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Fu Q, Han X, Zhu C, Jiao W, Liu R, Feng Z, Huang Y, Chen Z, Wan C, Lai Z, Liang Q, Shi S, Cheng L, Chen H, Jiang N, Su J, Fu G, Huang Y. Development of the first officially licensed live attenuated duck hepatitis A virus type 3 vaccine strain HB80 in China and its protective efficacy against DHAV-3 infection in ducks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104087. [PMID: 39094497 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) is an infectious virus that is highly fatal to ducklings and causes significant economic losses in the duck industry worldwide. Biosecurity and vaccination are required to control the pathogen. In the present study, we attenuated a lowly pathogenic DHAV-3 clinical isolate, named as HB, by serial passaging in duck embryos, and followed by several adaptive proliferations in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos. The virulence of DHAV-3 at different passages was assessed by infecting 3-day-old ducklings. We found that the HB strain lost pathogenicity to ducklings from the 55th passage onwards. The 80th passage strain (HB80), which achieved good growth capacity in duck embryos with a viral titer of 108.17 50% egg lethal dose per milliliter (ELD50/mL), was selected as a live attenuated vaccine candidate. The HB80 strain did not induce clinical symptoms or pathological lesions in 3-day-old ducklings and showed no virulence reversion after 5 rounds of in vivo back-passage. The minimum effective dose of HB80 was determined to be 104.5 ELD50 by hypodermic inoculation of the neck. Importantly, a single dose of HB80 elicited good immune responses and provided complete protection against challenge with the lethal DHAV-3 strain. Compared with the genomic sequence of the parental HB strain, HB80 had 7 amino acid substitutions, two of them are in the hypervariable region of the VP1 and polymerase-encoding 3D regions, which may play a role in virulence attenuation. Our data suggest that the attenuated HB80 strain is a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of DHAV-3 infections in China. HB80 has been registered as a New Veterinary Drug Registration Certificate by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), and is the first live attenuated DHAV-3 vaccine strain to be officially licensed in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Xiangmin Han
- Shanghai Chuanghong Biotech Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201619, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Wenlong Jiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Zhao Feng
- Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Minjiang Teachers College, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Chunhe Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Zhi Lai
- Shanghai Chuanghong Biotech Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201619, China
| | - Qizhang Liang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Nansong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Jingliang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine of China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China.
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Chu X, Ge S, Zuo Y, Cui J, Sha Z, Han N, Wu B, Ni B, Zhang H, Lv Y, Wang Z, Xiao Y. Thoughts on the research of African swine fever live-attenuated vaccines. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00693-5. [PMID: 38906762 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious and fatal disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which can infect pigs of all breeds and ages. Most infected pigs have poor prognosis, leading to substantial economic losses for the global pig industry. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a safe and efficient commercial vaccine against ASF. The development of ASF vaccine can be traced back to 1960. However, because of its large genome, numerous encoded proteins, and complex virus particle structure, currently, no effective commercial vaccine is available. Several strategies have been applied in vaccine design, some of which are potential candidates for vaccine development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis on the safety and effectiveness, suboptimal immunization effects at high doses, absence of standardized evaluation criteria, notable variations among strains of the same genotype, and the substantial impact of animal health on the protective efficacy against viral challenge. All the information will be helpful to the ASF vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Shengqiang Ge
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Bioengineering and Animal Disease Research, Qingdao 266032, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning Prevention and Control (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Jin Cui
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Naijun Han
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Bingrong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Bo Ni
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Yan Lv
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China.
