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Tremblay-Cantin JC, Martin L, Proulx M, Priest ND, Larivière D. Levels of naturally occurring radioisotopes in local and imported bottled drinking water available in Québec City, Canada. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 274:107411. [PMID: 38471302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of local and imported bottled water in Canada has greatly increased during the past three decades. While the presence of natural radioactivity is often overlooked when dealing with the water quality of these bottled products, it could contribute substantially to the uptake of radionuclides especially when sourced from regions with higher radioactivity levels compared to where it is consumed. In this study, the activity of several naturally occurring radionuclides (i.e., 210Po, 226,228Ra, 230,232Th, 234,235,238U) were measured in bottled water available in Québec, Canada after sample pretreatment and analysis by either radiometric or mass spectrometry approaches. 230,232Th and 228Ra concentrations were below minimum detectable activity levels in all samples tested. Analytical results for 234U, 235U, 238U, and 226Ra showed concentrations that ranged from 0.38 to 115 mBq/L, (2.2-313) x 10-2 mBq/L, 0.48-58.4 mBq/L, and 1.1-550 mBq/L, respectively. 210Po was detected in only 5 samples and its activity ranged from 2 to 26 mBq/L. To determine variability in activity within brands, the same brands of bottled water were purchased during two consecutive years and analyzed. The possible radiological impact of the consumption of these types of water was assessed based on different drinking habit scenarios. Some of the imported water brands showed higher activity concentrations than local sources or tap water, suggesting that individuals drinking predominantly imported bottled water would receive a higher radiation dose than those who drink mainly local water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie Martin
- Radioecology Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Laval University, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Myriame Proulx
- Radioecology Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Laval University, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Nicholas D Priest
- Radioecology Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Laval University, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Dominic Larivière
- Radioecology Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Laval University, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6.
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Touranlou FA, Moghimani M, Marhamati M, Rezaie M. Detection and measurement of radioactive substances in water and food: a narrative review. Ital J Food Saf 2024; 13:11651. [PMID: 38623281 PMCID: PMC11017961 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2024.11651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Contamination of food and water with radioactive substances is a serious health problem. There are several methods to detect and measure radioactive materials, some of which have been developed in recent years. This paper aims to discuss the methods of detecting and measuring radioactive substances in food and water. The principles and the advantages and disadvantages of each method have been discussed. The results showed that some of these methods, such as spectrometry γ-ray high-purity germanium, portable radon gas surveyor SILENA, RAD7, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, have a higher sensitivity for detection and measurement. The spectrometry γ-ray high-purity germanium method has attracted more attention than other methods because it can measure a wide range of radionuclides with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitra Rezaie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Bazza A, Rhiyourhi M, Marhou A, Hamal M. Assessment of natural radioactivity in Moroccan bottled drinking waters using gamma spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1307. [PMID: 37831213 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive elements and their impact on the environment and the food chain, including humans, are a matter of major concern, for which appropriate investigations should be performed. The priority is to examine the concentration of radioactive substances in mineral and bottled spring water. This task aims to analyze the quality of 12 conditioned mineral waters by determining their main radionuclides concentrations, such as 238U, 232Th, and 40K. The identification and the quantification of these radionuclides are carried out by their progeny (except the 40K) by using a NaI(Tl) detector coupled with a multichannel analyzer (MCA) and connected to a computer. The activity measured in all samples varied from 0.95 to 3.38 mBq.L-1 with an average of 1.94 mBq.L-1; from 1.55 to 3.56 mBq.L-1 with an average of 2.46 mBq.L-1; and from 200.68 to 269.19 mBq.L-1 with an average of 236.6 mBq.L-1, for 238U, 232Th, and 40K, respectively. To compare the combined radiological effects of radionuclides present in water, a particular factor Ra(eq) is used. This study showed that the maximum value of Ra(eq) is 27.54 mBq.L-1, which is far below the activity limit of 370 mBq.year-1 set by the Organization of Economics and Development (OECD). Concerning the effective annual dose, the following maximums were measured: 1.61 μSv.year-1, 1.133 μSv.year-1, and 0.925 μSv.year-1 for infants, children, and adults, respectively. These values are even smaller than the dose recommended by the WHO which is 100 μSv.year-1. Regarding the excess lifetime cancer risk index, a maximum of 5.63 × 10-6 is found. This index value is still less than that proposed by James, namely 2.5 × 10-3. Thus, the quality of the studied samples respects the radiological international safety and health limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkarim Bazza
