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Golabiazar R, Yusif SY, Qadir CN, Abduljabar RS, Othman KI, Omar FB. Photocatalytic evaluation of synthesized MnO 2/Fe 3O 4 NCs by Q. infectoria extract for removal Ni(II) and phenol: Study phytochemical, kinetics, thermodynamics, and antibioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127400. [PMID: 37848108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the plant extract of the Quercus infectoria galls was used as a reducing, capping, and stabilizer agent for green synthesized MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and MnO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites (NCs) due to its reduction ability from polyphenol and antioxidant content. The green synthesized nanomaterials have been characterized by various techniques such as FTIR, UV-vis, XRD, SEM, EDS, and TEM. The average size of about 7.4 and 6.88 nm was estimated for the NCs crystals of SEM images and XRD analysis by the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods. The green synthesized MnO2/Fe3O4 NCs (dosage: 0.1 g) have shown high photocatalytic activity for the removal of Ni(II) in acidic and basic solutions under visible irradiation (220 V lamp). The removal efficiency for the Ni(II) solution (3.6 × 10-3 M) at pH = 3 was increased to pH = 12 from 56 % to 98 %. The oxidase-like activity of MnO2/Fe3O4 NCs at different dosages (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g) for the removal and colorimetric of phenol (1 g/40 mL) in the presence 4-AAp (1 g) was seen after only 28, 13, and 5 s, respectively. The kinetic evaluation results showed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model closely matched the adsorption capacity theoretical values qe,cal (578.03, 854.70, 892.85, and 917.43 mg.g-1) and experimental values qe,exp (521.84, 839.74, 887.86, and 913.22 mg.g-1) at different initial pH solution (3-12) for Ni(II) removal. In addition, the investigation of isotherm models revealed that the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9955) explains a better estimate for a monolayer and favorable removal of Ni(II) ions onto NCs. Also, the low Temkin constant, BT < 0 (0.0200 kJ.mol-1), and positive ∆H° value (0.103 kJ.mol-1.K-1) illustrated that Ni(II) removal is physical sorption and endothermic process. However, the obtained thermodynamic results showed the negative values ΔG° with the increase in temperature (303-318 K) toward a spontaneous removal process of Ni(II). Finally, the plant antioxidant (200 to 3200 μg/mL) and antimicrobial activities (0.001 to 0.1 g/mL) for plant extract, MnO2 NPs, and MnO2/Fe3O4 NCs were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roonak Golabiazar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Soran, Iraq.
| | - Safia Yasin Yusif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Soran, Iraq
| | - Chnin Najat Qadir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Soran, Iraq
| | - Rihan S Abduljabar
- Department of Phytochemistry, SRC, Soran University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Soran, Iraq; Department of Pharmacy, Rawandz Private Technical Institute, Kurdistan Regional Government, Soran, Iraq
| | - Karwan Ismael Othman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Soran, Iraq
| | - Faeza Burhan Omar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Soran, Iraq
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Sulejmanović J, Memić M, Šehović E, Omanović R, Begić S, Pazalja M, Ajanović A, Azhar O, Sher F. Synthesis of green nano sorbents for simultaneous preconcentration and recovery of heavy metals from water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133971. [PMID: 35182527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater containing Cd, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb ions are as trace metal pollutants. Water pollution caused by increment in industrialization and overpopulation reveals a major threat to human health. Adsorption is recognized as the effective and optimum method to remove water contaminations. The amorphous and porous form of silicon dioxide is silica gel widely used as an adsorbent. It can absorb moisture with traces of the target heavy metal ions. This research elaborates a simplistic, and reliable preconcentration column method highly developed for the determination of Cd2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ ions in model solutions and real water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The proposed operation depends on the retention of the target ions from buffered model solutions on a silica gel filled up a column modified with vanadium(V) oxide sorbent followed by their desorption. SiO2/V2O5 is an efficient adsorbent due to its low cost, eco-friendly and high availability. The adsorbent morphological and interfacial physicochemical characterization was done using scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The 2.92 value achieved for the point of zero charges supports the experimentation for the heavy metal efficient adsorption. Quantitative recoveries were achieved at pH 10 with 50 mg of SiO2/V2O5 mass and adsorption capacity ranged from 28.96 μmol/g (Pb) to 214.86 