| | - Yihong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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Gao S, Zuo W, Kang C, Zou Z, Zhang K, Qiu J, Shang X, Li J, Zhang Y, Zuo Q, Zhao Y, Jin M. Saccharomyces cerevisiae oral immunization in mice using multi-antigen of the African swine fever virus elicits a robust immune response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373656. [PMID: 38742108 PMCID: PMC11089227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most complex viruses. ASFV is a serious threat to the global swine industry because no commercial vaccines against this virus are currently available except in Vietnam. Moreover, ASFV is highly stable in the environment and can survive in water, feed, and aerosols for a long time. ASFV is transmitted through the digestive and respiratory tract. Mucosal immunity is the first line of defense against ASFV. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), which has been certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and has a generally recognized as safe status in the food industry, was used for oral immunization in this study. ASFV antigens were effectively expressed in recombinant SC strains with high DNA copy numbers and stable growth though surface display technology and chromosome engineering (δ-integration). The recombinant SC strains containing eight ASFV antigens-KP177R, E183L, E199L, CP204L, E248R, EP402R, B602L, and B646L- induced strong humoral and mucosal immune responses in mice. There was no antigenic competition, and these antigens induced Th1 and Th2 cellular immune responses. Therefore, the oral immunization strategy using recombinant SC strains containing multiple ASFV antigens demonstrate potential for future testing in swine, including challenge studies to evaluate its efficacy as a vaccine against ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenfeng Zuo
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiqi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zuo
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Sun L, Zhang J, Shi L, Peng Y, Feng X, Huang F, Yang F, Li J, Wang S, Niu J, Liu J, Li Y, Li S, Chen Z. Development and Immunological Evaluation of a Multiantigen Thermostable Nanovaccine Adjuvanted with T-Cell-Activating Scaffold for African Swine Fever. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1547-1557. [PMID: 38346262 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease with a mortality rate of up to 100%. The lack of commercial vaccines and drugs is a serious economic threat to the global pig industry. Cell-mediated immunity plays an essential role in protection against viral infection. We previously reported the rational design of a T-cell-activating thermostable scaffold (RPT) for antigen delivery and improved cellular immunity. We conjugated antigens P30, P54, P72, CD2 V, and CP312R to RPT, using a SpyCatcher/SpyTag covalent attachment strategy to construct nanovaccines (multiantigens-RPT). Multiantigens-RPT exhibited significantly higher thermal, storage, and freeze-thaw stability. The specific antibodies IgG and IgG2a of the multiantigen-RPT-immunized were higher than the antigens cocktail-immunized by approximately 10-100 times. ELISpot demonstrated that more IFN-γ-secreting cells were produced by the multiantigen-RPT-immunized than by the antigens cocktail-immunized. Delivery of the multiantigen nanovaccine by a T-cell-activating scaffold induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and pigs and is a potentially useful candidate vaccine for the African swine fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanli Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangning Feng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Feixia Yang
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jingqi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shanhu Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
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Liang Z, Wang S, Yao K, Ren S, Cheng P, Qu M, Ma X, Gao X, Yin X, Wang X, Sun Y. Lumpy skin disease virus ORF127 protein suppresses type I interferon responses by inhibiting K63-linked ubiquitination of tank binding kinase 1. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23467. [PMID: 38329325 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301987rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a severe animal infectious disease caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), inducing extensive nodules on the cattle mucosa or the scarfskin. LSDV genome encodes multiple proteins to evade host innate immune response. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we found that LSDV could suppress the expression of IFN-β and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in MDBK cells during the early stage of infection. Subsequently, an unbiased screen was performed to screen the LSDV genes with inhibitory effects on the type I interferon (IFN-I) production. ORF127 protein was identified as one of the strongest inhibitory effectors on the expression of IFN-β and ISGs, meanwhile, the 1-43 aa of N-terminal of ORF127 played a vital role in suppressing the expression of IFN-β. Overexpression of ORF127 could significantly promote LSDV replication through inhibiting the production of IFN-β and ISGs in MDBK cells. Mechanism study showed that ORF127 specifically interacted with TBK1 and decreased the K63-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1 which suppressed the