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Masci M, Caproni R, Nevigato T. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Glyphosate in Cereals Together with a Discussion of Its Occurrence, Accumulation, Fate, Degradation, and Regulatory Status. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:38. [PMID: 38804332 PMCID: PMC11130892 DOI: 10.3390/mps7030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Union's recent decision to renew the authorization for the use of glyphosate until 15 December 2033 has stimulated scientific discussion all around the world regarding its toxicity or otherwise for humans. Glyphosate is a chemical of which millions of tons have been used in the last 50 years worldwide to dry out weeds in cultivated fields and greenhouses and on roadsides. Concern has been raised in many areas about its possible presence in the food chain and its consequent adverse effects on health. Both aspects that argue in favor of toxicity and those that instead may indicate limited toxicity of glyphosate are discussed here. The widespread debate that has been generated requires further investigations and field measurements to understand glyphosate's fate once dispersed in the environment and its concentration in the food chain. Hence, there is a need for validated analytical methods that are available to analysts in the field. In the present review, methods for the analytical determination of glyphosate and its main metabolite, AMPA, are discussed, with a specific focus on chromatographic techniques applied to cereal products. The experimental procedures are explained in detail, including the cleanup, derivatization, and instrumental conditions, to give the laboratories involved enough information to proceed with the implementation of this line of analysis. The prevalent chromatographic methods used are LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/SIM, and GC-MS/MS, but sufficient indications are also given to those laboratories that wish to use the better performing high-resolution MS or the simpler HPLC-FLD, HPLC-UV, GC-NPD, and GC-FPD techniques for screening purposes. The concentrations of glyphosate from the literature measured in wheat, corn, barley, rye, oats, soybean, and cereal-based foods are reported, together with its regulatory status in various parts of the world and its accumulation mechanism. As for its accumulation in cereals, the available data show that glyphosate tends to accumulate more in wholemeal flours than in refined ones, that its concentration in the product strictly depends on the treatment period (the closer it is to the time of harvesting, the higher the concentration), and that in cold climates, the herbicide tends to persist in the soil for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Masci
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy (T.N.)
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Ravikumar A, Kavitha S, Arul A, Rajaji P, G T, Li X, Wu B, Surya VJ, Tang J, Sivalingam Y, Zhang Z. Prussian blue analogues of Ni-Co-MoS 2 nanozymes with high peroxidase like activity for sensitive detection of glyphosate and copper. Talanta 2024; 270:125542. [PMID: 38109810 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The rational development of efficient nanozymes for the colorimetric detection of targets is still challenging. Herein, Prussian blue analogues of Ni-Co-MoS2 nano boxes were fabricated for colorimetric detection of glyphosate and copper ions owing to its peroxidase like activity. At the sensing system, the Ni-Co-MoS2 nano boxes display high peroxidase activity, which could catalytically oxidize the colourless TMB to blue colour oxTMB. In presence of glyphosate in this sensing system the blue colour is diminished, ascribed to the inhibit the catalytic activity of Ni-Co-MoS2 nano boxes. Concurrently, the addition of copper ion, which result in blue colour was reappear due to the generation of glyphosate-copper complex formation. The Ni-Co-MoS2 nano boxes based colorimetric sensing platform was developed to sensitive detection of glyphosate and copper ions with low detection limit of 3 nM for glyphosate and 3.8 nM for copper. This method also displays satisfactory outcomes from real samples analysis and its good accuracy. Therefore, this work provides a great potential for rapid detection of the targets from the environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravikumar
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Chemistry, The M.D.T Hindu College (Affiliated to Manonmanium Sundaranar University), Tirunelveli, 627010, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amutha Arul
- Department of Chemistry, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, 627003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Rajaji
- Department of Chemistry, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering and Technology, Mamallapuram, Chennai, 603104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilselvan G
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Velappa Jayaraman Surya
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jun Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Yuvaraj Sivalingam
