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Detection of food spoilage and adulteration by novel nanomaterial-based sensors. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 286:102297. [PMID: 33142210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food industry is always looking for more innovative and accurate ways to monitor the food safety and quality control of final products. Current detection techniques of analytes are costly and time-consuming, and occasionally require professional experts and specialized tools. The usage of nanomaterials in sensory systems has eliminated not only these drawbacks but also has advantages such as higher sensitivity and selectivity. This article first presents a general overview of the current studies conducted on the detection of spoilage and adulteration in foods from 2015 to 2020. Then, the sensory properties of nanomaterials including metal and magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures (nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, and nanofibers), nanowires, and electrospun nanofibers are presented. The latest investigations and advancements in the application of nanomaterial-based sensors in detecting spoilage (food spoilage pathogens, toxins, pH changes, and gases) and adulterants (food additives, glucose, melamine, and urea) have also been discussed in the following sections. To conclude, these sensors can be applied in the smart packaging of food products to meet the demand of consumers in the new era.
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A preliminary assessment of dietary exposure of ochratoxin A in Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Mycotoxin Res 2020; 36:327-337. [PMID: 32621108 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-020-00397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine dietary exposure to ochratoxin A (OTA) in Turkish adults. In this study, 500 food samples (50 rice, 50 wheat bread, 50 pasta, 50 raisins, 50 dried figs, 50 pistachios, 50 hazelnuts, 50 almonds, 50 chilli, 25 coffee, and 25 cocoa) collected from Turkey were analysed with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Moreover, a total of 370 analytical results (110 cereal-based snacks, 95 wine, 35 beer, and 130 chocolate) collected from our previous observations were also used in the evaluation of exposure estimates. OTA was found in 52% of cocoa, 42% of raisins, 40% of coffee, 34% of chilli, 14% of dried figs, 10% of pasta, 8% of pistachios, 6% of wheat bread, 4% of rice, and 4% of hazelnuts. The chronic dietary exposure to OTA for Turkish adults, using lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) concentrations, varied from 0.683 to 4.487 ng/kg body weight (b.w.) per week for mean estimate and from 3.976 to 5.760 ng/kg b.w. per week for the 95th percentile (P95) estimate. Cereals and cereal-based products made the largest contribution (75.3-85.7%) to OTA exposure. Both mean and P95 chronic exposure to OTA were greatly below the tolerable weekly intake of 120 ng/kg b.w. per week and thus not a health concern for Turkish adults.
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Elaridi J, Yamani O, Al Matari A, Dakroub S, Attieh Z. Determination of Ochratoxin A (OTA), Ochratoxin B (OTB), T-2, and HT-2 Toxins in Wheat Grains, Wheat Flour, and Bread in Lebanon by LC-MS/MS. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E471. [PMID: 31409003 PMCID: PMC6723938 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals are prone to fungal infection during growth, harvesting, transportation, and/or storage. As a result, cereals such as wheat grains and wheat-derived products may be contaminated with mycotoxins leading to acute and chronic health exposure. The current study investigated the presence of the mycotoxins: ochratoxin A (OTA), ochratoxin B (OTB), T-2, and HT-2 toxins in samples of wheat grains (n = 50), wheat flour (n = 50), and bread (n = 37) from the main mills in Lebanon using LC-MS/MS. Accuracy ranged from 98-100%, recoveries from 93-105%, and intraday and interday precision were 5-7% and 9-12%, respectively. The tested wheat grains, wheat flour, and bread samples did not contain detectable levels of T-2 and HT-2 toxins and OTB. Four wheat flour samples (8% of flour samples) showed positive OTA levels ranging from 0.6-3.4 μg·kg-1 with an arithmetic mean of 1.9 ± 0.2 μg·kg-1. Only one sample contained an OTA concentration greater than the limit set by the European Union (3 μg·kg-1) for wheat-derived products. This study suggests that mycotoxin contamination of wheat grains, wheat flour, and bread in Lebanon is currently not a serious public health concern. However, surveillance strategies and monitoring programs must be routinely implemented to ensure minimal mycotoxin contamination of wheat-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomana Elaridi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 13-5053, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon.
| | - Osama Yamani
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology, American University of Science and Technology, Achrafieh 16-6452, Lebanon
| | - Amira Al Matari
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology, American University of Science and Technology, Achrafieh 16-6452, Lebanon
| | - Saada Dakroub
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology, American University of Science and Technology, Achrafieh 16-6452, Lebanon
| | - Zouhair Attieh
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology, American University of Science and Technology, Achrafieh 16-6452, Lebanon.