phosphorylation of TBK1 and ultimately decreased the production of IFN-β. In addition, truncation mutation analysis indicated that the 1-43 aa of N-terminal of ORF127 protein was the key structural domain for its interaction with TBK1. In short, these results validated that ORF127 played a negative role in regulating IFN-β expression through cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Taken together, this study clarified the molecular mechanism of ORF127 gene antagonizing IFN-I-mediated antiviral, which will helpfully provide new strategies for the treatment and prevention of LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengji Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaishen Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shanhui Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Juszkiewicz M, Walczak M, Woźniakowski G, Podgórska K. African Swine Fever: Transmission, Spread, and Control through Biosecurity and Disinfection, Including Polish Trends. Viruses 2023; 15:2275. [PMID: 38005951 PMCID: PMC10674562 DOI: 10.3390/v15112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever is a contagious disease, affecting pigs and wild boars, which poses a major threat to the pig industry worldwide and, therefore, to the agricultural economies of many countries. Despite intensive studies, an effective vaccine against the disease has not yet been developed. Since 2007, ASFV has been circulating in Eastern and Central Europe, covering an increasingly large area. As of 2018, the disease is additionally spreading at an unprecedented scale in Southeast Asia, nearly ruining China's pig-producing sector and generating economic losses of approximately USD 111.2 billion in 2019. ASFV's high resistance to environmental conditions, together with the lack of an approved vaccine, plays a key role in the spread of the disease. Therefore, the biosecurity and disinfection of pig farms are the only effective tools through which to prevent ASFV from entering the farms. The selection of a disinfectant, with research-proven efficacy and proper use, taking into account environmental conditions, exposure time, pH range, and temperature, plays a crucial role in the disinfection process. Despite the significant importance of ASF epizootics, little information is available on the effectiveness of different disinfectants against ASFV. In this review, we have compiled the current knowledge on the transmission, spread, and control of ASF using the principles of biosecurity, with particular attention to disinfection, including a perspective based on Polish experience with ASF control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Juszkiewicz
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Marek Walczak
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Woźniakowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1 Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Podgórska
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
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Sun L, Niu J, Zhang J, Peng Y, Feng X, Huang F, Liu J, Li S, Chen Z. Thermostable T Cell Multiepitope Nanoparticle Antigens Inducing Potent Immune Responses against the Swine Fever Virus. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2358-2368. [PMID: 37861250 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) and is a highly contagious, acute, febrile disease that has high morbidity and mortality rates in domestic and wild swine. However, a safe and effective vaccine against ASF remains unavailable as single antigens fail to provide sufficient protection. Therefore, a combination of multiple antigens with an efficient delivery system might be an alternative strategy. Herein, a de novo-designed antigen with multiple T-cell epitopes (TEPs) of ASFV was conjugated for surface display on self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) of Aquifex aeolicus lumazine synthase (AaLS) and Quasibacillus thermotolerans encapsulin (QT) through the SpyCatcher/SpyTag system to construct nanovaccines (TEP-Spy-NPs). TEP-Spy-NPs exhibited significantly more thermal, storage, and freeze-thaw stability in comparison to TEP monomers. TEP-Spy-NPs were highly immunogenic and induced strong polyclonal antibody responses in mice and pigs. The specific antibody titers against the TEP of the TEP-Spy-AaLS and TEP-Spy-QT groups were significantly higher than those of the TEP monomer immune group after the second booster immunization. The antibody titer against TEP of the TEP-Spy-QT group was approximately twice that of the TEP-Spy-AaLS group in mice. ELISpot analysis demonstrated that more IFN-γ- and IL-2-secreting splenic lymphocytes were produced by TEP-Spy-AaLS- and TEP-Spy-QT-immunized mice than by TEP monomer-immunized mice. TEP-Spy-NPs elicited stronger cellular immunity and in vivo immunity in immunized pigs than did TEP monomers. Thus, the TEP nanovaccine successfully induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and pigs, and TEP-Spy-NPs have the potential as candidate vaccines for ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jingqi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanli Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangning Feng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Shanhu Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