μmol/g (Fe) with 1114.79 μmol/g in total. Simultaneous preconcentration effect was determined by the interference cations on the sorbent. The LOD varies from 8.42 to 50.56 μg/L and LOQ is achieved from 20.06 to 72.41 μg/L of 15 blank solutions. The developed preconcentration procedure was adequately implemented for the simultaneous analysis of eight metallic ions content in local river samples. The developed vanadium(V) oxide incorporated with silica gel is practicable as an economical and effective adsorbent to eliminate metallic ions from a liquid solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Sulejmanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo 71 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Mustafa Memić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo 71 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elma Šehović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo 71 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Rasim Omanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo 71 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sabina Begić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo 71 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirha Pazalja
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Atifa Ajanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ofaira Azhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, United Kingdom
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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3
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Influence of Particle Size and Zeta Potential in Treating Highly Coloured Old Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride and Rubber Seed. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053016. [PMID: 35270706 PMCID: PMC8910293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Old leachate normally has a low organic compound content, poor biodegradability and is hard to biologically treat. The efficacy of tetravalent metal salts as a coagulant and the application of a natural coagulant as a flocculant in landfill leachate treatment is still inconclusive. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the potential application of tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) as the main coagulant and the rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) (RS) as the natural coagulant aid as the sole treatment in eradicating highly coloured and turbid stabilised landfill leachate present at one of the old local landfills in Malaysia. The standard jar test conducted revealed that SnCl4 was able to eliminate 99% and 97.3% of suspended solids (SS) and colour, respectively, at pH8, with 10,000 mg/L dosages, an average particle size of 2419 d·nm, and a zeta potential (ZP) of −0.4 mV. However, RS was found to be ineffective as the main coagulant and could only remove 46.7% of SS and 76.5% of colour at pH3 with 6000 mg/L dosages, and also exhibited smaller particles (933 d·nm) with ZP values of −6.3 mV. When used as a coagulant aid, the polymer bridging mechanism in RS helped in reducing the SnCl4 concentration from 10,000 mg/L to 8000 mg/L by maintaining the same performances. The presence of 1000 mg/L RS as a coagulant aid was able to remove 100% of SS and 97.6% of colour. The study concluded that RS has the potential to be used together with SnCl4 in treating concentrated leachate with SS and colour.
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Gonzalez G, Hasan MT, Ramirez D, Parsons J, Alcoutlabi M. Synthesis of
SnO
2
/
TiO
2
micro belt fibers from polymer composite precursors and their applications in Li‐ion batteries*. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gonzalez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas Edinburg Texas USA
| | - Md Toukir Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas Edinburg Texas USA
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas Brownsville Texas USA
| | - Jason Parsons
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas Brownsville Texas USA
| | - Mataz Alcoutlabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas Edinburg Texas USA
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Zainal SFFS, Aziz HA, Omar FM, Alazaiza MYD. Influence of Jatropha curcas seeds as a natural flocculant on reducing Tin (IV) tetrachloride in the treatment of concentrated stabilised landfill leachate. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131484. [PMID: 34261011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stabilised leachate usually contains lower concentration of organic compounds than younger leachate; it has low biodegradability and generally unsuitable for biological treatment. The effectiveness of tetravalent metal salts in a coagulation-flocculation (C-F) process is still inclusive. Application of natural coagulants as an alternative to the chemical could reduce chemical usage, is less costly, and environmentally friendly. Hence, the objective of the current research is to examine the possibility of reducing the amount of Tin (IV) chloride (SnCl4) as a primary coagulant by adding Jatropha curcas (JC) as a flocculant as a sole treatment through the C-F process