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Fluorescence detection of glyphosate based on G-quadruplex and porphyrin metalation. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Cheng Y, Li G, Huang X, Qian Z, Peng C. Label-Free Fluorescent Turn-On Glyphosate Sensing Based on DNA-Templated Silver Nanoclusters. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100832. [PMID: 36290969 PMCID: PMC9599485 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a label-free fluorescent detection method for glyphosate, based on DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-Ag NCs) and a Cu2+-ion-modulated strategy, was developed. In the presence of Cu2+, the fluorescence of the DNA-Ag NCs was quenched. Glyphosate can restore the fluorescence of DNA-Ag NCs. By analyzing the storage stability of the obtained DNA-Ag NCs using different DNA templates, specific DNA-Ag NCs were selected for the construction of the glyphosate sensor. The ultrasensitive detection of glyphosate was achieved by optimizing the buffer pH and Cu2+ concentration. The sensing of glyphosate demonstrated a linear response in the range of 1.0-50 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied in the detection of glyphosate in a real sample, indicating its high application potential for glyphosate detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhijuan Qian
- Nanjing Customs District Light Industry 375 Productsand Children’s Products Inspection Center, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chifang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Scopel M, Piazza R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Detection of glyphosate residues in feed, saliva, urine and faeces from a cattle farm: a pilot study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1248-1254. [PMID: 35442859 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2066194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Forty-two samples of feed, saliva, urines, and faeces collected from a cattle farm were investigated with the aim to evaluate the occurrence of glyphosate in faeces, urine and saliva. Glyphosate in the feed was also quantified to understand how it was assimilated by mammals. All cows excreted glyphosate in their faeces at concentrations between 57 and 983 ng g-1. In contrast, only 55% of urine and one sample of saliva tested positive. Most of the feeds demonstrated a non-negligible presence of glyphosate. In particular, a silage containing soybeans from genetically modified cultivation showed a concentration one order of magnitude higher than the other feeds. This study aims to provide the first complete determination of glyphosate in a cattle farm, considering the possible re-entry into the environment through the spreading of liquid and solid sewage and its possible impact on groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Monica Scopel
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
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Huaraca LF, Chamorro SA, Hernández V, Bay-Schmith E, Villamar CA. Comparative acute toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) to Daphnia magna, Tisbe longicornis, and Emerita analoga. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:646-654. [PMID: 32432942 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1758497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to know the differential composition of the dissolved fraction of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH), commercialized as GLIFOPAC, when reaches different aquatic environments and its ecotoxicological effects on crustaceans species living in them. Daphnia magna, Tisbe longicornis, and Emerita analoga were exposed to glyphosate herbicide called GLIFOPAC (480 g L-1 of active ingredient or a.i.) at concentrations between 0.5 and 4.8 g a.i. L-1. Acute toxicity in D. magna (48 h-LC50), E. analoga (48 h-LC50), and T. longicornis (96 h-LC50) was studied. Chromatographic analysis of the GBH composition used and water (freshwater/sea water) polluted with GLIFOPAC were evaluated. Results reported acute toxicity (48-96 h-LC50) values for D. magna, E. analoga and T. longicornis of 27.4 mg L-1, 806.4 mg L-1, and 19.4 mg L-1, respectively. Chromatographic evaluation described around 45 substances of the GLIFOPAC composition, such as from the surfactant structures (aliphatic chain with esther/ether group), metabolites (AMPA), and other substances (glucofuranose, glucopyranoside, galactopyranose). This study evidenced differences in the GLIFOPAC composition in freshwater and marine water, which may differentiate the toxic response at the crustacean-level in each aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Huaraca
- Centro de Investigación y Control Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Soledad A Chamorro
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - Víctor Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrique Bay-Schmith
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristina A Villamar
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Harvey DJ, Vouros P. MASS SPECTROMETRIC FRAGMENTATION OF TRIMETHYLSILYL AND RELATED ALKYLSILYL DERIVATIVES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:105-211. [PMID: 31808199 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the mass spectral fragmentation of trimethylsilyl (TMS) and related alkylsilyl derivatives used for preparing samples for analysis, mainly by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The review is divided into three sections. The first section is concerned with the TMS derivatives themselves and describes fragmentation of derivatized alcohols, thiols, amines, ketones, carboxylic acids and bifunctional compounds such as hydroxy- and amino-acids, halo acids and hydroxy ethers. More complex compounds such as glycerides, sphingolipids, carbohydrates, organic phosphates, phosphonates, steroids, vitamin D, cannabinoids, and prostaglandins are discussed next. The second section describes intermolecular reactions of siliconium ions such as the TMS cation and the third section discusses other alkylsilyl derivatives. Among these latter compounds are di- and trialkyl-silyl derivatives, various substituted-alkyldimethylsilyl derivatives such as the tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers, cyclic silyl derivatives, alkoxysilyl derivatives, and 3-pyridylmethyldimethylsilyl esters used for double bond location in fatty acid spectra. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 0000:1-107, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Paul Vouros