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Truong QL, Wang L, Nguyen TA, Nguyen HT, Tran SD, Vu AT, Le AD, Nguyen VG, Hoang PT, Nguyen YT, Le TL, Van TN, Huynh TML, Lai HTL, Madera R, Li Y, Shi J, Nguyen LT. A Cell-Adapted Live-Attenuated Vaccine Candidate Protects Pigs against the Homologous Strain VNUA-ASFV-05L1, a Representative Strain of the Contemporary Pandemic African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:2089. [PMID: 37896866 PMCID: PMC10612049 DOI: 10.3390/v15102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal and highly contagious transboundary animal disease with the potential for rapid international spread. Currently, there is no ASF vaccine commercially available. All infected animals must be isolated and culled immediately upon the confirmation of the presence of the virus. Studies leading to the rational development of protective ASF vaccines are urgently needed. Here, we generated a safe and efficacious live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 by serially passaging a field isolate (VNUA-ASFV-05L1, genotype II) in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs, 65 passages) and an immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (3D4/21, 55 passages). VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 can efficiently replicate in both PAMs and 3D4/21 cells. It provides 100% protection, even with the low dose of 102 HAD50, to the vaccinated pigs against the challenge of contemporary pandemic ASFV field isolate. Pigs vaccinated with this LAV in a dose range of 102 to 105 HAD50 remained clinically healthy during both the 28-day observation period of immunization and the 28-day observation period of challenge. VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 was eliminated from blood by 28 days post-inoculation (DPI), and from feces or oral fluids by 17 DPI. Although the vaccine strain in serum remained a safe and attenuated phenotype after five passages in swine, a reversion-to-virulence study using blood or tissue homogenates at peak viremia will be conducted in the future. ASFV-specific IgG antibodies and significant cellular immunity were detected in vaccinated pigs before the ASFV challenge. These results indicate that the VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 strain is a safe and efficacious LAV against the genotype II ASFV strain responsible for current ASF outbreaks in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Lam Truong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Lihua Wang
- Center on Vaccine Evaluation and Alternatives for Antimicrobials, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (L.W.); (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tuan Anh Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Hoa Thi Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Son Danh Tran
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Anh Thi Vu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Anh Dao Le
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Van Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (V.G.N.); (T.M.L.H.)
| | - Phuong Thi Hoang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Yen Thi Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Thi Luyen Le
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Thang Nguyen Van
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Thi My Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (V.G.N.); (T.M.L.H.)
| | - Huong Thi Lan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Rachel Madera
- Center on Vaccine Evaluation and Alternatives for Antimicrobials, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (L.W.); (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Center on Vaccine Evaluation and Alternatives for Antimicrobials, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (L.W.); (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jishu Shi
- Center on Vaccine Evaluation and Alternatives for Antimicrobials, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (L.W.); (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lan Thi Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
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9
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Pakotiprapha D, Kuhaudomlarp S, Tinikul R, Chanarat S. Bridging the Gap: Can COVID-19 Research Help Combat African Swine Fever? Viruses 2023; 15:1925. [PMID: 37766331 PMCID: PMC10536364 DOI: 10.3390/v15091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Despite being harmless to humans, ASF poses significant challenges to the swine industry, due to sudden losses and trade restrictions. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unparalleled global research effort, yielding remarkable advancements across scientific disciplines. In this review, we explore the potential technological spillover from COVID-19 research into ASF. Specifically, we assess the applicability of the diagnostic tools, vaccine development strategies, and biosecurity measures developed for COVID-19 for combating ASF. Additionally, we discuss the lessons learned from the pandemic in terms of surveillance systems and their implications for managing ASF. By bridging the gap between COVID-19 and ASF research, we highlight the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological spillovers in the battle against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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10