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations in Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mohammed Rhiyourhi
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations in Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Marhou
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations in Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Hamal
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations in Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
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Xarchoulakos DC, Kallihtrakas-Kontos NG. Uranium analysis in urine after membrane complexation and alpha spectrometry counting. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Küçükömeroğlu B, Şen A, Duran SU, Çiriş A, Taskin H, Ersoy H. Determination of radioactivity level of water supply network in Trabzon province, Turkey. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:610-622. [PMID: 34493126 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2021.1972996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the radioactivity levels of water samples collected from the main water supply network in Trabzon province and districts and soil samples taken from the vicinity of the water network were measured. An Alphaguard-PQ2000 radon gas detector was used to determine the seasonal radon gas level in the water samples. An HPGe detector was used to determine the level of radioactivity in soil and water samples. The average concentration of 222Rn in drinking water ranges from 0.56 ± 0.51 to 13.3 ± 5 Bq L-1. In water samples, average gross alpha and gross beta values were measured as 8 ± 1 and 43 ± 1 mBq L-1, respectively. The average concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 137Cs, 40K radionuclides in soil were measured as 51 ± 2, 21 ± 2, 16 ± 1, 28 ± 7 Bq m-3, respectively. The average concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 137Cs, 40K radionuclides in drinking water were measured as 147 ± 5, 25 ± 2, 77 ± 2, 12 ± 2 mBq L-1, respectively. When the radon concentrations for drinking water were examined, it was found that the radon concentration of the three samples was above the limit value (11 Bq L-1) allowed by the US-EPA for drinking water. All other results are below the limit values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayşegül Şen
- Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selcen Uzun Duran
- Program of Medical Imaging Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ali Çiriş
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Ömer Halis Demir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Halim Taskin
- Cekmece Nuclear Researches and Training Center (CNAEM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ersoy
- Department of Geology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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6
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Natural radium isotopes in waters determined with gamma-ray spectrometry using a HPGe detector. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Annual effective dose associated with radon, gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in drinking water from gold mining areas of Shanono and Bagwai, Kano state, Nigeria. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Altıkulaç A, Turhan Ş, Gümüş H. The natural and artificial radionuclides in drinking water samples and consequent population doses. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Altıkulaç
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Şeref Turhan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, 37150, Turkey
| | - Hasan Gümüş
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
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Alharbi T, Adel A, Baloch MA, Alsagabi SF, Alssalim YA, Alslamah AS, Alkhomashi N. Natural radioactivity measurements and age-dependent dose assessment in groundwater from Al-Zulfi, Al-Qassim and Al-Majmaah regions, Saudi Arabia. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Al-Shboul KF, Alali AE, Batayneh IM, Al-Khodire HY. Radiation hazards and lifetime risk assessment of tap water using liquid scintillation counting and high-resolution gamma spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 178-179:245-252. [PMID: 28915436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two complementary techniques, viz. liquid scintillation counting and high-resolution gamma spectrometry are utilized to analyze radionuclides concentrations in tap water of Irbid governorate, Jordan, and study their correlation. Gross alpha and gross beta concentrations, in the tap water samples collected from the nine districts of Irbid governorate, ranged from <82 to 484 mBq/L with a mean of 295 mBq/L and from <216 to 984 mBq/L with a mean of 611 mBq/L, respectively. Furthermore, gamma spectrometry analysis, for the tap water samples, shows that the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged between <19 and 302 mBq/L, 24 to 119 mBq/L, and <101 to 342 mBq/L, respectively. There was a weak or even no correlation among the identified natural radionuclides with no trace of artificial radioactivity. In addition, the results of both techniques show that storing tap water in drilled wells leads to higher levels of radioactivity concentrations beyond the international permissible limits. Furthermore, the average lifetime risk and annual effective dose received by age-grouped inhabitants due to direct and indirect tap water consumption are evaluated, where most of the received dose is attributed to 226Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Al-Shboul