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Fitzgerald J, Leonard P, Darcy E, Sharma S, O'Kennedy R. Immunoaffinity Chromatography: Concepts and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1485:27-51. [PMID: 27730547 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6412-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Immunoaffinity chromatography is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimization of critical experimental parameters such as (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilization coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in immunoaffinity chromatography and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine Darcy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Kolakowski B, O'Rourke SM, Bietlot HP, Kurz K, Aweryn B. Ochratoxin A Concentrations in a Variety of Grain-Based and Non-Grain-Based Foods on the Canadian Retail Market from 2009 to 2014. J Food Prot 2016; 79:2143-2159. [PMID: 28221957 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extent of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of domestically produced foods sold across Canada was determined from 2009 to 2014 with sampling and testing occurring each fiscal year. Cereal-based, fruit-based, and soy-based food samples (n = 6,857) were analyzed. Almost half of the samples (3,200; 47%) did not contain detectable concentrations of OTA. The remaining 3,657 samples contained OTA at 0.040 to 631 ng/g. Wheat, oats, milled products of other grains (such as rye and buckwheat), and to a lesser extent corn products and their derived foods were the most significant potential sources of OTA exposure for the Canadian population. Wine, grape juice, soy products, beer, dairy-based infant formula, and licorice candy were not significant contributors to OTA consumption. Spices had the highest OTA concentrations; but because so little is ingested, these foods are not considered to be a significant source of OTA. In contrast, infant formulas and cereals can be important dietary sources of OTA. Infant cereals containing oats and infant formulas containing soy had detectable concentrations of OTA, some of which exceeded the proposed Canadian guidelines. The prevalence and concentrations of OTA in major crops (wheat, corn, and oats) varied widely across years. Because these foods were purchased at retail stores, no information was available on the OTA concentrations in the raw materials, the storage conditions before purchase of the samples, or the origin of the ingredients (may include blends of raw materials from different years and/or different geographical regions of Canada); therefore, impact of these factors could not be assessed. Overall, 2.3% of the samples exceeded the proposed Canadian OTA regulatory limits and 2.7% exceeded the current European Union (EU) OTA regulatory limits. These results are consistent with a Health Canada exposure assessment published in 2010, despite the inclusion of a wider range of products and confirm the safety of foods widely available across Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kolakowski
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Sarah M O'Rourke
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Henri P Bietlot
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Karl Kurz
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Barbara Aweryn
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
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Mohammad-Hasani F, Mirlohi M, Mosharraf L, Hasanzade A. Occurrence of aflatoxins in wheat flour specified for sangak bread and its reduction through fermentation and baking. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2015.0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Mohammad-Hasani
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 81746, Isfahan 81745-673461, Iran
| | - M. Mirlohi
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 81746, Isfahan 81745-673461, Iran
| | - L. Mosharraf
- Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Amirieh street, Isfahan 81745-199, Iran
| | - A. Hasanzade
- Department of Epidemiology, Food Security Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezargrib street, Isfahan Iran
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First report: Exposure estimates to ochratoxin A through wheat bread and rice intake in Turkey. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sabillón L, Bianchini A. From Field to Table: A Review on the Microbiological Quality and Safety of Wheat-Based Products. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-06-15-0126-rw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sabillón
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
- The Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| | - Andréia Bianchini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
- The Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