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Chen Q, Tu F, Chen X, Yu Y, Gu Y, Wang Y, Liu Z. Visual isothermal amplification detection of ASFV based on trimeric G-quadruplex cis-cleavage activity of Cas-12a. Anal Biochem 2023:115235. [PMID: 37422063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a kind of DNA virus and can infect both domestic pigs and wild boars with fatality up to 100%. The contaminated meat products mainly led to the worldwide transmission of ASFV. The outbreak of ASF greatly affects the supply stability of meat products as well as the development of the global pig industry. In this study, a visual isothermal amplification detection assay for ASFV based on trimeric G-quadruplex cis-cleavage activity of Cas12a was developed. The introduction of Cas12a could discriminate the specific amplification from the non-specific amplification and improve the sensitivity. The detection limit was as low as 0.23 copies/μL. This assay had good potential in the detection of ASFV and would be helpful for the stability of meat production and supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fangming Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yimeng Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yikai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhanmin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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11
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Tenaya WM, Swacita IBN, Wirata K, Damriyasa M, Besung NK, Suarsana N, Sari TK, Agustina KK. A study of African swine fever virus in Regional VI of the Disease Investigation Center of Denpasar Bali in Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:844-850. [PMID: 37235158 PMCID: PMC10206974 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.844-850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes major economic losses due to morbidity and fatality rates of up to 100% in wild boar and domestic pigs. The disease emerged in Africa in 1921 and then entered several European countries by 1957. In Indonesia, the first outbreak of ASF in 2019 in North Sumatra killed thousands of pigs and quickly spread to 10 out of 34 pig-producing provinces, including Bali and Eastern Nusa Tenggara. As no commercial ASF vaccine is available, the disease has become endemic and continues killing pigs. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and virological studies of ASF virus (ASFV) conducted in 2020 and 2021 by the Disease Investigation Center Regional VI of Denpasar Bali, which covers three provinces in Indonesia, including Bali, Western Nusa Tenggara, and Eastern Nusa Tenggara. Materials and Methods A total of 5402 blood samples were sent to the laboratory to detect ASFV infection using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. The virological studies were performed by culturing local ASFV isolates obtained from field cases in primary macrophages and confirmation of viral growth by qPCR. Results The qPCR results show that only 156/4528 (3.4%) of samples originating from Bali and Eastern Nusa Tenggara were ASFV-positive with cycle threshold value of 18 to 23, while the virus was not detected in Western Nusa Tenggara. Of 874 serum samples tested, 114 (13%) were antibody positive and were all collected from the two ASFV-affected provinces in 2020. A Bali ASFV isolate (BL21) was isolated and characterized molecularly. Conclusion These findings suggest that during the time of sampling, ASFV was detected only in Bali and East Nusa Tenggara but not in Western Nusa Tenggara. These findings support the symptomology of ASFV reported in the two regions. Moreover, BL21 may be useful for developing subculture-attenuated vaccines using commercial cell lines. However, the current study has some limitations namely the investigation was not performed during the initial outbreak and no pathological examination of internal organs was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayan Masa Tenaya
- Department of Disease Prevention, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Ngurah Swacita
- Department of Disease Prevention, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Wirata
- Disease Investigation Center, Regional VI Denpasar Bali, Jl. Raya Sesetan No. 266, Sesetan, Denpasar Selatan, Kota Denpasar, Bali 80223, Indonesia
| | - Made Damriyasa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Nengah Kerta Besung
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman Suarsana
- Laboratory of Biochemical, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Tri Komala Sari
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Kadek Karang Agustina
- Department of Disease Prevention, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
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12
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Zhang H, Zhao S, Zhang H, Qin Z, Shan H, Cai X. Vaccines for African swine fever: an update. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139494. [PMID: 37180260 PMCID: PMC10173882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal infectious disease of swine caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, the disease is listed as a legally notifiable disease that must be reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). The economic losses to the global pig industry have been insurmountable since the outbreak of ASF. Control and eradication of ASF are very critical during the current pandemic. Vaccination is the optimal strategy to prevent and control the ASF epidemic, but since inactivated ASFV vaccines have poor immune protection and there aren't enough cell lines for efficient in vitro ASFV replication, an ASF vaccine with high immunoprotective potential still remains to be explored. Knowledge of the course of disease evolution, the way of virus transmission, and the breakthrough point of vaccine design will facilitate the development of an ASF vaccine. In this review, the paper aims to highlight the recent advances and breakthroughs in the epidemic and transmission of ASF, virus mutation, and the development of vaccines in recent years, focusing on future directions and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Saisai Zhao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihua Qin