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - A E Alali
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - I M Batayneh
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - H Y Al-Khodire
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Yeşilkanat CM, Kobya Y. Determination and mapping the spatial distribution of radioactivity of natural spring water in the Eastern Black Sea Region by using artificial neural network method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:589. [PMID: 26307690 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, radiological distribution of gross alpha, gross beta, (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K, and (137)Cs for a total of 40 natural spring water samples obtained from seven cities of the Eastern Black Sea Region was determined by artificial neural network (ANN) method. In the ANN method employed, the backpropagation algorithm, which estimates the backpropagation of the errors and results, was used. In the structure of ANN, five input parameters (latitude, longitude, altitude, major soil groups, and rainfall) were used for natural radionuclides and four input parameters (latitude, longitude, altitude, and rainfall) were used for artificial radionuclides, respectively. In addition, 75 % of the total data were used as the data of training and 25 % of them were used as test data in order to reveal the structure of each radionuclide. It has been seen that the results obtained explain the radiographic structure of the region very well. Spatial interpolation maps covering the whole region were created for each radionuclide including spots not measured by using these results. It has been determined that artificial neural network method can be used for mapping the spatial distribution of radioactivity with this study, which is conducted for the first time for the Black Sea Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cafer Mert Yeşilkanat
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art and Science,, Artvin Çoruh University, 08000, Artvin, Turkey
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12
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Natural radionuclides content and radioactive series disequilibrium in drinking waters from Balkans region. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Moldovan M, Benea V, Niţă DC, Papp B, Burghele BD, Bican-Brişan N, Cosma C. Radon and radium concentration in water from North-West of Romania and the estimated doses. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:96-100. [PMID: 25031036 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the measurements of radon were carried out using the LUK-VR system based on radon gas measurements with Lucas cells. The radium concentration in water was determined, with the same device, immediately after was established the radon equilibrium with radium. The results presented here are from a survey carried out in the N-W region of Transylvania (Romania) in which were investigated the radon concentrations in natural (spring, well and surface) and drinking (tap) waters. The results showed radon concentrations within the range of 0.4-187.3 Bq l(-1) with an average value of 15.9 Bq l(-1) whereas radium concentration varied between 0.05 and 0.825 Bq l(-1) with an average value of 0.087 Bq l(-1) for all types of water covered within this survey. The corresponding annual effective ingestion dose due to radon and radium from water was determined from drinking water used by the population inhabiting the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moldovan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences of Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România
| | - V Benea
- ANRANR, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - D C Niţă
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences of Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România
| | - B Papp
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences of Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România
| | - B D Burghele
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences of Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România
| | - N Bican-Brişan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România
| | - C Cosma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences of Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România
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Rožmarić M, Rogić M, Benedik L, Barišić D, Planinšek P. Radiological characterization of tap waters in Croatia and the age dependent dose assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:272-277. [PMID: 24997928 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of (234)U, (238)U, (226)Ra, (228)Ra, (210)Po and (210)Pb in tap waters, originating from various geological regions of Croatia, were determined. Activity concentrations of measured radionuclides are in general decreasing in this order: (238)U≈(234)U>(228)Ra≈(210)Pb>(226)Ra≈(210)Po. Based on the radionuclide activity concentrations average total annual internal doses for infants, children and adults, as well as contribution of each particular radionuclide to total dose, were assessed and discussed. The highest doses were calculated for infants, which makes them the most critical group of population. All values for each population group were well below the recommended reference dose level (RDL) of 0.1mSv from one year's consumption of drinking water according to European Commission recommendations from 1998. Contribution of each particular radionuclide to total doses varied among different age groups but for each group the lowest contribution was found for (226)Ra and the highest for (228)Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rožmarić
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco.