in treating concentrated suspended solids (SS) (547 mg/L), colour (19,705 Pt-Co) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (4202 mg/L) in stabilised landfill leachate. The work also aims to evaluate the sludge properties after treatment. Functional groups, such as carboxylic acids, hydroxyl and amine/amino compounds (protein contents), were detected in the JC seed to facilitate the C-F process by neutralising the charge pollutant in water and cause the possibility of hydrogen bonding interaction between molecules. The combination of JC seed (0.9 g/L) as a flocculant reduced the dosage of SnCl4 as a coagulant from 11.1 g/L to 8.5 g/L with removals of 99.78%, 98.53% and 74.29% for SS, colour and COD, respectively. The presence of JC improved the sludge property with good morphology; the particles were in a rectangular shape, had clumps and strong agglomeration. These properties of sludge proved that JC seed could enhance the adsorption and bridging mechanism in the C-F procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamidi Abdul Aziz
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, 14300, Malaysia; School of Civil Engineering, Solid Waste Management Cluster Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Fatehah Mohd Omar
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, 14300, Malaysia
| | - Motasem Y D Alazaiza
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering (COE), A'Sharqiyah University (ASU), Ibra, 400, Oman
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Kabuba J, Banza M. Modification of clinoptilolite with dialkylphosphinic acid for the selective removal of cobalt (
II
) and nickel (
II
) from hydrometallurgical effluent. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Kabuba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology Vaal University of Technology Vanderbijlpark South Africa
| | - Musamba Banza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology Vaal University of Technology Vanderbijlpark South Africa
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Wang Z, Yang L, Yang Q, Wang M. Dual Functional Alginate‐Polyethylene Polyamine Composite Aerogel Toward Sensing and Extracting Copper Ions in Water. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-magnetic functional materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University Anqing 246133 China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-magnetic functional materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University Anqing 246133 China
| | - Qi Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-magnetic functional materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University Anqing 246133 China
| | - Min Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-magnetic functional materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University Anqing 246133 China
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Cantu J, Valle J, Flores K, Gonzalez D, Valdes C, Lopez J, Padilla V, Alcoutlabi M, Parsons J. Investigation into the thermodynamics and kinetics of the binding of Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ to TiS 2 nanoparticles synthesized using a solvothermal process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 7:103463. [PMID: 32864331 PMCID: PMC7453490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, titanium (IV) sulfide (TiS2) was synthesized and investigated for the removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. TiS2 nanoparticles synthesized through a solvothermal synthesis were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average particle size for the TiS2 material was determined to be 8.03 ± 0.98 nm from the diffraction pattern. Studies were performed to examine the effects of pH, temperature, time, and interfering ions on the binding of Cu2+ and Pb2+ to the TiS2. As well isotherm studies were performed to determine the binding capacity of TiS2 for both Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions. The pH profile studies showed optimal binding occurred at pH 2 for the sorption of both Cu2+ and Pb2+ to the TiS2. The isotherm studies showed the adsorption capacities at temperatures of 4, 22, and 45°C for Cu2+ were 243, 222, and 153 mg/g, respectively. An opposite trend in the adsorption was observed for Pb2+ binding to the TiS2. The observed binding capacities for Pb2+ were 32, 166, and 357 mg/g, at temperatures of 4, 22, and 45°C, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters for binding showed a non-spontaneous process for the sorption of Cu2+ whereas a spontaneous binding process was observed for the sorption of Pb2+. Additionally, the binding of Cu2+ on TiS2 in the presence of interfering ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, and/or Ca2+) was observed to decrease at high concentrations; however, the binding of Pb2+ was unaffected by the presence of the same cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cantu
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One W. University Blvd Brownsville TX 78520
| | - John Valle
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One W. University Blvd Brownsville TX 78520
| | - Kenneth Flores