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hu Shan
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Shan,
| | - Xiulei Cai
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Xiulei Cai,
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13
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Xia YJ, Xu L, Zhao JJ, Li YX, Wu RZ, Song XP, Zhao QZ, Liu YB, Wang Q, Zhang QY. Development of a quadruple PCR-based gene microarray for detection of vaccine and wild-type classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus. Virol J 2022; 19:201. [PMID: 36447230 PMCID: PMC9708128 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF), and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) are acute, virulent, and contagious viral diseases currently hampering the pig industry in China, which result in mummification or stillbirths in piglets and mortality in pigs. Diagnostic assays for the differentiation of infection and vaccination of CSFV, in addition to the detection of ASFV and APPV, are urgently required for better prevention, control, and elimination of these viral diseases in China. METHODS A quadruple PCR-based gene microarray assay was developed in this study to simultaneously detect wild-type and vaccine CSFV strains, ASFV and APPV according to their conserved regions. Forty-two laboratory-confirmed samples, including positive samples of 10 other swine viral diseases, were tested using this assay to confirm its high specificity. RESULTS This assay's limit of detections (LODs) for the wild-type and vaccine CSFV were 6.98 and 6.92 copies/µL. LODs for ASFV and APPV were 2.56 × 10 and 1.80 × 10 copies/µL, respectively. When compared with standard RT-PCR or qPCR for CSFV (GB/T 26875-2018), ASFV (MARR issue No.172), or APPV (CN108611442A) using 219 clinical samples, the coincidence was 100%. The results showed that this assay with high sensitivity could specifically distinguish ASFV, APPV, and CSFV, including CSFV infection and immunization. CONCLUSION This assay provides a practical, simple, economic, and reliable test for the rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of the three viruses and may have good prospects for application in an epidemiological investigation, prevention, and control and elimination of these three diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-ju Xia
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-jie Zhao
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-xi Li
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-zhi Wu
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-peng Song
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-zu Zhao
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye-bing Liu
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-yi Zhang
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Liang Z, Yao K, Wang S, Yin J, Ma X, Yin X, Wang X, Sun Y. Understanding the research advances on lumpy skin disease: A comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1065894. [PMID: 36519172 PMCID: PMC9742232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1065894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which can induce cattle with high fever and extensive nodules on the mucosa or the scarfskin, seriously influencing the cattle industry development and international import and export trade. Since 2013, the disease has spread rapidly and widely throughout the Russia and Asia. In the past few decades, progress has been made in the study of LSDV. It is mainly transmitted by blood-sucking insects, and various modes of transmission with distinct seasonality. Figuring out how the virus spreads will help eradicate LSDV at its source. In the event of an outbreak, selecting the most effective vaccine to block and eliminate the threat posed by LSDV in a timely manner is the main choice for farmers and authorities. At present, a variety of vaccines for LSDV have been developed. The available vaccine products vary in quality, protection rate, safety and side effects. Early detection of LSDV can help reduce the cost of disease. In addition, because LSDV has a huge genome, it is currently also used as a vaccine carrier, forming a new complex with other viral genes through homologous recombination. The vaccine prepared based on this can have a certain preventive effect on many kinds of diseases. Clinical detection of disease including nucleic acid and antigen level. Each method varies in convenience, accuracy, cost, time and complexity of equipment. This article reviews our current understanding of the mode of transmission of LSDV and advances in vaccine types and detection methods, providing a background for further research into various aspects of LSDV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaishen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanbin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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15