| | - Matea Rogić
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Delko Barišić
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Planinšek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Calin MR, Ion AC, Radulescu I. Evaluation of quality parameters and of natural radionuclides concentrations in natural mineral water in Romania. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yakut H, Tabar E, Zenginerler Z, Demirci N, Ertugral F. Measurement of (222)Rn concentration in drinking water in Sakarya, Turkey. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 157:397-406. [PMID: 23771959 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the first measurement of (222)Rn concentrations in drinking water from wells, springs and bottled waters in the city of Sakarya, Turkey was presented. The measurements were performed using RAD 7, a solid-state alpha detector, with RAD H2O (radon in water) accessory manufactured by Durridge Company, Inc. The measured activity concentrations ranged from 1.98 to 20.80 Bq l(-1) with an average value of 9.05 Bq l(-1) for well water, from 0.75 to 59.65 Bq l(-1) with an average value of 13.78 Bq l(-1) for spring water and from 0.75 to 22.8 Bq l(-1) with an average value of 5.41 Bq l(-1) for bottled water. Although these results indicated relatively high (222)Rn concentrations compared with that from other parts of the Turkey, they are still below the World Health Organization recommended level of 100 Bq l(-1) for radon. Using the measured activities of (222)Rn, the age-dependent associated committed effective doses due to the ingestion of (222)Rn as a consequence of direct consumption of drinking water were calculated. The committed effective doses from (222)Rn were estimated to range from 2.59 to 205.97 µSv y(-1), from 1.55 to 123.28 µSv y(-1) and from 1.31 to 104.48 µSv y(-1) for age groups 1-2, 8-12 and >17 y, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Yakut
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Physics, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187, Turkey
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Natural radionuclides in drinking waters in Serbia. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:2703-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Annual dose of Taiwanese from the ingestion of 210Po in oysters. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 73:9-11. [PMID: 23246841 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oysters around the coast of Taiwan were collected, dried, spiked with a (209)Po tracer for yield, digested with concentrated HNO(3) and H(2)O(2), and finally dissolved in 0.5 N HCl. The polonium was then spontaneously deposited onto a silver disc, and the activity of (210)Po was measured using an alpha spectrum analyzer equipped with a silicon barrier detector. Meanwhile, the internal effective dose of (210)Po coming from the intake of oysters by Taiwanese was evaluated. The results of the present study indicate that (210)Po average activity concentrations ranged from 23.4 ± 0.4 to 126 ± 94 Bq kg(-1) of fresh oysters. The oysters coming from Penghu island and Kinmen island regions contain higher concentrations of (210)Po in comparison with oysters from other regions of Taiwan. The value of (210)Po weighted average activity concentrations for all oyster samples studied is 25.9 Bq kg(-1). The annual effective dose of Taiwanese due to the ingestion of (210)Po in oysters was estimated to be 4.1 × 10(-2) mSv y(-1).
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Todorović N, Nikolov J, Tenjović B, Bikit I, Veskovic M. Establishment of a method for measurement of gross alpha/beta activities in water from Vojvodina region. RADIAT MEAS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rožmarić M, Rogić M, Benedik L, Strok M. Natural radionuclides in bottled drinking waters produced in Croatia and their contribution to radiation dose. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 437:53-60. [PMID: 22906977 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of (234)U, (238)U, (226)Ra, (228)Ra, (210)Po and (210)Pb in all Croatian bottled drinking natural spring and natural mineral water products, commercially available on the market, were determined. The samples originated from various geological regions of Croatia. Activity concentrations of measured radionuclides are in general decreasing in this order: (234)U>(238)U>(226)Ra>(228)Ra>(210)Pb>(210)Po and (226)Ra>(228)Ra>(234)U>(238)U>(210)Pb>(210)Po for natural spring and mineral waters, respectively. Based on the radionuclide activity concentrations average total annual effective ingestion doses for infants, children and adults, as well as contribution of each particular radionuclide to total dose, were assessed and discussed. The highest doses were calculated for children from 7 to 12 years of age, which makes them the most critical group of population. All values for each type of water, as well as for each population group, were well below the recommended reference dose level (RDL) of 0.1 mSv from one year's consumption of drinking water according to the European Commission recommendations from 1998. Contribution of each particular radionuclide to total doses varied among different water types and within each water type, as well as between different age groups, where the lowest contribution was found for uranium isotopes and the highest for (228)Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rožmarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Benedik L, Jeran Z. Radiological of natural and mineral drinking waters in Slovenia. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 151:306-313. [PMID: 22345214 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Various types of water were collected in Slovenia and analysed in order to assess the radiation doses from (238)U, (234)U, (228)Ra, (226)Ra, (210)Pb and (210)Po for three different age groups of the population. It was found in all cases that the calculated median committed effective dose from the investigated radionuclides for each population group was well below the recommended value of 100 µSv y(-1), ranging from 4 to 7 µSv y(-1) for adults, from 8 to 10 µSv y(-1) for children and from 6 to 7 µSv y(-1) for infants. Of the investigated groups of the population children are the most exposed with the highest absolute doses of 19.1 and 18.7 µSv y(-1) after drinking a certain bottled brand of mineral and natural water, respectively. The contribution of each particular radionuclide to total doses varied among different water types and within each type, as well as between different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Benedik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Natural radioactivity in tap water and associated age-dependent dose and lifetime risk assessment in Amman, Jordan. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 70:692-8. [PMID: 22196678 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of assessing potential public impact, preliminary investigations on tap waters collected from highly populated areas in Amman and Aqaba, Jordan were conducted by measuring gross alpha and beta activities as well as uranium and radium radionuclides. Gross activities deduced by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) were ranged in <50-250 ± 23 mBq l(-1) for alpha and <188-327 ± 29 mBq l(-1) for beta in Amman whereas higher concentrations were found in Aqaba. The results show that gross β activities are generally higher than the corresponding gross α activities and direct correlations between gross activities and total dissolved solids (TDS) exist. Moreover, the effect of TDS on gross analyses was studied and devoted to the optimization of LSC parameters. (234)U, (235)U and (238)U concentrations were determined by alpha spectrometry after separation from the matrix by extraction chromatography and electroplating. (226)Ra and (228)Ra concentrations were measured, respectively, using de-gassing and gas proportional counter techniques. Uranium and radium concentrations do not reach the WHO recommended levels and the radioisotopic activity ratios were discussed. The associated age-dependent dose from water ingestion in Amman was estimated. The total dose for adults had an average value of 0.15 mSv y(-1), which exceeds the WHO recommended limit of 0.1 mSv y(-1) but still below the Jordanian limit of 0.5 mSv y(-1). Although the Jordanian limit was exceeded for babies and infants, the lifetime risk assessment showed values as low as 10(-4). Thereby it is concluded that tap waters of Amman is radiologically safe and pose no significant hazard to the public. Finally, a comparison of the investigated waters with worldwide data was made.
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Meli MA, Desideri D, Roselli C, Feduzi L. Analytical methods to determine 210Po and 210Pb in marine samples. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Desideri D, Meli MA, Roselli C. Natural radionuclides in seafood from the central Adriatic Sea (Italy). HEALTH PHYSICS 2011; 100:160-166. [PMID: 21399431 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3181ea50d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of ²¹⁰Po, ²¹⁰Pb, and ⁴⁰K were measured in different samples of marine organisms from the central Adriatic Sea. The marine organisms were purchased from the local consumer market during all four seasons of the year to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of the natural radioactivity. The concentration trend is the following: ⁴⁰K > ²¹⁰Po > ²¹⁰Pb. ⁴⁰K concentration ranged between 54.9 and 235.9 Bq kg⁻¹ fresh weight, and the arithmetic mean of Pb concentration for all samples is <0.7 Bq kg⁻¹ fresh weight. Po activity concentration ranged between 0.3 and 44.6 Bq kg⁻¹ fresh weight; its arithmetic mean was 5.7 ± 7.2 Bq kg⁻¹ fresh weight. Among the pelagic species, anchovy displayed the highest polonium concentration. The data obtained depend upon the type of marine organism and the period of sampling. Committed effective dose due to ²¹⁰Po ingestion from marine food for individuals in the two different population groups was calculated to be 95.9 and 466.4 μSv y⁻¹, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Desideri
