally, it reduces hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, which are major risk factors of AS. However, the mechanism by which butyrate regulates the development of AS remains unclear. In this article, we review the effect of butyrate treatment on AS with a focus on the mechanisms of butyrate-mediated modulation of several atherosclerotic processes. These include the improvement of monocyte-endothelial interactions, macrophage lipid accumulation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and lymphocyte differentiation and function. The existing research indicates that butyrate treatment may be a potentially effective strategy for the prevention of AS. Identity and underlying mechanisms of the molecular pathways of these interactions should be explored in the future to counter AS effectively.

DNaseI protects lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis in mice by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps formation

Endometritis is an inflammatory of the inner lining of the uterus caused by bacterial infections that affect female reproductive health in humans and animals. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have the ability to resist infections that caused by pathogenic invasions. It has been proved that the formation of NETs is related to certain inflammatory diseases, such as mastitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there are sparse studies related to NETs and endometritis. In this study, we investigated the role of NETs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute endometritis in mice and evaluated the therapeutic efficiency of DNaseI. We established LPS-induced endometritis model in mice and found that the formation of NETs can be detected in the mice uterine tissues in vivo. In addition, DNaseI treatment can inhibit NETs construction in LPS-induced endometritis in mice. Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay indicated that DNaseI treatment remarkably alleviated the inflammatory cell infiltrations. ELISA test indicated that the treatment of DNaseI significantly inhibited the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, and IL-1β. Also, DNaseI was found to increase proteins expression of the uterine tissue tight junctions and suppress LPS-induced NF-κB activation. All the results indicated that DNaseI effectively inhibits the formation of NETs by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway and enhances the expression of tight junction proteins, consequently, alleviates inflammatory reactions in LPS-induced endometritis in mice.