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, Massachusetts, 02115
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Jaikwang P, Junkuy A, Sapbamrer R, Seesen M, Khacha-ananda S, Mueangkhiao P, Wunnapuk K. A Dilute-and-Shoot LC–MS/MS Method for Urinary Glyphosate and AMPA. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Hamedpour V, Sasaki Y, Zhang Z, Kubota R, Minami T. Simple Colorimetric Chemosensor Array for Oxyanions: Quantitative Assay for Herbicide Glyphosate. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13627-13632. [PMID: 31556601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the determination of oxyanions due to correlation with metabolic processes and diseases is in high demand, most of the developed methods are suffering from a shortage of a capability of on-site analysis, sensitivity, and user-friendliness. This paper introduces the first colorimetric chemosensor array targeting various anions including glyphosate. The proposed sensor benefits from some notable features such as utilizing only commercially available reagents, recognizing similarly structured compounds by biomaterial-free sensors, and providing a fingerprint-like response originating from pattern recognition. The detection mechanism is based on an anion sensing strategy named coordination binding-based sensor array (CBSA). In CBSA, competitive coordinative bonding of a metal ion (Zn2+) between a catechol dye (i.e., indicator) and target anions occurs, and changes in the optical properties of the dye represent the target's concentration. For data processing, two chemometrical techniques including linear discrimination analysis (LDA) and an artificial neural network (ANN) for pattern classification and regression/prediction purposes were successfully employed, respectively. Finally, the proposed chemosensor was subjected to glyphosate samples (commercial herbicide and tap water samples) and produced satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Hamedpour
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan
| | - Zhoujie Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan
| | - Riku Kubota
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan
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10
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Determination of glyphosate in soil samples using CdTe/CdS quantum dots in capillary electrophoresis. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Zhang G, Xu B, Chong H, Wei W, Wang C, Wang G. Effect of glyphosate on X-ray diffraction of copper films prepared by electrochemical deposition. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14016-14023. [PMID: 35519352 PMCID: PMC9064028 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01385g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of electrochemical deposition of metals, the additives can directly affect the final morphology of the metal. Using glyphosate as the additive, copper thin films were prepared by the electrochemical deposition method from a CuSO4 aqueous solution under a specific voltage. The copper thin films were grown on the surface of the indium tin oxide (ITO) film, which was used as the working electrode in a classical three-electrode cell. Glyphosate combined with the copper ion to form a complex, and hindered further reduction and crystallization of the copper ions. The results indicated that the peak intensities of the X-ray diffraction peaks decreased with the increase in the glyphosate concentrations, which can be used as a basis for quantitative detection. The method is simple and highly sensitive. Quantitative probing of glyphosate by combining electrochemical deposition and X-ray diffraction methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaomin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Bin Xu
- Testing Center
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- China
| | - Hui Chong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Wenxian Wei
- Testing Center
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- China
| | - Chengyin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
- Testing Center
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology
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Arkan T, Molnár-Perl I. Advances in the alkylsilyl derivatization of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid: A critical comeback to the N - tert .-butyldimethylsilyl- N -methyltrifluoroacetamide reagent. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Padilla-Alonso DJ, Garza-Tapia M, Chávez-Montes A, González-Horta A, Waksman de Torres NH, Castro-Ríos R. New temperature-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water samples. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1295057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J. Padilla-Alonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Marsela Garza-Tapia
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Abelardo Chávez-Montes
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Azucena González-Horta
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Noemí H. Waksman de Torres
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rocío Castro-Ríos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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