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Nita LE, Chiriac AP, Ghilan A, Rusu AG, Pamfil D, Rosca I, Mititelu-Tartau L. Alginate enriched with phytic acid for hydrogels preparation. Therapeutic applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:335-345. [PMID: 34425119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, numerous innovative strategies have been used to obtain highly efficient synthetic or semi-synthetic biomaterials. Between these innovative biomaterials, hydrogels occupy a distinct place due to their superior biological and physico-chemical characteristics. Alginate is a natural linear polysaccharide with important physico-chemical and biological properties. Recently, we obtained a new hydrogel based on alginate and phytic acid with improved physico-chemical properties. In the present study, the hydrogels previously obtained were tested in terms of their biological properties and possibilities of use in the biomedical field. For this purpose, the hydrogels were loaded with norfloxacin (NRF), an antibacterial compound utilised in the treatment against Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Unfortunately, NRF has low solubility and permeability. In order to provide protection against loss, but also for enhanced bioavailability, and controlled-release of norfloxacin, a drug inclusion complex with cyclodextrin was realized. The effect of complexation on the release profile was highlighted. The addition of NRF to the hydrogel matrices greatly improved the antibacterial activity of the tested compounds. The presence of CD did not affect the homogeneity of the drug distribution. Changes in the polymeric matrix structure were registered after the incorporation of the drug, which were attributed to the relaxation of the network subsequently to the penetration and diffusion of the drug solution simultaneously with the swelling process. The release of NRF from Alg_PA polymeric network has been successfully modulated by the use of CD as a host molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Elena Nita
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41-A, RO-700487, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Aurica P Chiriac
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41-A, RO-700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Ghilan
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41-A, RO-700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Gabriela Rusu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41-A, RO-700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Pamfil
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41-A, RO-700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Rosca
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41-A, RO-700487, Iasi, Romania
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Chew YL, Khor MA, Lim YY. Choices of chromatographic methods as stability indicating assays for pharmaceutical products: A review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06553. [PMID: 33855234 PMCID: PMC8027279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stability indicating assay describes a technique which is used to analyse the stability of drug substance or active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical products. Stability indicating assay must be properly validated as per ICH guidelines. The important components in a stability indicating assay include sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, reliability, reproducibility and robustness. A validated assay is able to measure the concentration changes of drug substance/API with time and make reliable estimation of the quantity of the degradation impurities. The drug substance is separated and resolved from the impurities. Pros and cons of HPLC, GC, HPTLC, CE and SFC were discussed and reviewed. Stability indicating assay may consist of the combination of chromatographic separation and spectroscopic detection techniques. Hyphenated system could demonstrate parallel quantitative and qualitative analysis of drug substances and impurities. Examples are HPLC-DAD, HPLC-FL, GC-MS, LC-MS and LC-NMR. The analytes in the samples are separated in the chromatography while the impurities are chemically characterised by the spectroscopy in the system. In this review, various chromatographic methods which had been employed as stability indicating assays for drug substance and pharmaceutical formulation were systematically reviewed, and the application of hyphenated techniques in impurities characterisation and identification were also discussed with supporting literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Ann Khor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yau-Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Chierentin L, Salgado HRN. Review of Properties and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Norfloxacin. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:22-39. [PMID: 26398574 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.941456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The first-generation quinolones have their greatest potency against Gram-negative bacteria, but newly developed molecules have exhibited increased potency against Gram-positive bacteria, and existing agents are available with additional activity against anaerobic microorganisms. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone used against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (aerobic organisms). There are different analytical methods available to determine norfloxacin applied in quality control of this medicine in order to ensure its effectiveness and safety. The authors present an overview of the fourth generation of quinolones, followed by the properties, applications, and analytical methods of norfloxacin. These results show several existing analytical techniques that are flexible and broad-based methods of analysis in different matrices. This article focuses on bionalytical and pharmaceutical quality-control applications, such as thin-layer chromatography, microbiological assay, spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis (CE), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Chierentin
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
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Attimarad M. Multivariate optimization of a capillary zone electrophoresis assay method for simultaneous quantification of metformin and vildagliptin from a formulation. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1169426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alnajjar AO, Idris AM, Attimarad MV, Elgorashe REE. Quadruple Response Factorial Design Optimization of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Assay Procedure for Metformin and Sitagliptin Combination. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1057646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh V. Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafea E. E. Elgorashe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Mendes C, Buttchevitz A, Barison A, Ocampos FMM, Bernardi LS, Oliveira PR, Silva MAS. Investigation of β-cyclodextrin–norfloxacin inclusion complexes. Part 2. Inclusion mode and stability studies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 13:131-40. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.982092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liu C, Feng X, Qian H, Fang G, Wang S. Determination of Norfloxacin in Food by Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassay with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detector. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Determination of Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Chicken Meat Based on Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/610120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes an effective matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction method for determining norfloxacin (NOR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in chicken meat by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The optimum conditions for separating NOR and CIP were as follows:60 cm×75 μm i.d. capillary, 40 mmol L−1borate buffer solution (pH 8.5), separation voltage at 16 kV, and detection wavelength at 280 nm. Before CZE determination, the chicken meat samples were purified and enriched by using an MSPD extraction step with a preconditioned C18cartridge and by eluting the compound with 3.0 mL of acetonitrile. A good linear fit curve with the concentration range of 0.10 μg g−1to 500 μg g−1for NOR and CIP was obtained, with regression coefficients of 0.9994 and 0.9986, respectively. The limits of detection of NOR and CIP were 0.04 and 0.03 μg g−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine NOR and CIP in chicken meat.