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The Development of a Multiplex Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assay for the Differential Detection of the Wild-Type Strain and the MGF505-2R, EP402R and I177L Gene-Deleted Strain of the African Swine Fever Virus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141754. [PMID: 35883301 PMCID: PMC9311895 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary African swine fever (ASF) was first reported in August 2018 in China, and the naturally gene-deleted ASFV strain was first identified in 2020 in this country. The vaccine candidates that deleted some virulent genes from the virulent parental strains have also been reported in many countries. To differentiate the wild-type and gene-deleted ASFV strains, four pairs of specific primers and TaqMan probes targeting the ASFV B646L (p72), I177L, MGF505-2R and EP402R (CD2v) genes were designed. After optimizing the reaction conditions, a multiplex real-time qPCR assay for the differential detection of the wild-type and gene-deleted ASFV strains was developed. The assay was further used to test 4239 clinical samples, and 534 samples were positive for ASFV, of which 30 samples lacked B646L, I177L, MGF505-2R and/or EP402R genes. The assay showed high specificity, sensitivity and repeatability, and it provided a reliable method for evaluating ASFV in clinical samples. Abstract African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes African swine fever (ASF), a devastating hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs and wild boars. Currently, the MGF505R, EP402R (CD2v) and I177L gene-deleted ASFV strains were confirmed to be the ideal vaccine candidate strains. To develop an assay for differentiating the wild-type and gene-deleted ASFV strains, four pairs of specific primers and TaqMan probes targeting the ASFV B646L (p72), I177L, MGF505-2R and EP402R (CD2v) genes were designed. A multiplex real-time qPCR assay for the differential detection of the wild-type and gene-deleted ASFV strains was developed after optimizing the reaction conditions, including the annealing temperature, primer concentration and probe concentration. The results showed that the multiplex real-time qPCR assay can specifically test the ASFV B646L (p72), I177L, MGF505-2R and EP402R (CD2v) genes with a limit of detection (LOD) of 32.1 copies/μL for the B646L (p72) gene, and 3.21 copies/μL for the I177L, MGF505-2R and EP402R (CD2v) genes. However, the assay cannot test for the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), PCV3 and pseudorabies virus (PRV). The assay demonstrated good repeatability and reproducibility with coefficients of variation (CV) less than 1.56% for both the intra- and inter-assay. The assay was used to test 4239 clinical samples, and the results showed that 12.60% (534/4239) samples were positive for ASFV, of which 10 samples lacked the EP402R gene, 6 samples lacked the MGF505-2R gene and 14 samples lacked the EP402R and MGF505-2R genes. The results indicated that the multiplex real-time qPCR developed in this study can provide a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for the differential detection of the ASFV B646L, I177L, MGF505-2R and EP402R genes.
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Grigoryan R, Arabyan E, Izmailyan R, Karalyan Z, Jordão N, Ferreira F, Zakaryan H. Antiviral activity of brequinar against African swine fever virus infection in vitro. Virus Res 2022; 317:198826. [PMID: 35618075 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes an acute and hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine, resulting in significant economic losses to the global porcine industry. The lack of vaccines and antiviral drugs highlights the urgent need for antiviral studies against ASFV. Here, we report that brequinar (BQR), which is a specific inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, robustly inhibits ASFV replication in Vero cells, as well as in porcine macrophages. We demonstrate that BQR exerts its antiviral activity in a dose-dependent manner through the depletion of pyrimidine pool. Although BQR does not affect the synthesis of an early viral protein, pI215L, the synthesis of late viral proteins, p17 and p72, is suppressed in the presence of BQR. We also show that BQR is able to induce cellular antiviral response in ASFV-infected macrophages by enhancing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes. Taken together, our study reveals that targeting nucleotide biosynthesis represents a promising strategy for developing antiviral agents against ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafayela Grigoryan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, E. Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Erik Arabyan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, E. Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Roza Izmailyan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, E. Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaven Karalyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, E. Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nuno Jordão
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS)
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS)
| | - Hovakim Zakaryan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, E. Hasratyan 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia; Denovo Sciences CJSC, H. Hakobyan 3, 0033, Yerevan, Armenia.
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