- Donatella Desideri, Institute of General Chemistry, University of Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Jobbágy V, Kávási N, Somlai J, Dombovári P, Gyöngyösi C, Kovács T. Gross alpha and beta activity concentrations in spring waters in Balaton Upland, Hungary. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Desideri D, Meli MA, Roselli C. Natural and artificial radioactivity determination of some medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2010; 101:751-756. [PMID: 20537772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Several medicinal plants used in Italy were analysed to determine natural and artificial radioactivity in those parts (leaves, fruits, seeds, roots, peduncles, flowers, barks, berries, thallus) used generally as remedies. The radionuclides were determined by alpha ((238)U, (210)Po) and gamma ((214)Pb-Bi, (210)Pb, (40)K and (137)Cs) spectrometry. (238)U ranged between <0.1 and 7.32 Bq kg(dry)(-1); (210)Po between <0.1 and 30.3 Bq kg(dry)(-1); (214)Pb-(214)Bi between <0.3 and 16.6 Bq kg(dry)(-1); (210)Pb between <3 and 58.3 Bq kg(dry)(-1); (40)K between 66.2 and 3582.0 Bq kg(dry)(-1); (137)Cs between <0.3 and 10.7 Bq kg(dry)(-1). The percentage of (210)Po extraction in infusion and decoction was also determined; the arithmetical mean value of percentage of (210)Po extraction resulted 20.7+/-7.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Desideri
- Institute of General Chemistry, Urbino University Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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A biomonitoring study: 210Po and heavy metals in marine organisms from the Adriatic Sea (Italy). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jobbágy V, Kávási N, Somlai J, Máté B, Kovács T. Radiochemical characterization of spring waters in Balaton Upland, Hungary, estimation of radiation dose to members of public. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Desideri D, Roselli C, Meli MA. Intake of 210Po, 234U and 238U radionuclides with wine in Italy. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 48:650-7. [PMID: 19944734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
238U, 234U and 210Po activity concentration was determined in 70 samples of red and white wine coming from 16 Italian regions. The radionuclides were determined by alpha spectrometry after separation. The results show that the mean concentrations of 238U, 234U and 210Po were 3.63 x 10(-3)+/-2.19 x 10(-3), 4.41 x 10(-3)+/-3.10 x 10(-3) and 6.85 x 10(-2)+/-3.79 x 10(-2) Bq L(-1) for red wine and 5.08 x 10(-3)+/-4.20 x 10(-3), 5.59 x 10(-3)+/-8.49 x 10(-3) and 3.92 x 10(-2)+/-2.63 x 10(-2) Bq L(-1) for white wine, respectively. The effective radiation dose due to the uranium and polonium ingestions by wine (0.5l per day) ranges from 2.68 x 10(-4) to 4.91 x 10(-2) mSv year(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Desideri
- Institute of General Chemistry, Urbino University Carlo Bo, P.zza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Uranium determination in water samples with elevated salinity from Southern Poland by micro coprecipitation using alpha spectrometry. Microchem J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Roselli C, Desideri D, Meli MA. Radiological characterization of phosphate fertilizers: Comparison between alpha and gamma spectrometry. Microchem J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Desideri D, Meli MA, Roselli C, Feduzi L. A biomonitoring study: 210Po and heavy metals in mussels. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-008-7334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Assunta Meli M, Desideri D, Roselli C, Feduzi L. Natural radioactivity in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis derived from the central Adriatic Sea (Italy). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2008; 71:1270-1278. [PMID: 18654899 DOI: 10.1080/01932690801934562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine background levels of natural radionuclides such as uranium isotopes, (210)Pb, (210)Po, and (40)K in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected in the central Adriatic Sea along the Marche region as a mechanism to establish a biomonitoring model for human radiation exposure resulting from ingestion of this species. This mussel is an invasive warm-water species largely consumed by the local population and also exported to different countries. Among natural radionuclides, alpha emitters are considered responsible for a significant proportion of the radiation exposure of humans to background radiation, particularly through food consumption. The sampling was conducted in different seasons of the year in order to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of the natural radioactivity. Data was also compared to previous findings to corroborate our findings. The mean of activity concentration found was 2.34 +/- 0.61 and 149 +/- 58 Bq/kg dry for total uranium and (210)Po, respectively. In mussels the concentration trend of the studied radionuclides was (40)K > (210)Po >> (210)Pb > uranium isotopes. The mean individual dose due to ingestion of mussels for (210)Po was in the range 1.65 yen 10(-2) to 9.20 yen 10(-2) mSv yr(-1). The dose derived from uranium isotopes, (40)K, and (210)Pb was negligible. Data show that mussels may be considered a reliable species model for human biomonitoring for radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Meli
- Institute of General Chemistry, Urbino University Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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