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Gerez CL, Dallagnol A, Ponsone L, Chulze S, Font de Valdez G. Ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus niger: Effect of water activity and a biopreserver formulated with Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 778. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Abrunhosa L, Morales H, Soares C, Calado T, Vila-Chã AS, Pereira M, Venâncio A. A Review of Mycotoxins in Food and Feed Products in Portugal and Estimation of Probable Daily Intakes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:249-65. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.720619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Reiter EV, Cichna-Markl M, Tansakul N, Shim WB, Chung DH, Zentek J, Razzazi-Fazeli E. Sol–gel immunoaffinity chromatography for the clean up of ochratoxin A contaminated grains. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7627-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. IAC is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimisation of critical experimental parameters such as: (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilisation coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high-affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in IAC and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Duarte S, Bento J, Pena A, Lino C, Delerue-Matos C, Oliveira M, Alves M, Pereira J. Influencing factors on bread-derived exposure to ochratoxin A: Type, origin and composition. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ochratoxin a in Portugal: a review to assess human exposure. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1225-49. [PMID: 22069635 PMCID: PMC3153259 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, the climate, dietary habits, and food contamination levels present the characteristics for higher population susceptibility to ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the known mycotoxins with the greatest public health and agro-economic importance. In this review, following a brief historical insight on OTA research, a summary of the available data on OTA occurrence in food (cereals, bread, wine, meat) and biological fluids (blood, urine) is made. With this data, an estimation of intake is made to ascertain and update the risk exposure estimation of the Portuguese population, in comparison to previous studies and other populations.
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Duarte S, Bento J, Pena A, Lino CM, Delerue-Matos C, Oliva-Teles T, Morais S, Correia M, Oliveira MBPP, Alves MR, Pereira JA. Monitoring of ochratoxin A exposure of the Portuguese population through a nationwide urine survey--Winter 2007. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:1195-1198. [PMID: 20018347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of fungi, such as Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillium spp., which has been found to have a wide number of potentially deadly toxic effects, and can enter the human organism through a variety of means. It then finds its way into the bloodstream and, after a lengthy process, is eventually excreted through the urine. It can thus be detected in its original form not only in blood samples but also in this biological medium. As such, and in an attempt to evaluate the exposure of the Portuguese population to this mycotoxin, morning urine samples were collected during the Winter of 2007, from each of five geographically distinct Portuguese locations--Bragança, Porto, Coimbra, Alentejo, and Algarve--and subjected to extraction by immunoaffinity columns and to OTA quantification through liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Prevalent incidence was higher than 95% with Coimbra being the exception (incidence of 73.3%). In nearly all locations, the OTA content of most samples was found to be above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 ng/ml. Indeed, excluding Coimbra, with an OTA content level of 0.014 ng/ml, all regions featured content values over 0.021 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duarte
- Group of Health Surveillance, Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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A review on ochratoxin A occurrence and effects of processing of cereal and cereal derived food products. Food Microbiol 2009; 27:187-98. [PMID: 20141935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) continues to grab global attention and concern for the hazard and impact that embody for both human and animals, based on its toxicity and occurrence. Despite OTA has been described in a myriad of foodstuffs, cereal and its derivatives remain the major contributors to OTA exposure. For that reason, a critical review on OTA occurrence reported by recent studies worldwide focusing on unprocessed and processed cereal foodstuffs is made in this work. Special attention is drawn to the major cereal derived products, namely flour, bread, breakfast cereals, baby/infant foods and the inherently involved technological food processing methods and its influence on the redistribution and chemical modification of OTA. The paper further examines the factors that influence the OTA content of cereal and its derived products, explicitly the different ecological niches of the ochratoxigenic mycobiota -Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium verrucosum, the agricultural practice involved, harvest procedures and storage conditions, the type of grain, and the nature and extent of technological processing as well as the ultimate stages of analytical quality level of the sampling and analysis of the suspected ingredients or foods.
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Duarte S, Bento J, Pena A, Lino C. Ochratoxin A exposure assessment of the inhabitants of Lisbon during winter 2007/2008 through bread and urine analysis. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:1411-20. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903107914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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