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Alnajjar AO, Idris AM. Development of a CZE Method for the Quantification of Pseudoephedrine and Cetirizine. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:1104-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Orlandini S, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. Multivariate optimization of capillary electrophoresis methods: a critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:290-307. [PMID: 23669025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article a review on the recent applications of multivariate techniques for optimization of electromigration methods, is presented. Papers published in the period from August 2007 to February 2013, have been taken into consideration. Upon a brief description of each of the involved CE operative modes, the characteristics of the chemometric strategies (type of design, factors and responses) applied to face a number of analytical challenges, are presented. Finally, a critical discussion, giving some practical advices and pointing out the most common issues involved in multivariate set-up of CE methods, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Saleh GA, Askal HF, Refaat IH, Abdel-aal FAM. REVIEW ON RECENT SEPARATION METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SOME FLUOROQUINOLONES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.691440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A. Saleh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Hassan F. Askal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Refaat
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Fatma A. M. Abdel-aal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
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Naheid SA, Idris AM, Elgorashe REE, Altayeb MAH, Alnajjar AO, Assubaie FN. High-throughput sequential injection assay method for chlorpromazine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Idris AM. SEQUENTIAL INJECTION CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR BIOFLUIDIC ANALYSIS: APPLICATION TO PROMETHAZINE ASSAY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.639119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr M. Idris
- a Department of Chemistry , College of Science, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
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Alnajjar AO, Idris AM, Attimarad MV, Aldughaish AM, Elgorashe REE. Capillary Electrophoresis Assay Method for Metoprolol and Hydrochlorothiazide in their Combined Dosage Form with Multivariate Optimization. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:92-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Sequential injection chromatography against HPLC and CE: Application to separation and quantification of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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López MDMC, Vilariño JML, Rodríguez MVG, Losada LFB. Development, validation and application of Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography method for routine analysis of catechins, quercetin and thymol in natural samples. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Santos JS, Teixeira LS, Araújo RG, Fernandes AP, Korn MGA, Ferreira SL. Optimization of the operating conditions using factorial designs for determination of uranium by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sun H, Chen P, Wang F. A novel chemiluminescence reaction system for the determination of norfloxacin with Ag(III) complex. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:819-824. [PMID: 19733506 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel chemiluminescence (CL) system for the determination of norfloxacin (NFLX) is developed based on the direct CL reaction of [Ag(HIO(6))(2)](5-)-H(2)SO(4)-NFLX system. The possible mechanism of CL emission and enhancing effect was discussed by comparing UV, fluorescence and CL spectra. [Ag(HIO(6))(2)](5-) in the presence of H(2)SO(4) could produce CL emission at 490 nm, this might be caused by the excited state (O(2))(2)*. The enhancing effect of NFLX may be produced through an intermolecular energy transfer from part of (O(2))(2)* to NFLX molecule and complex of Ag(3+) and NFLX. The CL intensity emission intensity was linear in the range 1.34 x 10(-8) to 5.44 x 10(-6) gmL(-1) with correlation coefficient of 0.9982. The detection limit (s/n=3) was 3.10 x 10(-9) gmL(-1). The recovery was in the range of 90.0-104% with the RSD of 1.1-2.8%. The proposed flow injection CL method was applied satisfactorily for the determination of NFLX in capsule, human serum and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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Yang Z, Wang X, Qin W, Zhao H. Capillary electrophoresis–chemiluminescence determination of norfloxacin and prulifloxacin. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 623:231-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu YM, Cao JT, Wang H. Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection for the analysis of quinolone drugs and pharmacokinetics study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu YM, Cao JT, Tian W, Zheng YL. Determination of levofloxacin and norfloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection and applications in human urine. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3207-12. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Optical Flow-Through Sensor for the Determination of Norfloxacin Based on Emission of KMnO4–Na2SO3–Tb3+ System. J Fluoresc 2008; 18:843-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-008-0313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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