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One W. University Blvd Brownsville TX 78520
| | - Diego Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One W. University Blvd Brownsville TX 78520
| | - Carolina Valdes
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One W. University Blvd Brownsville TX 78520
| | - Jorge Lopez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 1201 W University Dr. Edinburg TX 78539
| | - Victoria Padilla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 1201 W University Dr. Edinburg TX 78539
| | - Mataz Alcoutlabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 1201 W University Dr. Edinburg TX 78539
| | - Jason Parsons
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One W. University Blvd Brownsville TX 78520
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Fluorescence Characteristics of Aqueous Synthesized Tin Oxide Quantum Dots for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Contaminated Water. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091294. [PMID: 31510076 PMCID: PMC6781020 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tin oxide quantum dots were synthesized in aqueous solution via a simple hydrolysis and oxidation process. The morphology observation showed that the quantum dots had an average grain size of 2.23 nm. The rutile phase SnO2 was confirmed by the structural and compositional characterization. The fluorescence spectroscopy of quantum dots was used to detect the heavy metal ions of Cd2+, Fe3+, Ni2+ and Pb2+, which caused the quenching effect of photoluminescence. The quantum dots showed the response of 2.48 to 100 ppm Ni2+. The prepared SnO2 quantum dots exhibited prospective in the detection of heavy metal ions in contaminated water, including deionized water, deionized water with Fe3+, reclaimed water and sea water. The limit of detection was as low as 0.01 ppm for Ni2+ detection. The first principle calculation based on the density function theory demonstrated the dependence of fluorescence response on the adsorption energy of heavy metal ions as well as ion radius. The mechanism of fluorescence response was discussed based on the interaction between Sn vacancies and Ni2+ ions. A linear correlation of fluorescence emission intensity against Ni2+ concentration was obtained in the logarithmic coordinates. The density of active Sn vacancies was the crucial factor that determined fluorescence response of SnO2 QDs to heavy metal ions.
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Liu Y, Guo L, Huang H, Dou J, Huang Q, Gan D, Chen J, Li Y, Zhang X, Wei Y. Facile preparation of magnetic composites based on carbon nanotubes: Utilization for removal of environmental pollutants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 545:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Dehghani MH, Sarmadi M, Alipour MR, Sanaei D, Abdolmaleki H, Agarwal S, Gupta VK. Investigating the equilibrium and adsorption kinetics for the removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions using adsorbents prepared from the modified waste newspapers: A low-cost and available adsorbent. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Preparation of Tin Oxide Quantum Dots in Aqueous Solution and Applications in Semiconductor Gas Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020240. [PMID: 30754695 PMCID: PMC6409684 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tin oxide quantum dots (QDs) were prepared in aqueous solution from the precursor of tin dichloride via a simple process of hydrolysis and oxidation. The average grain size of QDs was 1.9 nm. The hydrothermal treatment was used to control the average grain size, which increased to 2.7 and 4.0 nm when the operating temperatures of 125 and 225 °C were employed, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) pattern confirmed a rutile SnO2 system for the QDs. A band gap of 3.66 eV was evaluated from the UV-VIS absorption spectrum. A fluorescence emission peak was observed at a wavelength of 300 nm, and the response was quenched by the high concentration of QDs in the aqueous solution. The current-voltage (I-V) correlation inferred that grain boundaries had the electrical characteristics of the Schottky barrier. The response of the QD thin film to H2 gas revealed its potential application in semiconductor gas sensors.
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Abstract
This research describes the adsorption of Cu2+ onto a helical ribbon carbon nanofiber. The characterization of carbon nanofiber by zeta potential showed an isoelectronic pH of 1.9. The influence of different adsorption factors, such as stirring speed, temperature, pH, adsorbent concentration, etc., on the Cu2+ adsorption capacity have been evaluated. The pH has a great influence on Cu2+ adsorption, with the maximum adsorption capacity reached at a pH of 10. The experimental data fit well to pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models (qm = 8.80 mg·g−1) at T = 298 K and pH = 4. The Cu2+ adsorption could be explained by the particle diffusion model. Results showed that carbon nanofiber could be successfully used for the elimination of Cu2+ from wastewater.
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